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Darie-Ion L, Petre BA. An update on multiplexed mass spectrometry-based lysosomal storage disease diagnosis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1135-1149. [PMID: 37584312 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a type of inherited metabolic disorders in which biomolecules, accumulate as a specific substrate in lysosomes due to specific individual enzyme deficiencies. Despite the fact that LSDs are incurable, various approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or gene therapy are now available. Therefore, a timely diagnosis is a critical initial step in patient treatment. The-state-of-the-art in LSD diagnostic uses, in the first stage, enzymatic activity determination by fluorimetry or by mass spectrometry (MS) with the aid of dry blood spots, based on different enzymatic substrate structures. Due to its sensitivity, high precision, and ability to screen for an unprecedented number of diseases in a single assay, multiplexed tandem MS-based enzyme activity assays for the screening of LSDs in newborns have recently received a lot of attention. Here, (i) we review the current approaches used for simultaneous enzymatic activity determination of LSDs in dried blood spots using multiplex-LC-MS/MS; (ii) we explore the need for designing novel enzymatic substrates that generate different enzymatic products with distinct molecular masses in multiplexed-MS studies; and (iii) we give examples of the relevance of affinity-MS technique as a basis for reversing undesirable immune-reactivity in enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Darie-Ion
- Group of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Brînduşa Alina Petre
- Group of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iaşi, Romania
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine-TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iaşi, Romania
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2
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Castillo-Ribelles L, Arranz-Amo JA, Hernández-Vara J, Samaniego-Toro D, Enriquez-Calzada S, Pozo SLD, Camprodon-Gomez M, Laguna A, Gonzalo MA, Ferrer R, Martinez-Vicente M, Carnicer-Caceres C. Evaluation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Glucosylceramide and Galactosylceramide Isoforms in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12875-12882. [PMID: 39047057 PMCID: PMC11308999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, encoding glucocerebrosidase beta 1 (GCase), are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GCase dysfunction leads to an accumulation of glucosylceramide (GluCer) substrates in different organs and fluids. Despite the challenges in quantifying GluCer isoforms in biological samples, their potential clinical interest as PD biomarkers justifies the development of robust assays. An extensively evaluated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for quantifying 14 GluCer and galactosylceramide (GalCer) isoforms in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples is presented. Sample pretreatment, HPLC, and MS/MS parameters were optimized. Evaluation was performed according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Medicines Agency guidelines. Four 7-point calibration curves were generated, with a linearity interval from 2.5 to 200 nM (R2 ≥ 0.995). The limit of quantification was set at 5 nM. Between-run precision and accuracy were up to 12.5 and 9%, respectively. After method validation, we measured the levels of GluCer and GalCer isoforms in CSF human samples, including 6 healthy controls (HC), 22 idiopathic GBA1 wild-type PD (iPD) patients, and 5 GBA1-associated PD (PD-GBA) patients. GluCer/GalCer median ratios were found to be higher in the CSF of PD-GBA patients, particularly in severe GBA1 mutations, than those in iPD and HC. The observed trends in GluCer/GalCer ratios among groups provide novel information for the comprehensive analysis of sphingolipids as potential biomarkers of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castillo-Ribelles
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Arranz-Amo
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Neurology
Department, Vall d’Hebron University
Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Enriquez-Calzada
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Sara Lucas-Del Pozo
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Neurology
Department, Vall d’Hebron University
Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Department
of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
| | - Maria Camprodon-Gomez
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Unit
of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Mercedes Arrúe Gonzalo
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Clara Carnicer-Caceres
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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3
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Wurth R, Turgeon C, Stander Z, Oglesbee D. An evaluation of untargeted metabolomics methods to characterize inborn errors of metabolism. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 141:108115. [PMID: 38181458 PMCID: PMC10843816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) encompass a diverse group of disorders that can be difficult to classify due to heterogenous clinical, molecular, and biochemical manifestations. Untargeted metabolomics platforms have become a popular approach to analyze IEM patient samples because of their ability to detect many metabolites at once, accelerating discovery of novel biomarkers, and metabolic mechanisms of disease. However, there are concerns about the reproducibility of untargeted metabolomics research due to the absence of uniform reporting practices, data analyses, and experimental design guidelines. Therefore, we critically evaluated published untargeted metabolomic platforms used to characterize IEMs to summarize the strengths and areas for improvement of this technology as it progresses towards the clinical laboratory. A total of 96 distinct IEMs were collectively evaluated by the included studies. However, most of these IEMs were evaluated by a single untargeted metabolomic method, in a single study, with a limited cohort size (55/96, 57%). The goals of the included studies generally fell into two, often overlapping, categories: detecting known biomarkers from many biochemically distinct IEMs using a single platform, and detecting novel metabolites or metabolic pathways. There was notable diversity in the design of the untargeted metabolomic platforms. Importantly, the majority of studies reported adherence to quality metrics, including the use of quality control samples and internal standards in their experiments, as well as confirmation of at least some of their feature annotations with commercial reference standards. Future applications of untargeted metabolomics platforms to the study of IEMs should move beyond single-subject analyses, and evaluate reproducibility using a prospective, or validation cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wurth
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Coleman Turgeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zinandré Stander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Izhar R, Borriello M, La Russa A, Di Paola R, De A, Capasso G, Ingrosso D, Perna AF, Simeoni M. Fabry Disease in Women: Genetic Basis, Available Biomarkers, and Clinical Manifestations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 38254927 PMCID: PMC10815601 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene on the X chromosome, leading to a deficiency in α-galactosidase A (AGAL) enzyme activity. This leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, primarily globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. While FD was initially considered predominantly affecting males, recent studies have uncovered that heterozygous Fabry women, carrying a single mutated GLA gene, can manifest a wide array of clinical symptoms, challenging the notion of asymptomatic carriers. The mechanisms underlying the diverse clinical manifestations in females remain not fully understood due to X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XCI also known as "lyonization", involves the random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes. This process is considered a potential factor influencing phenotypic variation. This review delves into the complex landscape of FD in women, discussing its genetic basis, the available biomarkers, clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of XCI on disease severity. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced by heterozygous Fabry women, both in terms of their disease burden and interactions with healthcare professionals. Current treatment options, including enzyme replacement therapy, are discussed, along with the need for healthcare providers to be well-informed about FD in women, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafiah Izhar
