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Meng X, Cao J, Zheng H, Ma X, Wang Y, Tong Y, Xie S, Lu R, Guo L. TPX2 promotes ovarian tumorigenesis by interacting with Lamin A/C and affecting its stability. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9738-9748. [PMID: 36789877 PMCID: PMC10166900 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the fatal gynecologic malignancies. However, there are no effective prognostic or therapeutic indicators for OC. Herein, we aim to reveal the potential function of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in OC progression. METHODS Immunohistochemical and bioinformatic analyses were used to evaluate the level of TPX2 in OC samples. Effects of TPX2 on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and ROS production were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Mass spectrometry, Co-IP and immunofluorescence assays were performed to identify and verify protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Our data showed that pathological overexpression (OE) of the TPX2 in OC could manifest a poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that TPX2 silencing led to the suppression of cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis, while TPX2 OE exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, by mass spectrometric analysis, we identified a novel interacting partner, Lamin A/C, for TPX2. Mechanistically, TPX2 regulated Lamin A/C's stability by modulating the level of phospho-Lamin A/C (Ser 22). CONCLUSION Our findings thus suggest that TPX2 may be a promising therapeutic target for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhong Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Scott NR, Parekh SH. A-type lamins involvement in transport and implications in cancer? Nucleus 2022; 13:221-235. [PMID: 36109835 PMCID: PMC9481127 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins and transport are intrinsically linked, but their relationship is yet to be fully unraveled. A multitude of complex, coupled interactions between lamins and nucleoporins (Nups), which mediate active transport into and out of the nucleus, combined with well documented dysregulation of lamins in many cancers, suggests that lamins and nuclear transport may play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and the preservation of cancer. Changes of function related to lamin/Nup activity can principally lead to DNA damage, further increasing the genetic diversity within a tumor, which could lead to the reduction the effectiveness of antineoplastic treatments. This review discusses and synthesizes different connections of lamins to nuclear transport and offers a number of outlook questions, the answers to which could reveal a new perspective on the connection of lamins to molecular transport of cancer therapeutics, in addition to their established role in nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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3
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. The relationship of lamins with epigenetic factors during aging. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:40-49. [PMID: 35342861 PMCID: PMC8892175 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The key factor of genome instability during aging is transposon dysregulation. This may be due to senile changes in the expression of lamins, which epigenetically modulate transposons. Lamins directly physically interact with transposons. Epigenetic regulators such as SIRT7, BAF, and microRNA can also serve as intermediaries for their interactions. There is also an inverse regulation, since transposons are sources of miRNAs that affect lamins. We suggest that lamins can be attributed to epigenetic factors, since they are part of the NURD, interact with histone deacetylases and regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. The role of lamins in the etiopathogenesis of premature aging syndromes may be associated with interactions with transposons. In various human cells, LINE1 is present in the heterochromatin domains of the genome associated with lamins, while SIRT7 facilitates the interaction of this retroelement with lamins. Both retroelements and the nuclear lamina play an important role in the antiviral response of organisms. This may be due to the role of lamins in protection from both viruses and transposons, since viruses and transposons are evolutionarily related. Transposable elements and lamins are secondary messengers of environmental stressors that can serve as triggers for aging and carcinogenesis. Transposons play a role in the development of cancer, while the microRNAs derived from them, participating in the etiopathogenesis of tumors, are important in human aging. Lamins have similar properties, since lamins are dysregulated in cancer, and microRNAs affecting them are involved in carcinogenesis. Changes in the expression of specif ic microRNAs were also revealed
in laminopathies. Identif ication of the epigenetic mechanisms of interaction of lamins with transposons during
aging
can become the basis for the development of methods of life extension and targeted therapy of age-associated
cancer
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. K. Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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4
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Dubik N, Mai S. Lamin A/C: Function in Normal and Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123688. [PMID: 33316938 PMCID: PMC7764147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize lamin A/C’s currently known functions in both normal and diseased cells. Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein with many functions in cells, such as maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. Mutations of the lamin A/C gene, incorrect processing of the protein, and lamin A/C deregulation can lead to various diseases and cancer. This review touches on diseases caused by mutation and incorrect processing of lamin A/C, called laminopathies. The effect of lamin A/C deregulation in cancer is also reviewed, and lamin A/C’s potential in helping to diagnose prostate cancers more accurately is discussed. Abstract This review is focused on lamin A/C, a nuclear protein with multiple functions in normal and diseased cells. Its functions, as known to date, are summarized. This summary includes its role in maintaining a cell’s structural stability, cell motility, mechanosensing, chromosome organization, gene regulation, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, and telomere protection. As lamin A/C has a variety of critical roles within the cell, mutations of the lamin A/C gene and incorrect processing of the protein results in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from striated muscle disorders to accelerated aging diseases. These diseases, collectively termed laminopathies, are also touched upon. Finally, we review the existing evidence of lamin A/C’s deregulation in cancer. Lamin A/C deregulation leads to various traits, including genomic instability and increased tolerance to mechanical insult, which can lead to more aggressive cancer and poorer prognosis. As lamin A/C’s expression in specific cancers varies widely, currently known lamin A/C expression in various cancers is reviewed. Additionally, Lamin A/C’s potential as a biomarker in various cancers and as an aid in more accurately diagnosing intermediate Gleason score prostate cancers is also discussed.
