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Kurasaka C, Nishizawa N, Ogino Y, Sato A. Anticancer sensitivity and biological aspect of 5-fluorouracil-resistant human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional culture under high- and low-glucose conditions. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38555594 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2332414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used anticancer drug for colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to 5-FU resistance. We established an acquired 5-FU resistant cell line, HCT116RF10, derived from CRC cells and investigated its energy metabolism as well as the underlying mechanism of 5-FU resistance. We examined the sensitivity to 5-FU and the formation of tumor spheres in parental HCT116 cells and 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells under 3D culture conditions at high-glucose (HG 25 mM) and low-glucose (LG 5.5 mM) concentrations. These results suggested that the tumor spheres of parental HCT116 cells displayed higher sensitivity to 5-FU under LG conditions than under HG conditions. HCT116RF10 tumor spheres exhibited comparable sensitivity to 5-FU under HG and LG conditions. Furthermore, under HG conditions, there was a marked decrease in extracellular lactate in the HCT116RF10 tumor sphere compared to that in the LG tumor sphere. Similarly, HCT116 tumor spheres showed decreased extracellular lactate levels under LG conditions compared to those grown under HG conditions. Moreover, the evidence reveals that the tumor spheres of HCT116RF10 and HCT116 cells exhibit disparate dependencies on energy metabolism, glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration under both HG and LG conditions. These results have important clinical implications for overcoming 5-FU resistance and enhancing antitumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Kurasaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nana Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Chen Y, Mao X, Xu Y, Li L, Geng J, Dai T, Wang Q, Xue L, Tao L, Liu X. PTOV1-AS1 desensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU through depressing miR-149-5p to activate the positive feedback loop with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1313-1328. [PMID: 38194947 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer. Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil remains a challenge. This research aimed to explore the mechanism of 5-Fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to determine the RNA and protein expression in both cells and exosome. Assays in vitro and in vivo were performed to measure the role of miR-149-5p in colorectal cancer cells. RIP, luciferase activity report, and RNA pulldown assay were applied to detect the association of PTOV1-AS1, SUV39H1, miR-149-5p, and FOXM1. MiR-149-5p was down-expressed in 5-Fluorouracil-resistant cells. MiR-149-5p enhanced the effectiveness of 5-Fluorouracil both in vitro and in vivo. Sensitive colorectal cancer cells released exosomal miR-149-5p to sensitize resistant cells to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, miR-149-5p targeted the FOXM1 to inactivate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and PTOV1-AS1 recruited SUV39H1 to suppress miR-149-5p transcription, in turn activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and forming a positive feedback loop with FOXM1. PTOV1-AS1 inhibits miR-149-5p by a positive feedback loop with FOXM1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides insights into a potential novel target for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Health, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Subaiea GM, Syed RU, Afsar S, Alhaidan TMS, Alzammay SA, Alrashidi AA, Alrowaili SF, Alshelaly DA, Alenezi AMSRA. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and multidrug resistance in glioblastoma: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155022. [PMID: 38086292 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as pivotal regulators of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene modulation, exerting a profound influence on a diverse array of biological and pathological cascades, including the intricate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the acquisition of drug resistance in neoplastic cells. Glioblastoma (GBM), recognized as the foremost and most aggressive neoplasm originating in the brain, is distinguished by its formidable resistance to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Recent years have witnessed an escalating interest in comprehending the involvement of ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs, in GBM chemoresistance. LncRNAs, a subclass of ncRNAs, have been demonstrated as dynamic modulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Disruption in the regulation of lncRNAs has been observed across various human malignancies, including GBM, and has been linked with developing multidrug resistance (MDR) against standard chemotherapeutic agents. The potential of targeting specific ncRNAs or their downstream effectors to surmount chemoresistance is also critically evaluated, specifically focusing on ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations exploring ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Nonetheless, targeting lncRNAs for therapeutic objectives presents hurdles, including overcoming the blood-brain barrier and the brief lifespan of oligonucleotide RNA molecules. Understanding the complex relationship between ncRNAs and the chemoresistance characteristic in glioblastoma provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms. It opens the path for the progression of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches to counter the therapeutic challenges posed by this aggressive brain tumor. This comprehensive review highlights the complex functions of diverse ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, in mediating glioblastoma's chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Mohammed Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India.
| | | | - Seham Ahmed Alzammay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Luo CY, Su WC, Jiang HF, Luo LT, Shen DY, Su GQ. DPY30 promotes colorectal carcinoma metastasis by upregulating ZEB1 transcriptional expression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:333. [PMID: 38115111 PMCID: PMC10731791 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DPY30 belongs to the core subunit of components of the histone lysine methyltransferase complex, which is implicated in tumorigenesis, cell senescence, and other biological events. However, its contribution to colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progression and metastasis has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological function of DPY30 in CRC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, our results revealed that DPY30 overexpression is significantly positively correlated with positive lymph nodes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and CRC metastasis. Moreover, DPY30 knockdown in HT29 and SW480 cells markedly decreased EMT progression, as well as the migratory and invasive abilities of CRC cells in vitro and lung tumor metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, DPY30 increased histone H3K4me3 level and promoted EMT and CRC metastasis by upregulating the transcriptional expression of ZEB1. Taken together, our findings indicate that DPY30 may serve as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Luo
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chao Su
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated With Xiamen Medical College, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Tao Luo
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Su
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Mahdi Khanifar M, Zafari Z, Sheykhhasan M. Crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and p53 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A review study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154756. [PMID: 37611430 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of diverse physiological processes and are dysregulated in a wide range of pathophysiological circumstances such as CRC. Studies revealed that aberrant expressions of lncRNAs clearly modulate the expression level of p53 gene in CRC, thereby transactivating multiple downstream pathways. P53 is regarded as a crucial tumor suppressor gene which promotes cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence or apoptosis in response to cellular stresses. P53 is also mutated in CRC as well as various types of human malignancies. Therefore, lncRNAs interact with the p53 signaling pathway in numerus ways and significantly influence CRC-related processes. The current findings in the investigation of the crosstalk between lncRNAs and the P53 pathway in controlling CRC carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance are summarized in the this review. A deeper knowledge of CRC carcinogenesis may also have implications in CRC prevention and treatment through more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Khanifar
- School of Molecular Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zafari
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran.
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Li J, Lv J, Chen Y, Li L. Tumor suppressor circPDE4D inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer and regulates oxaliplatin chemoresistance. Gene 2023; 864:147323. [PMID: 36858188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it frequently develops resistance to chemotherapy. It was discovered that circular RNAs, which function as microRNA sponges, are involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. This study aimed to investigate the biological functions of a circRNA derived from phosphodiesterase 4D (circPDE4D, hsa_circ_0072568) and its potential mechanism in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC. CircPDE4D expression were validated in human CRC cell lines and tissues. CircPDE4D siRNAs (si-circPDE4D) and LV003-circPDE4D plasmid were applied to investigate the function of circPDE4D. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the levels of circPDE4D, its predicted sponge miRNAs, and their target genes. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTS(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Cell migration and invasion capacity were evaluated by transwell assay. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to stain apoptotic cells. The results showed that circPDE4D expression was downregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Transfection with si-circPDE4D promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis in DLD1 cells. Transfection with LV003-circPDE4D showed the opposite effect. Besides, circPDE4D presented higher expression in HCT116/L cells than that in HCT116 cells. Si-circPDE4D or lv003-circPDE4D transfection increased or decreased cell proliferationin in both two cells. Moreover, si-circPDE4D transfection inhibited cell apoptosis, while LV003-circPDE4D induced apoptosis in HCT116/L cells. LV003-CircPDE4D reduced hsa-miR-569 expression while increasing SPI1 expression in HCT116/L. CircPDE4D could inhibit tumorigenesis and progression of both CRC and oxaliplatin-resistant CRC, providing insight for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jingsen Lv
- Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Information Section, Changji People's Hospital, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- General Department of Party and government, Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China.