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Antonella La Russa
- Department of Sperimental Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rossella Di Paola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Ananya De
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translation Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translation Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Yang Z, Fu L, Cao M, Li F, Li J, Chen Z, Guo A, Zhong H, Li W, Liang Y, Luo Q. PFAS-induced lipidomic dysregulations and their associations with developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160691. [PMID: 36473658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental contaminants, posing developmental toxicity to fish and human. PFAS-induced lipid metabolism disorders were demonstrated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model, but the detailed changes of lipid compositions and the influence of these changes on the biological development are still unclear. Herein, lipidomics analysis was performed to reveal the dysregulations of lipid metabolism in zebrafish embryos exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) through microinjection. Various abnormal phenotypes were observed, including heart bleeding, pericardium edema, spinal curvature and increased heart rate at 72 h after fertilization, especially in the PFOS exposure groups. Lipidomic profiling found downregulated phosphatidylethanolamines in the PFAS-exposed embryos, especially those containing a docosahexaenoyl (DHA) chain, indicating an excessive oxidative damage to the embryos. Glycerolipids were mainly upregulated in the PFOA groups but downregulated in the PFOS groups. These aberrations may reflect oxidative stress, energy metabolism malfunction and proinflammatory signals induced by PFASs. However, supplement of DHA may not be effective in recovering the lipidomic dysregulations and protecting from the developmental toxicity induced by PFASs, showing the complexity of the toxicological mechanisms. This work has revealed the associations between the abnormal phenotypes and dysregulations of lipid metabolism in zebrafish embryos induced by PFASs from the aspect of lipidomics, and discovered the underlying molecular mechanisms of the developmental toxicity of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center of Food Safety and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ang Guo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huifang Zhong
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Boutin M, Lavoie P, Beaudon M, Kabala Ntumba G, Bichet DG, Maranda B, Auray-Blais C. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Globotriaosylsphingosine and Its Analogues in Dried Blood Spots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043223. [PMID: 36834643 PMCID: PMC9966246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder where impaired α-galactosidase A enzyme activity leads to the intracellular accumulation of undegraded glycosphingolipids, including globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) and related analogues. Lyso-Gb3 and related analogues are useful biomarkers for screening and should be routinely monitored for longitudinal patient evaluation. In recent years, a growing interest has emerged in the analysis of FD biomarkers in dried blood spots (DBSs), considering the several advantages compared to venipuncture as a technique for collecting whole-blood specimens. The focus of this study was to devise and validate a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of lyso-Gb3 and related analogues in DBSs to facilitate sample collection and shipment to reference laboratories. The assay was devised in conventional DBS collection cards and in Capitainer®B blood collection devices using both capillary and venous blood specimens from 12 healthy controls and 20 patients affected with FD. The measured biomarker concentrations were similar in capillary and venous blood specimens. The hematocrit (Hct) did not affect the correlation between plasma and DBS measurements in our cohort (Hct range: 34.3-52.2%). This UHPLC-MS/MS method using DBS would facilitate high-risk screening and the follow-up and monitoring of patients affected with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche–CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche–CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Margot Beaudon
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Georges Kabala Ntumba
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche–CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Bichet
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, University of Montreal and Nephrology Service, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Bruno Maranda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche–CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche–CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Rocchetti MT, Spadaccino F, Catalano V, Zaza G, Stallone G, Fiocco D, Netti GS, Ranieri E. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Fabry Disease: Diagnostic and Prognostic Aspects. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080703. [PMID: 36005574 PMCID: PMC9415061 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal disease due to a deficiency in the activity of the lysosomal-galactosidase A (GalA), a key enzyme in the glycosphingolipid degradation pathway. FD is a complex disease with a poor genotype–phenotype correlation. In the early stages, FD could involve the peripheral nervous system (acroparesthesias and dysautonomia) and the ski (angiokeratoma), but later kidney, heart or central nervous system impairment may significantly decrease life expectancy. The advent of omics technologies offers the possibility of a global, integrated and systemic approach well-suited for the exploration of this complex disease. In this narrative review, we will focus on the main metabolomic studies, which have underscored the importance of detecting biomarkers for a diagnostic and prognostic purpose in FD. These investigations are potentially useful to explain the wide clinical, biochemical and molecular heterogeneity found in FD patients. Moreover, the quantitative mass spectrometry methods developed to evaluate concentrations of these biomarkers in urine and plasma will be described. Finally, the complex metabolic biomarker profile depicted in FD patients will be reported, which varies according to gender, types of mutations, and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Valeria Catalano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Unit of Nephology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Unit of Nephology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-732619
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (E.R.)
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Lysosphingolipid urine screening test using mass spectrometry for the early detection of lysosomal storage disorders. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:289-306. [PMID: 35118880 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sphingolipidoses are caused by a defective sphingolipid catabolism, leading to an accumulation of several glycolipid species in tissues and resulting in neurotoxicity and severe systemic manifestations. Methods & results: Urine samples from controls and patients were purified by solid-phase extraction prior to the analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with MS/MS. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 21 urinary creatinine-normalized biomarkers for eight diseases was developed and validated. Conclusion: Considering the growing demand to identify patients with different sphingolipidoses early and reliably, this methodology will be applied for high-risk screening to target efficiently patients with various sphingolipidoses.
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Yazd HS, Bazargani SF, Vanbeek CA, King-Morris K, Heldermon C, Segal MS, Clapp WL, Garrett TJ. LC-MS lipidomics of renal biopsies for the diagnosis of Fabry disease. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:71-78. [PMID: 34918004 PMCID: PMC8646168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease with deficiency in α-galactosidase. This deficiency results in the accumulation of glycosphinogolipids. Diagnosis is often made by analysis of globotriaosylceramide in fluids and tissues. Fabry is often misdiagnosed in female patients due to residual enzyme activity. Lipidomics by LC-HRMS enables identification of new biomarkers in Fabry.
