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Kouniba S, Benbiyi A, Zourif A, EL Guendouzi M. Optimization use of watermelon rind in the coagulation-flocculation process by Box Behnken design for copper, zinc, and turbidity removal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30823. [PMID: 38779009 PMCID: PMC11108825 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Watermelon rinds were investigated as a bio-coagulant for treating water contaminated by metals and turbidity, owing to their biodegradability and greater environmental friendliness compared to chemical coagulants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy paired with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction characterized the watermelon rinds before and after use. A Box-Behnken experimental design optimized the most influential parameters of initial pH, coagulant dose, and particle size based on response surface methodology. This analysis revealed the experimental data fit quadratic polynomial models, achieving maximum removal efficiencies of 97.51 % for zinc, 99.88 % for copper, and 99.21 % for turbidity under optimal conditions. Statistical analysis confirmed the models effectively captured the experimental data. Analysis of variance denoted the high significance of the quadratic effects of dose and pH. Removal of metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ was significantly impacted by these factors. The watermelon rind powder retained its coagulation efficiency after five cycles of reuse, with removal rates of 80.04 % for Zn, 88.33 % for Cu and 86.24 % for turbidity. These results demonstrate the potential of watermelon rind as an alternative coagulant for wastewater treatment. Further testing on real industrial effluents at larger scales would help assess their feasibility for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kouniba
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material & Catalysis LCPMC, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II-Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Benbiyi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material & Catalysis LCPMC, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II-Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ali Zourif
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material & Catalysis LCPMC, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II-Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed EL Guendouzi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Material & Catalysis LCPMC, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II-Casablanca, Morocco
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Dokania P, Maity S, Patil PB, Sarkar A. Isothermal and Kinetics Modeling Approach for the Bioremediation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metal Ions Using a Novel Biosorbent Acalypha wilkesiana (Copperleaf) Leaves. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2487-2517. [PMID: 37656353 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of trace metals in wastewater brings serious environmental pollution that threatens human health as well as the ecosystem throughout the world due to their non-biodegradability nature. The present study focuses on the bioremediation of toxic trace metals, namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr), using Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass. The optimization of various process variables was done to determine the removal percentage of trace metal using Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass, and the optimum conditions were an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g, contact time 10 h, 8 h, and 10 h, process temperature 30 °C, initial concentration of trace metal as 30 µg/L, 30 mg//L, and 40 mg/L, and pH of 7.5, 7 and 7.5 for As5+, and Cd2+ and Cr6+, respectively. Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass is characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential before and after adsorption of the trace metal ions. The study was well fitted for the equilibrium data for Langmuir isotherm for As5+, Cd2+, and Cr6+, Freundlich for As5+, Dubinin-Radushkevinch (D-R) for Cr6+, and Temkin for As5+ and Cr6+. The adsorption of all three trace metals was confirmed by the kinetics and thermodynamic studies to be following pseudo-second-order kinetics with endothermic as well as spontaneous processes, respectively. Thus, the present study indicates Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass as an effective and efficient novel biosorbent to remediate different trace metals from aqueous systems with its possible application in existing and novel methods for wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dokania
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sourav Maity
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Bajirao Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Maity S, Bajirao Patil P, SenSharma S, Sarkar A. Bioremediation of heavy metals from the aqueous environment using Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) seed as a novel biosorbent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136115. [PMID: 35995185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is an environment-friendly and economic technique to remediate heavy metals from aqueous systems. In the present study, Artocarpus heterophyllus seed powder was used as a biosorbent material to remove different heavy metals. The batch adsorption studies confirmed the higher removal percentage of the Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) seed powder for arsenic (As5+), cadmium (Cd2+), and chromium (Cr6+) while lower efficiency was observed for other heavy metals like copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and nickel (Ni2+). Optimization of different process parameters was carried out and the optimum conditions were: adsorbent weight of 0.5 g for the initial concentration of heavy metals as 40 μg/L, 30 mg/L, and 30 mg/L; contact time of 10 h, 8 h, and 6 h; process temperature from 25 to 30 °C; pH of 7, 7.5, and 7.5 for As5+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ respectively. The SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD studies before and after adsorption of heavy metals resulted in affirmative observations. The equilibrium data of the study was well fitted for Langmuir isotherm for As5+, Cd2+, and Cr6+, Freundlich for As5+and Cr6+, Dubinin-Radushkevich for Cd2+and Cr6+. The kinetic and thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption of all three heavy metals was following the pseudo-second-order kinetics with the endothermic and spontaneous process respectively. The cost analysis of the process confirmed that the whole process was cost-effective compared to other processes. Hence the Artocarpus heterophyllus seed powder was verified for its high heavy metal remediation efficiency from aqueous environments along with the added advantages of being eco-friendly and economic compared to other alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maity