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7
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Luo ZD, Wang YF, Zhao YX, Yu LC, Li T, Fan YJ, Zeng SJ, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1-18. [PMID: 36683709 PMCID: PMC9850945 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with the annual incidence and mortality increasing consistently. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced CRC. However, most patients will inevitably develop resistance to oxaliplatin. Many studies have reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are extensively involved in cancer progression. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that ncRNAs mediate chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and by epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the initiation and development of CRC chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we investigate the clinical application of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers for liquid CRC biopsy. This review provides new insights into overcoming oxaliplatin resistance in CRC by targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long-Chen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jing Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shun-Jie Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Circulating miRNA Expression Profiles and Machine Learning Models in Association with Response to Irinotecan-Based Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010046. [PMID: 36613487 PMCID: PMC9820223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite improvements, chemotherapy remains the backbone of colorectal cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of circulating microRNA expression profiles and the response to irinotecan-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer and to identify relevant target genes and molecular functions. Serum samples from 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were analyzed. The microRNA expression was tested with a NucleoSpin miRNA kit (Machnery-Nagel, Germany), and a machine learning approach was subsequently applied for microRNA profiling. The top 10 upregulated microRNAs in the non-responders group were hsa-miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-181d-5p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-30c-5p, and hsa-let-7i-5p. Similarly, the top 10 downregulated microRNAs were hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-10a-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-17-5p. The upregulation of microRNAs in the miR-181 family and the downregulation of those in the let-7 family appear to be mostly involved with non-responsiveness to irinotecan-based treatment.
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9
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Kumar DP, Manu KA, Macha MA. Editorial: The role of non-coding RNAs in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1056897. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1056897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Lulli M, Napoli C, Landini I, Mini E, Lapucci A. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13431. [PMID: 36362222 PMCID: PMC9654895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the advances in the knowledge of pathogenetic molecular mechanisms and the implementation of more effective drug treatments in recent years, the overall survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. The high death rate is mainly due to metastasis of cancer in about half of the cancer patients and the emergence of drug-resistant populations of cancer cells. Improved understanding of cancer molecular biology has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in colorectal cancer development and evolution. ncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications and interactions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with both microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, and through the action of lncRNAs as miRNA precursors or pseudogenes. LncRNAs can also be detected in the blood and circulating ncRNAs have become a new source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer, as well as for predicting the response to drug therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer development, progression, and chemoresistance, and as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Section of General Pathology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Napoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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11
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Hu C, Cai D, Zhong ME, Fan D, Li CH, Lv MY, Huang ZP, Wang W, Wu XJ, Gao F. Predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response among colorectal cancer patients based on a tumor immune microenvironment-related lncRNA signature. Front Genet 2022; 13:993714. [PMID: 36159987 PMCID: PMC9489948 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.993714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remodel the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by regulating the functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. It remains uncertain the way that TIME-related lncRNAs (TRLs) influence the prognosis and immunotherapy response of colorectal cancer (CRC). Aiming at providing survival and immunotherapy response predictions, a CRC TIME-related lncRNA signature (TRLs signature) was developed and the related potential regulatory mechanisms were explored with a comprehensive analysis on gene expression profiles from 97 immune cell lines, 61 CRC cell lines and 1807 CRC patients. Stratifying CRC patients with the TRLs signature, prolonged survival was observed in the low-risk group, while the patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher pro-tumor immune cells infiltration and higher immunotherapy response rate. Through the complex TRLs-mRNA regulation network, immunoregulation pathways and immunotherapy response pathways were found to be differently activated between the groups. In conclusion, the CRC TRLs signature is capable of making prognosis and immunotherapy response predictions, which may find application in stratifying patients for immunotherapy in the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Er Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Hang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jian Wu, ; Feng Gao,
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jian Wu, ; Feng Gao,
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12
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Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite extensive research efforts aiming to evaluate the biological mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, little has been translated towards new diagnostic and treatment options for HCC patients. Historically, the focus has been centered on coding RNAs and their respective proteins. However, significant advances in sequencing and RNA detection technologies have shifted the research focus towards non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), as well as their impact on HCC development and progression. A number of studies reported complex post-transcriptional interactions between various ncRNA and coding RNA molecules. These interactions offer insights into the role of ncRNAs in both the known pathways leading to oncogenesis, such as dysregulation of p53, and lesser-known mechanisms, such as small nucleolar RNA methylation. Studies investigating these mechanisms have identified prevalent ncRNA changes in microRNAs, snoRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that can both pre- and post-translationally regulate key factors in HCC progression. In this review, we present relevant publications describing ncRNAs to summarize the impact of different ncRNA species on liver cancer development and progression and to evaluate recent attempts at clinical translation.
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13
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Matuszyk J. MALAT1-miRNAs network regulate thymidylate synthase and affect 5FU-based chemotherapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:89. [PMID: 35922756 PMCID: PMC9351108 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), used in the treatment of several types of cancer, acts by inhibiting the thymidylate synthase encoded by the TYMS gene, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA replication. The major failure of 5FU-based cancer therapy is the development of drug resistance. High levels of TYMS-encoded protein in cancerous tissues are predictive of poor response to 5FU treatment. Expression of TYMS is regulated by various mechanisms, including involving non-coding RNAs, both miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Aim To delineate the miRNAs and lncRNAs network regulating the level of TYMS-encoded protein. Main body Several miRNAs targeting TYMS mRNA have been identified in colon cancers, the levels of which can be regulated to varying degrees by lncRNAs. Due to their regulation by the MALAT1 lncRNA, these miRNAs can be divided into three groups: (1) miR-197-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-375-3p which are downregulated by MALAT1 as confirmed experimentally and the levels of these miRNAs are actually reduced in colon and gastric cancers; (2) miR-140-3p, miR-330-3p that could potentially interact with MALAT1, but not yet supported by experimental results; (3) miR-192-5p, miR-215-5p whose seed sequences do not recognize complementary response elements within MALAT1. Considering the putative MALAT1-miRNAs interaction network, attention is drawn to the potential positive feedback loop causing increased expression of MALAT1 in colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, where YAP1 acts as a transcriptional co-factor which, by binding to the TCF4 transcription factor/ β-catenin complex, may increase the activation of the MALAT1 gene whereas the MALAT1 lncRNA can inhibit miR-375-3p which in turn targets YAP1 mRNA. Conclusion The network of non-coding RNAs may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5FU treatment by upregulating the level of thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Matuszyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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14
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Najafi S, Khatami SH, Khorsand M, Jamali Z, Shabaninejad Z, Moazamfard M, Majidpoor J, Aghaei Zarch SM, Movahedpour A. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); roles in tumorigenesis and potentials as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113294. [PMID: 35870535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New research has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in a broad range of biological processes, including the pathogenesis of many complex human diseases, including cancer. The detailed regulation mechanisms of many lncRNAs in cancer initiation and progression have yet to be discovered, even though a few of lncRNAs' functions in cancer have been characterized. In the present study, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in cancer. We focused on the roles of newly-identified lncRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as the potential pathways these molecules could play. The paper also discusses their potential uses as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Khorsand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhang W, Huang K, Xu L, Shahid N, Pan Y, Xu C, Jiao X, Yang K. Downregulation of MiR-1538 promotes proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting DNMT3A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:119-126. [PMID: 35429679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, but the molecular mechanism of its occurrence and development is not clear. Some studies have shown that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer, but many miRNAs which play an important role in the progression of CRC remain to be investigated. In this study,we found that the expression of miR-1538 was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and cells, and its expression level was significantly correlated with tumor size, clinical stage and prognosis. Functional and mechanism experiments showed that miR-1538 decreased the protein level of DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) and inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells by targeting the 3'-UTR of DNMT3A mRNA. Our results identify the biological function and mechanism of miR-1538 as a tumor suppressor gene in the progression of CRC, and suggest that miR-1538 can be used as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Kaixin Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lingsha Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Numan Shahid