Introduction Lipidomics analysis or lipid profiling is a system-based analysis of all lipids in a sample to provide a comprehensive understanding of lipids within a biological system. In the last few years, lipidomics has made it possible to better understand the metabolic processes associated with several rare disorders and proved to be a powerful tool for their clinical investigation. Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by a deficiency in α-galactosidase A (α-GAL A). This deficiency results in the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mostly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), as well as galabiosylceramide (Ga2) and their isoforms/analogs in the vascular endothelium, nerves, cardiomyocytes, renal glomerular podocytes, and biological fluids. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate lipidomic signatures in renal biopsies to help understand variations in Fabry disease markers that could be used in future diagnostic tests. Methods Lipidomic analysis was performed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) on kidney biopsies that were left over after clinical pathology analysis to diagnose Fabry disease. Results We employed UHPLC-HRMS lipidomics analysis on the renal biopsy of a patient suspicious for Fabry disease. Our result confirmed α-GAL A enzyme activity declined in this patient since a Ga2-related lipid biomarker was substantially higher in the patient's renal tissue biopsy compared with two controls. This suggests this patient has a type of LSD that could be non-classical Fabry disease. Conclusion This study shows that lipidomics analysis is a valuable tool for rare disorder diagnosis, which can be conducted on leftover tissue samples without disrupting normal patient care.
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Modrego A, Amaranto M, Godino A, Mendoza R, Barra JL, Corchero JL. Human α-Galactosidase A Mutants: Priceless Tools to Develop Novel Therapies for Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6518. [PMID: 34204583 PMCID: PMC8234732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene for the α-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. The absence of the enzyme or its activity results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in different tissues, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations. More than 1000 natural variants have been described in the GLA gene, most of them affecting proper protein folding and enzymatic activity. Currently, FD is treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) or pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT). However, as both approaches show specific drawbacks, new strategies (such as new forms of ERT, organ/cell transplant, substrate reduction therapy, or gene therapy) are under extensive study. In this review, we summarize GLA mutants described so far and discuss their putative application for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of FD. Unfavorable mutants with lower activities and stabilities than wild-type enzymes could serve as tools for the development of new pharmacological chaperones. On the other hand, GLA mutants showing improved enzymatic activity have been identified and produced in vitro. Such mutants could overcome several complications associated with current ERT, as lower-dose infusions of these mutants could achieve a therapeutic effect equivalent to that of the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Modrego
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marilla Amaranto
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Agustina Godino
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Rosa Mendoza
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Barra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Carnicer-Cáceres C, Arranz-Amo JA, Cea-Arestin C, Camprodon-Gomez M, Moreno-Martinez D, Lucas-Del-Pozo S, Moltó-Abad M, Tigri-Santiña A, Agraz-Pamplona I, Rodriguez-Palomares JF, Hernández-Vara J, Armengol-Bellapart M, del-Toro-Riera M, Pintos-Morell G. Biomarkers in Fabry Disease. Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Follow-up. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081664. [PMID: 33924567 PMCID: PMC8068937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient alpha-galactosidase A activity in the lysosome due to mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in gradual accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other derivatives in different tissues. Substrate accumulation promotes different pathogenic mechanisms in which several mediators could be implicated, inducing multiorgan lesions, mainly in the kidney, heart and nervous system, resulting in clinical manifestations of the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy was shown to delay disease progression, mainly if initiated early. However, a diagnosis in the early stages represents a clinical challenge, especially in patients with a non-classic phenotype, which prompts the search for biomarkers that help detect and predict the evolution of the disease. We have reviewed the mediators involved in different pathogenic mechanisms that were studied as potential biomarkers and can be easily incorporated into clinical practice. Some accumulation biomarkers seem to be useful to detect non-classic forms of the disease and could even improve diagnosis of female patients. The combination of such biomarkers with some response biomarkers, may be useful for early detection of organ injury. The incorporation of some biomarkers into clinical practice may increase the capacity of detection compared to that currently obtained with the established diagnostic markers and provide more information on the progression and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carnicer-Cáceres
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Laboratoris Clínics, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.A.-A.); (C.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jose Antonio Arranz-Amo
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Laboratoris Clínics, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.A.-A.); (C.C.-A.)
| | - Cristina Cea-Arestin
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Laboratoris Clínics, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.A.-A.); (C.C.-A.)
| | - Maria Camprodon-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (D.M.-M.)
- Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.T.-S.); (M.d.-T.-R.); (G.P.-M.)
| | - David Moreno-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (D.M.-M.)
- Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.T.-S.); (M.d.-T.-R.); (G.P.-M.)
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara Lucas-Del-Pozo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.L.-D.-P.); (J.H.-V.); (M.A.-B.)
- Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marc Moltó-Abad
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, CIBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Tigri-Santiña
- Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.T.-S.); (M.d.-T.-R.); (G.P.-M.)
| | - Irene Agraz-Pamplona
- Department of Nephrology, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jose F Rodriguez-Palomares
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.L.-D.-P.); (J.H.-V.); (M.A.-B.)
- Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Armengol-Bellapart
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.L.-D.-P.); (J.H.-V.); (M.A.-B.)
- Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia del-Toro-Riera
- Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.T.-S.); (M.d.-T.-R.); (G.P.-M.)
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.T.-S.); (M.d.-T.-R.); (G.P.-M.)
