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Babu S, Krishnan M, Panneerselvam A, Chinnaiyan M. A comprehensive review on therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in neuroregeneration. Life Sci 2023:121785. [PMID: 37196856 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Each year, thousands of people suffer from traumatic peripheral nerve lesions, which impair mobility and sensibility and frequently have fatal outcomes. The recovery of peripheral nerves on its own is frequently insufficient. In this regard, cell therapy is currently one of the most cutting-edge techniques for nerve healing. The purpose of this review is to highlight the properties of various types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are critical for peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The Preferred Reporting term used to review the available literature are "nerve regeneration," "stem cells," "peripheral nerve damage," "rat," and "human" were combined. In addition, using the phrases "stem cells" and "nerve regeneration" in PubMed, a "MeSH" search was conducted. This study describes the features of the most often utilized MSCs, as well as its paracrine potential, targeted stimulation, and propensity for differentiation into Schwann-like and neuronal-like cells. For the repair of peripheral nerve lesions, ADSCs appear to be the most relevant and promising MSCs, because of their ability to sustain and increase axonal growth, as well as their outstanding paracrine activity, putative differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, and excellent post-transplant survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamaladevi Babu
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Madhan Krishnan
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mayilvanan Chinnaiyan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Irfan M, Chung S. C5L2 modulates BDNF production in human dental pulp stem cells via p38α pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 36593314 PMCID: PMC9807628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury affects nerve fibers and triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation. The complement system gets activated during inflammatory conditions and has been reported to be involved in the regeneration process. We have demonstrated that the C5a receptor (C5aR) has crucial roles in regeneration and healing processes including nerve sprouting and hard tissue formation. Another C5a-like 2 receptor (C5AR2; C5L2) has been cloned which is still considered controversial due to limited studies. We previously established that C5L2 regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion in pulp fibroblasts. However, there is no study available on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), especially in the inflammatory context. Stem cell therapy is an emerging technique to treat and prevent several diseases. DPSCs are a great option to be considered due to their great ability to differentiate into a variety of cells and secrete nerve regeneration factors. Here, we demonstrated that C5L2 modulates BDNF secretion in DPSCs. Our results stated that C5L2 silencing through siRNA could increase BDNF production, which could accelerate the nerve regeneration process. Moreover, stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced BDNF production in C5L2 silenced DPSCs. Finally, we quantified BDNF secretion in supernatant and cell lysates using ELISA. Our results showed enhanced BDNF production in C5L2 silenced DPSCs and hampered by the p38MAPKα inhibitor. Taken together, our data reveal that C5L2 modulates BDNF production in DPSCs via the p38MAPKα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Epigenetic Regulation of Methylation in Determining the Fate of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5015856. [PMID: 36187229 PMCID: PMC9522499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are crucial in tooth development and periodontal health, and their multipotential differentiation and self-renewal ability play a critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Methylation modifications could promote the appropriate biological behavior by postsynthetic modification of DNA or protein and make the organism adapt to developmental and environmental prompts by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Methylation modifications involved in DMSC fate include DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications, which have been proven to exert a significant effect on the regulation of the fate of DMSCs, such as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Understanding the regulation of methylation modifications on the behavior and the immunoinflammatory responses involved in DMSCs contributes to further study of the mechanism of methylation on tissue regeneration and inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize the key functions of histone methylation, RNA methylation, and DNA methylation in the differentiation potential and self-renewal of DMSCs as well as the opportunities and challenges for their application in tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
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Schepici G, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. Serum-Free Cultures: Could They Be a Future Direction to Improve Neuronal Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126391. [PMID: 35742836 PMCID: PMC9223839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with multilinear potential, known for their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Although the scientific community is working to improve their application, concerns limit their use to repair tissues following neurological damage. One of these obstacles is represented by the use of culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), which, due to its xenogenic nature and the risk of contamination, has increased scientific, ethical and safety problems. Therefore, the use of serum-free media could improve MSC culture methods, avoiding infectious and immunogenic transmission problems as well as MSC bioprocesses, without the use of animal components. The purpose of our review is to provide an overview of experimental studies that demonstrate that serum-free cultures, along with the supplementation of growth factors or chemicals, can lead to a more defined and controlled environment, enhancing the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Preconditioning: A New Strategy to Improve Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042088. [PMID: 35216215 PMCID: PMC8878691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases represent one of the main causes of disability in human life. Consequently, investigating new strategies capable of improving the quality of life in neurological patients is necessary. For decades, researchers have been working to improve the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy based on MSCs’ regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and multilinear differentiation potential. Therefore, strategies such as MSCs preconditioning are useful to improve their application to restore damaged neuronal circuits following neurological insults. This review is focused on preconditioning MSCs therapy as a potential application to major neurological diseases. The aim of our work is to summarize both the in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the efficacy of MSC preconditioning on neuronal regeneration and cell survival as a possible application to neurological damage.