- School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chengle Xu
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xueli Jiao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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16
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Luo J, Gao K, Chen M, Tian B. LINC01210 promotes malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer through epigenetically upregulating SRSF3. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153905. [PMID: 35462226 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to tumorigenesis. However, the role of LINC01210 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Relative levels of LINC01210 in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues were determined. Proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities were examined in HCT116 cells and LoVo cells after silencing or overexpressing LINC01210. The interaction between LINC01210 and SRSF3 was explored by ChIP-PCR. Upregulated LINC01210 was associated with metastasis and advanced stage of CRC. Silencing LINC01210 attenuated proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities in LoVo cells, while overexpressing LINC01210 promoted proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities in HCT116 cells. Mechanism study revealed that LINC01210 increased the expression of SRSF3 by recruiting mixed lineage leukaemia protein-1, which upregulated the trimethylation of H3K4 me3 on SRSF3 promoter. Silencing SRSF3 reversed the effects of LINC01210 on CRC cells. In conclusions, LINC01210 accelerated proliferation and invasion in CRC cells through epigenetically upregulating SRSF3, and may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Buning Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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17
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Shi B, Xu FF, Xiang CP, Li CY, Fan P, Wang H. HIF1α/VEGF Feedback Loop Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851401. [PMID: 35355718 PMCID: PMC8959760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is one of the basic drugs in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy, and its efficacy is mainly limited by the acquisition of drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) was screened for high expression in 5-Fu resistant HCT115 cells, which displayed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Suppression of HIF1α reversed EMT phenotype, reduced glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) expression, a key molecule mediated drug resistance. Moreover, we unveiled that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was regulated by HIF1α and mediated HIF1α-maintained malignant phenotype of 5-Fu resistant cells. Further studies verified that AKT/GSK3β signaling was activated in resistant cells and controlled HIF1α expression. Interestingly, we demonstrated that VEGF could feedback up-regulate HIF1α via AKT/GSK3β signaling. Clinically, HIF1α and VEGF were high expressed and associated with survival and prognosis in CRC patients. In conclusion, our findings proposed that HIF1α/VEGF feedback loop contributed to 5-Fu resistance, which might be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cai-Ping Xiang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Yan Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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18
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Jia Z, An J, Liu Z, Zhang F. Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Their Functions and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2022; 12:783079. [PMID: 35186731 PMCID: PMC8847166 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.783079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC remain unclear. Controversies over the exact functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the progression of CRC have been prevailing for multiple years. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in various human cancers, including CRC. The intracellular signaling pathways by which ncRNAs act on tumor cells have been explored, and in CRC, various studies have identified numerous dysregulated ncRNAs that serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the process of tumorigenesis through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (mainly lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs) in the tumorigenesis of CRC. We also discuss the potential applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as therapeutic targets in CRC. This review details strategies that trigger the recognition of CRC-related ncRNAs, as well as the methodologies and challenges of studying these molecules, and the forthcoming clinical applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimo Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaqi An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Lu J, Xiao Z, Xu M, Li L. New Insights into LINC00346 and its Role in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:819785. [PMID: 35096842 PMCID: PMC8794746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.819785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 346 (LINC00346) functions as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of several cancers. The expression level of LINC00346 has been shown to be obviously correlated with prognosis, lymphoma metastasis, histological grade, TNM stage, tumor size and pathologic stage. LINC00346 has been found to regulate specific cellular functions by interacting with several molecules and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize recent evidence concerning the role of LINC00346 in the occurrence and development of diseases. We also discuss the potential clinical utility of LINC00346, thereby providing new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In addition, we further discuss the potential clinical utility of LINC00346 in the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases Shengzhou People' Hospital, Shengzhou Branch, The Fisrt Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Shengzhou People' Hospital, Shengzhou Branch, The Fisrt Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Bao J, Bi X, Wang J, Li X. Long noncoding RNA LINC00649 functions as a microRNA‑432‑5p sponge to facilitate tumourigenesis in colorectal cancer by upregulating HDGF. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:104. [PMID: 35088877 PMCID: PMC8822880 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 649 (LINC00649) is a functional regulator in acute myeloid leukaemia. However, the contribution of LINC00649 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be confirmed. Accordingly, the present investigation was devoted to exploring the detailed functions of LINC00649 and reveal the mechanisms underlying the LINC00649-induced promotion of CRC progression. LINC00649 expression in CRC was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Knockdown of LINC00649 was achieved using small interfering RNAs or short hairpin RNA, followed by functional experiments. The binding between LINC00649 and microRNA (miR)-432-5p was predicted by a bioinformatics tool, and corroborated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. In the present study, LINC00649 was expressed at a high level in CRC. The aberrant expression of LINC00649 exhibited an inverse association with CRC patient prognosis. Functionally, the downregulation of LINC00649 exerted anticarcinogenic activities in CRC by decreasing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inducing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the growth of CRC cells in vivo was attenuated after LINC00649 deficiency. Mechanistically, LINC00649 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA by competitively binding to miR-432-5p in CRC cells, inducing an increase in hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Ultimately, functional rescue experiments highlighted that the exogenous introduction of miR-432-5p inhibitor or HDGF overexpression plasmid partially abated the inhibitory effects of LINC00649 silencing. In conclusion, LINC00649 promoted the aggressiveness of CRC cells by adjusting the miR-432-5p/HDGF axis. Thus, the LINC00649/miR-432-5p/HDGF pathway may be a promising target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Bao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang, Chongqing 401121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokai Bi
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang, Chongqing 401121, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang, Chongqing 401121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang, Chongqing 401121, P.R. China
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21
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Han H, Li Y, Qin W, Wang L, Yin H, Su B, Yuan X. miR-199b-3p contributes to acquired resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancer by targeting CRIM1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35090460 PMCID: PMC8796585 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in the development of efficient chemotherapy, the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenge due to acquired chemoresistance. It has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is associated with the development of chemoresistance. Recently, the expression of miR-199b-3p has been found to be significantly different between cetuximab (CTx)-resistant and -sensitive CRC cells. However, its role and the underlying mechanisms in acquired chemoresistance to CTx in CRC are still obscure. Methods Here we report that miR-199b-3p is significantly up-regulated in both CTx-resistant (CTxR) CRC tissues and cell lines. Results Functional assays showed that suppressing miR-199b-3p could improve the sensitivity of CRC-CTxR cells to CTx, thereby reducing cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhancing cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CRIM1 is a direct target of miR-199b-3p in CRC-CTxR cells; and the effect of miR-199b-3p on CTx-resistance was exerted by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via CRIM1. Furthermore, mice xenograft models were established and confirmed that down-regulating miR-199b-3p restores the inhibition effect of CTx on tumor growth in CRC-CTxR. Collectively, our data suggest that silencing miR-199b-3p could enhance the anti-tumor effects of CTx on CTx-resistant CRC in vitro and in vivo by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via the down-regulation of CRIM1. Conclusions Our findings suggest miR-199b-3p might serve as a promising therapeutic target against CTx resistant CRC, and provide scientific information for exploring novel strategies of improving the efficacy of CTx for CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02460-x.