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, CIBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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12
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Parenti G, Medina DL, Ballabio A. The rapidly evolving view of lysosomal storage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12836. [PMID: 33459519 PMCID: PMC7863408 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of metabolic disorders caused by deficiencies of several components of lysosomal function. Most commonly affected are lysosomal hydrolases, which are involved in the breakdown and recycling of a variety of complex molecules and cellular structures. The understanding of lysosomal biology has progressively improved over time. Lysosomes are no longer viewed as organelles exclusively involved in catabolic pathways, but rather as highly dynamic elements of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, involved in multiple cellular functions, including signaling, and able to adapt to environmental stimuli. This refined vision of lysosomes has substantially impacted on our understanding of the pathophysiology of lysosomal disorders. It is now clear that substrate accumulation triggers complex pathogenetic cascades that are responsible for disease pathology, such as aberrant vesicle trafficking, impairment of autophagy, dysregulation of signaling pathways, abnormalities of calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Novel technologies, in most cases based on high-throughput approaches, have significantly contributed to the characterization of lysosomal biology or lysosomal dysfunction and have the potential to facilitate diagnostic processes, and to enable the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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13
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Menkovic I, Boutin M, Alayoubi A, Mercier FE, Rivard GÉ, Auray-Blais C. Identification of a Reliable Biomarker Profile for the Diagnosis of Gaucher Disease Type 1 Patients Using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217869. [PMID: 33114153 PMCID: PMC7660648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder presenting a marked phenotypic and genotypic variability. GD is caused by a deficiency in the glucocerebrosidase enzyme. The diagnosis of GD remains challenging because of the large clinical spectrum associated with the disease. Moreover, GD biomarkers are often not sensitive enough and can be subject to polymorphic variations. The main objective of this study was to perform a metabolomic study using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to identify novel GD biomarkers. Following the analysis of plasma samples from patients with GD, and age- and gender-matched control samples, supervised statistical analyses were used to find the best molecules to differentiate the two groups. Targeted biomarkers were structurally elucidated using accurate mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry. This metabolomic study was successful in highlighting seven biomarkers associated with GD. Fragmentation tests revealed that these latter biomarkers were lyso-Gb1 (glucosylsphingosine) and four related analogs (with the following modifications on the sphingosine moiety: -C2H4, -H2, -H2+O, and +H2O), sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine. Based on the plasma biomarker distribution, we suggest the evaluation of this GD biomarker profile, which might facilitate early diagnosis, monitoring, and follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskren Menkovic
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Abdulfatah Alayoubi
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.A.); (F.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, University Road, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - François E. Mercier
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.A.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Georges-Étienne Rivard
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Levstek T, Vujkovac B, Trebusak Podkrajsek K. Biomarkers of Fabry Nephropathy: Review and Future Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091091. [PMID: 32962051 PMCID: PMC7564978 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive nephropathy is one of the main features of Fabry disease, which largely contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality burden of the disease. Due to the lack of specific biomarkers, the heterogeneity of the disease, and unspecific symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed. Clinical presentation in individual patients varies widely, even in patients from the same family carrying the same pathogenic GLA variant. Therefore, it is reasonable to anticipate that additional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics factors influence the manifestation and progression of the disease. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of nephropathy in Fabry patients and the biomarkers currently used in the diagnosis and follow-up. Current biomarkers are associated with late signs of kidney damage. Therefore, there is a need to identify biomarkers associated with early stages of kidney damage that would enable early diagnosis, which is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of severe irreversible complications. Recent advances in sequencing and -omics technologies have led to several studies investigating new biomarkers. We will provide an overview of the novel biomarkers, critically evaluate their clinical utility, and propose future perspectives, which we believe might be in their integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Bojan Vujkovac
- Centre for Fabry Disease, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Gosposvetska cesta 1, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia;
| | - Katarina Trebusak Podkrajsek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Diurnal Variation of Urinary Fabry Disease Biomarkers during Enzyme Replacement Therapy Cycles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176114. [PMID: 32854306 PMCID: PMC7503492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding the α-galactosidase A enzyme. This enzyme cleaves the last sugar unit of glycosphingolipids, including globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), and galabiosylceramide (Ga2). Enzyme impairment leads to substrate accumulation in different organs, vascular endothelia, and biological fluids. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a commonly used treatment. Urinary analysis of Gb3 isoforms (different fatty acid moieties), as well as lyso-Gb3 and its analogues, is a reliable way to monitor treatment. These analogues correspond to lyso-Gb3 with chemical modifications on the sphingosine moiety (−C2H4, −C2H4+O, −H2, −H2+O, +O, +H2O2, and +H2O3). The effects of sample collection time on urinary biomarker levels between ERT cycles were not previously documented. The main objective of this project was to analyze the aforementioned biomarkers in urine samples from seven Fabry disease patients (three treated males, three treated females, and one ERT-naïve male) collected twice a day (morning and evening) for 42 days (three ERT cycles). Except for one participant, our results show that the biomarker levels were generally more elevated in the evening. However, there was less variability in samples collected in the morning. No cyclic variations in biomarker levels were observed between ERT infusions.
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Metabolomic Studies of Lipid Storage Disorders, with Special Reference to Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: A Critical Review with Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072533. [PMID: 32260582 PMCID: PMC7178094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are predominantly very rare recessive autosomal neurodegenerative diseases.Sphingolipidoses, a sub-group of LSDs, result from defects in lysosomal enzymes involved in sphingolipid catabolism, and feature disrupted storage systems which trigger complex pathogenic cascades with other organelles collaterally affected. This process leads to cell dysfunction and death, particularly in the central nervous system. One valuable approach to gaining insights into the global impact of lysosomal dysfunction is through metabolomics, which represents a discovery tool for investigating disease-induced modifications in the patterns of large numbers of simultaneously-analysed metabolites, which also features the identification of biomarkers Here, the scope and applications of metabolomics strategies to the investigation of sphingolipidoses is explored in order to facilitate our understanding of the biomolecular basis of these conditions. This review therefore surveys the benefits of applying ’state-of-the-art’ metabolomics strategies, both univariate and multivariate, to sphingolipidoses, particularly Niemann-Pick type C disease. Relevant limitations of these techniques are also discussed, along with the latest advances and developments. We conclude that metabolomics strategies are highly valuable, distinctive bioanalytical techniques for probing LSDs, most especially for the detection and validation of potential biomarkers. They also show much promise for monitoring disease progression and the evaluation of therapeutic strategies and targets.