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Zhang F, Li X, Ni Y, Shan G, Gao Y. Preliminary study of the urinary proteome in Li and Han ethnic individuals from Hainan. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:125-137. [PMID: 31102176 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers indicate changes associated with disease. Blood is relatively stable due to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body; however, urine accumulates metabolites from changes in the body, making it a better source for early biomarker discovery. The Li ethnic group is a unique minority ethnic group that has only lived on Hainan Island for approximately 5,000 years. Studies have shown that various specific genetic variations are different between the Li and Han ethnic groups. However, whether the urinary proteome between these two ethnic groups is significantly different remains unknown. In this study, differential urinary proteins were identified in the Li and Han ethnic groups using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 1,555 urinary proteins were identified. Twenty-five of the urinary proteins were statistically significantly different, 16 of which have been previously reported to be biomarkers of many diseases, and that these significantly different proteins were caused by ethnic differences rather than random differences. Ethnic group differences may be an influencing factor in urine proteome studies and should be considered when human urine samples are used for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xundou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanying Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Bianchi A, Manti PG, Lucini F, Lanzuolo C. Mechanotransduction, nuclear architecture and epigenetics in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: tous pour un, un pour tous. Nucleus 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 29619865 PMCID: PMC5973142 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the several roles that Lamin A/C plays in the mammalian cell leads to a broad spectrum of pathologies that – all together – are named laminopathies. Among those, the Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is of particular interest as, despite the several known mutations of Lamin A/C, the genotype–phenotype correlation still remains poorly understood; this suggests that the epigenetic background of patients might play an important role during the time course of the disease. Historically, both a mechanical role of Lamin A/C and a regulative one have been suggested as the driving force of laminopathies; however, those two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Recent scientific evidence shows that Lamin A/C sustains the correct gene expression at the epigenetic level thanks to the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) reorganization and the crosstalk with the Polycomb Group of Proteins (PcG). Furthermore, the PcG-dependent histone mark H3K27me3 increases under mechanical stress, finally pointing out the link between the mechano-properties of the nuclear lamina and epigenetics. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms that could explain the high variability seen in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Federica Lucini
- b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy.,c Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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Smith ER, George SH, Kobetz E, Xu XX. New biological research and understanding of Papanicolaou's test. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 46:507-515. [PMID: 29663734 PMCID: PMC5949091 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of the Papanicolaou smear test by Dr. George Nicholas Papanicolaou (1883-1962) is one of the most significant achievements in screening for disease and cancer prevention in history. The Papanicolaou smear has been used for screening of cervical cancer since the 1950s. The test is technically straightforward and practical and based on a simple scientific observation: malignant cells have an aberrant nuclear morphology that can be distinguished from benign cells. Here, we review the scientific understanding that has been achieved and continues to be made on the causes and consequences of abnormal nuclear morphology, the basis of Dr. Papanicolaou's invention. The deformed nuclear shape is caused by the loss of lamina and nuclear envelope structural proteins. The consequences of a nuclear envelope defect include chromosomal numerical instability, altered chromatin organization and gene expression, and increased cell mobility because of a malleable nuclear envelope. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection is recognized as the key etiology in the development of cervical cancer. Persistent HPV infection causes disruption of the nuclear lamina, which presents as a change in nuclear morphology detectable by a Papanicolaou smear. Thus, the causes and consequences of nuclear deformation are now linked to the mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis, and are still undergoing active investigation to reveal the details. Recently a statue was installed in front of the Papanicolaou's Cancer Research Building to honor the inventor. Remarkably, the invention nearly 60 years ago by Dr. Papanicolaou still exerts clinical impacts and inspires scientific inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Sophia H. George
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Erin Kobetz
- Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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The relevance of prelamin A and RAD51 as molecular biomarkers in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94247-94258. [PMID: 29212225 PMCID: PMC5706871 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with their role in the maintenance of nuclear architecture, nuclear lamins also control genomic stability, DNA damage repair, transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence. Recent reports reveal that prelamin A–processing defects play a role in cancer development by impacting on transcription of key players in the maintenance of the genome stability, including RAD51. Here, we performed a ‘proof of concept’ study evaluating the role of prelamin A and RAD51 expression in clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients. We analyzed biomarker expression by immunohistochemistry in tumor material from locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients (n=66) and correlated data with clinicopathological parameters and with response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CT/RT). In LACC patients who underwent neoadjuvant CT/RT the percentage of cases showing high prelamin A levels was greater in patients who completely responded to treatment (25 of 40, 62.5%) than in patients with macroscopic residual tumor (6 of 26, 23.1%, p=0.0024). Conversely, patients showing high RAD51 expression were less likely to respond to treatment (14 of 26, 53.8%) than were those with low protein levels (12 of 40, 30%, p=0.072). Only prelamin A retained an independent role in predicting response to treatment (p=0.003), while RAD51 approached statistical significance (p=0.07). Notably, high RAD51 expression highly significantly predicted poor outcome, emerging as an independent prognostic factor for disease free survival (p=0.038), while approaching statistical significance for overall survival (p=0.09). Our findings provide a framework for future prospective studies investigating molecular predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LACC patients.
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9
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Kaspi E, Frankel D, Guinde J, Perrin S, Laroumagne S, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Ostacolo K, Harhouri K, Tazi-Mezalek R, Micallef J, Dutau H, Tomasini P, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N, Cau P, Astoul P, Roll P. Low lamin A expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells from pleural effusions is a pejorative factor associated with high number of metastatic sites and poor Performance status. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183136. [PMID: 28806747 PMCID: PMC5555706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The type V intermediate filament lamins are the principal components of the nuclear matrix, including the nuclear lamina. Lamins are divided into A-type and B-type, which are encoded by three genes, LMNA, LMNB1, and LMNB2. The alternative splicing of LMNA produces two major A-type lamins, lamin A and lamin C. Previous studies have suggested that lamins are involved in cancer development and progression. A-type lamins have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and/or follow-up. The aim of the present study was to investigate lamins in cancer cells from metastatic pleural effusions using immunofluorescence, western blotting, and flow cytometry. In a sub-group of lung adenocarcinomas, we found reduced expression of lamin A but not of lamin C. The reduction in lamin A expression was correlated with the loss of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)/MUC-1, an epithelial marker that is involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, the lamin A expression was inversely correlated with the number of metastatic sites and the WHO Performance status, and association of pleural, bone and lung metastatic localizations was more frequent when lamin A expression was reduced. In conclusion, low lamin A but not lamin C expression in pleural metastatic cells could represent a major actor in the development of metastasis, associated with EMT and could account for a pejorative factor correlated with a poor Performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Kaspi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Diane Frankel
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Guinde
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Department of Thoracic Oncology–Pleural diseases–Interventional pulmonology, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sophie Laroumagne
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Department of Thoracic Oncology–Pleural diseases–Interventional pulmonology, Marseille, France
| | - Andrée Robaglia-Schlupp
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Rachid Tazi-Mezalek
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Department of Thoracic Oncology–Pleural diseases–Interventional pulmonology, Marseille, France
| | - Joelle Micallef
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique & Centre d’Investigation Clinique—CPCET, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Dutau
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Department of Thoracic Oncology–Pleural diseases–Interventional pulmonology, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Tomasini
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille Early Phases Cancer Trials Center CLIP, Marseille, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cau
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Astoul
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Department of Thoracic Oncology–Pleural diseases–Interventional pulmonology, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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microRNA-145 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SIP1 in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 40:119-131. [PMID: 27933466 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, it has been reported that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is lowly expressed in human cervical cancers and that its putative tumour suppressive role may be attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation. Here, we aimed to assess whether miR-145 may affect EMT-associated markers/genes and suppress cervical cancer growth and motility, and to provide a mechanistic basis for these phenomena. METHODS The identification of the SMAD-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) mRNA as putative miR-145 target was investigated using a 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) luciferase assay and Western blotting, respectively. The functional effects of exogenous miR-145 expression, miR-145 suppression or siRNA-mediated SIP1 expression down-regulation in cervical cancer-derived C33A and SiHa cells were analysed using Western blotting, BrdU incorporation (proliferation), transwell migration and