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Irfan M, Kim JH, Druzinsky RE, Ravindran S, Chung S. Complement C5aR/LPS-induced BDNF and NGF modulation in human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2042. [PMID: 35132159 PMCID: PMC8821590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a variety of cells and secrete nerve regeneration factors have become an emerging option in nerve regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) appear to be a good candidate for nerve regeneration given their accessibility, neural crest origin, and neural repair qualities. We have recently demonstrated that the complement C5a system, which is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue regeneration, is activated by lipoteichoic acid-treated pulp fibroblasts, and governs the production of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF). This BDNF secretion promotes neurite outgrowth towards the injury site. Here, we extend our observation to DPSCs and compare their neurogenic ability to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) under inflammatory stimulation. Our ELISA and immunostaining data demonstrate that blocking the C5a receptor (C5aR) reduced BDNF production in DPSCs, while treatment with C5aR agonist increased the BDNF expression, which suggests that C5aR has a positive regulatory role in the BDNF modulation of DPSCs. Inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment potentiated this effect and is C5aR dependent. Most important, DPSCs produced significantly higher levels of C5aR-mediated BDNF compared to BM-MSCs. Taken together, our data reveal novel roles for C5aR and inflammation in modulation of BDNF and NGF in DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert E Druzinsky
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Potential of Fibrin Glue and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Regenerate Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020221. [PMID: 35053336 PMCID: PMC8773549 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising treatment to favor tissue healing through less invasive strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) highlighted as potential candidates due to their angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to their ability to differentiate into several specialized cell lines. Cells can be carried through a biological delivery system, such as fibrin glue, which acts as a temporary matrix that favors cell-matrix interactions and allows local and paracrine functions of MSCs. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential of fibrin glue combined with MSCs in nerve regeneration. The bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase databases, using the descriptors ("fibrin sealant" OR "fibrin glue") AND "stem cells" AND "nerve regeneration", considering articles published until 2021. To compose this review, 13 in vivo studies were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. MSCs favored axonal regeneration, remyelination of nerve fibers, as well as promoted an increase in the number of myelinated fibers, myelin sheath thickness, number of axons and expression of growth factors, with significant improvement in motor function recovery. This systematic review showed clear evidence that fibrin glue combined with MSCs has the potential to regenerate nervous system lesions.
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Alarcón JB, Chuhuaicura PB, Sluka KA, Vance CG, Fazan VPS, Godoy KA, Fuentes RE, Dias FJ. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Model Studies. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1248-1258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mercado-Rubio MD, Pérez-Argueta E, Zepeda-Pedreguera A, Aguilar-Ayala FJ, Peñaloza-Cuevas R, Kú-González A, Rojas-Herrera RA, Rodas-Junco BA, Nic-Can GI. Similar Features, Different Behaviors: A Comparative In VitroStudy of the Adipogenic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Follicle, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080738. [PMID: 34442382 PMCID: PMC8401480 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs) are a promising resource for tissue regeneration due to their multilineage potential. Despite accumulating data regarding the biology and differentiation potential of DT-MSCs, few studies have investigated their adipogenic capacity. In this study, we have investigated the mesenchymal features of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), as well as the in vitro effects of different adipogenic media on these cells, and compared them to those of periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs). DFSC, PLSCs, and DPSCs exhibit similar morphology and proliferation capacity, but they differ in their self-renewal ability and expression of stemness markers (e.g OCT4 and c-MYC). Interestingly, DFSCs and PLSCs exhibited more lipid accumulation than DPSCs when induced to adipogenic differentiation. In addition, the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers (PPAR, LPL, and ADIPOQ) were significantly higher in DFSCs and PLSCs than in DPSCs, which could be related to the differences in the adipogenic commitment in those cells. These findings reveal that the adipogenic capacity differ among DT-MSCs, features that might be advantageous to increasing our understanding about the developmental origins and regulation of adipogenic commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Mercado-Rubio
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (M.D.M.-R.); (E.P.-A.); (A.Z.-P.); (R.A.R.-H.)
| | - Erick Pérez-Argueta
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (M.D.M.-R.); (E.P.-A.); (A.Z.-P.); (R.A.R.-H.)
| | - Alejandro Zepeda-Pedreguera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (M.D.M.-R.); (E.P.-A.); (A.Z.-P.); (R.A.R.-H.)
| | - Fernando J. Aguilar-Ayala
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (F.J.A.-A.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - Ricardo Peñaloza-Cuevas
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (F.J.A.-A.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - Angela Kú-González
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Rafael A. Rojas-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (M.D.M.-R.); (E.P.-A.); (A.Z.-P.); (R.A.R.-H.)
| | - Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (F.J.A.-A.); (R.P.-C.)
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence: (B.A.R.-J.); or (G.I.N.-C.)
| | - Geovanny I. Nic-Can
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (F.J.A.-A.); (R.P.-C.)
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence: (B.A.R.-J.); or (G.I.N.-C.)