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Yee WLS, Drum CL. Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Loong Sherman Yee
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
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Mhanni A, Boutin M, Stockl F, Johnston J, Barnes J, Duerksen D, Zimmer L, Auray-Blais C, Rockman-Greenberg C. Mass Spectrometry Evaluation of Biomarkers in the Vitreous Fluid in Gaucher Disease Type 3 with Disease Progression Despite Long-Term Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020069. [PMID: 31991859 PMCID: PMC7168891 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular lesions have been infrequently reported in patients with Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). We previously reported siblings with GD3 who responded well to the combination of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Here we report progressive bilateral vitreous and preretinal deposits with declining visual acuity requiring bilateral vitrectomies in one of these siblings. These ocular manifestations had progressed despite combined ERT and SRT with improvement in visual acuity after vitrectomies. Vitrectomy fluid analysis performed for the first time by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) identified a high concentration of glucosylceramide (GluCer) in the patient (262.842 nM) compared to a sample (0.428 nM from a patient without a lysosomal storage or known hereditary metabolic disorder). The GluCer detected in our patient was resolved into 12 different isoforms including two methylated ones. No evidence of galactosylceramide (GalCer) was detected. The development of these intraocular manifestations and their characterization by UPLC-MS/MS indicate a need for ongoing ophthalmologic evaluation of all GD patients and for new therapies that can cross the blood–retinal and blood–brain barriers for patients with GD and other neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizeddin Mhanni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.B.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Frank Stockl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Janine Johnston
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jeff Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (J.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Donald Duerksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada; (J.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Leanne Zimmer
- Manitoba Association of Optometrists, Winnipeg, MB R3H0Y4, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.B.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Cairns T, Müntze J, Gernert J, Spingler L, Nordbeck P, Wanner C. Hot topics in Fabry disease. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:709-713. [PMID: 30559317 PMCID: PMC6581083 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare inborn error of the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-Gal) and results in lysosomal substrate accumulation in tissues with a wide range of clinical presentations. The disease has attracted a lot of interest over the last years, in particular since enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has become widely available in 2001. With rising awareness and rising numbers of (diagnosed) patients, physicians encounter new challenges. Over 900 α-Gal gene mutations are currently known, some with doubtful clinical significance, posing diagnostic and prognostic difficulties for the clinician and a lot of uncertainty for patients. Another challenge are patients who develop neutralising antibodies to ERT, which possibly leads to reduced therapy effectiveness. In this article, we summarise the latest developments in the science community regarding diagnostics and management of this rare lysosomal storage disorder and offer an outlook to future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cairns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Müntze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Judith Gernert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Spingler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Mussap M, Zaffanello M, Fanos V. Metabolomics: a challenge for detecting and monitoring inborn errors of metabolism. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:338. [PMID: 30306077 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Timely newborn screening and genetic profiling are crucial in early recognition and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). A proposed nosology of IEMs has inserted 1,015 well-characterized IEMs causing alterations in specific metabolic pathways. With the increasing expansion of metabolomics in clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine communities, several research groups have focused their interest on the analysis of metabolites and their interconnections in IEMs. Metabolomics has the potential to extend metabolic information, thus allowing to achieve an accurate diagnosis for the individual patient and to discover novel IEMs. Structural and functional information on 247 metabolites associated with 147 IEMs and 202 metabolic pathways involved in various IEMs have been reported in the human metabolome data base (HMDB). For each metabolic gene, a new computational approach can be developed for predicting a set of metabolites, whose concentration is predicted to change after gene knockout in urine, blood and other biological fluids. Both targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches have been used to expand the range of disease-associate metabolites. The quantitative targeted approach, in conjunction with chemometrics, can be considered a basic tool for validating known diagnostic biomarkers in various metabolic disorders. The untargeted approach broadens the identification of new biomarkers in known IEMs and allows pathways analysis. Urine is an ideal biological fluid for metabolomics in neonatology; however, the lack of standardization of preanalytical phase may generate potential interferences in metabolomic studies. The integration of genomic and metabolomic data represents the current challenge for improving diagnosis and prognostication of IEMs. The goals consist in identifying both metabolically active loci and genes relevant to a disease phenotype, which means deriving disease-specific biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Zaffanello
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Toupin A, Lavoie P, Arthus MF, Abaoui M, Boutin M, Fortier C, Ménard C, Bichet DG, Auray-Blais C. Analysis of globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3) isoforms/analogs in unfractionated leukocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes from Fabry patients using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018. [PMID: 29530250 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with marked variability in the phenotype and genotype. Glycosphingolipids such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) isoforms/analogs, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) and analogs, and galabiosylceramide (Ga2) isoforms/analogs may accumulate in biological fluids and different organs. The aims of this study were to: 1) develop/validate a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for relative quantitation of Gb3 in leukocytes (unfractionated white blood cells), B lymphocytes and monocytes; 2) evaluate these biomarkers in a cohort of Fabry patients and healthy controls; and 3) assess correlations between these biomarkers, treatment and genotype. Whole blood, plasma and urine samples from 21 Fabry patients and 20 healthy controls were analyzed. Samples were purified by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization. Methylated Gb3 isoforms were detected, showing that a methylation process occurs at the cellular level. Our results show that there were no significant differences in the distribution of the different Gb3 isoforms/analogs in blood cells between Fabry patients and healthy controls. In leukocyte, Gb3[(d18:1)(C14:0)], Gb3[(d18:1)(C16:0)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C16:0)]Me, Gb3 [(d18:1)(C16:1)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C18:0)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C18:1)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C20:1)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C24:2)], Gb3 [(d18:1)(C26:1)] and total Gb3 allowed good discrimination between male Fabry patients and male controls, patients having higher biomarker levels than controls. Regarding B lymphocytes and monocytes, the same tendency was observed without reaching statistical significance. A positive concordance between mutation types and biomarker levels in white blood cells was established. Our results might provide a deeper mechanistic comprehension of the underlying biochemical processes of Gb3 biomarkers in white blood cells of Fabry patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Toupin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CR-CHUS, Hospital Fleurimont, 3,001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CR-CHUS, Hospital Fleurimont, 3,001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CR-CHUS, Hospital Fleurimont, 3,001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CR-CHUS, Hospital Fleurimont, 3,001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Carole Fortier
