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Jenčič B, Pongrac P, Vasić M, Starič P, Kelemen M, Regvar M. Gold-Assisted Molecular Imaging of Organic Tissue by MeV Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2358-2364. [PMID: 37682634 PMCID: PMC10557134 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of molecular imaging by means of MeV primary ion-induced secondary ion mass spectrometry by coating with gold was evaluated on different reference organic molecules and plant samples. The enhancement of the secondary ion yield was evident for the majority of the studied analytes, reaching the highest values at gold thicknesses between 0.5 and 2 nm, and increased the intensity up to 5-fold for reference samples and >2-fold for specific peaks within the plant sample. Improved propagation of the electric field due to the target potential on otherwise electrically insulating plant samples was also evident through improved image resolution and by reducing the background in mass spectra. However, detection of several molecules was significantly decreased at even at 1 nm thick gold layer. The results indicated that an optimized sequence of analysis is required to reliably interpret results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jenčič
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical
Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Vasić
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef
Stefan Institute Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pia Starič
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical
Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef
Stefan Institute Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Biotechnical
Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Cutroneo M, Hnatowicz V, Mackova A, Malinsky P, Miksova R, Ceccio G, Maly J, Smejkal J, Štofik M, Havranek V. Ion Lithography of Single Ions Irradiation for Spatially Regular Arrays of Pores in Membranes of Polyethylene Terephthalate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3927. [PMID: 36432215 PMCID: PMC9697708 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Routinely, in membrane technology, the decay from radioactive particles or the bombardment of ions with MeV energy per nucleon have been employed for the production of narrow and long pores in membranes. Presently, the ion lithography is proposed to make the fabrication cost more affordable. It is prospective for the use of medium capacity accelerators making more feasible the fabrication of customized membranes. Thin polyethylene terephthalate foils have been patterned using 12 MeV O5+ ions and then processed to obtain good aspect ratio ion track pores in membranes. Pores of micrometric diameter with the following profiles were fabricated in the membranes: truncated cone, double conical, ideal cone, and cylindrical. Monitoring of the shape and size of pores has been attempted with a combination of Scanning Transmission Ion Microscope and a newly designed simulation program. This study is focused on the use of low-energy ions, accomplished in all laboratories, for the fabrication of membranes where the pores are not randomly traced and exhibit higher surface density and negligible overlapping than in membranes commonly manufactured. The good reproducibility and the ordered pore locations can be potentially utilized in applications such as microfluidics and organ-on-chip microsystems, where cells growing over porous substrates are used in simulation of biological barriers and transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Mackova
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of J. E. Purkyně, Pasteurova 3544/1, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Malinsky
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of J. E. Purkyně, Pasteurova 3544/1, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Miksova
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Ceccio
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maly
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Smejkal
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havranek
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
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Kreft I, Germ M, Golob A, Vombergar B, Vollmannová A, Kreft S, Luthar Z. Phytochemistry, Bioactivities of Metabolites, and Traditional Uses of Fagopyrum tataricum. Molecules 2022; 27:7101. [PMID: 36296694 PMCID: PMC9611693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the edible parts are mainly grain and sprouts. Tartary buckwheat contains protecting substances, which make it possible for plants to survive on high altitudes and under strong natural ultraviolet radiation. The diversity and high content of phenolic substances are important for Tartary buckwheat to grow and reproduce under unfriendly environmental effects, diseases, and grazing. These substances are mainly flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, vitexin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate), phenolic acids, fagopyrins, and emodin. Synthesis of protecting substances depends on genetic layout and on the environmental conditions, mainly UV radiation and temperature. Flavonoids and their glycosides are among Tartary buckwheat plants bioactive metabolites. Flavonoids are compounds of special interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential in preventing tiredness, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. During the processing and production of food items, Tartary buckwheat metabolites are subjected to molecular transformations. The main Tartary buckwheat traditional food products are bread, groats, and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Depth profiling of Cr-ITO dual-layer sample with secondary ion mass spectrometry using MeV ions in the low energy region. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11611. [PMID: 35804184 PMCID: PMC9270474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of depth profiling of inorganic materials with Megaelectron Volt Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using low energy primary ions (LE MeV SIMS), specifically 555 keV Cu2+, while etching the surface with 1 keV Ar+ ions. This is demonstrated on a dual-layer sample consisting of 50 nm Cr layer deposited on 150 nm In2O5Sn (ITO) glass. These materials proved to have sufficient secondary ion yield in previous studies using copper ions with energies of several hundred keV. LE MeV SIMS and keV SIMS depth profiles of Cr-ITO dual-layer are compared and corroborated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA). The results show the potential of LE MeV SIMS depth profiling of inorganic multilayer systems in accelerator facilities equipped with MeV SIMS setup and a fairly simple sputtering source.