invasion assays. In addition, the expression levels of miR-145 and SIP1 were determined in primary human cervical cancer and non-cancer tissue samples using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We found that miR-145 binds to the wild-type 3'UTR of SIP1, but not to its mutant counterpart, and that, through this binding, miR-145 can effectively down-regulate SIP1 expression. In addition, we found that exogenous miR-145 expression or siRNA-mediated down-regulation of SIP1 expression attenuates the proliferation, migration and invasion of C33A and SiHa cells and alters the expression of the EMT-associated markers CDH1, VIM and SNAI1, whereas inhibition of endogenous miR-145 expression elicited the opposite effects. The expression of miR-145 in cervical cancer tissue samples was found to be low, while that of SIP1 was found to be high compared to non-cancerous cervical tissues. An inverse expression correlation between the two was substantiated through the anlaysis of data deposited in the TCGA database. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that low miR-145 expression levels in conjunction with elevated SIP1 expression levels may contribute to cervical cancer development. MiR-145-mediated regulation of SIP1 provides a novel mechanistic basis for its tumour suppressive mode of action in human cervical cancer cells.
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Capo-Chichi CD, Aguida B, Chabi NW, Acapko-Ezin J, Sossah-Hiffo J, Agossou VK, Anagbla T, Zannou M, Houngbé F, Sanni A. Diversity of high risk human papilloma viruses in women treated with antiretroviral and in healthy controls and discordance with cervical dysplasia in the South of Benin. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:43. [PMID: 27528886 PMCID: PMC4983786 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High risk oncologic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer worldwide. We investigated HPV genotypes among women living or not with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) in two major hospitals in the south of the republic of BENIN in the city of Cotonou. Our objective is to investigate the association of high risk-HPV to cervical dysplasia among women under stringent anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment and in controls without HIV. Methods The investigation was carried out within 1 year period in two groups of adult women: one group with HIV1 infection and under ARV therapy in the National University Hospital (CNHU-HKM) designated as CH group (n = 86); and one control group without HIV infection and attending the hospital Mènontin for routine gynecologic checkup and designated as ME group (n = 86). Cells derived from cervical uterine smears (CUS) were used for this investigation. The samples in ME group were selected to have similar lamin A/C profile with CH group. HPV genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while lamin A/C expression profile was assessed by western blotting to corroborate the risk of cervical dysplasia. Results HPV56 is dominant in CH group while HPV66 is dominant in ME group. 31 % of women in CH group are infected with HPV compared to 23 % in ME group. Quadruple and quintuple HPV infections are more observed among CH group but not in ME group making HPV counts of 43 in CH group and 27 in ME group. Cervical dysplasia are present in 5 % (4/86) of women in CH group and in 1 % (1/86) of women in ME group at the time of CUS collection. The adjustment of the risk to develop cervical cancer in the future related to HPV infection and the total loss of lamin A/C is not significantly different in both groups. Conclusion Women living with HIV are more sensitive to multiple HPV infection but not all HPV infections generated cervical dysplasia. The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in CH group may reduce significantly the frequency of cervical dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callinice D Capo-Chichi
- Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer and Nutrition (BMCN), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UBBM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Applications (ISBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP488, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Blanche Aguida
- Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer and Nutrition (BMCN), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UBBM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Applications (ISBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP488, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nicodème W Chabi
- Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer and Nutrition (BMCN), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UBBM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Applications (ISBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP488, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Jonas Sossah-Hiffo
- Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer and Nutrition (BMCN), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UBBM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Applications (ISBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP488, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | - Marcel Zannou
- National University Hospital (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Ambaliou Sanni
- Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer and Nutrition (BMCN), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UBBM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Applications (ISBA), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies (FAST), University Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04BP488, Cotonou, Benin
