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Wei J, Dai Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Tian X, Yan T, Jin X, Jiang S. Natural plant-derived polysaccharides targeting macrophage polarization: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408377. [PMID: 39351237 PMCID: PMC11439661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Wei
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Processing, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Center for Post-Doctoral Studies, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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Huang L, Woods CM, Dharmawardana N, Michael MZ, Ooi EH. The mechanisms of action of metformin on head and neck cancer in the pre-clinical setting: a scoping review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1358854. [PMID: 38454932 PMCID: PMC10917904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1358854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identifies the mechanistic pathways of metformin when used to treat head and neck cancer cells, in the pre-clinical setting. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will inform future experimental designs exploring metformin as a potential adjuvant for head and neck cancer. This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna-Briggs Institute framework. A structured search identified 1288 studies, of which 52 studies fulfilled the eligibility screen. The studies are presented in themes addressing hallmarks of cancer. Most of the studies demonstrated encouraging anti-proliferative effects in vitro and reduced tumor weight and volume in animal models. However, a few studies have cautioned the use of metformin which supported cancer cell growth under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Huang
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charmaine M. Woods
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nuwan Dharmawardana
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Z. Michael
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eng Hooi Ooi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Liu Y, Chen X, Xu Y, Yang T, Wang H, Wang Z, Hu Z, Chen L, Zhang Z, Wu Y. CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:81-94. [PMID: 37987774 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a key factor in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), exerting significant influence over tumor migration, invasion, immunosuppressive features, and drug resistance. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a 30 KDa protein which was secreted during the tissue-repair process, is highly expressed in several malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies demonstrated that CTHRC1 expression in TAMs was positively correlated to M2 macrophage polarization and liver metastasis, while our discovery suggesting a novel mechanism that CTHRC1 secreted from cancer cell could indirectly interplay with TAMs. In this study, the high expression level of CTHRC1 was evaluated in CRC based on GEO and TCGA databases. Further, CTHRC1 was detected high in all stages of CRC patients by ELISA and was correlated to poor prognosis. Multispectral imaging of IHC demonstrated that M2 macrophage infiltration was increased accompanied with CTHRC1 enrichment, suggesting that CTHRC1 may have chemotactic effect on macrophages. In vitro, CTHRC1 could have chemotactic ability of macrophage in the presence of HT-29 cell line. Cytokine microarray revealed that CTHRC1 could up-regulate the CCL15 level of HT-29, pathway analysis demonstrated that CTHRC1 could regulate CCL15 by controlling the TGFβ activation and Smad phosphorylation level. In vivo, knocking down of CTHRC1 from CT-26 also inhibits tumor formation. In conclusion, CTHRC1 could promote the chemotactic ability of macrophages by up-regulating CCL15 via TGFβ/Smad pathway; additionally, a high level of CTHRC1 could promote macrophage's M2 polarization. This discovery may be related to tumor immune tolerance and tumor immunotherapy resistance in CRC. KEY MESSAGES: CTHRC1 promotes CRC progression by up-regulating CCL15 via TGF-β/Smad pathways to further recruit tumor-associated macrophages. By the means of autocrine or paracrine, CTHRC1 can indeed promote macrophage chemotaxis and enhance the infiltration of macrophages in tumor tissues but in the presence of tumor cells. CAFs were another source of CTHRC1, indicating CTHRC1 can infiltrate tumor islet as well as the stomal and be secreted from both tumor cells and CAFs. This study validated CTHRC1 as a potential immune therapy target CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangzheng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangyong Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Fan P, Zhang N, Candi E, Agostini M, Piacentini M, Shi Y, Huang Y, Melino G. Alleviating hypoxia to improve cancer immunotherapy. Oncogene 2023; 42:3591-3604. [PMID: 37884747 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia resulting from abnormal and dysfunctional tumor vascular network poses a substantial obstacle to immunotherapy. In fact, hypoxia creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) through promoting angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), p53 inactivation, and immune evasion. Vascular normalization, a strategy aimed at restoring the structure and function of tumor blood vessels, has been shown to improve oxygen delivery and reverse hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, thus alleviates hypoxia and potentiates cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of tumor tissue hypoxia and its impacts on immune cells and cancer immunotherapy, as well as the approaches to induce tumor vascular normalization. We also summarize the evidence supporting the use of vascular normalization in combination with cancer immunotherapy, and highlight the challenges and future directions of this overlooked important field. By targeting the fundamental problem of tumor hypoxia, vascular normalization proposes a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Naidong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuhui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Yin X, Zhang H, Wei Z, Wang Y, Han S, Zhou M, Xu W, Han W. Large-Scale Identification of Lysine Crotonylation Reveals Its Potential Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:1165-1179. [PMID: 37868687 PMCID: PMC10590141 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s424422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lysine crotonylation, an emerging posttranslational modification, has been implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes. However, its involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains elusive. This study aims to reveal the global crotonylome in OSCC under hypoxic conditions and explore the potential regulatory mechanism of crotonylation in OSCC. Methods Liquid-chromatography fractionation, affinity enrichment of crotonylated peptides, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were employed to detect differential crotonylation in CAL27 cells cultured under hypoxia. The obtained data were further subjected to bioinformatics analysis to uncover the involved biological processes and pathways of the dysregulated crotonylated proteins. A site-mutated plasmid was utilized to investigate the effect of crotonylation on Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class B Member 1 (HAP90AB1) function. Results A large-scale crotonylome analysis revealed 1563 crotonylated modification sites on 605 proteins in CAL27 cells under hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant decrease in histone crotonylation levels, while up-regulated crotonylated proteins were mainly concentrated in non-histone proteins. Notably, glycolysis-related proteins exhibited prominent up-regulation among the identified crotonylated proteins, with HSP90AB1 displaying the most significant changes. Subsequent experimental findings confirmed that mutating lysine 265 of HSP90AB1 into a silent arginine impaired its function in promoting glycolysis. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the crotonylation modification of proteins in OSCC under hypoxic conditions and elucidates the associated biological processes and pathways. Crotonylation of HSP90AB1 in hypoxic conditions may enhance the glycolysis regulation ability in OSCC, offering novel perspectives on the regulatory mechanism of crotonylation in hypoxic OSCC and potential therapeutic targets for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiteng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Ali W, Xiao W, Jacobs D, Kajdacsy-Balla A. Survival and Enrichment Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Genes in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1899. [PMID: 37895248 PMCID: PMC10606556 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of bladder cancer, particularly urothelial carcinoma, necessitates innovative approaches for prognosis and therapy. This study delves into the significance of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process inherently linked to carcinogenesis and comparatively better studied in other cancers. We examined 1184 EMT-related gene expression levels in bladder urothelial cancer cases through the TCGA dataset. Genes shown to be differentially expressed in relation to survival underwent further network and enrichment analysis to uncover how they might shape disease outcomes. Our in silico analysis revealed a subset of 32 genes, including those significantly represented in biological pathways such as VEGF signaling and bacterium response. In addition, these genes interact with genes involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Additionally, some of those 32 genes have been linked to immunomodulators such as chemokines CCL15 and CCL18, as well as to various immune cell infiltrates. Our findings highlight the prognostic utility of various EMT-related genes and identify possible modulators of their effect on survival, allowing for further targeted wet lab research and possible therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ali
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (W.X.); (D.J.)
| | - Weirui Xiao
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (W.X.); (D.J.)
| | - Daniel Jacobs
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (W.X.); (D.J.)