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Jeromel L, Ogrinc N, Siketić Z, Vavpetič P, Rupnik Z, Bučar K, Jenčič B, Kelemen M, Vencelj M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kovač J, Heeren RMA, Flinders B, Cuypers E, Barba Ž, Pelicon P. Molecular imaging of humain hair with MeV-SIMS: A case study of cocaine detection and distribution in the hair of a cocaine user. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263338. [PMID: 35333862 PMCID: PMC8956162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair absorbs numerous biomolecules from the body during its growth. This can act as a fingerprint to determine substance intake of an individual, which can be useful in forensic studies. The cocaine concentration profile along the growth axis of hair indicates the time evolution of the metabolic incorporation of cocaine usage. It could be either assessed by chemical extraction and further analysis of hair bundels, or by direct single hair fibre analysis with mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI). Within this work, we analyzed the cocaine distribution in individual hair samples using MeV-SIMS. Unlike conventional surface analysis methods, we demonstrate high yields of nonfragmented molecular ions from the surface of biological materials, resulting in high chemical sensitivity and non-destructive characterisation. Hair samples were prepared by longitudinally cutting along the axis of growth, leaving half-cylindrical shape to access the interior structure of the hair by the probing ion beam, and attached to the silicon wafer. A focused 5.8 MeV 35Cl6+ beam was scanned across the intact, chemically pristine hair structure. A non-fragmented protonated [M+ H]+ cocaine molecular peak at m/z = 304 was detected and localized along the cross-section of the hair. Its intensity exhibits strong fluctuations along the direction of the hair’s growth, with pronounced peaks as narrow as 50 micrometres, corresponding to a metabolic incorporation time of approx. three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Ogrinc
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven Toxicology & Pharmacology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Žiga Barba
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Ekar J, Panjan P, Drev S, Kovač J. ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Alloy Multilayers in Atmospheres of H 2, C 2H 2, CO, and O 2. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:31-44. [PMID: 34936371 PMCID: PMC8739835 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the flooding gas during ToF-SIMS depth profiling was studied to reduce the matrix effect and improve the quality of the depth profiles. The profiles were measured on three multilayered samples prepared by PVD. They were composed of metal, metal oxide, and alloy layers. Dual-beam depth profiling was performed with 1 keV Cs+ and 1 keV O2+ sputter beams and analyzed with a Bi+ primary beam. The novelty of this work was the application of H2, C2H2, CO, and O2 atmospheres during SIMS depth profiling. Negative cluster secondary ions, formed from sputtered metals/metal oxides and the flooding gases, were analyzed. A systematic comparison and evaluation of the ToF-SIMS depth profiles were performed regarding the matrix effect, ionization probability, chemical sensitivity, sputtering rate, and depth resolution. We found that depth profiling in the C2H2, CO, and O2 atmospheres has some advantages over UHV depth profiling, but it still lacks some of the information needed for an unambiguous determination of multilayered structures. The ToF-SIMS depth profiles were significantly improved during H2 flooding in terms of matrix-effect reduction. The structures of all the samples were clearly resolved while measuring the intensity of the MnHm-, MnOm-, MnOmH-, and Mn- cluster secondary ions. A further decrease in the matrix effect was obtained by normalization of the measured signals. The use of H2 is proposed for the depth profiling of metal/metal oxide multilayers and alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Ekar
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Panjan
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Drev
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center
for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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de Jesus JM, Costa C, Burton A, Palitsin V, Webb R, Taylor A, Nikula C, Dexter A, Kaya F, Chambers M, Dartois V, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J, Bailey MJ. Correlative Imaging of Trace Elements and Intact Molecular Species in a Single-Tissue Sample at the 50 μm Scale. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13450-13458. [PMID: 34597513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elemental and molecular imaging play a crucial role in understanding disease pathogenesis. To accurately correlate elemental and molecular markers, it is desirable to perform sequential elemental and molecular imaging on a single-tissue section. However, very little is known about the impact of performing these measurements in sequence. In this work, we highlight some of the challenges and successes associated with performing elemental mapping in sequence with mass spectrometry imaging. Specifically, the feasibility of molecular mapping using the mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) in sequence with the elemental mapping technique particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is explored. Challenges for integration include substrate compatibility, as well as delocalization and spectral changes. We demonstrate that while sequential imaging comes with some compromises, sequential DESI-PIXE imaging is sufficient to correlate sulfur, iron, and lipid markers in a single tissue section at the 50 μm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catia Costa