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - Pritam Bajirao Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - Sreemoyee SenSharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Awokoya KN, Oninla VO, Adeyinka GC, Ajadi MO, Chidimma OT, Fakola EG, Akinyele OF. Experimental and computational studies of microwave-assisted watermelon rind – styrene based molecular imprinted polymer for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solution. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chandarana H, Senthil Kumar P, Seenuvasan M, Anil Kumar M. Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic investigations of methylene blue dye removal using Casuarina equisetifolia pines. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131480. [PMID: 34265726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia pines are degradable biopolymeric substance with dye-sequestering property was utilized as biosorbent to expel a cationic dye; methylene blue dye from simulated wastewater. The prepared adsorbent material was characterized for their structural, morphological and elemental features to understand their suitability in augmenting in dye-wastewater remediation. The results infer that 0.5 g/L biosorbent was proficient in removing 100 mg/L methylene blue (pH 7.0 ± 0.2) when agitated at 150 rpm for 120 min. Isothermal behavior were evaluated using non-linear isotherm models like Temkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models while the rate-limiting steps were found using kinetic models. Temkin isotherm and pseudo-first order model explained the removal mechanism among the models evaluated, which infers that the biosorption followed physisorption with the maximum adsorption capacity of 41.35 mg/g. Thermodynamic behavior of methylene blue removal by C. equisetifolia pines powder described the feasibility of biosorption as well as the type of heat involved. Equilibrium sorption capacities, rate constants and correlation coefficients explains that MB dye removal by C. equisetifolia pines is presumably physisorption, spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helly Chandarana
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthulingam Seenuvasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Guo S, Kumar Awasthi M, Wang Y, Xu P. Current understanding in conversion and application of tea waste biomass: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125530. [PMID: 34271498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing consumption of tea and its extracts, the amount of tea waste grows rapidly, which not only results in huge biomass loss, but also increases environmental stress. In past years, interest has been attracted on utilization of tea waste biomass, and a lot of work has been carried out. This review summarized the progress in conversion of tea waste by thermo-chemical and biological technologies and analyzed the property of the derived products and their performance in applications. It was found that biochar derived from tea waste had relatively large surface area, porous structures, and abundant functional groups, and could be used as bio-adsorbents and catalysts and electrochemical energy storage, while the cost of its largescale production should be evaluated. Profoundly, biological conversion, including ensiling and composting, was suggested to be an effective way to develop the tea waste biomass in practice due to its low-cost and specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Rana A, Sindhu M, Kumar A, Dhaka RK, Chahar M, Singh S, Nain L. Restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soil and water through biosorbents: A review of current understanding and future challenges. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:394-417. [PMID: 33724481 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil and water is a potential threat to human health as it renders food quality substandard. Different biosorbents such as microbial and agricultural biomass have been exploited for heavy metal immobilization in soil and sorptive removal in waters. Biosorption is an effective and sustainable method for heavy metal removal in soil and water, but the inherent challenges are to find cheap, selective, robust, and cost-effective bioadsorbents. Microbial and agricultural biomass and their modified forms such as nanocomposites and carbonaceous materials (viz., biochar, nanobiochar, biocarbon), might be useful for sequestration of heavy metals in soil via adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and enzymatic transformation mechanisms. In this review, potential biosorbents and their metal removal capacity in soil and water are discussed. The microbial adsorbents and modified composites of agricultural biomasses show improved performance, stability, reusability, and effectively immobilize heavy metals from soil and water. In the future, researchers may consider the modified composites, encapsulated biosorbents for soil and water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Meena Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Dhaka
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, and Centre for Bio-Nanotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Madhvi Chahar
- Department of food quality and safety, Institute of Post Harvest, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Research Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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8
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Husein DZ, Hassanien R, Khamis M. Cadmium oxide nanoparticles/graphene composite: synthesis, theoretical insights into reactivity and adsorption study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27027-27041. [PMID: 35480026 PMCID: PMC9037664 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based metal oxide nanocomposites are interesting and promising kinds of nanocomposites due to their large specific area, fast kinetics, and specific affinity towards heavy metal contaminants. In this work, a facile and cost-effective route was used to synthesize CdO nanoparticles (CdO NPs) and graphene-based CdO nanocomposite (G-CdO). The prepared nanomaterials were characterized and explored for lead removal from water. Both CdO NPs and G-CdO composite exhibited excellent sorption capacity of 427 and 398 mg g-1, respectively, at pH 4.8 and T = 298 K, which was superior to individual graphene and many other adsorbents. The results indicated that the recovered nanomaterials endure 4 times recyclability retaining up to 89% lead uptake efficiency. To complement the experimental study, DFT calculations were performed to investigate the stability of the formed G-CdO composite compared to CdO NPs; the reactivity of G-CdO compared to plain graphene as well as the interaction insights between graphene and CdO clusters were studied using natural-bond-orbital (NBO), electron-localization-function (ELF) and reduced-density-gradient (RDG) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharja 72511 Egypt