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Professor of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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Liu J, Zhao J, Qiao X. Research Progress of Metformin in the Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad139. [PMID: 37738154 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a high mortality, posing a great threat to both human physical and mental health. With the advancement of scientific research, a variety of cancer therapies have been used for OSCC treatment. However, the prognosis of OSCC shows no significant improvement. Metformin has been recognized as the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes, and recent studies have shown that metformin has a remarkable suppressive effect on tumor progression. Metformin can not only affect the energy metabolism of tumor cells but also play an antitumor role by modulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. In this review, the molecular mechanism of metformin and its anticancer mechanism in OSCC are summarized. In addition, this article summarizes the side effects of metformin and the future prospects of its application in the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
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8
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Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, Wang B, He J, Ren S, Jiang L, Zhao S. Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1359-1373. [PMID: 36173487 PMCID: PMC10460746 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a dynamic network of non-tumoral stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), B and T cells. In the TME, TAMs support tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression of the tumor cells. There is close crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells. Notably, chemokines are a significant messenger mediating the crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. TAMs can promote tumor progression via secretion of chemokines. Various chemokines secreted by tumors are involved in the generation and polarization of TAMs, the infiltration of TAMs in tumors, and the development of TAMs' suppressive function. This paper reviews CCL2-CCR2, CCL3/5-CCR5, CCL15-CCR1, CCL18-CCR8, CX3CL1/CCL26-CX3CR1, CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathways, their role in the recruitment, polarization and exertion of TAMs, and their correlation with tumor development, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we present the current research progress on modulating the effects of TAMs with chemokine antagonists and discuss the prospects and potential challenges of using chemokine antagonists as therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. The TAMs targeting by chemokine receptor antagonists in combination with chemotherapy drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors or radiotherapy appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guoqi Ya
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao He
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoxin Ren
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Cheng D, Wang B, Wu L, Chen R, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Exosomal non-coding RNAs-mediated EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Med Oncol 2023; 40:254. [PMID: 37505345 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The advent of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has significantly improved survival rates of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, as with other antitumor drugs, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitably develops over time. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a 30-150 nm diameter, have emerged as vital mediators of intercellular communication. Recent studies revealed that exosomes carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which contribute to the development of EGFR-TKIs resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on exosomal ncRNAs mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In the future, detecting exosome ncRNAs can be used to monitor targeted therapy for NSCLC. Meanwhile, developing therapeutic regimens targeting these resistance mechanisms may provide additional clinical benefits to patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoan Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Banglu Wang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Lige Wu
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China.
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China.
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10
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Hua Y, Zheng Y, Yao Y, Jia R, Ge S, Zhuang A. Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:403. [PMID: 37344841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin's modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: "direct effects", which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and "indirect effects" that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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11
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Gong Y, Bao L, Xu T, Yi X, Chen J, Wang S, Pan Z, Huang P, Ge M. The tumor ecosystem in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and advances in ecotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:68. [PMID: 37024932 PMCID: PMC10077663 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multi-step process, and its survival depends on a complex tumor ecosystem, which not only promotes tumor growth but also helps to protect tumor cells from immune surveillance. With the advances of existing technologies and emerging models for ecosystem research, the evidence for cell-cell interplay is increasing. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the interaction between tumor cells, the major components of the HNSCC tumor ecosystem, and summarize the mechanisms of how biological and abiotic factors affect the tumor ecosystem. In addition, we review the emerging ecological treatment strategy for HNSCC based on existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gong
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Bao
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Yi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Mu W, Jiang Y, Liang G, Feng Y, Qu F. Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:41-54. [PMID: 36336804 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666221104094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. In recent years, several studies have shown that metformin is a potential therapeutic agent against cancer, alone or combined with other anticancer treatments. Metformin mainly activates the AMPK complex and regulates intracellular energy status, inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Other anticancer targets of metformin are specific transcription factors inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reducing drug resistance. In addition, metformin modulates tumor cells' response to anticancer treatments, favoring the activity of T cells. In diabetic patients, metformin reduces the occurrence of cancer and improves the prognosis and efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective of metformin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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13
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Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:329. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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14