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22
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Yang Z, Deng W, Zhang X, An Y, Liu Y, Yao H, Zhang Z. Opportunities and Challenges of Nanoparticles in Digestive Tumours as Anti-Angiogenic Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 11:789330. [PMID: 35083147 PMCID: PMC8784389 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tumours, a common kind of malignancy worldwide, have recently led to the most tumour-related deaths. Angiogenesis, the process of forming novel blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the body. Many studies suggest that abnormal angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth, progression, and metastasis of digestive tumours. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy is considered a promising target for improving therapeutic efficacy. Traditional strategies such as bevacizumab and regorafenib can target and block the activity of proangiogenic factors to treat digestive tumours. However, due to resistance and some limitations, such as poor pharmacokinetics, their efficacy is not always satisfactory. In recent years, nanotechnology-based anti-angiogenic therapies have emerged as a new way to treat digestive tumours. Compared with commonly used drugs, nanoparticles show great potential in tumour targeted delivery, controlled drug release, prolonged cycle time, and increased drug bioavailability. Therefore, anti-angiogenic nanoparticles may be an effective complementary therapy to treat digestive tumours. In this review, we outline the different mechanisms of angiogenesis, the effects of nanoparticles on angiogenesis, and their biomedical applications in various kinds of digestive tumours. In addition, the opportunities and challenges are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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23
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Kattan SW, Hobani YH, Abubakr Babteen N, Alghamdi SA, Toraih EA, Ibrahiem AT, Fawzy MS, Faisal S. Association of B-cell lymphoma 2/microRNA-497 gene expression ratio score with metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer: A propensity-matched cohort analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24227. [PMID: 34994989 PMCID: PMC8841134 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated microRNAs (miRs) significantly impact cancer development and progression. Our in silico analysis revealed that miR‐497 and its target gene B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL2) could be related to poor cancer outcomes. Purpose To investigate the BCL2/miRNA‐497 expression ratio in colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and CRC prognosis. Methods Archived samples from 106 CRC patients were enrolled. MiR‐497 and BCL2 gene expressions were detected by Taq‐Man Real‐Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in propensity‐matched metastatic and nonmetastatic cohorts after elimination of confounder bias. Results B‐cell lymphoma‐2 gene was upregulated in metastatic samples (median = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.09–1.60) compared to nonmetastatic (median = 1.02, 95%CI = 0.89–1.25, p < 0.001). In contrast, lower levels of miR‐495 were detected in specimens with distant metastasis (median = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.04–0.20) than nonmetastatic samples (median = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.47–0.58, p < 0.001). Estimated BCL2/miR‐497 ratio yielded a significant differential expression between the two cohort groups. Higher scores were observed in metastasis group (median = 1.39, 95%CI = 0.9–1.51) than nonmetastatic patients (median = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.19–0.39, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed BCL2/miR‐497 ratio score to have the highest predictive accuracy for metastasis at presentation. The area under the curve was 0.90 (95%CI = 0.839–0.964, p < 0.001) at cut‐off of >0.525, with high sensitivity 81.1% (95%CI = 68.6%–89.4%) and specificity 92.5% (95%CI = 82.1%–97.0%). Also, the ratio score was negatively correlated with disease‐free survival (r = −0.676, p < 0.001) and overall survival times (r = −0.650, p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curves showed lower survival rates in cohorts with high‐score compared to low‐score patients. Conclusion The BCL2/miR497 expression ratio is associated with poor CRC prognosis in terms of metastasis and short survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad W Kattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya H Hobani
- Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abubakr Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alghamdi
- Medical Genetics, Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Faisal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Wei X, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun Z, Meng X, Wang Z. Long non-coding RNA MAGI2 -AS3 inactivates STAT3 pathway to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation via acting as a microRNA-424-5p sponge. J Cancer 2022; 13:343-353. [PMID: 34976194 PMCID: PMC8692692 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that results in sustained activation of cell growth promoting pathways is an important mechanism in driving prostate cancer progression. In the present study, we explored differentially expressed lncRNAs in two microarray datasets of prostate benign and malignant tissues. We found that MAGI2-AS3 was one of the most downregulated lncRNAs in prostate tumors, which was further confirmed in our collected clinical samples. The function assays showed that MAGI2-AS3 overexpression decreased cell viability and led to obvious cell apoptosis in PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Elevation of MAGI2-AS3 decreased the activity of STAT3 in PC-3 and DU145. In addition, microRNA-424-5p (miR-424-5p), a positive regulator of STAT3 pathway, was predicted as a target of MAGI2-AS3, furthermore, the interaction between MAGI2-AS3 and miR-424-5p was confirmed via reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). MAGI2-AS3 upregulated miR-424-5p and downregulated COP1 in PC-3 and DU145. More importantly, IL6-induced activation of STAT3 pathway could attenuate the biological effect of MAGI2-AS3 in PC-3 and DU145. In clinical samples, MAGI2-AS3 levels were negatively correlated with miR-424-5p expression, while positively correlated with COP1 mRNA expression. Altogether, the current study revealed MAGI2-AS3 as a novel negative regulator of prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Huaiwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Xiangdi Meng
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130033, P.R.China
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Zhang L, Wu H, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Chu F, Zhang L. Induction of lncRNA NORAD accounts for hypoxia-induced chemoresistance and vasculogenic mimicry in colorectal cancer by sponging the miR-495-3p/ hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Bioengineered 2022; 13:950-962. [PMID: 34969360 PMCID: PMC8805945 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2015530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment represents the hallmark of solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC) and facilitates angiogenesis and chemoresistance, leading to poor prognosis. lncRNA NORAD acts as an oncogenic gene to orchestrate cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation and migration. Notably, an emerging study corroborates the elevation of NORAD during hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, its biological role in hypoxia-evoked CRC remains unclear. Herein, enhanced expression of NORAD and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was validated in CRC tissues. Furthermore, there was a positive association between NORAD and HIF-1α in CRC tissues. CRC cells exposed to hypoxia exhibited a stronger ability to form vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), concomitant with higher expression of NORAD. NORAD knockdown restrained hypoxia-induced VM formation and VM marker VE-cadherin expression. Moreover, knockdown of NORAD counteracted CRC cell resistance to 5-FU by decreasing cell viability and increasing cell apoptosis. Additionally, NORAD loss reduced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin expression. Intriguingly, HIF-1α overexpression reversed NORAD downregulation-mediated inhibition of VM formation and 5-FU resistance. There was a low expression of miR-495-3p in CRC tissues. Furthermore, NORAD could act as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-495-3p to regulate HIF-1α. Importantly, inhibition of miR-495-3p muted the efficacy of NORAD loss in hypoxia-induced EMT, VM, and chemoresistance. Thus, the current data highlight that NORAD knockdown may antagonize hypoxia-triggered CRC malignancy by suppressing VM formation and chemoresistance by sponging miR-495-3p/HIF-1α to regulate EMT, supporting a promising therapeutic target for refractory hypoxia in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Xiao
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Chu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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26
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Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhu J, Wang X. Long noncoding RNA CRART16 confers 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer cells by sponging miR-193b-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:638. [PMID: 34844630 PMCID: PMC8628471 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the main cause of treatment failure in advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in 5-FU resistance. Previously, we first detected that lncRNA cetuximab resistance-associated RNA transcript 16 (CRART16) could contribute to cetuximab resistance by upregulating V-Erb-B2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homologue 3 (ERBB3) expression by sponging miR-371a-5p in CRC cells. The current study aimed to explore the role of CRART16 in acquired 5-FU resistance in CRC cells and its possible mechanism. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression levels of CRART16 in a 5-FU-resistant CRC cell subline (SW620/5-FU) and the parent cell line. Lentivirus transduction was performed to establish SW620 and Caco-2 cells stably overexpressing CRART16. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and colony formation assays were applied to measure cell chemosensitivity to 5-FU. Flow cytometric and immunofluorescence staining were adopted to assess cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the direct interactions between CRART16 and miR-193b-5p and between miR-193b-5p and high-mobility group AT-hook-2 (HMGA2). The expression levels of HMGA2, apoptosis-associated proteins and p-ERK were examined by western blotting. The statistical differences within any two groups were used Student’s t test. Results CRART16 was upregulated in SW620/5-FU cells. Overexpression of CRART16 reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by attenuating apoptosis. In addition, CRART16 promoted 5-FU resistance by suppressing the expression of miR-193b-5p. Furthermore, CRART16 modulated the expression of HMGA2 by inhibiting miR-193b-5p and activated the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions CRART16 confers 5-FU resistance in CRC cells through the CRART16/miR-193b-5p/HMGA2/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, NO. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Zhang Y, Guan B, WU Y, Du F, Zhuang J, Yang Y, Guan G, Liu X. LncRNAs Associated with Chemoradiotherapy Response and Prognosis in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6275-6292. [PMID: 34866926 PMCID: PMC8636753 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only limited studies on the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) response and prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. This study identified lncRNAs associated with NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients and explored their potential predictive mechanisms. METHODS The study subjected the LncRNA expression profiles from our previous gene chip data to LASSO and identified a four-lncRNA signature that predicted NCRT response and prognosis. A Cox regression model was subsequently performed to identify the prognostic risk factors. The function of LINC00909, the lncRNA with the most powerful predictive ability, was finally identified in vivo and in vitro using CRC cell lines. RESULTS A comparison of the relative lncRNA expression of NCRT-responsive and non-responsive patients revealed four hub lncRNAs: DBET, LINC00909, FLJ33534, and HSD52 with AUC = 0.68, 0.73, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively (all p < 0.05). COX regression analysis further demonstrated that DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 were associated with the DFS in CRC patients. The expression of the four lncRNAs was also significant in LARC patients who had not undergone NCRT (all p < 0.05). A risk score model was subsequently constructed based on the results of the multivariate COX analysis and used to predict NCRT response and prognosis in the CRC and LARC patients. The expression and prognosis of DBET, LINC00909 and FLJ33534 in the CRC tissues were further validated in the R2 platform and Oncomine database. Notably, overexpression of the LINC00909 increased the cell line resistance to the 5-FU and radiotherapy in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION DBET, LINC00909, and FLJ33534 are potential novel biomarkers for predicting NCRT response and prognosis in CRC patients. In particular, LINC00909 is an effective oncogene in CRC that could be used as a novel therapeutic target to enhance NCRT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong WU
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Lv X, Xu G. Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1648-1667. [PMID: 34853641 PMCID: PMC8603464 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent types of malignant carcinoma and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies for GI cancers in recent decades, drug resistance with various mechanisms remains the prevailing cause of therapy failure in GI cancers. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has crucial, complex roles in many cellular functions related to drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the resistance of GI cancers to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and traditional medicine. Various processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, tumor microenvironment alteration, and microRNA biogenesis, are proposed as the main mechanisms of TGF-β-mediated drug resistance in GI cancers. Several studies have already indicated the benefit of combining antitumor drugs with agents that suppress the TGF-β signaling pathway, but this approach needs to be verified in additional clinical studies. Moreover, the identification of potential biological markers that can be used to predict the response to TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors during anticancer treatments will have important clinical implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Mammes A, Pasquier J, Mammes O, Conti M, Douard R, Loric S. Extracellular vesicles: General features and usefulness in diagnosis and therapeutic management of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1561-1598. [PMID: 34853637 PMCID: PMC8603448 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, among all type of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed in males and the second in females. In most of cases, (RP1) patients’ prognosis limitation with malignant tumors can be attributed to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Identification of patients with early-stage disease leads to more effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, new screening methods and further innovative treatment approaches are mandatory as they may lead to an increase in progression-free and overall survival rates. For the last decade, the interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has exponentially increased as EVs generation appears to be a universal feature of every cell that is strongly involved in many mechanisms of cell-cell communication either in physiological or pathological situations. EVs can cargo biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and generate transmission signal through the intercellular transfer of their content. By this mechanism, tumor cells can recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of EVs production in colorectal normal and cancer tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of EVs for early CRC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis as EVs have come into the spotlight of research as a high potential source of ‘liquid biopsies’. The use of EVs as new targets or nanovectors as drug delivery systems for CRC therapy is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Mammes
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
| | | | - Marc Conti
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
- Metabolism Research Unit, Integracell SAS, Longjumeau 91160, France
| | - Richard Douard
- UCBM, Necker University Hospital, Paris 75015, France
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Clinique Bizet, Paris 75016, France
| | - Sylvain Loric
- INSERM UMR-938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Unit, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris 75012, France
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30
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Chen C, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wu X, Si C, Xu Y, Kang Q, Sun Z. m6A Modification in Non-Coding RNA: The Role in Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746789. [PMID: 34745970 PMCID: PMC8564146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance has always been a major difficulty in cancer therapy. In the face of drug pressure, resistant cancer cells show complex molecular mechanisms including epigenetic changes to maintain survival. Studies prove that cancer cells exhibit abnormal m6A modification after acquiring drug resistance. m6A modification in the target RNA including non-coding RNA can be a controller to determine the fate and metabolism of RNA by regulating their stability, subcellular localization, or translation. In particular, m6A-modified non-coding RNA plays multiple roles in multiple drug-resistant cancer cells, which can be a target for cancer drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the complex regulatory mechanisms of m6A-modified non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance, and we discuss its potential value and challenges in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Si
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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31
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Sologova SS, Mokhosoev IM, Terentiev AA. Predictive biomarkers for systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1147-1164. [PMID: 34582293 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1987217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. In recent years, several systemic therapy drugs including sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucicurab, nivilumab, and pembrolizumab have been approved by FDA for advanced HCC. However, their insufficient efficacy, toxicity, and drug resistance require clinically applicable and validated predictive biomarkers.Areas covered: Our review covers the recent advancements in the identification of proteomic/genomic/epigenomic/transcriptomic biomarkers for predicting HCC treatment efficacy with the use of multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs), CDK4/6 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Alpha-fetoprotein, des-carboxyprothrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and dysregulated MTOR, VEGFR2, c-KIT, RAF1, PDGFRβ have the potential of proteomic/genomic biomarkers for sorafenib treatment. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin-bilirubin grade can predict the efficacy of other MKIs. Rb, p16, and Ki-67, and genes involved in cell cycle regulation, CDK1-4, CCND1, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A have been proposed for CD4/6 inhibitors, while dysregulated TERT, CTNNB1, TP53 FGF19, and TP53 are found to be predictors for ICI efficacy.Expert opinion: There are still limited clinically applicable and validated predictive biomarkers to identify HCC patients who benefit from systemic therapy. Further prospective biomarker validation studies for HCC personalized systemic therapy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia, Russia
| | - Susanna S Sologova
- Department of Pharmacology, Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia, Russia
| | - Innokenty M Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.i. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.i. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Fu Y, Huang R, Li J, Xie X, Deng Y. LncRNA ENSG00000254615 Modulates Proliferation and 5-FU Resistance by Regulating p21 and Cyclin D1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:696-710. [PMID: 33938344 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1923727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is an urgent problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy that needs to be resolved. To investigate 5-FU-associated lncRNAs for CRC might be of great significant. LncRNA ENSG00000254615 was detected by RNA-sequencing. ENSG00000254615 were detected highly expressed in 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells and tissue specimens, and inhibited cell proliferation and attenuated 5-FU resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ENSG00000254615 participated in the regulation of p21 and Cyclin D1. Taken together, we proposed that ENSG00000254615 inhibits proliferation and attenuates 5-FU resistance of CRC by regulating p21 and Cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Runqing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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33