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Amy Burton
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Vladimir Palitsin
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Roger Webb
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Adam Taylor
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Chelsea Nikula
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Alex Dexter
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Firat Kaya
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark 07102, United States
| | - Mark Chambers
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Veronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark 07102, United States
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA U.K.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Melanie J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
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Brajković M, Bogdanović Radović I, Barac M, Cosic DD, Siketić Z. Imaging of Organic Samples with Megaelectron Volt Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Capillary Microprobe. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2567-2572. [PMID: 34520664 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF SIMS) with MeV primary ions offers a fine balance between secondary ion yield for molecules in the mass range from 100 to 1000 Da and beam spot size, both of which are critical for imaging applications of organic samples. Using conically shaped glass capillaries with an exit diameter of a few micrometers, a high energy heavy primary beam can be collimated to less than 10 μm. In this work, imaging capabilities of such a setup are presented for some organic samples (leucine-evaporated mesh, fly wing section, ink deposited on paper). Lateral resolution measurement and molecular distributions of selected mass peaks are shown. The negative influence of the beam halo, an unavoidable characteristic of primary beam collimation with a conical capillary, is also discussed. A new start trigger for TOF measurements based on the detection of secondary electrons released by the primary ion is presented. This method is applicable for a continuous primary ion beam, and for thick targets that are not transparent to the primary ion beam. The solution preserves the good mass resolution of the thin target setup, where the detection of primary ions with a PIN diode is used for a start trigger, reduces the background, and enables a wide range of samples to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Brajković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marko Barac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zdravko Siketić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Jenčič B, Vavpetič P, Kelemen M, Pelicon P. Secondary Ion Yield and Fragmentation of Biological Molecules by Employing 35Cl Primary Ions within the MeV Energy Domain. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:117-123. [PMID: 32881522 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MeV-SIMS is an emerging mass spectrometry imaging method that employs fast, heavy ions to desorb secondary molecules from the analyzed sample. High yields and low fragmentation rates of large molecules, associated with the dominating electronic sputtering process, make it particularly useful in biomedical research, where insight into the distribution of organic molecules is vital. Both yield and fragmentation of desorbed molecules in MeV-SIMS rely on characteristics of the primary ion but may also be impaired by poor instrumental settings. After utilizing secondary ion optics in the linear mass spectrometer at the micro-analytical center of the Jožef Stefan Institute, we demonstrate very efficient detection of secondary ions. As a result, the secondary ion yield, using such settings, solely depends on the species and the characteristics of the primary ion. In order to analyze the yield dependence on the primary ion energy, and the corresponding stopping power within the electronic excitation regime, we used a continuous electron multiplier detector to measure the primary ion current during each measurement of the mass spectra. Secondary ion yield as a function of the primary ion energy and charge is presented as well as fragmentation rates of organic molecules arginine and leu-enkephalin. Other influential instrumental drawbacks are also studied, and their effect on the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jenčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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