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Bai R, Li Y, Jian L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Wei M. The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:177. [PMID: 36071472 PMCID: PMC9454207 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver for cancer malignancy, it is thought to be a major target in cancer treatment recently. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have a large impact on tumor development and immunotherapy. TAMs massively accumulate within hypoxic tumor regions. TAMs and hypoxia represent a deadly combination because hypoxia has been suggested to induce a pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotype. Hypoxia not only directly affects macrophage polarization, but it also has an indirect effect by altering the communication between tumor cells and macrophages. For example, hypoxia can influence the expression of chemokines and exosomes, both of which have profound impacts on the recipient cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intricate interaction between cancer cells and TAMs in the hypoxic TME is relevant to poor prognosis and increased tumor malignancy. However, there are no comprehensive literature reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-mediated communication between tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, this review has the aim to collect all recently available data on this topic and provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the effects of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xue Y, Song X, Fan S, Deng R. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:959747. [PMID: 36105288 PMCID: PMC9464857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.959747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with a high recurrence rate and a low 5-year survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in the progression of many tumors. This article reviews the origin, and the role of TAMs in the invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression of OSCC. Therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs are also discussed in hopes of providing new ideas for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhi Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Deng,
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16
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Implications of increased circulating macrophage inhibitory protein-5 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Morale MG, Tamura RE, Rubio IGS. Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Galliote Morale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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18
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Xiao M, He J, Yin L, Chen X, Zu X, Shen Y. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Critical Players in Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:799428. [PMID: 34992609 PMCID: PMC8724912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the most critical challenges in breast cancer (BC) treatment. The occurrence and development of drug resistance are closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most important immune cells in TIME, are essential for drug resistance in BC treatment. In this article, we summarize the effects of TAMs on the resistance of various drugs in endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and their underlying mechanisms. Based on the current overview of the key role of TAMs in drug resistance, we discuss the potential possibility for targeting TAMs to reduce drug resistance in BC treatment, By inhibiting the recruitment of TAMs, depleting the number of TAMs, regulating the polarization of TAMs and enhancing the phagocytosis of TAMs. Evidences in our review support it is important to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target TAMs in BC to overcome the treatment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyu Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liyang Yin
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiguan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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19
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Zhang H, Yin X, Zhang X, Zhou M, Xu W, Wei Z, Song C, Han S, Han W. HSP90AB1 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Glycolysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221118202. [PMID: 35929142 PMCID: PMC9358565 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221118202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers and is associated with poor prognosis, however, its role in HNSCC is still poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the function HSP90AB1 played in HNSCC progression. Methods: The expression level of HSP90AB1 in HNSCC was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and western blotting, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry. Three stable HSP90AB1 knockdown HNSCC cell lines were constructed by lentiviral transfection. The effect of HSP90AB1 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of HNSCC cells was tested by CCK-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, colony formation assay, nude mouse xenograft models, transwell migration assay, wound healing assay, and western blotting. The effect of HSP90AB1 knockdown on glycolysis in HNSCC cells was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and related assay kits. Finally, the levels of Akt and phospho-Akt (Ser473) proteins after HSP90AB1 knockdown were detected by western blotting. Results: HSP90AB1 was highly expressed in HNSCC and associated with T grade, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. Knockdown of HSP90AB1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of HNSCC, and reduced the level of phospho-Akt. Conclusion: HSP90AB1 functions as an oncogene in HNSCC, and has the potential to become a prognostic factor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiteng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengwei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, 144984Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Wang E, Li Y, Ming R, Wei J, Du P, Zhou P, Zong S, Xiao H. The Prognostic Value and Immune Landscapes of a m 6A/m 5C/m 1A-Related LncRNAs Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718974. [PMID: 34917609 PMCID: PMC8670092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the progression of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether m6A/m5C/m1A-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We summarized 52 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes, downloaded 44 normal samples and 501 HNSCC tumor samples with RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and then searched for m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes co-expressed lncRNAs. We adopt the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression to obtain m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs to construct a prognostic signature of HNSCC. Results: This prognostic signature is based on six m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs (AL035587.1, AC009121.3, AF131215.5, FMR1-IT1, AC106820.5, PTOV1-AS2). It was found that the high-risk subgroup has worse overall survival (OS) than the low-risk subgroup. Moreover, the results showed that most immune checkpoint genes were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). Immunity microenvironment analysis showed that the contents of NK cell resting, macrophages M2, and neutrophils in samples of low-risk group were significantly lower than those of high-risk group (p < 0.05), while the contents of B cells navie, plasma cells, and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were on the contrary (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) had the worse overall survival than those with low tumor mutational burden. Conclusion: Our study elucidated how m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs are related to the prognosis, immune microenvironment, and TMB of HNSCC. In the future, these m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs may become a new choice for immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Zhou D, Xia Z, Xie M, Gao Y, Yu Q, He B. Exosomal long non-coding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript enhances the resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1975. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1478-1489. [PMID: 34244990 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages plays a crucial role in the development of cancer. In this study, our data showed that M1 macrophages attenuate, while M2 macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages enhance the EGFR-TKIs resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H1975. Next, long non-coding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) is highly expressed in NSCLC cells-derived exosomes. NSCLC cells-derived exosomes promote macrophages M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization through transferring SOX2-OT to macrophages. Subsequently, our results indicated that NSCLC cells-induced M2-polarized macrophages enhance the EGFR-TKIs resistance in H1975 cells. Furthermore, our data revealed that NSCLC cells-derived exosomes inhibit the expression of miR-627-3p, while promote Smads expression in THP-1 cells. SOX2-OT acts as miR-627-3p sponge to facilitate Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 expression. Finally, our results indicated that NSCLC cells promote macrophages M2 polarization and suppress M1 polarization through targeting miR-627-3p/Smads signaling pathway by transferring exosomes to THP-1 cells. In conclusion, our data revealed that NSCLC cells promote macrophages M2 polarization through transferring exosomal SOX2-OT, thus to enhance its own EGFR-TKIs resistance. Mechanismly, NSCLC cells-derived exosomal SOX2-OT promotes macrophages M2 polarization via promoting Smads by sponging miR-627-3p. Our data provide a novel therapeutic target for EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Zhou
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Xia
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders National, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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22
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Ni Y, Zhou X, Yang J, Shi H, Li H, Zhao X, Ma X. The Role of Tumor-Stroma Interactions in Drug Resistance Within Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637675. [PMID: 34095111 PMCID: PMC8173135 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells resistance to various therapies remains to be a key challenge nowadays. For a long time, scientists focused on tumor cells themselves for the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance. However, recent evidence showed that tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for regulating immune escape, drug resistance, progression and metastasis of malignant cells. Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells within this milieu often reshape the TME and promote drug resistance. Therefore, advanced knowledge about these sophisticated interactions is significant for the design of effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we highlight cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), and tumor endothelial cells (TECs) existing in TME, as well as their multiple cross-talk with tumor cells, which eventually endows tumor cells with therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Ni
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Hu M, Li Y, Lu Y, Wang M, Li Y, Wang C, Li Q, Zhao H. The regulation of immune checkpoints by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11306. [PMID: 34012727 PMCID: PMC8109006 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences the occurrence and progression of tumors, and hypoxia is an important characteristic of the TME. The expression of programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and other immune checkpoints in hypoxic malignant tumors is often significantly increased, and is associated with poor prognosis. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and gynecological tumors has achieved encouraging efficacy; however, the rate of efficacy of ICI single-drug treatment is only about 20%. In the present review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the hypoxic TME regulates immune checkpoints. By activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), regulating the adenosine (Ado)-A2aR pathway, regulating the glycolytic pathway, and driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other biological pathways, hypoxia regulates the expression levels of CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, CD47, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3), and other immune checkpoints, which interfere with the immune effector cell anti-tumor response and provide convenient conditions for tumors to escape immune surveillance. The combination of HIF-1α inhibitors, Ado-inhibiting tumor immune microenvironment regulatory drugs, and other drugs with ICIs has good efficacy in both preclinical studies and phase I-II clinical studies. Exploring the effects of TME hypoxia on the expression of immune checkpoints and the function of infiltrating immune cells has greatly clarified the relationship between the hypoxic TME and immune escape, which is of great significance for the development of new drugs and the search for predictive markers of the efficacy of immunotherapy for treating malignant tumors. In the future, combination therapy with hypoxia pathway inhibitors and ICIs may be an effective anti-tumor treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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24
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The prospects of nanotherapeutic approaches for targeting tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102371. [PMID: 33662592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) is currently one of the most formidable cancers plagued by challenges like low overall survivability, lymph node associated metastasis, drug resistance, and poor diagnostics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituent stromal elements are crucial modulators of tumor growth and treatment response, more specifically so with regards to resident tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their liaison with the different stromal elements in the tumor niche (Figure 1). Interestingly, there isn't much information on TAM-targeted nanotherapy in OSCC where the first line of therapeutics for oral cancer is surgery with other therapeutics such as chemo- and radiotherapy acting only as adjuvant therapy for oral cancer. In the face of this real time situation, there have been some successful attempts at targeted therapy for OSCC cells and we believe they might elicit favorable responses against TAMs as well. Demanding our immediate attention, this review intends to provide a glimpse of the prevailing anti-TAM treatment strategies, which present great prospect for an uncharted territory like OSCC.