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Ülger M, Sezer G, Özyazgan İ, Özocak H, Yay A, Balcıoğlu E, Yalçın B, Göç R, Ülger B, Özyazgan TM, Yakan B. The effect of erythropoietin and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101958. [PMID: 33864937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin on nerve regeneration in the sciatic nerve 'crush injury' in a rat model. METHODS Experimental animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: Crush Injury, Sham, Crush Injury + Erythropoietin, Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Crush Injury + Erythropoietin + Mesenchymal Stem Cell groups. Crush injury made with bulldog clamp. Mesencyhmal stem cells delivered by enjection locally. Erythropoietin administered by intraperitoneally. On the 0th, 14th and 28th days, all groups underwent a sciatic functional index test. On 28th day, sciatic nerves were harvested and histopathological appearance, axon number and axon diameter of the sciatic nerves were evaluated with Oil Red O staining. Immunoreactivity of nerve growth factor, neurofilament-H and caspase-3 were determined by immunofluorescence staining in nerve tissue. RESULTS In histopathological examination, axons and nerve bundles exhibiting normal nerve architecture in the Sham group. Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell group has similar histological appearance to the Sham group. The number of axons were higher in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell groups compared to the Crush Injury group. Nerve growth factor immunoreactivity intensity was significantly lower in Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell group compared to Crush Injury group. Neurofilament-H density was higher in the treatment groups when compared to the Crush Injury group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it was found that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin treatments effects positively regeneration of crush injury caused by bulldog clamp in the sciatic nerve of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menekşe Ülger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gülay Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - İrfan Özyazgan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Özocak
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Esra Balcıoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Betül Yalçın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Rümeysa Göç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, 058140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Birkan Ülger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Merve Özyazgan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons with high burden on society. Despite tremendous efforts over the last several decades, there is still no definite cure for ALS. Up to now, only two disease-modifying agents, riluzole and edaravone, are approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ALS treatment, which only modestly improves survival and disease progression. Major challenging issues to find an effective therapy are heterogeneity in the pathogenesis and genetic variability of ALS. As such, stem cell therapy has been recently a focus of both preclinical and clinical investigations of ALS. This is because stem cells have multifaceted features that can potentially target multiple pathogenic mechanisms in ALS even though its underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Methods & Results: Here, we will have an overview of stem cell therapy in ALS, including their therapeutic mechanisms, the results of recent clinical trials as well as ongoing clinical trials. In addition, we will further discuss complications and limitations of stem cell therapy in ALS. Conclusion: The determination of whether stem cells offer a viable treatment strategy for ALS rests on well-designed and appropriately powered future clinical trials. Randomized, double-blinded, and sham-controlled studies would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goun Je
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Kiandokht Keyhanian
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Perspectives in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020572. [PMID: 33430035 PMCID: PMC7827385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve lesions affect hundreds of thousands of patients every year; their consequences are life-altering and often devastating and cause alterations in movement and sensitivity. Spontaneous peripheral nerve recovery is often inadequate. In this context, nowadays, cell therapy represents one of the most innovative approaches in the field of nerve repair therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to discuss the features of different types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The published literature was reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A combination of the keywords “nerve regeneration”, “stem cells”, “peripheral nerve injury”, “rat”, and “human” were used. Additionally, a “MeSH” research was performed in PubMed using the terms “stem cells” and “nerve regeneration”. The characteristics of the most widely used MSCs, their paracrine potential, targeted stimulation, and differentiation potentials into Schwann-like and neuronal-like cells are described in this paper. Considering their ability to support and stimulate axonal growth, their remarkable paracrine activity, their presumed differentiation potential, their extremely low immunogenicity, and their high survival rate after transplantation, ADSCs appear to be the most suitable and promising MSCs for the recovery of peripheral nerve lesion. Clinical considerations are finally reported.