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Meaburn KJ. Spatial Genome Organization and Its Emerging Role as a Potential Diagnosis Tool. Front Genet 2016; 7:134. [PMID: 27507988 PMCID: PMC4961005 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells the genome is highly spatially organized. Functional relevance of higher order genome organization is implied by the fact that specific genes, and even whole chromosomes, alter spatial position in concert with functional changes within the nucleus, for example with modifications to chromatin or transcription. The exact molecular pathways that regulate spatial genome organization and the full implication to the cell of such an organization remain to be determined. However, there is a growing realization that the spatial organization of the genome can be used as a marker of disease. While global genome organization patterns remain largely conserved in disease, some genes and chromosomes occupy distinct nuclear positions in diseased cells compared to their normal counterparts, with the patterns of reorganization differing between diseases. Importantly, mapping the spatial positioning patterns of specific genomic loci can distinguish cancerous tissue from benign with high accuracy. Genome positioning is an attractive novel biomarker since additional quantitative biomarkers are urgently required in many cancer types. Current diagnostic techniques are often subjective and generally lack the ability to identify aggressive cancer from indolent, which can lead to over- or under-treatment of patients. Proof-of-principle for the use of genome positioning as a diagnostic tool has been provided based on small scale retrospective studies. Future large-scale studies are required to assess the feasibility of bringing spatial genome organization-based diagnostics to the clinical setting and to determine if the positioning patterns of specific loci can be useful biomarkers for cancer prognosis. Since spatial reorganization of the genome has been identified in multiple human diseases, it is likely that spatial genome positioning patterns as a diagnostic biomarker may be applied to many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Meaburn
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
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McGregor AL, Hsia CR, Lammerding J. Squish and squeeze-the nucleus as a physical barrier during migration in confined environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:32-40. [PMID: 26895141 PMCID: PMC4887392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
From embryonic development to cancer metastasis, cell migration plays a central role in health and disease. It is increasingly becoming apparent that cells migrating in three-dimensional (3-D) environments exhibit some striking differences compared with their well-established 2-D counterparts. One key finding is the significant role the nucleus plays during 3-D migration: when cells move in confined spaces, the cell body and nucleus must deform to squeeze through available spaces, and the deformability of the large and relatively rigid nucleus can become rate-limiting. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of nuclear mechanics in 3-D migration, including factors that govern nuclear deformability, and emerging mechanisms by which cells apply cytoskeletal forces to the nucleus to facilitate nuclear translocation. Intriguingly, the 'physical barrier' imposed by the nucleus also impacts cytoplasmic dynamics that affect cell migration and signaling, and changes in nuclear structure resulting from the mechanical forces acting on the nucleus during 3-D migration could further alter cellular function. These findings have broad relevance to the migration of both normal and cancerous cells inside living tissues, and motivate further research into the molecular details by which cells move their nuclei, as well as the consequences of the mechanical stress on the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lynn McGregor
- Nancy C. and Peter E. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy C. and Peter E. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Aljada A, Doria J, Saleh AM, Al-Matar SH, AlGabbani S, Shamsa HB, Al-Bawab A, Ahmed AA. Altered Lamin A/C splice variant expression as a possible diagnostic marker in breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:161-74. [PMID: 26732077 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamin A/C alternative splice variants (Lamin A, Lamin C, Lamin AΔ10 and Lamin AΔ50) have been implicated in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, transcription regulation, cellular differentiation, apoptosis and aging. In addition, loss of Lamin A/C expression has been observed in several cancers, including breast cancer, and it has been found that Lamin A/C suppression may lead to cancer-like aberrations in nuclear morphology and aneuploidy. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that Lamin A/C transcript variant quantification might be employed for the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS Newly designed TaqMan qRT-PCR assays for the analysis of Lamin A/C splice variants were validated and their use as biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer was assessed using 16 normal breast tissues and 128 breast adenocarcinomas. In addition, the expression levels of the Lamin A/C transcript variants were measured in samples derived from seven other types of cancer. RESULTS We found that the expression level of Lamin C was significantly increased in the breast tumors tested, whereas the expression levels of Lamin A and Lamin AΔ50 were significantly decreased. No significant change in Lamin AΔ10 expression was observed. Our data also indicated that the Lamin C : Lamin A mRNA ratio was increased in all clinical stages of breast cancer. Additionally, we observed increased Lamin C : Lamin A mRNA ratios in liver, lung and thyroid carcinomas and in colon, ovary and prostate adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that the Lamin C : Lamin A mRNA ratio is increased in breast cancer and that this mRNA ratio may be of diagnostic use in all clinical stages of breast cancer and, possibly, also in liver, lung, thyroid, colon, ovary and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Joseph Doria
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ayman M Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad H Al-Matar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah AlGabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Bani Shamsa
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al-Bawab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altayeb Abdalla Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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