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25
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Xie J, Qi X, Wang Y, Yin X, Xu W, Han S, Cai Y, Han W. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete hypoxia-induced serglycin to promote head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:661-671. [PMID: 33651283 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to play a prominent role in the pathology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been reported to regulate tumor progression, and serglycin (SRGN), one of the paracrine cytokines of CAFs, has been reported to play an important role in various signaling pathways. Hypoxia is a distinct feature of the HNSCC TME. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying CAF-secreted SRGN leading to HNSCC progression under hypoxia. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect SRGN expression in clinical HNSCC samples, after which its relation with patient survival was assessed. CAFs were isolated and SRGN expression and secretion by CAFs under normoxia and hypoxia were confirmed using qRT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. HNSCC sphere-forming abilities, stemness-related gene expression, and chemoresistance were assessed with or without SRGN treatment. A Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor (PNU-75,654) was used to block its activation, after which nuclear translocation of β-catenin in the presence of SRGN with or without PNU-75,654 was evaluated. shRNAs were used to stably knock down SRGN expression in CAFs. HNSCC tumor cells with or without (SRGN silenced) CAFs were inoculated submucosally in nude mice after which tumor weights and sizes were determined to assess the effects of CAFs and SRGN on tumor growth. RESULTS We found that SRGN was expressed in both HNSCC tumor and stroma cells, and that high SRGN expression in the stroma cells, but not in the tumor cells, was significantly related to a poor patient survival. After the extraction of CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from paired tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues, respectively, we found that the expression of CAF-specific genes, including fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was clearly upregulated compared to the expression in NFs. The hypoxia marker HIF-1α was found to be expressed in tumor stroma cells. Hypoxyprobe immunofluorescence staining confirmed stromal hypoxia in an orthotopic tongue cancer mouse model. Using qRT-PCR and ELISA we found that a hypoxic TME upregulated SRGN expression and secretion by CAFs. SRGN markedly enhanced the sphere-forming ability, stemness-related gene expression and chemoresistance of HNSCC tumor cells. SRGN activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation. An in vivo study confirmed that CAFs can accelerate HNSCC tumor growth, and that this effect can be counteracted by SRGN silencing. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that a hypoxic tumor stroma can lead to upregulation of SRGN expression. SRGN secreted by CAFs can promote β-catenin nuclear translocation to activate downstream signaling pathways, leading to enhanced HNSCC cell stemness, chemoresistance and accelerated tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No 1055 Sanxiang Road, Soochow, 215004, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xiteng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenguang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shengwei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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26
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Gong C, Yu X, Zhang W, Han L, Wang R, Wang Y, Gao S, Yuan Y. Regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to enhance breast cancer immunotherapy using pH-responsive hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:58. [PMID: 33632231 PMCID: PMC7905864 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of an immuno-metabolic adjuvant and immune checkpoint inhibitors holds great promise for effective suppression of tumor growth and invasion. In this study, a pH-responsive co-delivery platform was developed for metformin (Met), a known immuno-metabolic modulator, and short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting fibrinogen-like protein 1 mRNA (siFGL1), using a hybrid biomimetic membrane (from macrophages and cancer cells)-camouflaged poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. To improve the endo-lysosomal escape of siRNA for effective cytosolic siRNA delivery, a pH-triggered CO2 gas-generating nanoplatform was developed using the guanidine group of Met. It can react reversibly with CO2 to form Met-CO2 for the pH-dependent capture/release of CO2. The introduction of Met, a conventional anti-diabetic drug, promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, subsequently blocking the inhibitory signals of PD-L1. As a result, siFGL1 delivery by the camouflaged nanoparticles of the hybrid biomimetic membrane can effectively silence the FGL1 gene, promoting T-cell-mediated immune responses and enhancing antitumor immunity. We found that a combination of PD-L1/programmed death 1 signaling blockade and FGL1 gene silencing exhibited high synergistic therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Met alleviated tumor hypoxia by reducing oxygen consumption and inducing M1-type differentiation of tumor-related macrophages, which improved the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our results indicate the potential of hybrid biomimetic membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles and combined Met-FGL1 blockade in breast cancer immunotherapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
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27
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CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218412. [PMID: 33182504 PMCID: PMC7665155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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28