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Rafiee F, Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi Z, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A, Soltani A, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Jami MS. Differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into neuron-like cells. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:107-116. [PMID: 31599165 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1664518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: With regard to their ease of harvest and common developmental origin, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) may act as a favorable source of stem cells in generation of nerves. Moreover; cellular migration and differentiation as well as survival, self-renewal, and proliferation of neuroprogenitor species require the presence of the central nervous system (CNS) mitogens including EGF and bFGF. Accordingly, the possibility of the induction of neuronal differentiation of DPSCs by EGF and bFGF was evaluated in the present study.Materials and methods: DPSCs were treated with 20 ng/ml EGF, 20 ng/ml bFGF, and 10 µg/ml heparin. In order to further induce the neuroprogenitor differentiation, DPSC-derived spheres were also incubated in serum-free media for three days. The resulting spheres were then cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% FBS. The morphology of the cells and the expression of the differentiation markers were correspondingly analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence (IF).Results: The EGF/bFGF-treated DPSCs showed significant increase in the expression of the neuroprogenitor markers of Nestin and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), 72 h after treatment. The up-regulation of Nestin and SOX2 induced by growth factors was confirmed using western blotting and IF. The cultures also yielded some neuron-like cells with a significant rise in Nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and Neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) transcript levels; compared with cells maintained in the control media (p < 0.05).Conclusion: DPSCs seemed to potentially differentiate into neuron-like cells under the herein-mentioned treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ameneh Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Reddy S, He L, Ramakrishana S, Luo H. Graphene nanomaterials for regulating stem cell fate in neurogenesis and their biocompatibility. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3675627. [PMID: 30956667 PMCID: PMC6431432 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3675627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Patients show both motor and extra-motor symptoms. A cure is not available at this time, and the disease leads to death within 3-5 years, mainly due to respiratory failure. Stem cell therapy is arising as a new promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem the most suitable type of stem cells, thanks to their demonstrated beneficial effects in different experimental models, to the easy availability, and to the lack of ethical problems. In this review, we focused on the studies involving ALS rodent models and clinical trials in order to understand the potential beneficial effects of MSC transplantation. In different ALS rodent models, the administration of MSCs induced a delay in disease progression and at least a partial recovery of the motor function. In addition, clinical trials evidenced the feasibility and safety of MSC transplantation in ALS patients, given that no major adverse events were recorded. However, only partial improvements were shown. For this reason, more studies and trials are needed to clarify the real effectiveness of MSC-based therapy in ALS.
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16
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Dias FJ, Fazan VPS, Cury DP, de Almeida SRY, Borie E, Fuentes R, Coutinho-Netto J, Watanabe IS. Growth factors expression and ultrastructural morphology after application of low-level laser and natural latex protein on a sciatic nerve crush-type injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210211. [PMID: 30625210 PMCID: PMC6326513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and natural latex protein (F1, Hevea brasiliensis) were evaluated on crush-type injuries (15kg) to the sciatic nerve in the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and ultrastructural morphology to associate with previous morphometric data using the same protocol of injury and treatment. Thirty-six male rats were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 6): 1-Control; 2-Exposed nerve; 3-Injured nerve; 4-LLLT (15J/cm2, 780nm, 30mW, Continuous Wave) treated injured nerve; 5-F1 (0,1mg) treated injured nerve; and 6-LLLT&F1 treated injured nerve. Four or eight weeks after, sciatic nerve samples were processed for analysis. NGF expression were higher (p<0.05) four weeks after in all injured groups in comparison to Control (Med:0.8; Q1:0; Q3:55.5%area). Among them, the Injured (Med:70.7; Q1:64.4; Q3:77.5%area) showed the highest expression, and F1 (Med:17.3; Q1:14.1; Q3:21.7%area) had the lowest. At week 8, NGF expressions decreased in the injured groups. VEGF was expressed in all groups; its higher expression was observed in the injured groups 4 weeks after (Injured. Med:29.5; F1. Med:17.7 and LLLT&F1. Med:19.4%area). At week 8, a general reduction of VEGF expression was noted, remaining higher in F1 (Med:35.1; Q1.30.6; Q3.39.6%area) and LLLT&F1 (Med:18.5; Q1:16; Q3:25%area). Ultrastructural morphology revealed improvements in the treated groups; 4 weeks after, the F1 group presented greater quantity and diameter of the nerve fibers uniformly distributed. Eight weeks after, the F1 and LLLT&F1 showed similar characteristics to the non-injured groups. In summary, these results and our previous studies indicated that F1 and LLLT may favorably influence the healing of nerve crush injury. Four weeks after nerve injury F1 group showed the best results suggesting recovery acceleration; at 8th week F1 and LLLT&F1 groups presented better features and higher vascularization that could be associated with VEGF maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Dias
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Pulzatto Cury
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Borie
