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Khalel HHZ, Khan M. Modelling Fibre-Reinforced Concrete for Predicting Optimal Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103700. [PMID: 37241327 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibre-reinforced cementitious composites are highly effective for construction due to their enhanced mechanical properties. The selection of fibre material for this reinforcement is always challenging as it is mainly dominated by the properties required at the construction site. Materials like steel and plastic fibres have been rigorously used for their good mechanical properties. Academic researchers have comprehensively discussed the impact and challenges of fibre reinforcement to obtain optimal properties of resultant concrete. However, most of this research concludes its analysis without considering the collective influence of key fibre parameters such as its shape, type, length, and percentage. There is still a need for a model that can consider these key parameters as input, provide the properties of reinforced concrete as output, and facilitate the user to analyse the optimal fibre addition per the construction requirement. Thus, the current work proposes a Khan Khalel model that can predict the desirable compressive and flexural strengths for any given values of key fibre parameters. The accuracy of the numerical model in this study, the flexural strength of SFRC, had the lowest and most significant errors, and the MSE was between 0.121% and 0.926%. Statistical tools are used to develop and validate the model with numerical results. The proposed model is easy to use but predicts compressive and flexural strengths with errors under 6% and 15%, respectively. This error primarily represents the assumption made for the input of fibre material during model development. It is based on the material's elastic modulus and hence neglects the plastic behaviour of the fibre. A possible modification in the model for considering the plastic behaviour of the fibre will be considered as future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Hasan Zedan Khalel
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Building 50, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Muhammad Khan
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Building 50, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Assessing Waste Marble Powder Impact on Concrete Flexural Strength Using Gaussian Process, SVM, and ANFIS. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study’s goal is to assess the flexural strength of concrete that includes waste marble powder using machine learning methods, i.e., ANFIS, Support vector machines, and Gaussian processes approaches. Flexural strength has also been studied by using the most reliable approach of sensitivity analysis in order to determine the influential independent variable to predict the dependent variable. The entire dataset consists of 202 observations, of which 120 were experimental and 82 were readings from previous research projects. The dataset was then arbitrarily split into two subsets, referred to as the training dataset and the testing dataset, each of which contained a weighted percentage of the total observations (70–30). Output was concrete mix flexural strength, whereas inputs comprised cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, waste marble powder, and curing days. Using statistical criteria, an evaluation of the efficacy of the approaches was carried out. In comparison to other algorithms, the results demonstrate that the Gaussian process technique has a lower error bandwidth, which contributes to its superior performance. The Gaussian process is capable of producing more accurate predictions of the results of an experiment due to the fact that it has a higher coefficient of correlation (0.7476), a lower mean absolute error value (1.0884), and a smaller root mean square error value (1.5621). The number of curing days was identified as a significant predictor, in addition to a number of other factors, by sensitivity analysis.
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Sharma N, Thakur MS, Sihag P, Malik MA, Kumar R, Abbas M, Saleel CA. Machine Learning Techniques for Evaluating Concrete Strength with Waste Marble Powder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175811. [PMID: 36079194 PMCID: PMC9457423 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to predict the compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete mix by using waste marble powder as a partial replacement of cement and sand, based on the experimental data that was acquired from the laboratory tests. In order to accomplish the goal, the models of Support vector machines, Support vector machines with bagging and Stochastic, Linear regression, and Gaussian processes were applied to the experimental data for predicting the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The effectiveness of models was also evaluated by using statistical criteria. Therefore, it can be inferred that the gaussian process and support vector machine methods can be used to predict the respective outputs, i.e., flexural and compressive strength. The Gaussian process and Support vector machines Stochastic predicts better outcomes for flexural and compressive strength because it has a higher coefficient of correlation (0.8235 and 0.9462), lower mean absolute and root mean squared error values as (2.2808 and 1.8104) and (2.8527 and 2.3430), respectively. Results suggest that all applied techniques are reliable for predicting the compressive and flexural strength of concrete and are able to reduce the experimental work time. In comparison to input factors for this data set, the number of curing days followed by the CA, C, FA, w, and MP is essential in predicting the flexural and compressive strength of a concrete mix for this data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohindra Singh Thakur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Parveen Sihag
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malik
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raj Kumar