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Karin N. The Development and Homing of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: From a Two-Stage Model to a Multistep Narrative. Front Immunol 2020; 11:557586. [PMID: 33193327 PMCID: PMC7649122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.557586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells. Under normal conditions, they differentiate into macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Under pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammation, or cancer, they tend to maintain their immature state as immature myeloid cells that, within the tumor microenvironment, become suppressor cells and assist tumor escape from immune eradication. MDSC are comprised of two major subsets: monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC). Monocytic myeloid cells give rise to monocytic cells, whereas PMN-MDSC share similarities with neutrophils. Based on their biological activities, a two-stage model that includes the mobilization of the periphery as myeloid cells and their activation within the tumor microenvironment converting them into suppressor cells was previously suggested by D. Gabrilovich. From the migratory viewpoint, we are suggesting a more complex setup. It starts with crosstalk between the tumor site and the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) at the bone marrow (BM) and secondary lymphatic organs, resulting in rapid myelopoiesis followed by mobilization to the blood. Although myelopoiesis is coordinated by several cytokines and transcription factors, mobilization is selectively directed by chemokine receptors and may differ between M-MDSC and PMN-MDSC. These myeloid cells may then undergo further expansion at these secondary lymphatic organs and then home to the tumor site. Finally, selective homing of T cell subsets has been associated with retention at the target organs directed by adhesion molecules or chemokine receptors. The possible relevance to myeloid cells is still speculative but is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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29
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Saito A, Kitayama J, Horie H, Koinuma K, Ohzawa H, Yamaguchi H, Kawahira H, Mimura T, Lefor AK, Sata N. Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4012-4020. [PMID: 32794612 PMCID: PMC7648042 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological characteristics of resected CRC from patients treated with metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In total, 267 patients with DM underwent curative colectomy for Stage I‐III CRC and 53 (19.9%) patients had been treated medically including metformin. Pathological N‐stage was significantly lower in metformin‐treated patients (P < .05) with prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) (P < .05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the densities of CD3(+) and CD8(+) tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the invasive front area were significantly higher in 40 patients treated with metformin compared with propensity score matched cases without metformin (P < .05). The density of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in tumor stroma was markedly increased in metformin‐treated patients (P < .001). In those tumors, there were more CD68(+) tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) infiltrated (P < .05), while the ratio of CD163(+) M2‐phenotype was markedly reduced (P < .001). Stromal fibrosis tended to be suppressed by metformin intake (P = .051). These findings suggested that metformin drastically changes the characteristics of infiltrating immune cells in CRC and reprograms the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunocompetent status, which may lead to suppression of microscopic tumor spread and improve the outcomes of patients with CRC and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koji Koinuma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahira
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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30
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Barczak K, Simińska D, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Hypoxia Alters the Expression of CC Chemokines and CC Chemokine Receptors in a Tumor-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165647. [PMID: 32781743 PMCID: PMC7460668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, i.e., oxygen deficiency condition, is one of the most important factors promoting the growth of tumors. Since its effect on the chemokine system is crucial in understanding the changes in the recruitment of cells to a tumor niche, in this review we have gathered all the available data about the impact of hypoxia on β chemokines. In the introduction, we present the chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia together with the mechanisms of activation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) and NF-κB. Then we describe the effect of hypoxia on the expression of chemokines with the CC motif: CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL24, CCL25, CCL26, CCL27, CCL28 together with CC chemokine receptors: CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10. To better understand the effect of hypoxia on neoplastic processes and changes in the expression of the described proteins, we summarize the available data in a table which shows the effect of individual chemokines on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and recruitment of eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to a tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515; Fax: +48-914661516
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31
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Tumor microenvironment and epithelial mesenchymal transition as targets to overcome tumor multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100715. [PMID: 32679188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment. Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). TME-induced factors secreted by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create an inflammatory microenvironment by recruiting immune cells. CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inflammatory tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are main immune cell types which further enhance chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation nurtures tumor-initiating/cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), induces both EMT and MDR leading to tumor relapses. Pro-thrombotic microenvironment created by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from TAMs, MDSCs and CAFs is also involved in EMT and MDR. MDSCs are the most common mediators of immunosuppression and are also involved in resistance to targeted therapies, e.g. BRAF inhibitors and oncolytic viruses-based therapies. Expansion of both cancer and stroma cells causes hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (e.g. HIF-1α) resulting in drug resistance. TME factors induce the expression of transcriptional EMT factors, MDR and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. Promoters of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes contain binding sites for canonical EMT transcription factors, e.g. ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL. Changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy during EMT also promote MDR. Conclusively, EMT signaling simultaneously increases MDR. Owing to the multifactorial nature of MDR, targeting one mechanism seems to be non-sufficient to overcome resistance. Targeting inflammatory processes by immune modulatory compounds such as mTOR inhibitors, demethylating agents, low-dosed histone deacetylase inhibitors may decrease MDR. Targeting EMT and metabolic adaptation by small molecular inhibitors might also reverse MDR. In this review, we summarize evidence for TME components as causative factors of EMT and anticancer drug resistance.
