Isoprenylated flavonoids and clerodane diterpenoids from Dodonaea viscosa

Protective role of Dodonaea viscosa extract against streptozotocin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats

Previous investigations have shown that D. viscosa herbal extract is often used to treat a variety of diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate any additional potential impacts on rat liver and kidney damage induced by diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg/day) was given as a single dosage to cause type 1 diabetes. After then, diabetic rats received oral doses of D. viscosa for four weeks at 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. Blood, liver, and kidney tissues were collected at the end of the treatment and examined. Analysis was made of the serum lipid profile, liver, and kidney functions, as well as blood biochemistry. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated in serum. In liver and kidney samples, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reeducates (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Histological changes in liver and kidney cross-sections were also observed. Our findings demonstrated that D. viscosa dramatically decreased pro-inflammatory indicators in blood, kidney, and liver tissues as well as blood glucose, and restored insulin levels, and lipid profiles. Additionally, it significantly raises the antioxidant enzyme activity SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST, while significantly lowering TBARs levels. The above-mentioned biochemical changes that took place in tissues were further supported by histological alterations. These findings imply that D. viscosa protects against STZ-induced hyperglycemia, aberrant lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress and that these benefits may be mediated by interacting with various targets to increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidneys. Its mode of action and safety for use as medicine against various metabolic problems caused by diabetes require more research.

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. induces cytotoxicity, antiproliferative activity, and cell death in colorectal cancer cells via regulation of caspase 3 and p53

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death due to an insufficiency prognosis and is generally diagnosed in the last step of development. The Peruvian flora has a wide variety of medicinal plants with therapeutic potential in several diseases. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. is a plant used to treat inflammatory process as well as gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and cell death-inducing effects of D. viscosa on colorectal cancer cells (SW480 and SW620). The hydroethanolic extract was obtained by maceration at 70% ethanol, the phytochemical constituents were identified by LC-ESI-MS. D. viscosa revealed 57 compounds some of them are: isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, methyl dodovisate B, hardwickiic acid, viscosol, and dodonic acid. Regarding the antitumoral activity, D. viscosa induced cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in both SW480 and SW620 cancer cells, accompanied with, important changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, formation of the Sub G0/G1 population and increasing levels of apoptotic biomarkers (caspase 3 and the tumor suppressor protein p53) in the metastatic derivative cell line (SW620), suggesting an intrinsic apoptotic process after the treatment with the hydroethanolic extract of D. viscosa.

Cathayanalactone G and other constituents from leaves and twigs of Callicarpa cathayana

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Structure Revision of Four Classes of Prenylated Aromatic Natural Products Based on a Rule for Diagnostic 13C NMR Chemical Shifts

Errors in elucidating the structures of four natural classes of prenylated aromatic compounds with 2,3-epoxy, 2,3-dihydroxy, and cyclization with an ortho-phenolic hydroxyl to give a pyran or furan ring moiety are frequent and inevitable. Based on rigorous literature research and a series of chemical transformation experiments, a rule for the rapid determination of these four classes of prenylated derivates based on ¹³C NMR data was formulated, and 57 corrections featuring these fragments were accordingly reported.

Isolation of Three New Diterpenes from Dodonaea viscosa

An investigation into the methanol extracts obtained from the stems of Dodonaea viscosa led to the isolation of one nor-clerodane diterpene (1) and two labdane diterpenes (2, 3), as well as 17 known compounds (4-20). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical and spectral evidence. The stereochemical structure of the nor-clerodane diterpene was confirmed via its circular dichroism spectrum and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectrum. Isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on collagenase and tyrosinase. Since 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (9) showed collagenase inhibitory activity and scopoletin (12) had significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity, they were considered to be good candidates for cosmetic agents.

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq: A Medicinal Plant with Cytotoxic Effect on Colon Cancer Cell Line (HT-29)

Dodonaea viscosa (Family: Sapindaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used as anti-rheumatic and bone pain in Peru as a folk remedy. Ethanol extract obtained from D. viscosa leaves was partitioned as n-hexane fraction; chloroform fraction; ethyl acetate fraction; n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction. Phytoconstituents from D. viscosa leaves were evaluated by using chemical reagents to identify the presence of each phytochemical. In addition, a cytotoxic effect was determined by the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) test. The results showed that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves had the highest variety of phytoconstituents. The ethanol extrac of leaves exhibited a major inhibitory effect compared to different fractions in human colon cancer cells (HT-29). From these assays, it is concluded that D. viscosa does not possess any detectable cytotoxic effect on epidermal cells from mouse (3T3), and a slight cytotoxic effect against HT-29 tumor cells compared to 5-FU. This species could appear like a good source of herbal medicine in colorectal cancer disease.

Modified Clerodanes from the Essential Oil of Dodonea viscosa Leaves

Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) was investigated for its leaf essential oil composition. The plant was extracted by hydrodistillation and its essential oil analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This study revealed that oxygenated nor-diterpenes and diterpenes were one of the major chemical classes (> 50%) mainly consisting of three modified cyclopropylclerodanes containing a bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane ring system: one new furanoid norditerpene, dodovisate C, and two furanoid diterpenes, the known methyl dodovisate A and the new methyl iso-dodovisate A. These three compounds were isolated by liquid chromatography and their structures established on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The absolute configuration of dodovisate C was elucidated through a joint experimental and theoretical (B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) electronic circular dichroism study. The relative configurations of methyl dodovisate A and methyl iso-dodovisate A were determined using linear regressions of theoretical chemical shifts versus experimental values with the (B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) method.

Polysubstituted Isoflavonoids from Spatholobus suberectus, Flemingia macrophylla, and Cudrania cochinchinensis

Four hitherto unknown polysubstituted isoflavonoids, including three isoflavans: 7,4'-dihydroxy-8,2',3'-trimethoxyisoflavan (1), 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyisoflavan (2), and 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxyisoflavan (3), and one prenylated isoflavone cudraisoflavone M (4) were isolated from the ethanol extracts of Spatholobus suberectus (for 1 and 2), Flemingia macrophylla (for 3), and Cudrania cochinchinensis (for 4), respectively. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW-480).

ent-Labdane Diterpenoids from Dodonaea viscosa

Seven new and two known ent-labdane diterpenoids have been isolated from a single plant specimen of Dodonaea viscosa ssp. spatulata, found in Tasmania, Australia. Prior to this study, only seven different labdane diterpenoids had been isolated from D. viscosa. The structures of the natural products were assigned via 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and other standard spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of three ent-labdane diterpenoids was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography of synthetic derivatives. Significantly, the results of this study suggest that the absolute configuration of some known labdane diterpenoids may have been misassigned.