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Joaquim Coutinho-Netto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ii-sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Raza SS, Wagner AP, Hussain YS, Khan MA. Mechanisms underlying dental-derived stem cell-mediated neurorestoration in neurodegenerative disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 30257724 PMCID: PMC6158826 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders have a complex pathology and are characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal architecture in the brain or spinal cord. Neuroprotective agents have demonstrated promising results at the preclinical stage, but this has not been confirmed at the clinical stage. Thus far, no neuroprotective drug that can prevent neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disorders is available. MAIN BODY Recent studies have focused on neurorestorative measures, such as cell-based therapy, rather than neuroprotective treatment. The utility of cell-based approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has been explored extensively, and the results have been somewhat promising with regard to reversing the outcome. Because of their neural crest origin, ease of harvest, accessibility, ethical suitability, and potential to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage, dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source for cell-based neurorestoration therapies. In the present review, we summarize the possible use of DSC-based neurorestoration therapy as an alternative treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism underlying recovery in neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Transplantation research in neurodegenerative diseases should aim to understand the mechanism providing benefits both at the molecular and functional level. Due to their ease of accessibility, plasticity, and ethical suitability, DSCs hold promise to overcome the existing challenges in the field of neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, such as cell replacement, bystander effect, vasculogenesis, synaptogenesis, immunomodulation, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Aurel Popa Wagner
- Departmentof Dental Materials, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Subhash Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302002, India.,Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Yawer S Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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18
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Simonovic J, Toljic B, Nikolic N, Peric M, Vujin J, Panajotovic R, Gajic R, Bekyarova E, Cataldi A, Parpura V, Milasin J. Differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla into neural lineage using graphene dispersion and single walled carbon nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2653-2661. [PMID: 29896770 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies are considered a promising treatment modality for many medical conditions. Several types of stem cells with variable differentiation potentials have been isolated from dental tissues, among them stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). In parallel, new classes of biocompatible nanomaterials have also been developed, including graphene and carbon nanotube-based materials. The aim of the study was to assess whether graphene dispersion (GD) and water-soluble single walled carbon nanotubes (ws-SWCNT), may enhance SCAPs capacity to undergo neural differentiation. SCAPs cultivated in neuroinductive medium supplemented with GD and ws-SWCNT, separately and in combination, were subjected to neural marker analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (neurofilament medium [NF-M], neurogenin-2 [ngn-2], β III-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2) and immunocytochemistry (NeuN and β III-tubulin). GD, ws-SWCNT, and their combination, had neuro-stimulatory effects on SCAPs, as judged by the production of neural markers. Compared to cells grown in nanomaterial free medium, cells with GD showed higher production of B3T, cells with ws-SWCNT had higher production of ngn-2 and NF-M, while the combination of nanomaterials gave similar levels of both B3T and NF-M as the neuroinductive medium alone, but with the finest neuron-like morphology. In conclusion, GD and ws-SWCNT seem to enhance neural differentiation of SCAP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2653-2661, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Simonovic
- Department of Human Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Bosko Toljic
- Department of Human Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Mina Peric
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasna Vujin
- Graphene Laboratory, Center for Solid State and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Radmila Panajotovic
- Graphene Laboratory, Center for Solid State and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Rados Gajic
- Graphene Laboratory, Center for Solid State and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Elena Bekyarova
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Carbon Solutions Inc, Riverside, California 92507
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università 'G. d'Annunzio', Via dei Vestini, Chieti I-66100, Italy
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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19
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Tirughana R, Metz MZ, Li Z, Hall C, Hsu D, Beltzer J, Annala AJ, Oganesyan D, Gutova M, Aboody KS. GMP Production and Scale-Up of Adherent Neural Stem Cells with a Quantum Cell Expansion System. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:48-56. [PMID: 29992178 PMCID: PMC6037686 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold great promise for a myriad of clinical applications. However, as these therapies move from phase I to phase II and III trials, there is a need to improve scale-up of adherent cells for the production of larger good manufacturing practice (GMP) cell banks. As we advanced our neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated gene therapy trials for glioma to include dose escalation and multiple treatment cycles, GMP production using cell factories (CellStacks) generated insufficient neural stem cell (NSC) yields. To increase yield, we developed an expansion method using the hollow fiber quantum cell expansion (QCE) system. Seeding of 5.2 × 107 NSCs in a single unit yielded up to 3 × 109 cells within 10 days. These QCE NSCs showed genetic and functional stability equivalent to those expanded by conventional flask-based methods. We then expanded the NSCs in 7 units simultaneously to generate a pooled GMP-grade NSC clinical lot of more than 1.5 × 1010 cells in only 9 days versus 8 × 109 over 6 weeks in CellStacks. We also adenovirally transduced our NSCs within the QCE. We found the QCE system enabled rapid cell expansion and increased yield while maintaining cell properties and reducing process time, labor, and costs with improved efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine Hall
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Oganesyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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20