- Hôpital Sacré-Coeur, Clinical Research Unit, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Claudia Ménard
- Hôpital Sacré-Coeur, Clinical Research Unit, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- Hôpital Sacré-Coeur, Clinical Research Unit, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Medicine Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CR-CHUS, Hospital Fleurimont, 3,001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Boutin M, Menkovic I, Martineau T, Vaillancourt-Lavigueur V, Toupin A, Auray-Blais C. Separation and Analysis of Lactosylceramide, Galabiosylceramide, and Globotriaosylceramide by LC-MS/MS in Urine of Fabry Disease Patients. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13382-13390. [PMID: 29099167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-galactosidase A (α-GAL A) deficiency. This enzyme contributes to the cellular recycling of glycosphingolipids such as galabiosylceramide (Ga2), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) by hydrolyzing the terminal α-galactosyl moiety. Urine and plasma α-GAL A substrates are currently analyzed as biomarkers for the detection, monitoring, and follow-up of Fabry disease patients. The sensitivity of the analysis of Ga2 is decreased by the co-analysis of its structural isomer, lactosylceramide (LacCer), which is not an α-GAL A substrate. A normal-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methodology, allowing the baseline separation of 12 Ga2 isoforms/analogues from their lactosylceramide counterparts, was developed and validated in urine. The method was multiplexed with the analysis of 12 Gb3 isoforms/analogues having the same fatty acid moieties as those of Ga2 for comparison, and with creatinine for sample normalization. Urine samples were studied from 34 untreated and 33 Fabry males treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and 54 untreated and 19 ERT-treated Fabry females, along with 34 male and 25 female healthy controls. The chromatographic separation of Ga2 from LacCer increased the sensitivity of analysis, especially in women. One untreated Fabry female and two treated Fabry females presented abnormal levels of Ga2 but normal levels of Gb3, supporting the importance of analyzing Ga2, in addition to Gb3. Our results show that urine LacCer levels from females were significantly higher than those from males. Moreover, LacCer levels were not affected by Fabry disease for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Iskren Menkovic
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Tristan Martineau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Vanessa Vaillancourt-Lavigueur
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Amanda Toupin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Barrientos RC, Vu N, Zhang Q. Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2330-2343. [PMID: 28831744 PMCID: PMC5647240 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodell C Barrientos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Ngoc Vu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Biomarkers and Imaging Findings of Anderson-Fabry Disease-What We Know Now. Diseases 2017; 5:diseases5020015. [PMID: 28933368 PMCID: PMC5547982 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, caused by deficiency or absence of the alpha-galactosidase A activity, with a consequent glycosphingolipid accumulation. Biomarkers and imaging findings may be useful for diagnosis, identification of an organ involvement, therapy monitoring and prognosis. The aim of this article is to review the current available literature on biomarkers and imaging findings of AFD patients. An extensive bibliographic review from PubMed, Medline and Clinical Key databases was performed by a group of experts from nephrology, neurology, genetics, cardiology and internal medicine, aiming for consensus. Lyso-GB3 is a valuable biomarker to establish the diagnosis. Proteinuria and creatinine are the most valuable to detect renal damage. Troponin I and high-sensitivity assays for cardiac troponin T can identify patients with cardiac lesions, but new techniques of cardiac imaging are essential to detect incipient damage. Specific cerebrovascular imaging findings are present in AFD patients. Techniques as metabolomics and proteomics have been developed in order to find an AFD fingerprint. Lyso-GB3 is important for evaluating the pathogenic mutations and monitoring the response to treatment. Many biomarkers can detect renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular involvement, but none of these have proved to be important to monitoring the response to treatment. Imaging features are preferred in order to find cardiac and cerebrovascular compromise in AFD patients.
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Auray-Blais C, Lavoie P, Boutin M, Abaoui M. High-Risk Screening for Fabry Disease: Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ) in Urine Collected on Filter Paper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 93:17.26.1-17.26.12. [PMID: 28384397 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a complex, panethnic lysosomal storage disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in tissues, organs, the vascular endothelium, and biological fluids. The reported incidence in different populations is quite variable, ranging from 1:1400 to 1:117,000. Its complexity lies in the marked genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite the fact that it is an X-linked disease, more than 600 mutations affect both males and females. In fact, some females may be affected as severely as males. The purpose of this protocol is to focus on the high-risk screening of patients who might have Fabry disease using a simple, rapid, non-invasive high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) analysis. Urine filter paper samples are easily collected at home by patients and sent by regular mail. This method has been successfully used for high-risk screening of patients with ophthalmologic manifestations and in an on-going study for high-risk screening of Fabry disease in patients with chronic kidney diseases. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Integrative Systems Biology Investigation of Fabry Disease. Diseases 2016; 4:diseases4040035. [PMID: 28933415 PMCID: PMC5456327 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by a deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) and is characterised by intra-lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). We performed a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications including high-throughput omics technologies including naïve patients and those undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This study describes FD on a systems level using a systems biology approach, in which molecular data sourced from multi-omics studies is extracted from the literature and integrated as a whole in order to reveal the biochemical processes and molecular pathways potentially affected by the dysregulation of differentially expressed molecules. In this way new insights are provided that describe the pathophysiology of this rare disease. Using gene ontology and pathway term clustering, FD displays the involvement of major biological processes such as the acute inflammatory response, regulation of wound healing, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, regulation of peptidase activity, and cellular response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Differential expression of acute-phase response proteins in the groups of naïve (up-regulation of ORM1, ORM2, ITIH4, SERPINA3 and FGA) and ERT (down-regulation of FGA, ORM1 and ORM2) patients could be potential hallmarks for distinction of these two patient groups.
