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Bressan C, Seró R, Alechaga É, Monfort N, Moyano E, Ventura R. Potential of desorption electrospray ionization and paper spray ionization with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the screening of sports doping agents in urine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:462-471. [PMID: 36602104 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, desorption electrospray ionization and paper spray ionization both with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-HRMS and PSI-HRMS) were explored for the fast and direct analysis of stimulants and diuretics in urine samples. The analysis was performed at a resolution of 70 000 FWHM (m/z 200) using a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer in full scan acquisition mode, detecting stimulants and diuretics in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The most critical parameters affecting the desorption and ionization efficiencies of compounds were optimized, paying particular attention to the optimization of the spray solvent for PSI-HRMS analysis and to the selection of the DESI sample substrate. For stimulants, the PSI-HRMS method performed better than DESI-HRMS, allowing the direct analysis of raw urine samples with better signal-to-noise ratios than DESI. However, results obtained for diuretics were not as satisfactory as we expected. The PSI-HRMS method was applied to the screening of 52 stimulants for doping control purposes, providing satisfactory detectability for most of them at the Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) in less than 2 minutes for each single analysis. Despite the advantages offered by the PSI-HRMS method, in this study is also included a discussion on the limitations observed because of the presence of interference for some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bressan
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Seró
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Élida Alechaga
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Monfort
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ventura
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Mycotoxins Analysis in Cereals and Related Foodstuffs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8888117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the entire world, cereals and related foodstuffs are used as an important source of energy, minerals, and vitamins. Nevertheless, their contamination with mycotoxins kept special attention due to harmful effects on human health. The present paper was conducted to evaluate published studies regarding the identification and characterization of mycotoxins in cereals and related foodstuffs by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. For sample preparation, published studies based on the development of extraction and clean-up strategies including solid-phase extraction, solid-liquid extraction, and immunoaffinity columns, as well as on methods based on minimum clean-up (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)) technology, are examined. LC-MS/MS has become the golden method for the simultaneous multimycotoxin analysis, with different sample preparation approaches, due to the range of different physicochemical properties of these toxic products. Therefore, this new strategy can be an alternative for fast, simple, and accurate determination of multiclass mycotoxins in complex cereal samples.
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Zhong F, Zhang X, Zheng C, Xu H, Gao J, Xu S. A fluorescent titanium-based metal-organic framework sensor for nitroaromatics and nanomolar Fe3+ detection. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Potential of Recent Ambient Ionization Techniques for Future Food Contaminant Analysis Using (Trans)Portable Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn food analysis, a trend towards on-site testing of quality and safety parameters is emerging. So far, on-site testing has been mainly explored by miniaturized optical spectroscopy and ligand-binding assay approaches such as lateral flow immunoassays and biosensors. However, for the analysis of multiple parameters at regulatory levels, mass spectrometry (MS) is the method of choice in food testing laboratories. Thanks to recent developments in ambient ionization and upcoming miniaturization of mass analyzers, (trans)portable mass spectrometry may be added to the toolkit for on-site testing and eventually compete with multiplex immunoassays in mixture analysis. In this study, we preliminary evaluated a selection of recent ambient ionization techniques for their potential in simplified testing of selected food contaminants such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, and natural toxins, aiming for a minimum in sample preparation while maintaining acceptable sensitivity and robustness. Matrix-assisted inlet ionization (MAI), handheld desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI), transmission-mode direct analysis in real time (TM-DART), and coated blade spray (CBS) were coupled to both benchtop Orbitrap and compact quadrupole single-stage mass analyzers, while CBS was also briefly studied on a benchtop triple-quadrupole MS. From the results, it can be concluded that for solid and liquid sample transmission configurations provide the highest sensitivity while upon addition of a stationary phase, such as in CBS, even low μg/L levels in urine samples can be achieved provided the additional selectivity of tandem mass spectrometry is exploited.