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Hernández-Monjaraz B, Santiago-Osorio E, Monroy-García A, Ledesma-Martínez E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin for Inducing Tissue Regeneration in Periodontitis: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E944. [PMID: 29565801 PMCID: PMC5979585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that begins with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth table and then progresses, destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth occurs. The restoration of the damaged dental support apparatus is an extremely complex process due to the regeneration of the cementum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone. Conventional treatment relies on synthetic materials that fill defects and replace lost dental tissue, but these approaches are not substitutes for a real regeneration of tissue. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be obtained from various sources of adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, and tissues of the orofacial area. MSC of dental origin, such as those found in the bone marrow, have immunosuppressive and immunotolerant properties, multipotency, high proliferation rates, and the capacity for tissue repair. However, they are poorly used as sources of tissue for therapeutic purposes. Their accessibility makes them an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, so this review describes the field of dental stem cell research and proposes a potential mechanism involved in periodontal tissue regeneration induced by dental MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
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21
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Rodas-Junco BA, Canul-Chan M, Rojas-Herrera RA, De-la-Peña C, Nic-Can GI. Stem Cells from Dental Pulp: What Epigenetics Can Do with Your Tooth. Front Physiol 2017; 8:999. [PMID: 29270128 PMCID: PMC5724083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have attracted scientific attention because they are able to self-renew and differentiate into several specialized cell types. In this context, human dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDT-MSCs) have emerged as a possible solution for repairing or regenerating damaged tissues. These cells can be isolated from primary teeth that are naturally replaced, third molars, or other dental tissues and exhibit self-renewal, a high proliferative rate and a great multilineage potential. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine lineage specification are still largely unknown. It is known that a change in cell fate requires the deletion of existing transcriptional programs, followed by the establishment of a new developmental program to give rise to a new cell lineage. Increasing evidence indicates that chromatin structure conformation can influence cell fate. In this way, reversible chemical modifications at the DNA or histone level, and combinations thereof can activate or inactivate cell-type-specific gene sequences, giving rise to an alternative cell fates. On the other hand, miRNAs are starting to emerge as a possible player in establishing particular somatic lineages. In this review, we discuss two new and promising research fields in medicine and biology, epigenetics and stem cells, by summarizing the properties of hDT-MSCs and highlighting the recent findings on epigenetic contributions to the regulation of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Michel Canul-Chan
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Rojas-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Geovanny I Nic-Can
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
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22
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Effects of photobiomodulation on experimental models of peripheral nerve injury. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:2155-2165. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Lo Furno D, Mannino G, Giuffrida R. Functional role of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3982-3999. [PMID: 28926091 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into not only cells of mesodermal lineages, but also into endodermal and ectodermal derived elements, including neurons and glial cells. For this reason, MSCs have been extensively investigated to develop cell-based therapeutic strategies, especially in pathologies whose pharmacological treatments give poor results, if any. As in the case of irreversible neurological disorders characterized by progressive neuronal death, in which behavioral and cognitive functions of patients inexorably decline as the disease progresses. In this review, we focus on the possible functional role exerted by MSCs in the treatment of some disabling neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease. Investigations have been mainly performed in vitro and in animal models by using MSCs generally originated from umbilical cord, bone marrow, or adipose tissue. Positive results obtained have prompted several clinical trials, the number of which is progressively increasing worldwide. To date, many of them have been primarily addressed to verify the safety of the procedures but some improvements have already been reported, fortunately. Although the exact mechanisms of MSC-induced beneficial activities are not entirely defined, they include neurogenesis and angiogenesis stimulation, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory actions. Most effects would be exerted through their paracrine expression of neurotrophic factors and cytokines, mainly delivered at damaged regions, given the innate propensity of MSCs to home to injured sites. Hopefully, in the near future more efficacious cell-replacement therapies will be developed to substantially restore disease-disrupted brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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24
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Human Dental Pulp Cells Differentiate toward Neuronal Cells and Promote Neuroregeneration in Adult Organotypic Hippocampal Slices In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081745. [PMID: 28800076 PMCID: PMC5578135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nerve system has fundamental difficulties regarding effective neuroregeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate whether human dental pulp cells (DPCs) can promote neuroregeneration by (i) being differentiated toward neuronal cells and/or (ii) stimulating local neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Using immunostaining, we demonstrated that adult human dental pulp contains multipotent DPCs, including STRO-1, CD146 and P75-positive stem cells. DPC-formed spheroids were able to differentiate into neuronal, vascular, osteogenic and cartilaginous lineages under osteogenic induction. However, under neuronal inductive conditions, cells in the DPC-formed spheroids differentiated toward neuronal rather than other lineages. Electrophysiological study showed that these cells consistently exhibit the capacity to produce action potentials, suggesting that they have a functional feature in neuronal cells. We further co-cultivated DPCs with adult mouse hippocampal slices on matrigel in vitro. Immunostaining and presto blue assay showed that DPCs were able to stimulate the growth of neuronal cells (especially neurons) in both the CA1 zone and the edges of the hippocampal slices. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was expressed in co-cultivated DPCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that DPCs are well-suited to differentiate into the neuronal lineage. They are able to stimulate neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus through neurotrophic support in vitro.