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Computers and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Chanduveetil Ahamed Saleel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Guo G. Real-time medical image denoising and information hiding model based on deep wavelet multiscale autonomous unmanned analysis. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Predicting Bond Strength between FRP Rebars and Concrete by Deploying Gene Expression Programming Model. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112145. [PMID: 35683818 PMCID: PMC9182747 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rebars made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) might be the future reinforcing material, replacing mild steel rebars, which are prone to corrosion. The bond characteristics of FRP rebars differ from those of mild steel rebars due to their different stress-strain behavior than mild steel. As a result, determining the bond strength (BS) qualities of FRP rebars is critical. In this work, BS data for FRP rebars was investigated, utilizing non-linear capabilities of gene expression programming (GEP) on 273 samples. The BS of FRP and concrete was considered a function of bar surface (Bs), bar diameter (db), concrete compressive strength (fc′), concrete-cover-bar-diameter ratio (c/d), and embedment-length-bar-diameter ratio (l/d). The investigation of the variable number of genetic parameters such as number of chromosomes, head size, and number of genes was undertaken such that 11 different models (M1–M11) were created. The results of accuracy evaluation parameters, namely coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) imply that the M11 model outperforms other created models for the training and testing stages, with values of (0.925, 0.751, 1.08) and (0.9285, 0.802, 1.11), respectively. The values of R2 and error indices showed that there is very close agreement between the experimental and predicted results. 30 number chromosomes, 9 head size, and 5 genes yielded the optimum model. The parametric analysis revealed that db, c/d, and l/d significantly affected the BS. The FRP rebar diameter size is greater than 10 mm, whereas a l/d ratio of more than 12 showed a considerable decrease in BS. In contrast, the rise in c/d ratio revealed second-degree increasing trend of BS.
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Başaran B, Kalkan İ, Beycioğlu A, Kasprzyk I. A Review on the Physical Parameters Affecting the Bond Behavior of FRP Bars Embedded in Concrete. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1796. [PMID: 35566964 PMCID: PMC9104929 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is a detailed literal survey on the bond behavior of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforcing bars embedded in concrete. There is an urgent need for the accurate assessment of the parameters affecting the FRP-concrete bond and quantification of these effects. A significant majority of the previous studies could not derive precise and comprehensive conclusions on the effects of each of these parameters. The present study aimed at listing all of the physical parameters affecting the concrete-FRP bond, presenting the effects of each of these parameters based on the common opinions of the previous researchers and giving reasonable justifications on these effects. The studies on each of the parameters are presented in detailed tables. Among all listed parameters, the surface texture was established to have the most pronounced effect on the FRP-concrete bond strength. The bond strength values of the bars with coarse sand-coating exceeded the respective values of the fine sand-coated ones. However, increasing the concrete strength was found to result in a greater improvement in bond behavior of fine sand-coated bars due to the penetration of concrete particles into the fine sand-coating layer. The effects of fiber type, bar diameter and concrete compressive strength on the bar bond strength was shown to primarily originate from the relative slip of fibers inside the resin of the bar, also known as the shear lag effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boğaçhan Başaran
- Department of Construction, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - İlker Kalkan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kırıkkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Beycioğlu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Izabela Kasprzyk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Prediction of the compressive strength of concrete using various predictive modeling techniques. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Farouk AIB, Jinsong Z. Prediction of Interface Bond Strength Between Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) and Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) Using a Machine Learning Approach. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Assessment of Soft Computing Techniques for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Bacterial Concrete. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020489. [PMID: 35057207 PMCID: PMC8777621 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the potential of M5P, Random Tree (RT), Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REP Tree), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) techniques have been evaluated and compared with the multiple linear regression-based model (MLR) to be used for prediction of the compressive strength of bacterial concrete. For this purpose, 128 experimental observations have been collected. The total data set has been divided into two segments such as training (87 observations) and testing (41 observations). The process of data set separation was arbitrary. Cement, Aggregate, Sand, Water to Cement Ratio, Curing time, Percentage of Bacteria, and type of sand were the input variables, whereas the compressive strength of bacterial concrete has been considered as the final target. Seven performance evaluation indices such as Correlation Coefficient (CC), Coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Bias, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Scatter Index (SI) have been used to evaluate the performance of the developed models. Outcomes of performance evaluation indices recommend that the Polynomial kernel function based SVR model works better than other developed models with CC values as 0.9919, 0.9901, R2 values as 0.9839, 0.9803, NSE values as 0.9832, 0.9800, and lower values of RMSE are 1.5680, 1.9384, MAE is 0.7854, 1.5155, Bias are 0.2353, 0.1350 and SI are 0.0347, 0.0414 for training and testing stages, respectively. The sensitivity investigation shows that the curing time (T) is the vital input variable affecting the prediction of the compressive strength of bacterial concrete, using this data set.
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