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Cavaliere C, Antonelli M, Capriotti AL, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. A Triple Quadrupole and a Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer in Comparison for Polyphenol Quantitation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4885-4896. [PMID: 30977362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) has historically been a popular approach for compound quantitation. Recently, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) technical developments led to the introduction of new approaches for quantitative analysis. Whereas the performances of HRMS have been largely assessed for qualitative purposes, there are still questions about its suitability for quantitative analysis. Several papers on LRMS and HRMS comparison have been published; however, none of them was applied to polyphenol quantitation. In this work, a comparison between HRMS, operated in data-dependent acquisition mode, and LRMS, operated in selected-reaction-monitoring mode, was performed for polyphenol quantitation in wine. The two techniques were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, linearity range, matrix effect, and precision, showing the better performances of HRMS. The suitability of HRMS for quantitation purposes as well as qualitative screening makes HRMS the new technique of choice for both targeted and untargeted analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , Rome 00185 , Italy
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De Vijlder T, Valkenborg D, Lemière F, Romijn EP, Laukens K, Cuyckens F. A tutorial in small molecule identification via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: The practical art of structural elucidation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:607-629. [PMID: 29120505 PMCID: PMC6099382 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization-based MS and MS/MS spectra in order to identify small-molecule analytes (typically below 2000 Da). Most of what is discussed in this tutorial also applies to other atmospheric pressure ionization methods like atmospheric pressure chemical/photoionization. We focus primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds, rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. We critically discuss topics like the detection of protonated and deprotonated ions ([M + H]+ and [M - H]- ) as well as other adduct ions, the determination of the molecular formula, and provide some basic rules on the interpretation of product ion spectra. Our tutorial focuses primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds (eg, contaminants in chemical production, pharmacological alteration of drugs), rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. This tutorial also discusses strategies to obtain useful orthogonal information (UV/Vis, H/D exchange, chemical derivatization, etc) and offers an overview of the different informatics tools and approaches that can be used for structural elucidation of small molecules. It is primarily intended for beginning mass spectrometrists and researchers from other mass spectrometry sub-disciplines that want to get acquainted with structural elucidation are interested in some practical tips and tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Vijlder
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical BioinformaticsHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass SpectrometryUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Edwin P. Romijn
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Biomedical Informatics Network Antwerp (Biomina)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & MetabolismJanssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
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Kaufmann A. Analytical performance of the various acquisition modes in Orbitrap MS and MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:725-738. [PMID: 29708288 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quadrupole Orbitrap instruments (Q Orbitrap) permit high-resolution mass spectrometry-based full scan acquisitions and have a number of acquisition modes where the quadrupole isolates a particular mass range prior to a possible fragmentation and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based acquisition. Selecting the proper acquisition mode(s) is essential if trace analytes are to be quantified in complex matrix extracts. Depending on the particular requirements, such as sensitivity, selectivity of detection, linear dynamic range, and speed of analysis, different acquisition modes may have to be chosen. This is particularly important in the field of multi-residue analysis (eg, pesticides or veterinary drugs in food samples) where a large number of analytes within a complex matrix have to be detected and reliably quantified. Meeting the specific detection and quantification performance criteria for every targeted compound may be challenging. It is the aim of this paper to describe the strengths and the limitations of the currently available Q Orbitrap acquisition modes. In addition, the incorporation of targeted acquisitions between full scan experiments is discussed. This approach is intended to integrate compounds that require an additional degree of sensitivity or selectivity into multi-residue methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- TAM, Official Food Contol Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland, 8030
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Hernández F, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Emke E, Kasprzyk‐Hordern B, Ort C, Reid M, Sancho JV, Thomas KV, van Nuijs AL, Zuccato E, Bijlsma L. Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:258-280. [PMID: 27750373 PMCID: PMC6191649 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of illicit drugs in urban wastewater is the basis of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), and has received much scientific attention because the concentrations measured can be used as a new non-intrusive tool to provide evidence-based and real-time estimates of community-wide drug consumption. Moreover, WBE allows monitoring patterns and spatial and temporal trends of drug use. Although information and expertise from other disciplines is required to refine and effectively apply WBE, analytical chemistry is the fundamental driver in this field. The use of advanced analytical techniques, commonly based on combined chromatography-mass spectrometry, is mandatory because the very low analyte concentration and the complexity of samples (raw wastewater) make quantification and identification/confirmation of illicit drug biomarkers (IDBs) troublesome. We review the most-recent literature available (mostly from the last 5 years) on the determination of IDBs in wastewater with particular emphasis on the different analytical strategies applied. The predominance of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify target IDBs and the essence to produce reliable and comparable results is illustrated. Accordingly, the importance to perform inter-laboratory exercises and the need to analyze appropriate quality controls in each sample sequence is highlighted. Other crucial steps in WBE, such as sample collection and sample pre-treatment, are briefly and carefully discussed. The article further focuses on the potential of high-resolution mass spectrometry. Different approaches for target and non-target analysis are discussed, and the interest to perform experiments under laboratory-controlled conditions, as a complementary tool to investigate related compounds (e.g., minor metabolites and/or transformation products in wastewater) is treated. The article ends up with the trends and future perspectives in this field from the authors' point of view. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:258-280, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesIRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilanItaly
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological CenterUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
- IBED—University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
| | | | - Christoph Ort
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)OsloNorway
| | - Juan V. Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | | | | | - Ettore Zuccato
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesIRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilanItaly
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
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de Albuquerque Cavalcanti G, Rodrigues LM, dos Santos L, Zheng X, Gujar A, Cole J, Padilha MC, de Aquino Neto FR. Non-targeted acquisition strategy for screening doping compounds based on GC-EI-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry: A focus on exogenous anabolic steroids. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:507-517. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Martins Rodrigues
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory- LBCD-LADETEC; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory- LBCD-LADETEC; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Xin Zheng
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Austin Texas USA
| | - Amit Gujar
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Austin Texas USA
| | - Jason Cole
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Austin Texas USA
| | - Monica Costa Padilha
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory- LBCD-LADETEC; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Practical application of in silico fragmentation based residue screening with ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1147-1157. [PMID: 28455852 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A screening concept for residues in complex matrices based on liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry LC/IMS-HRMS is presented. The comprehensive four-dimensional data (chromatographic retention time, drift time, mass-to-charge and ion abundance) obtained in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode was used for data mining. An in silico fragmenter utilizing a molecular structure database was used for suspect screening, instead of targeted screening with reference substances. METHODS The utilized data-independent acquisition mode relies on the MSE concept; where two constantly alternating HRMS scans (low and high fragmentation energy) are acquired. Peak deconvolution and drift time alignment of ions from the low (precursor ion) and high (product ion) energy scan result in relatively clean product ion spectra. A bond dissociation in silico fragmenter (MassFragment) supplied with mol files of compounds of interest was used to explain the observed product ions of each extracted candidate component (chromatographic peak). RESULTS Two complex matrices (fish and bovine liver extract) were fortified with 98 veterinary drugs. Out of 98 screened compounds 94 could be detected with the in silico based screening approach. The high correlation among drift time and m/z value of equally charged ions was utilized for an orthogonal filtration (ranking). Such an orthogonal ion mobility based filter removes multiply charged ions (e.g. peptides and proteins from the matrix) as well as noise and artefacts. Most significantly, this filtration dramatically reduces false positive findings but hardly increases false negative findings. CONCLUSIONS The proposed screening approach may offer new possibilities for applications where reference compounds are hardly or not at all commercially available. Such areas may be the analysis of metabolites of drugs, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, marine toxins, derivatives of sildenafil or novel designer drugs (new psychoactive substances). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Butcher
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathry Maden
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Walker
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Widmer
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
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Rochat B. Proposed Confidence Scale and ID Score in the Identification of Known-Unknown Compounds Using High Resolution MS Data. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:709-723. [PMID: 28116700 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution (HR) MS instruments recording HR-full scan allow analysts to go further beyond pre-acquisition choices. Untargeted acquisition can reveal unexpected compounds or concentrations and can be performed for preliminary diagnosis attempt. Then, revealed compounds will have to be identified for interpretations. Whereas the need of reference standards is mandatory to confirm identification, the diverse information collected from HRMS allows identifying unknown compounds with relatively high degree of confidence without reference standards injected in the same analytical sequence. However, there is a necessity to evaluate the degree of confidence in putative identifications, possibly before further targeted analyses. This is why a confidence scale and a score in the identification of (non-peptidic) known-unknown, defined as compounds with entries in database, is proposed for (LC-) HRMS data. The scale is based on two representative documents edited by the European Commission (2007/657/EC) and the Metabolomics Standard Initiative (MSI), in an attempt to build a bridge between the communities of metabolomics and screening labs. With this confidence scale, an identification (ID) score is determined as [a number, a letter, and a number] (e.g., 2D3), from the following three criteria: I, a General Identification Category (1, confirmed, 2, putatively identified, 3, annotated compounds/classes, and 4, unknown); II, a Chromatography Class based on the relative retention time (from the narrowest tolerance, A, to no chromatographic references, D); and III, an Identification Point Level (1, very high, 2, high, and 3, normal level) based on the number of identification points collected. Three putative identification examples of known-unknown will be presented. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Rochat
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Renaud JB, Sabourin L, Topp E, Sumarah MW. Spectral Counting Approach to Measure Selectivity of High-Resolution LC–MS Methods for Environmental Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2747-2754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Renaud
- London Research and Development
Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada, N5 V 4T3
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- London Research and Development
Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada, N5 V 4T3
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development
Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada, N5 V 4T3
| | - Mark W. Sumarah
- London Research and Development
Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada, N5 V 4T3