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25
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Gugliandolo A, Rajan TS, Scionti D, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Mazzon E, Trubiani O. Reprogramming of Oncogene Expression in Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Following Long-Term Culture In Vitro. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:159-170. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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26
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Földes A, Kádár K, Kerémi B, Zsembery Á, Gyires K, S Zádori Z, Varga G. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin-Their Potential for Antiinflammatory and Regenerative Actions in Brain and Gut Damage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:914-934. [PMID: 26791480 PMCID: PMC5333580 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160121115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury and neuroinflammatory multiple sclerosis are diverse disorders of the central nervous system. However, they are all characterized by various levels of inappropriate inflammatory/immune response along with tissue destruction. In the gastrointestinal system, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also a consequence of tissue destruction resulting from an uncontrolled inflammation. Interestingly, there are many similarities in the immunopathomechanisms of these CNS disorders and the various forms of IBD. Since it is very hard or impossible to cure them by conventional manner, novel therapeutic approaches such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, are needed. Mesenchymal stem cells have already been isolated from various tissues including the dental pulp and periodontal ligament. Such cells possess transdifferentiating capabilities for different tissue specific cells to serve as new building blocks for regeneration. But more importantly, they are also potent immunomodulators inhibiting proinflammatory processes and stimulating anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The present review was prepared to compare the immunopathomechanisms of the above mentioned neurodegenerative, neurotraumatic and neuroinflammatory diseases with IBD. Additionally, we considered the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells, especially those from dental origin to treat such disorders. We conceive that such efforts will yield considerable advance in treatment options for central and peripheral disorders related to inflammatory degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gábor Varga
- Departments of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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28
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Feng J, Wang W. Hypoxia pretreatment and EPO-modification enhance the protective effects of MSC on neuron-like PC12 cells in a similar way. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:232-238. [PMID: 27845038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) based cell transplantation therapy is proved to be an attractive strategy with great potential for improvement of hypoxia induced neural damage. In the present study, MSCs were co-culture with PC12 to investigate its protective effects against hypoxia pretreatment, and the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, MTT and Anexin V staining were performed to analysis the cellular damage or apoptotic. RT-PCR and Western blotting were further used to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results indicate that hypoxia treatment results in the decrease of PC12 cell viability, yet co-culture with MSC could protect the PC12 from hypoxia induced damage. Hypoxia pre-activated or EPO transduced MSC with up-regulated erythropoietin (EPO) expression could further enhance MSC's protective effect against hypoxia induced cell damage, which was associated with high level of anti-apoptotic p-Akt and ration Bcl-2/Bax, and decreased Caspase 3 in PC12. Taken together, these data suggests high levels of MSC-mediated cyto-protection is closely tied to high gene expression levels of EPO. The up-regulation of EPO for enhanced MSC-mediated cyto-protection may has great potential for the MSC cellular therapy of neural or neuronal injuries induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Feng
- Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, NO17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, NO17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Chen S, Zhang W, Wang JM, Duan HT, Kong JH, Wang YX, Dong M, Bi X, Song J. Differentiation of isolated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:41-7. [PMID: 26949608 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) was able to differentiate into neural stem cell and neuron in vitro. METHODS The umbilical cords were obtained from pregnant women with their written consent and the approval of the Clinic Ethnics Committee. UC-MSC were isolated by adherent culture in the medium contains 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), then they were maintained in the medium contain 10% FBS and induced to neural cells in neural differentiation medium. We investigated whether UC-MSC was able to differentiate into neural stem cell and neuron in vitro by using flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyzes. RESULTS A substantial number of UC-MSC was harvested using the tissue explants adherent method at about 2wk. Flow cytometric study revealed that these cells expressed common markers of MSCs, such as CD105 (SH2), CD73 (SH3) and CD90. After induction of differentiation of neural stem cells, the cells began to form clusters; RT-PCR and IF showed that the neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurogenic differentiation 1-positive cells reached 87.3%±14.7% and 72.6%±11.8%, respectively. Cells showed neuronal cell differentiation after induced, including neuron-like protrusions, plump cell body, obviously and stronger refraction. RT-PCR and IF analysis showed that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and nuclear factor-M-positive cells reached 43.1%±10.3% and 69.4%±19.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Human umbilical cord derived MSCs can be cultured and proliferated in vitro and differentiate into neural stem cells, which may be a valuable source for cell therapy of neurodegenerative eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ji-Ming Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hong-Tao Duan
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jia-Hui Kong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yue-Xin Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xue Bi
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jian Song
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