| | - Reda Hassanien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharja 72511 Egypt
| | - Mona Khamis
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharja 72511 Egypt
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El-Shafie AS, Hassan SS, Akther N, El-Azazy M. Watermelon rinds as cost-efficient adsorbent for acridine orange: a response surface methodological approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021:10.1007/s11356-021-13652-9. [PMID: 33829381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current investigation, watermelon rinds (WMR) have been utilized as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient adsorbent for acridine orange (AO) from contaminated water samples. Adsorption of AO onto raw (RWM) and thermally treated rinds (TTWM250 and TTWM500) has been studied. The adsorption efficiency of the three adsorbents was evaluated by measuring the % removal (%R) of AO and the adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g). Dependent variables (%R and qe) were optimized as a function of four factors: pH, sorbent dosage (AD), the concentration of AO (DC), and contact time (ST). Box-Behnken (BB) design has been utilized to obtain the optimum adsorption conditions. Prepared adsorbents have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopies. The surface area of RWM, TTWM250, and TTWM500, as per the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, was 2.66, 2.93, and 5.03 m2/g, respectively. Equilibrium investigations suggest that Freundlich model was perfectly fit for adsorption of AO onto TTWM500. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 69.44 mg/g was obtained using the Langmuir equation. Adsorption kinetics could be best described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. The multi-cycle sorption-desorption study showed that TTWM500 could be regenerated with the adsorption efficiency being preserved up to 87% after six cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S El-Shafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Siham S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Nuri Akther
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Li H, Xiong J, Zhang G, Liang A, Long J, Xiao T, Chen Y, Zhang P, Liao D, Lin L, Zhang H. Enhanced thallium(I) removal from wastewater using hypochlorite oxidation coupled with magnetite-based biochar adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134166. [PMID: 31494421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and regenerable adsorbent coupled with advanced oxidation for enhanced thallium (Tl) removal has been a recent focus on wastewater treatment. In this study, a magnetite-based biochar derived from watermelon rinds was synthesized and used as a sustainable adsorbent and catalyst for hypochlorite oxidation and removal of Tl(I) from wastewater. The addition of hypochlorite substantially enhanced the Tl(I) removal under normal pH range (6-9). Maximum Tl adsorption capacity of 1123 mg/g was achieved, which is 12.3% higher than the highest value previously reported. The magnetic biochar can be regenerated using 0.1 mol/L HNO3 solution for elution in only 5 min, with a Tl desorption efficiency of 78.9%. The Tl removal efficiency was constantly higher than 98.5% during five consecutive recycle tests, indicating the effective reuse performance of the adsorbent. Oxidation, surface precipitation, pore retention and surface complexation were the main mechanisms for Tl(I) removal. The re-dissolution of Tl compounds and ion exchange of Tl cations with proton were the main mechanisms for adsorbent regeneration. Given the fast oxidation rate, high adsorption capacity, steady reusability and facile separability, this magnetic biochar-hypochlorite technique is a promising means for Tl(I) removal from wastewater. The catalytic hypochlorite oxidation induced by the magnetic biochar has also great potential to the effective removal of other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huosheng Li
- Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingfang Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gaosheng Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aiping Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianhua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, China.
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Rahman N, Nasir M. Application of Box-Behnken design and desirability function in the optimization of Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution using poly(o-phenylenediamine)/hydrous zirconium oxide composite: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26114-26134. [PMID: 29971743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, poly(o-phenylenediamine) was incorporated into the hydrous zirconium oxide matrix to form poly(o-phenylenediamine)/hydrous zirconium oxide composite which is used for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The characterization of the material was done based on FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA-DTA. The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of Cd(II) on the removal of Cd(II) were studied by performing 29 sets of sorption runs using Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Various isotherm models were tested to describe the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 66.66 mg g-1 was obtained from Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetics more accurately. Diffusion-based kinetics such as intraparticle diffusion and Bangham's model suggested that both film and intraparticle pore diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. The Elovich model pointed towards the chemisorption. The investigation of desorption and regeneration suggested that the material can be used as an effective sorbent for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
| | - Mohd Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
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