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Piras D, Locci E, Palmas F, Ferino G, Fanos V, Noto A, D’aloja E, Finco G. Rare disease: a focus on metabolomics. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1252671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abaoui M, Boutin M, Lavoie P, Auray-Blais C. High-Risk Screening of Fabry Disease: Analysis of Fifteen Urinary Methylated and Non-Methylated Gb 3 Isoforms Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2016; 91:17.24.1-17.24.11. [PMID: 27727434 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a multisystemic, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, leading to α-galactosidase A deficiency and resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different tissues and biological fluids. Glycosphingolipid biomarkers, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) isoforms, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3 ) and related analogs, and galabiosylceramide (Ga2 ) isoforms and analogs, are found to be abnormally increased in urine and in plasma of Fabry patients and have the potential to be used as specific biomarkers of the disease. This unit presents a protocol for the relative quantification of fifteen urinary isoforms of Gb3 analyzed simultaneously with creatinine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In order to purify urine samples, a liquid-liquid extraction is performed and samples are analyzed by MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. These biomarkers are useful for screening, diagnosis, and long-term monitoring of Fabry disease patients. We have shown that the methylated Gb3 isoforms are particularly useful for screening Fabry patients who present with late-onset cardiac variant mutations. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Kuchař L, Asfaw B, Rybová J, Ledvinová J. Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Sphingolipids: Applications for Diagnosis of Sphingolipidoses. Adv Clin Chem 2016; 77:177-219. [PMID: 27717417 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the dominant technology in lipidomic analysis. It is widely used in diagnosis and research of lipid metabolism disorders including those characterized by impairment of lysosomal functions and storage of nondegraded-degraded substrates. These rare diseases, which include sphingolipidoses, have severe and often fatal clinical consequences. Modern MS methods have contributed significantly to achieve a definitive diagnosis, which is essential in clinical practice to begin properly targeted patient care. Here we summarize MS and tandem MS methods used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of sphingolipids (SL) relative to the diagnostic process for sphingolipidoses and studies focusing on alterations in cell functions due to these disorders. This review covers the following topics: Tandem MS is sensitive and robust in determining the composition of sphingolipid classes in various biological materials. Its ability to establish SL metabolomic profiles using MS bench-top analyzers, significantly benefits the first stages of a diagnosis as well as metabolic studies of these disorders. It can thus contribute to a better understanding of the biological significance of SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kuchař
- Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - B Asfaw
- Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Rybová
- Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Ledvinová
- Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Relative distribution of Gb3 isoforms/analogs in NOD/SCID/Fabry mice tissues determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1793-807. [PMID: 27523577 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder leading to glycosphingolipid accumulation in different organs, tissues and biological fluids. The development of a Fabry disease gene therapy trial is underway in Canada. A tool to determine the distribution of Gb3 biomarkers in tissues of Fabry mice might be applicable to monitor the effect of gene therapy. Results & methodology: An ultra-performance LC-MS/MS (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of 22 Gb3 isoform/analogs in various Fabry mice tissues was developed and validated. Marked variation in biomarker organ distribution was found with higher levels in the spleen, followed by the small intestine, kidneys, lungs, heart, liver and brain. CONCLUSION The devised method is sensitive and useful for the evaluation of biomarker profiles in Fabry mice.
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Boutin M, Lavoie P, Abaoui M, Auray-Blais C. Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantitation of Lyso-Gb3 and Six Related Analogs in Plasma for Fabry Disease Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 90:17.23.1-17.23.9. [PMID: 27367163 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficit in α-galactosidase A enzyme activity, leading to the storage of sphingolipids such as globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3 ), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ), and galabiosylceramide (Ga2 ) in organs, tissues and biological fluids. A recent metabolomic study performed in plasma revealed lyso-Gb3 analogs as novel Fabry disease biomarkers. These molecules correspond to lyso-Gb3 with different chemical modifications on the sphingosine chain (-C2 H4 , -H2 , +O, +H2 O, +H2 O2, and +H2 O3 ). An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the multiplex analysis of lyso-Gb3 and its 6 analogs in plasma. The samples are prepared by solid phase extraction using mixed-mode strong cation exchange (MCX) cartridges. An in-house synthesized N-glycinated lyso-Gb3 derivative was used for the internal standard. The limits of detection (LODs) measured for lyso-Gb3 and its analogs ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 nM. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Lavoie P, Boutin M, Abaoui M, Auray-Blais C. Fabry Disease Biomarkers: Analysis of Urinary Lyso-Gb3 and Seven Related Analogs Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 90:17.22.1-17.22.12. [PMID: 27367162 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the absence or reduction of the enzyme α-galactosidase A activity. Currently, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3 ) and globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) are used as biomarkers to diagnose and monitor Fabry patients. However, recent metabolomic studies have shown that several glycosphingolipids are also elevated in biological fluids of affected patients and may be related to disease manifestations. This unit describes a multiplex methodology targeting the analysis of urinary lyso-Gb3 and seven structurally related analogs. A solid-phase extraction process is performed, then lyso-Gb3 and its analogs are analyzed simultaneously with an internal standard by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) system. This methodology can be useful for the diagnosis of Fabry patients, including patients with cardiac variant mutations, but also to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, considering that lyso-Gb3 analogs are more elevated than lyso-Gb3 itself in urine. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Alharbi FJ, Geberhiwot T, Hughes DA, Ward DG. A Novel Rapid MALDI-TOF-MS-Based Method for Measuring Urinary Globotriaosylceramide in Fabry Patients. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:719-725. [PMID: 26797827 PMCID: PMC4792351 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of α-galactosidase A, resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various organs. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and its isoforms and analogues have been identified and quantified as biomarkers of disease severity and treatment efficacy. The current study aimed to establish rapid methods for urinary Gb3 extraction and quantitation. Urine samples from 15 Fabry patients and 21 healthy control subjects were processed to extract Gb3 by mixing equal volumes of urine, methanol containing an internal standard, and chloroform followed by sonication and centrifugation. Thereafter, the lower phase was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and the relative peak areas of the internal standard and four major species of Gb3 determined. The results showed high reproducibility with intra- and inter-assay coefficients variation of 9.9% and 13.7%, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.15 ng/μL and the limit of quantitation was 0.30 ng/μL. Total urinary Gb3 levels in both genders of classic Fabry patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Gb3 levels in Fabry males were higher than in Fabry females (p = 0.08). We have established a novel assay for urinary total Gb3 that takes less than 15 min from start to finish. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad J Alharbi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TH, England
| | - Derralynn A Hughes
- Department of Haematology, Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, England
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England.