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Demirci S, Doğan A, Şahin F. Dental Stem Cells vs. Other Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Pluripotency and Role in Regenerative Medicine. DENTAL STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chatzivasileiou K, Kriebel K, Steinhoff G, Kreikemeyer B, Lang H. Do oral bacteria alter the regenerative potential of stem cells? A concise review. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2067-74. [PMID: 26058313 PMCID: PMC4568911 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely recognized as critical players in tissue regeneration. New insights into stem cell biology provide evidence that MSCs may also contribute to host defence and inflammation. In case of tissue injury or inflammatory diseases, e.g. periodontitis, stem cells are mobilized towards the site of damage, thus coming in close proximity to bacteria and bacterial components. Specifically, in the oral cavity, complex ecosystems of commensal bacteria live in a mutually beneficial state with the host. However, the formation of polymicrobial biofilm communities with pathogenic properties may trigger an inadequate host inflammatory-immune response, leading to the disruption of tissue homoeostasis and development of disease. Because of their unique characteristics, MSCs are suggested as crucial regulators of tissue regeneration even under such harsh environmental conditions. The heterogeneous effects of bacteria on MSCs across studies imply the complexity underlying the interactions between stem cells and bacteria. Hence, a better understanding of stem cell behaviour at sites of inflammation appears to be a key strategy in developing new approaches for in situ tissue regeneration. Here, we review the literature on the effects of oral bacteria on cell proliferation, differentiation capacity and immunomodulation of dental-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Chatzivasileiou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katja Kriebel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Koutmani Y, Karalis KP. Neural stem cells respond to stress hormones: distinguishing beneficial from detrimental stress. Front Physiol 2015; 6:77. [PMID: 25814957 PMCID: PMC4356227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), the progenitors of the nervous system, control distinct, position-specific functions and are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. The responses of these cells to various stressful stimuli are shaped by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors via mechanisms that are age and developmental stage-dependent and still remain, to a great extent, elusive. Increasing evidence advocates for the beneficial impact of the stress response in various settings, complementing the extensive number of studies on the detrimental effects of stress, particularly in the developing brain. In this review, we discuss suggested mechanisms mediating both the beneficial and detrimental effects of stressors on NSC activity across the lifespan. We focus on the specific effects of secreted factors and we propose NSCs as a “sensor,” capable of distinguishing among the different stressors and adapting its functions accordingly. All the above suggest the intriguing hypothesis that NSCs are an important part of the adaptive response to stressors via direct and indirect, specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassemi Koutmani
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Katia P Karalis
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece ; Endocrine Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Germain L, De Berdt P, Vanacker J, Leprince J, Diogenes A, Jacobs D, Vandermeulen G, Bouzin C, Préat V, Dupont-Gillain C, des Rieux A. Fibrin hydrogels to deliver dental stem cells of the apical papilla for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2015; 10:153-67. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluation of survival, proliferation and neurodifferentiation of dental stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in fibrin hydrogels. We hypothesized that fibrin composition will influence cell behavior. Methods: Modulus, pore and fiber size were measured. SCAP in vitro viability, proliferation and neural differentiation, as well as in vivo proliferation and angiogenesis were studied. Results: Hydrogel moduli were influenced by fibrin formulation but not hydrogel morphology, SCAP in vitro viability and proliferation. In total 60% of SCAP expressed PanNeurofilament in vitro without induction in Fibrinogen50-Thrombin10. SCAP proliferated when implanted in vivo and stimulated host endothelial cell infiltration. Conclusion: Fibrinogen30-Thrombin10 or Thrombin50 would be more favorable to in vitro SCAP viability and in vivo proliferation, while Fibrinogen 50-Thrombin50 would be more adapted to neurodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Germain
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Vanacker
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Leprince
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Damien Jacobs
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont-Gillain
- Bio & Soft Matter Unit, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Department of Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Bio & Soft Matter Unit, Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Xiao L, Nasu M. From regenerative dentistry to regenerative medicine: progress, challenges, and potential applications of oral stem cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 7:89-99. [PMID: 25506228 PMCID: PMC4260683 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s51009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and epithelial stem cells play essential roles in tissue repair and self-healing. Oral MSCs and epithelial stem cells can be isolated from adult human oral tissues, for example, teeth, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Cocultivated adult oral epithelial stem cells and MSCs could represent some developmental events, such as epithelial invagination and tubular structure formation, signifying their potentials for tissue regeneration. Oral epithelial stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine over 1 decade. They are able to form a stratified cell sheet under three-dimensional culture conditions. Both experimental and clinical data indicate that the cell sheets can not only safely and effectively reconstruct the damaged cornea in humans, but also repair esophageal ulcer in animal models. Oral MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells from gingiva (GMSCs). They are widely applied in both regenerative dentistry and medicine. DPSCs, SHED, and SCAP are able to form dentin–pulp complex when being transplanted into immunodeficient animals. They have been experimentally used for the regeneration of dental pulp, neuron, bone muscle and blood vessels in animal models and have shown promising results. PDLSCs and GMSCs are demonstrated to be ideal cell sources for repairing the damaged tissues of periodontal, muscle, and tendon. Despite the abovementioned applications of oral stem cells, only a few human clinical trials are now underway to use them for the treatment of certain diseases. Since clinical use is the end goal, their true regenerative power and safety need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nasu
- Research Center, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Xiao L, Saiki C, Ide R. Stem cell therapy for central nerve system injuries: glial cells hold the key. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1253-60. [PMID: 25221575 PMCID: PMC4160849 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.137570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adult central nerve system (CNS) injuries are devastating because of the intrinsic difficulties for effective neuronal regeneration. The greatest problem to be overcome for CNS recovery is the poor regeneration of neurons and myelin-forming cells, oligodendrocytes. Endogenous neural progenitors and transplanted exogenous neuronal stem cells can be the source for neuronal regeneration. However, because of the harsh local microenvironment, they usually have very low efficacy for functional neural regeneration which cannot compensate for the loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Glial cells (including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia) are the majority of cells in CNS that provide support and protection for neurons. Inside the local microenvironment, glial cells largely influence local and transplanted neural stem cells survival and fates. This review critically analyzes current finding of the roles of glial cells in CNS regeneration, and highlights strategies for regulating glial cells’ behavior to create a permissive microenvironment for neuronal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Pharmacology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Saiki
- Physiology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ide
- Physiology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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