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14
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Berendsen BJA, Meijer T, Mol HGJ, van Ginkel L, Nielen MWF. A global inter-laboratory study to assess acquisition modes for multi-compound confirmatory analysis of veterinary drugs using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole, time of flight and orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:60-72. [PMID: 28231881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
According to EU legislation a confirmatory method used for residue analysis should be able to confirm the identity of a compound beyond reasonable doubt. To provide an adequate instrumental set-up, Commission Decision 2002/657/EC introduced the concept of "identification points". A second aspect to assure unequivocal confirmation, is the establishment of ion ratio and retention time criteria. Currently, the gold standard for confirmatory analysis of most veterinary drug residues is liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode, isolating one precursor ion and monitoring two a priori selected product ions, yielding 4 identification points. We comprehensively evaluated the use of different low and high resolution LC-MS(/MS) techniques and acquisition modes with respect to the selectivity of 100 veterinary drugs in liver, muscle and urine extracts aiming to critically review the currently established identification points system. A comparison among MS/MS in SRM mode with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in full scan, all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS was made based on a unique inter-laboratory study, which comprises 21 laboratories from four different continents and equipment from all major vendors. In total 186 samples were analysed yielding results for 9282 analyte/matrix combinations. It was observed that the false positive rate approximately doubles if no ion ratio criterion is applied indicating that this criterion is important to prevent false positive results. Full scan HRMS analysis, only monitoring the molecular ion and allowing a ±5 ppm mass tolerance is, in general, less selective than low resolution MS/MS using SRM, and thus full scan alone is considered not sufficient for confirmatory analysis. Furthermore, even though the number of data on all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS at high resolution was limited, based on the data obtained, it was observed that the acquisition mode as well as the mass resolution needed, very much depend on the matrix and the compound itself. For complex matrix extracts and non-selective compounds (worst-case situation), only targeted MS/MS, monitoring the precursor ion and a single product ion in HR-MS using a maximum of ±5 ppm mass deviation, leads to comparable selectivity and false positive and negative rate as SRM monitoring two product ions in LR-MS. We conclude that the currently applied identification point system as established in commission decision 2002/657/EC should be revised with respect to the allocation of identification points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Meijer
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen van Ginkel
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Data independent acquisition-digital archiving mass spectrometry: application to single kernel mycotoxin analysis of Fusarium graminearum infected maize. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3083-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Solliec M, Roy-Lachapelle A, Gasser MO, Coté C, Généreux M, Sauvé S. Fractionation and analysis of veterinary antibiotics and their related degradation products in agricultural soils and drainage waters following swine manure amendment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:524-535. [PMID: 26605832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate of antimicrobial active compound residues in the environment, and especially antibiotics used in swine husbandry are of particular interest for their potential toxicity and contribution to antibiotic resistance. The presence of relatively high concentrations of bioactive compounds has been reported in agricultural areas but few information is available on their degradation products. Veterinary antibiotics reach terrestrial environments through many routes, including application of swine manure to soils. The objectives of this project were first, to develop an analytical method able to quantify and identify veterinary antibiotics and their degradation products in manure, soil and water samples; and second, to study the distribution of these target compounds in soils and drainage waters. A brief evaluation of their potential toxicity in the environment was also made. In order to achieve these objectives, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for its ability to quantify contaminants with sensitivity and selectivity, and its capacity to identify degradation products. Samples of manure, soil and water came from a long-term experimental site where swine manure containing veterinary antibiotics has been applied for many years. In this study, tetracycline antibiotics were found at several hundred μg L(-1) in the swine manure slurry used for fertilization, several hundred of ng L(-1) in drainage waters and several ng g(-1) in soils, while degradation products were sometimes found at concentrations higher than the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Solliec
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc-Olivier Gasser
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Coté
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada
| | - Mylène Généreux
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Knolhoff AM, Croley TR. Non-targeted screening approaches for contaminants and adulterants in food using liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:86-96. [PMID: 26372444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of analytical methods for food safety monitor the presence of a specific compound or defined set of compounds. Non-targeted screening methods are complementary to these approaches by detecting and identifying unexpected compounds present in food matrices that may be harmful to public health. However, the development and implementation of generalized non-targeted screening workflows are particularly challenging, especially for food matrices due to inherent sample complexity and diversity and a large analyte concentration range. One approach that can be implemented is liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, which serves to reduce this complexity and is capable of generating molecular formulae for compounds of interest. Current capabilities, strategies, and challenges will be reviewed for sample preparation, mass spectrometry, chromatography, and data processing workflows. Considerations to increase the accuracy and speed of identifying unknown molecular species will also be addressed, including suggestions for achieving sufficient data quality for non-targeted screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
| | - Timothy R Croley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, United States
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18
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Lehotay SJ, Sapozhnikova Y, Mol HG. Current issues involving screening and identification of chemical contaminants in foods by mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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