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Boutin M, Sun Y, Shacka JJ, Auray-Blais C. Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multiplex Analysis of Glucosylceramide and Galactosylceramide Isoforms in Brain Tissues at Different Stages of Parkinson Disease. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1856-63. [PMID: 26735924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a decreased activity of the glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme in brain tissues. The objective of this study was to determine if GCase deficiency is associated with the accumulation of its glucosylceramide (GluCer) substrate in PD brain tissues. An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed, optimized, and validated for the multiplex analysis of GluCer isoforms (C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:1, and C24:0) in brain tissue samples. These molecules were chromatographically separated from their isobaric galactosylceramide (GalCer) counterparts using normal phase chromatography. The analysis was performed by tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. Limits of detection ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 nmol/g brain tissue were established for the different GluCer isoforms analyzed. For the first time, GluCer isoform levels were analyzed in temporal cortex brain tissue samples from 26 PD patients who were divided into three PD disease stages (IIa, III, and IV) according to the Unified Staging System for Lewy Body Disorders. These specimens were compared with brain tissue samples from 12 controls and 6 patients with Incidental Lewy Body Disease. No significant GluCer concentration differences were observed between the 5 sample groups. The GluCer isoform levels were also normalized with their matching GalCer isoforms. The normalized results showed a trend for GluCer levels which increased with PD severity. However, the differences observed between the groups were not significant, owing likely to the high standard deviations measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada , J1H 5N4
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , R Building Room1401, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - John J Shacka
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Pathology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham , 1670 University Boulevard, VH G019H, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Birmingham VA Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada , J1H 5N4
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Abaoui M, Boutin M, Lavoie P, Auray-Blais C. Tandem mass spectrometry multiplex analysis of methylated and non-methylated urinary Gb3 isoforms in Fabry disease patients. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:191-8. [PMID: 26593248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder leading to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in biological fluids and tissues. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) are currently used for Fabry screening and diagnosis. However, these biomarkers are not always increased in Fabry patients with residual enzyme activity. We recently identified 7 urinary methylated Gb3-related isoforms. The aims of this study were (1) to develop and validate a novel LC-MS/MS method for the relative quantification of methylated and non-methylated Gb3 isoforms normalized to creatinine, (2) to evaluate these biomarkers in Fabry patients and healthy controls, and (3) to assess correlations between biomarker urinary excretion with age, gender, treatment and genotype of patients. METHODS Urine samples from 150 Fabry patients and 95 healthy controls were analyzed. Samples were purified and injected in the tandem mass spectrometer working in positive electrospray ionization. Relative quantification was performed for 15 methylated and non-methylated Gb3 isoforms. RESULTS Significant correlations (p<0.001) were established between Gb3 isoform concentrations, gender and treatment. Five patients with the late-onset cardiac mutation p.N215S showed abnormal concentrations of methylated Gb3 isoforms compared to their non-methylated homologues. CONCLUSIONS Methylated Gb3 isoforms might be helpful urinary biomarkers for Fabry patients with late-onset cardiac variant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abaoui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Spacil Z, Babu Kumar A, Liao HC, Auray-Blais C, Stark S, Suhr TR, Scott CR, Turecek F, Gelb MH. Sulfatide Analysis by Mass Spectrometry for Screening of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Dried Blood and Urine Samples. Clin Chem 2015; 62:279-86. [PMID: 26585924 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.245159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency in arylsulfatase A activity, leading to accumulation of sulfatide substrates. Diagnostic and monitoring procedures include demonstration of reduced arylsulfatase A activity in peripheral blood leukocytes or detection of sulfatides in urine. However, the development of a screening test is challenging because of instability of the enzyme in dried blood spots (DBS), the widespread occurrence of pseudodeficiency alleles, and the lack of available urine samples from newborn screening programs. METHODS We measured individual sulfatide profiles in DBS and dried urine spots (DUS) from MLD patients with LC-MS/MS to identify markers with the discriminatory power to differentiate affected individuals from controls. We also developed a method for converting all sulfatide molecular species into a single species, allowing quantification in positive-ion mode upon derivatization. RESULTS In DBS from MLD patients, we found up to 23.2-fold and 5.1-fold differences in total sulfatide concentrations for early- and late-onset MLD, respectively, compared with controls and pseudodeficiencies. Corresponding DUS revealed up to 164-fold and 78-fold differences for early- and late-onset MLD patient samples compared with controls. The use of sulfatides converted to a single species simplified the analysis and increased detection sensitivity in positive-ion mode, providing a second option for sulfatide analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study of sulfatides in DBS and DUS suggests the feasibility of the mass spectrometry method for newborn screening of MLD and sets the stage for a larger-scale newborn screening pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, and Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samantha Stark
- National Referral Laboratory, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
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Ferreira S, Auray-Blais C, Boutin M, Lavoie P, Nunes JP, Martins E, Garman S, Oliveira JP. Variations in the GLA gene correlate with globotriaosylceramide and globotriaosylsphingosine analog levels in urine and plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:96-104. [PMID: 26070511 PMCID: PMC4793778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have shown that lyso-Gb3, the deacylated derivative of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease (FD) and might be a clinically useful biomarker of its metabolic load. To test this hypothesis, we assayed Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 and related analogs in plasma and/or urine samples of 12 clinically well-characterized subjects carrying several different GLA variant alleles associated with a wide range of residual α-galactosidase A activities. Urinary Gb3 was measured by HPLC-MS/MS; plasma and urinary lyso-Gb3 and related analogs were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Individual profiles of Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 and related analogs closely correlated with the phenotypic data for each subject, discerning the classical FD patient from the two patients carrying cardiac variants as well as those from all the others without FD. The lyso-Gb3 analog at m/z 836 was found at increased levels only in patients manifesting clinically severe heart disease, irrespective of the pathogenicity of the GLA variant they carried. This finding suggests that this lyso-Gb3 analog might be an earlier biomarker of progressive heart disease, non-specific of the FD cardiomyopathy. The possibility that urinary Gb3 is a specific marker of kidney involvement in FD deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - José Pedro Nunes
- Service of Cardiology, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Martins
- Service of Cardiology, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Scott Garman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - João Paulo Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Medical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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