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Ma YN, Hong YG, Yu GY, Jiang SY, Zhao BL, Guo A, Wang Y, Cui XM, Hao LQ, Zheng H. LncRNA LBX2-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:501. [PMID: 34535128 PMCID: PMC8449476 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that the long non-coding RNA LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) acts as an important regulator in cancer progression, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains undetermined. METHODS LBX2-AS1 expression levels in CRC were determined from the GEPIA database and CRC tissues to investigate clinical relevance. meRIP-PCR assays investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of m6A in LBX2-AS1. Loss of function experiments was used to define the role of LBX2-AS1 in the progression of CRC. The ceRNA function of LBX2-AS1 was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation. In vitro and PDX models were used to determine if LBX2-AS1 promotes 5-fluorouracil resistance. RESULTS Data from the TCGA and our institutional patient cohorts established that LBX2-AS1 levels were significantly upregulated in most CRC tissues relative to normal adjacent colon tissues. Moreover, LBX2-AS1 levels were positively correlated with aggressive disease characteristics, constituting an independent prognostic indicator of overall patient survival. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the increased LBX2-AS1 in CRC was mediated by METTL3-dependent m6A methylation. In vitro experiments indicated that knockdown of LBX2-AS1 inhibited CRC proliferation, migration and invasion with this phenotype linked to LBX2-AS1-mediated regulation of AKT1, acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-422a. Ex vivo analysis of patient-derived CRC xenografts showed that low LBX2-AS1 expression cases exhibited 5-FU responsiveness and clinical investigations confirmed that low LBX2-AS1 expression was associated with improved clinical benefits from 5-FU therapy. CONCLUSIONS Together these results suggest that LBX2-AS1 may serve as a therapeutic target and predictor of 5-FU benefit in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Ma
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yong-Gang Hong
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Guan-Yu Yu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Si-yuan Jiang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Bo-lun Zhao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China ,grid.440706.10000 0001 0175 8217School of Nursing, Dalian University, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning China
| | - An Guo
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yao Wang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiao-ming Cui
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Heredity Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Qiu Y, Wang X, Fan Z, Zhan S, Jiang X, Huang J. Integrated analysis on the N6-methyladenosine-related long noncoding RNAs prognostic signature, immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1596-1612. [PMID: 34432955 PMCID: PMC8589390 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have a poor prognosis and lack effective prognostic biomarkers. N6‐methyladenosine‐related lncRNAs (m6A‐related long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs]) have been confirmed to be associated with the development of multiple tumors, but its role in ccRCC is not clear. Methods Gene expression data and clinical information of ccRCC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas Database. The prognostic m6A‐related lncRNAs were obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Afterward, the cluster classification and its correlation with prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immunity were analyzed. LASSO regression was used to establish the prognostic risk model. The predictive performance of the prognostic model was evaluated and validated by survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, et al. The expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration in patients with different risks were systematically analyzed. Results A total of 27 prognostic m6A‐related lncRNAs were identified. These m6A‐related lncRNAs were differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues. Among them, 24 high‐risk m6A‐related lncRNAs were overexpressed in Cluster 2 and correlated with poor prognosis, low stromal score, high expression of immune checkpoints, and immunosuppressive cells infiltration. Based upon, a prognostic risk model composed of seven m6A‐related lncRNAs was constructed. After a series of analyses, it was proved that this model had good sensitivity and specificity, and could predict the prognosis of patients with different clinical stratification. The expression of PD‐1, PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, LAG‐3, TIM‐3, and TIGIT were significantly increased in the high‐risk patients, and there was a correlation between the risk score and immune cell infiltration. Conclusions The seven m6A‐related lncRNAs prognostic risk signature showed reliable prognostic predictive power for ccRCC and was associated with the expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration. This seven m6A‐related lncRNAs signature will be helpful in managing ccRCC and guiding individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qiu
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjia Fan
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanhui Zhan
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Cancer Care, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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35
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Chalabi-Dchar M, Fenouil T, Machon C, Vincent A, Catez F, Marcel V, Mertani HC, Saurin JC, Bouvet P, Guitton J, Venezia ND, Diaz JJ. A novel view on an old drug, 5-fluorouracil: an unexpected RNA modifier with intriguing impact on cancer cell fate. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab032. [PMID: 34409299 PMCID: PMC8364333 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat patients with solid tumours, such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and half of patients experience tumour recurrence. Used for over 60 years, 5-FU was long thought to exert its cytotoxic effects by altering DNA metabolism. However, 5-FU mode of action is more complex than previously anticipated since 5-FU is an extrinsic source of RNA modifications through its ability to be incorporated into most classes of RNA. In particular, a recent report highlighted that, by its integration into the most abundant RNA, namely ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 5-FU creates fluorinated active ribosomes and induces translational reprogramming. Here, we review the historical knowledge of 5-FU mode of action and discuss progress in the field of 5-FU-induced RNA modifications. The case of rRNA, the essential component of ribosome and translational activity, and the plasticity of which was recently associated with cancer, is highlighted. We propose that translational reprogramming, induced by 5-FU integration in ribosomes, contributes to 5-FU-driven cell plasticity and ultimately to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Saurin
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nicole Dalla Venezia
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Circulating non-coding RNAs as new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2220-2236. [PMID: 34275108 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and a large number of patients are diagnosed and die every year. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis, prediction and treatment, early diagnosis rate of CRC is low and the prognosis is poor. Studies have found that abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),etc.) play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of CRC. Some studies have shown that they are stable in the blood and can be detected repeatedly. They are expected to be non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and prediction of drug sensitivity of CRC, as well as potential applications in the treatment of CRC.
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37
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Guo X, Liang X, Wang Y, Cheng A, Qin C, Zhang H, Wang Z. Construction and Comprehensive Prognostic Analysis of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network and Tumor Immune Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:652601. [PMID: 34276767 PMCID: PMC8281064 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in almost all human tumors, including CRC. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks have become hot topics in cancer research. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) have also been reported to be closely related to the survival and prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we used the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network combined with tumor immune cell infiltration to predict the survival and prognosis of 598 CRC patients. First, we downloaded the lncRNA, mRNA, and miRNA transcriptome data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified differentially expressed genes through “limma” package of R software. The ceRNA regulatory network was established by using the “GDCRNATools” R package. Then, univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis were performed to identify the optimal prognostic network nodes, including SRPX, UST, H19, SNHG7, hsa-miR-29b-3p, and TTYH3. Next, we analyzed the differences in 22 types of TICs between 58 normal subjects and 206 CRC patients and included memory CD4 T cells, dendritic cells and neutrophils in the construction of a prognostic model. Finally, we identified the relationship between the ceRNA prognostic model and the infiltrating immune cell prognostic model. In conclusion, we constructed two prognostic models that provide insights on the prognosis and treatment strategy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Bendova P, Pardini B, Susova S, Rosendorf J, Levy M, Skrobanek P, Buchler T, Kral J, Liska V, Vodickova L, Landi S, Soucek P, Naccarati A, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Genetic variations in microRNA-binding sites of solute carrier transporter genes as predictors of clinical outcome in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:378-394. [PMID: 33319241 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the principal mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in highly frequent solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), is the decreased activity of drug transport into tumor cells due to low expression of important membrane proteins, such as solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Sequence complementarity is a major determinant for target gene recognition by microRNAs (miRNAs). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in target sequences transcribed into messenger RNA may therefore alter miRNA binding to these regions by either creating a new site or destroying an existing one. miRSNPs may explain the modulation of expression levels in association with increased/decreased susceptibility to common diseases as well as in chemoresistance and the consequent inter-individual variability in drug response. In the present study, we investigated whether miRSNPs in SLC transporter genes may modulate CRC susceptibility and patient's survival. Using an in silico approach for functional predictions, we analyzed 26 miRSNPs in 9 SLC genes in a cohort of 1368 CRC cases and 698 controls from the Czech Republic. After correcting for multiple tests, we found several miRSNPs significantly associated with patient's survival. SNPs in SLCO3A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3 genes were defined as prognostic factors in the classification and regression tree analysis. In contrast, we did not observe any significant association between miRSNPs and CRC risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating miRSNPs potentially affecting miRNA binding to SLC transporter genes and their impact on CRC susceptibility or patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bendova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Pardini
- IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Susova
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skrobanek
- Department of Oncology, Thomayer Hospital, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, Thomayer Hospital, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kral
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Luo W, Liu Q, Chen X, Liu H, Quan B, Lu J, Zhang K, Wang X. FXYD6 Regulates Chemosensitivity by Mediating the Expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 and Affecting Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9986376. [PMID: 34212047 PMCID: PMC8208849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9986376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance is a challenge of improving chemotherapeutic efficacy and prolonging survival time for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); it is the major cause of frequent recurrence, rapid metastasis, and poor prognosis for CRC patients. FXYD6 is a regulator of Na+/K+-ATPase which is depressed in chemoresistant CRC patients. However, the biological roles of FXYD6 on regulating chemoresistance in CRC are still unclear. METHODS GSE3964 and GSE69657 from GEO DataSets were used to analyze the relationship of genes and chemoresistance. The FXYD6 expression level was detected by western blotting and real-time PCR and also analyzed from TCGA DataSet. To investigate the functional role of FXYD6 and ATP-α1, FXYD6 and ATP-α1 functional cell models were constructed. Drug sensitivity and cell proliferation were performed by MTT assay. Autophagy and apoptosis were conducted by autophagy fluorescence analysis and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Autophagy and apoptosis markers were tested by western blotting. RESULTS FXYD6 was downregulated in CRC resistant patients and irinotecan- (Iri-) resistant SW620 cells (SW620/Iri). FXYD6 silence inhibited cell apoptosis and enhanced prosurvival autophagy, whereas FXYD6 overexpression produced the opposite effect which alleviated the drug resistance to irinotecan and oxaliplatin of CRC cells. FXYD6 regulates chemosensitivity by mediating the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 and affecting cell autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION FXYD6 functions as a chemosensitivity regulator which may predict the curative effect of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Qingan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Bin Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Jinli Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
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40
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Zheng Q, Jia J, Zhou Z, Chu Q, Lian W, Chen Z. The Emerging Role of Thymopoietin-Antisense RNA 1 as Long Noncoding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancers. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:848-857. [PMID: 34096793 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in the occurrence and development of multiple human cancers. An accumulating body of researches have investigated thymopoietin antisense RNA 1 (TMPO-AS1) as a newly discovered lncRNA, which functions as an oncogenic lncRNA that is upregulated in various human malignancies and associated with poor prognosis. Many studies have detected abnormally high expression levels of TMPO-AS1 in multiple cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma, CRC, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer, esophageal cancer, Wilms tumor, cervical cancer, retinoblastoma, bladder cancer, osteosarcoma, and prostate cancer. TMPO-AS1 has been subsequently demonstrated to play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression. The aberrantly expressed TMPO-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that inhibits miRNA expression, thus activating the expression of downstream oncogenes. This study comprehensively summarizes the aberrant expressions of TMPO-AS1 as reported in the current literature and explains the relevant biological regulation mechanisms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Corresponding studies have indicated that TMPO-AS1 has a potential value as a promising biomarker or a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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41
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Ma G, Dai W, Zhang J, Li Q, Gu B, Song Y, Yang X. ELK1‑mediated upregulation of lncRNA LBX2‑AS1 facilitates cell proliferation and invasion via regulating miR‑491‑5p/S100A11 axis in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:138. [PMID: 34080639 PMCID: PMC8175069 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) in colorectal cancer. Firstly, LBX2-AS1 expression was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in colorectal cancer tissues and cells, and its prognostic and diagnostic efficacy was assessed in a colorectal cancer cohort (n=145). Subcellular fractionation assay of LBX2-AS1 was performed. Secondly, the effects of LBX2-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-491-5p on colorectal cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were investigated by a series of functional assays. Thirdly, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter and gain and loss of function assays were carried out to analyze the interactions between ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) and LBX2-AS1, as well as LBX2-AS1, miR-491-5p and S100A11. The results showed that LBX2-AS1 was upregulated both in colorectal cancer tissues and cells, which was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of colorectal cancer cells. Clinically, high LBX2-AS1 expression could be an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Furthermore, relative operating characteristic curve analysis showed that LBX2-AS1 was a sensitive diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. Highly expressed ELK1, as a transcription factor, could bind to the two conserved sites in the promoter region of LBX2-AS1, thereby activating the transcription of LBX2-AS1. Silencing LBX2-AS1 markedly inhibited proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of colorectal cancer cells. miR-491-5p expression was downregulated, while S100A11 expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that LBX2-AS1 could block S100A11 degradation via competitively binding to miR-491-5p. Furthermore, LBX2-AS1 overexpression could notably reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-491-5p on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, LBX2-AS1 induced by transcription factor ELK1 may facilitate colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion via regulation of the miR-491-5p/S100A11 axis. Thus, LBX2-AS1 could be an underlying prognostic and diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Dai
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Qianjun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Biao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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42
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Li GH, Qu Q, Qi TT, Teng XQ, Zhu HH, Wang JJ, Lu Q, Qu J. Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:174. [PMID: 34011395 PMCID: PMC8132395 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although new developments of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy treatments for cancer have improved patient survival, the emergence of chemoresistance in cancer has significant impacts on treatment effects. The development of chemoresistance involves several polygenic, progressive mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as both genetic and epigenetic heterogeneities. Chemotherapeutics induce epigenetic reprogramming in cancer cells, converting a transient transcriptional state into a stably resistant one. Super-enhancers (SEs) are central to the maintenance of identity of cancer cells and promote SE-driven-oncogenic transcriptions to which cancer cells become highly addicted. This dependence on SE-driven transcription to maintain chemoresistance offers an Achilles' heel for chemoresistance. Indeed, the inhibition of SE components dampens oncogenic transcription and inhibits tumor growth to ultimately achieve combined sensitization and reverse the effects of drug resistance. No reviews have been published on SE-related mechanisms in the cancer chemoresistance. In this review, we investigated the structure, function, and regulation of chemoresistance-related SEs and their contributions to the chemotherapy via regulation of the formation of cancer stem cells, cellular plasticity, the microenvironment, genes associated with chemoresistance, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immunity. The discovery of these mechanisms may aid in the development of new drugs to improve the sensitivity and specificity of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qi Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Xie P, Yuan FQ, Huang MS, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Li X, Liu ZQ. DCBLD2 Affects the Development of Colorectal Cancer via EMT and Angiogenesis and Modulates 5-FU Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669285. [PMID: 34095137 PMCID: PMC8170045 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DCBLD2 is highly expressed in various cancers, including colorectal cancer. DCBLD2 overexpression promotes tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. However, DCBLD2 sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs and its mechanism on tumor development are unknown. Methods: DCBLD2 expression differences in cancer and normal tissues were obtained from GEO and TCGA databases. DCBLD2 influence on prognosis was also compared, and the database analysis results were verified via the analysis of clinical samples. GDSC database was used to analyze the effect of DCBLD2 expression difference on 5-FU drug sensitivity on tumor cells. CCK-8, clone formation, scratch, Transwell invasion and migration assays were used to assess DCBLD2 effects on the proliferation, metastasis, and 5-FU drug sensitivity on HCT116 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. Angiogenesis and Matrigel plug assays were used to study the effect of DCBLD2 on angiogenesis. Q-RCR and Western Blot were used to analyze DCBLD2 impact on the EMT signaling pathway, and TAP-MS assay with Co-IP verification was used to identify the downstream target proteins binding to DCBLD2. Results: Both database and clinical sample validation results showed that the expression of DCBLD2 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, leading to poor prognosis of patients. GDSC database analysis showed that DCBLD2 overexpression caused tumor cell resistance to 5-FU. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the inhibition of DCBLD2 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells, inhibited the angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and enhanced the drug sensitivity to 5-FU. The results of q-RCR and Western Blot experiments showed that the inhibition of DCBLD2 can suppress the EMT signal. The results of TAP-MS assay showed that the proteins bound to DCBLD2 were enriched to the Focal adhesion pathway. The results of Co-IP assay show that DCBLD2 can combine with ITGB1, the key factor of Focal adhesion pathway. Conclusion: DCBLD2 may affect the development of colorectal cancer by regulating cell proliferation and motility, and modulate 5-FU resistance. Down-regulation of DCBLD2 can inhibit EMT signal and angiogenesis. DCBLD2 can combine with ITGB1, the key signal factor of the Focal adhesion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ma-Sha Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qian XL, Zhou F, Xu S, Jiang J, Chen ZP, Wang SK, Zuo Y, Ni C. MiR-454-3p Promotes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Targeting PTEN in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638537. [PMID: 34017681 PMCID: PMC8129568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oxaliplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. However, acquired resistance to oxaliplatin limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) between oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. We found that miR-454-3p was significantly up-regulated in oxaliplatin-resistant cells and was the most differently expressed miRNA. Interestingly, we observed that inhibition of miR-454-3p resensitized resistant cells to oxaliplatin and enhanced oxaliplatin-induced cellular apoptosis. Moreover, we determined that miR-454-3p promoted oxaliplatin resistance through targeting PTEN and activating the AKT signaling pathway. In vivo study revealed that overexpression of miR-454-3p decreased the sensitivity of HCT-116 xenograft tumors to oxaliplatin treatment in a mouse model. Clinically, overexpression of miR-454-3p was associated with decreased responsiveness to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, as well as a short progression-free survival. Taken together, our study indicated that the expression of miR-454-3p could be used to predict oxaliplatin sensitivity, and targeting miR-454-3p could overcome oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Qian
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Shao-Kai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
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Yang Y, Yan X, Li X, Ma Y, Goel A. Long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: Novel oncogenic mechanisms and promising clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:67-80. [PMID: 33577977 PMCID: PMC9715275 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the improvements in CRC diagnosis and treatment approaches, a considerable proportion of CRC patients still suffers from poor prognosis due to late disease detections and lack of personalized disease managements. Recent evidences have not only provided important molecular insights into their mechanistic behaviors but also indicated that identification of cancer-specific long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) could benefit earlier disease detections and improve treatment outcomes in patients suffering from CRC. LncRNAs have raised extensive attentions as they participate in various hallmarks of CRC. The mechanistic evidence gleaned in the recent decade clearly reveals that lncRNAs exert their oncogenic roles by regulating autophagy, epigenetic modifications, enhancing stem phenotype and modifying tumor microenvironment. In view of their pleiotropic functional roles in malignant progression, and their frequently dysregulated expression in CRC patients, they have great potential to be reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC. In the present review, we will focus on the oncogenic roles of lncRNAs and related mechanisms in CRC as well as discuss their clinical potential in the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction and therapeutic translation in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Yan Z, Hong S, Song Y, Bi M. microR-4449 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation via Regulation of SOCS3 and Activation of STAT3 Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3029-3039. [PMID: 33854373 PMCID: PMC8039016 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s266153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), which represented a critical level of gene expression modulation, regulated the development of colorectal cancer. However, the functions of numerous miRNAs remain unclear in colorectal cancer. Methods The microarray data of GSE115513 were retrieved; subsequently, the differentially expressed miRNAs between 411 colon tumors and 381 normal colon mucosa were analyzed. Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and bioinformatic analysis were applied to examine the expression of miR-4449 in collected colorectal tumors and published microarray data. The activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Dual-Luciferase assay and bioinformatic analysis were used to confirm the interaction between suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and miR-4449. Loss of function and rescue assays were performed to study the involvement of miR-4449 and SOCS3 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer. Results Herein, we identified miR-4449 as a novel upregulated miRNA in colorectal cancer. Our data suggested that miR-4449 downregulation blocked the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells accompanied with the elevation of cell apoptosis. Decreased expression of miR-4449 led to inactivation of STAT3 pathway as indicated by dephosphorylation of STAT3 and downregulation of STAT3 target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Myc, baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis containing 5 (BIRC5). Furthermore, SOCS3, a negative regulator of STAT3 pathway, was found to be a target gene of miR-4449. The data also showed that the inactivation of STAT3 pathway by miR-4449 inhibitor was realized by targeting SOCS3. Moreover, the biological function of miR-4449 downregulation was reversed by SOCS3 knockdown in colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion The current study revealed that miR-4449 promoted cell proliferation of colorectal cancer and was a promising potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Yan
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Hong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Song
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
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Micallef I, Baron B. The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33807355 PMCID: PMC8103280 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
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Gao Y, Luo X, Zhang J. Sp1-mediated up-regulation of lnc00152 promotes invasion and metastasis of retinoblastoma cells via the miR-30d/SOX9/ZEB2 pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:61-76. [PMID: 32488851 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 may act as a tumour suppressor in retinoblastoma. Overall, however, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in retinoblastoma. Here, we aimed to determine the expression and clinical significance of lnc00152 in retinoblastoma. METHODS Lnc00152 and its downstream targets were selected using GEO datasets. The level of lnc00152 in primary patient samples was determined using RT-qPCR. Odds ratios of invasion and metastasis were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Recurrence-free survival was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Scratch wound healing, transwell and tumorigenesis assays were used to determine migration and invasion abilities of retinoblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Levels of EMT-related proteins were measured using Western blotting. Binding sites between lnc00152 and its targets were validated using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Lnc00152 activating transcription factors were determined using ChIP assays. RESULTS We found that Lnc00152 was significantly up-regulated in retinoblastoma tumour tissues, and was a risk factor for tumour invasion, metastasis and recurrence. Lnc00152 overexpressing retinoblastoma cells exhibited a tendency to transform into mesenchymal cells, with significantly increased migration and invasion capacities, significantly decreased E-cadherin expression levels, and significantly increased N-cadherin, SOX9 and ZEB2 expression levels. In addition, we found that lnc00152, which was activated by Sp1, could inhibit miR-30d as an endogenous miRNA 'sponge', thereby regulating the expression of SOX9 and ZEB2. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Lnc00152 may be associated with retinoblastoma invasion, metastasis and prognosis. In addition, we conclude that Lnc00152, which can be activated by Sp1, can induce EMT via the miR-30d/SOX9/ZEB2 pathway and, by doing so, promote the invasion and metastasis of retinoblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Sun Y, Chen Y, Chi P, Xu Z, Lu X. Identification of LncRNAs Associated With FOLFOX Chemoresistance in mCRC and Construction of a Predictive Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609832. [PMID: 33585448 PMCID: PMC7876414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FOLFOX) regimen is the first-line chemotherapy of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, studies are limited regarding long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with FOLFOX chemotherapy response and prognosis. This study aimed to identify lncRNAs associated with FOLFOX chemotherapy response and prognosis in mCRC patients and to construct a predictive model. We analyzed lncRNA expression in 11 mCRC patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy before surgery (four sensitive, seven resistant) by Gene Array Chip. The top eight lncRNAs (AC007193.8, CTD-2008N3.1, FLJ36777, RP11-509J21.4, RP3-508I15.20, LOC100130950, RP5-1042K10.13, and LINC00476) for chemotherapy response were identified according to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was then constructed. The crucial functions of the eight lncRNAs enriched in chemotherapy resistance were mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and proteoglycans signaling pathway. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the eight lncRNAs were potent predictors for chemotherapy resistance of mCRC patients. To further identify a signature model lncRNA chemotherapy response and prognosis, the validation set consisted of 196 CRC patients from our center was used to validate lncRNAs expression and prognosis by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression of the eight lncRNAs expression between CRC cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was also verified in the validation data set to determine the prognostic value. A generalized linear model was established to predict the probability of chemotherapy resistance and survival. Our findings showed that the eight-lncRNA signature may be a novel biomarker for the prediction of FOLFOX chemotherapy response and prognosis of mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanwu Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fuzhou Dermatosis Prevention Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongbin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingrong Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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