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Chen GG, Woo PYM, Ng SCP, Wong GKC, Chan DTM, van Hasselt CA, Tong MCF, Poon WS. Impact of metformin on immunological markers: Implication in its anti-tumor mechanism. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107585. [PMID: 32473961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug, has been known to have antitumor properties for around 15 years. Although there are a number of reports attributing the antitumor function of metformin to its impact on energy homeostasis and oxygen re-distribution in tumor microenvironment, detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the past several years, there is an increasing number of publications indicating that metformin can affect various immunological components including lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines and several key immunological molecules in both human and animal studies. These interesting results appear to be in line with emerging data that suggest associations between immune responses and energy homeostasis/oxygen re-distribution, which may explain effective impacts of metformin on immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases as well as cancers. This review article is to analyse and discuss recent development in the above areas with aim to justify metformin as a new adjuvant for immunotherapy against human cancers. We hope that our summary will help to optimize the application of metformin for various types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny T M Chan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles A van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Lechien JR, Descamps G, Seminerio I, Furgiuele S, Dequanter D, Mouawad F, Badoual C, Journe F, Saussez S. HPV Involvement in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051060. [PMID: 32344813 PMCID: PMC7281394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Active human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been identified as an important additional risk factor and seems to be associated with a better prognosis in non-drinker and non-smoker young patients with oropharyngeal SCC. The better response of the immune system against the HPV-induced HNSCC is suspected as a potential explanation for the better prognosis of young patients. To further assess this hypothesis, our review aims to shed light the current knowledge about the impact of HPV infection on the immune response in the context of HNSCC, focusing on the innate immune system, particularly highlighting the role of macrophages, Langerhans and myeloid cells, and on the adaptative immune system, pointing out the involvement of T regulatory, T CD8 and T CD4 lymphocytes. In addition, we also review the preventive (HPV vaccines) and therapeutic (checkpoint inhibitors) strategies against HPV-related HNSCC, stressing the use of anti-CTLA4, PD-L1, PD-L2 antibodies alone and in combination with other agents able to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R. Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU of Lille, University Lille 2, 59000 Lille, France;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Imelda Seminerio
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Sonia Furgiuele
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Francois Mouawad
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU of Lille, University Lille 2, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of anatomo-pathology, G Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institute Jules Bordet, Free University of Brussels, Rue Heger-Bordet, 1, B1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (J.R.L.); (D.D.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (G.D.); (I.S.); (S.F.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-65-37-35-84
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Teixeira LR, Almeida LY, Silva RN, Mesquita ATM, Colturato CBN, Silveira HA, Duarte A, Ribeiro‐Silva A, León JE. Young and elderly oral squamous cell carcinoma patients present similar angiogenic profile and predominance of M2 macrophages: Comparative immunohistochemical study. Head Neck 2019; 41:4111-4120. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciana Y. Almeida
- Hematology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N. Silva
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana T. M. Mesquita
- Department of Dentistry, Clinical StomatologyFederal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Carla B. N. Colturato
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Heitor A. Silveira
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro‐Silva
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jorge E. León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP)University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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