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Dhakshinamoorthy V, Vishali SPR, Elumalai S, Perumal E. Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical pollutants induces neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39072487 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2382451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical waste from point and non-point sources enters, persists, or disseminates in the environment and is known as environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants. Understanding the impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on the environment and health is essential. This study investigates the behavioral impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on aquatic organisms and delineates the possible nexus of oxidative stress. The male zebrafish were exposed to four major representative pharmaceutical pollutants, viz., acetaminophen, carbamazepine, metformin, and trimethoprim at environmentally relevant concentrations individually as well as in a mixture for seven days. Substantial alterations in social interaction, aggressive nature, novel tank exploration, and light and dark zone preferences were recorded and the degree varied to different pharmaceutical pollutants. The activity of oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase, was found to be suppressed to 66-20%, 42-25%, and 59-20% respectively with the elevated malondialdehyde generation (180-260%) compared to control. The activity level of acetylcholine esterase was found to be increased to 200-500% across all treatment groups. Despite the synergistic impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on the whole system that could not be ascertained, this comprehensive study highlights their toxicity nature to induce neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish through oxidative stress mechanisms and altered cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Dhakshinamoorthy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Molecular Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - S P R Vishali
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - Sriramakrishnan Elumalai
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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2
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Lescano LE, Salazar MO, Furlan RLE. Chemically engineered essential oils prepared through thiocyanation under solvent-free conditions: chemical and bioactivity alteration. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38822174 PMCID: PMC11143095 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The generation of chemically engineered essential oils (CEEOs) prepared from bi-heteroatomic reactions using ammonium thiocyanate as a source of bioactive compounds is described. The impact of the reaction on the chemical composition of the mixtures was qualitatively demonstrated through GC-MS, utilizing univariate and multivariate analysis. The reaction transformed most of the components in the natural mixtures, thereby expanding the chemical diversity of the mixtures. Changes in inhibition properties between natural and CEEOs were demonstrated through acetylcholinesterase TLC autography, resulting in a threefold increase in the number of positive events due to the modification process. The chemically engineered Origanum vulgare L. essential oil was subjected to bioguided fractionation, leading to the discovery of four new active compounds with similar or higher potency than eserine against the enzyme. The results suggest that the directed chemical transformation of essential oils can be a valuable strategy for discovering new acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz E Lescano
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mario O Salazar
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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Alexander C, Parsaee A, Vasefi M. Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37998052 PMCID: PMC10669725 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Buplerum falcatum, produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ali Parsaee
- Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Sanchis I, Spinelli R, Dias J, Brazzolotto X, Rietmann Á, Aimaretti F, Siano ÁS. Inhibition of Human Cholinesterases and in vitro β-Amyloid Aggregation by Rationally Designed Peptides. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200691. [PMID: 36995341 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now widely recognized, which has increased the interest in compounds that can address more than one AD-associated targets. Herein, we report the inhibitory activity on the human cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase, hAChE and butyrylcholinesterase, hBChE) and on the AChE-induced β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation by a series of peptide derivatives designed by mutating aliphatic residues for aromatic ones. We identified peptide W3 (LGWVSKGKLL-NH2 ) as an interesting scaffold for the development of new anti-AD multitarget-directed drugs. It showed the lowest IC50 value against hAChE reported for a peptide (0.99±0.02 μM) and inhibited 94.2 %±1.2 of AChE-induced Aβ aggregation at 10 μM. Furthermore, it inhibited hBChE (IC50 , 15.44±0.91 μM), showed no in vivo toxicity in brine shrimp and had shown moderated radical scavenging and Fe2+ chelating capabilities in previous studies. The results are in line with multiple reports showing the utility of the indole moiety for the development of cholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sanchis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roque Spinelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Dias
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA) 1, Place du Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA) 1, Place du Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Álvaro Rietmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aimaretti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Álvaro S Siano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Prikhodko VA, Sysoev YI, Gerasimova EV, Okovityi SV. Novel Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholines Induce Anxiolytic-like and Sedative Effects in Adult Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2783. [PMID: 36359303 PMCID: PMC9687339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromone-containing allylmorpholines (CCAMs) are a novel class of compounds that have demonstrated acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase-inhibiting and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-blocking properties in vitro, but their in vivo pharmacological activity remains underexplored. In this work, we evaluated the psychotropic activity of five different CCAMs (1 (9a), 2 (9j), 3 (9l), 4 (33a), and 5 (33b)) using the novel tank test (NTT) and light/dark box (LDB) test in adult zebrafish. The CCAMs were screened in the NTT at a range of concentrations, and they were found to induce a dose-dependent sedative effect. Compound 4 (33a) was also evaluated using the LDB test, and it was found to have anxiolytic-like properties at low concentrations. To assess the potential contribution of the glutamate and cholinergic mechanisms in the effects of the CCAMs, we conducted experiments with pre-exposure to putative antagonists, NMDA and biperiden. Neither biperiden nor NMDA were able to diminish or cancel the effects of the CCAMs, countering the in vitro data obtained in previous studies. The apparent discrepancy could be related to the specifics of CCAM metabolism or to the interspecies differences between the putative target proteins, possibly due to the relatively low identity percentage of their sequences. Although further research in mammals is required in order to establish their pharmacological properties, novel CCAMs may represent an appealing group of psychoactive drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A. Prikhodko
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Sysoev
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Motor and Visceral Functions, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 353340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 353340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Asen ND, Okagu OD, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. In vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by yellow field pea (Pisum sativum) protein-derived peptides as revealed by kinetics and molecular docking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1021893. [PMID: 36337665 PMCID: PMC9635817 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1021893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with structural similarities to the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) are mostly used to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. However, the existing drugs only alleviate symptoms of moderate to mild conditions and come with side effects; hence, the search is still on for potent and safer options. In this study, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionations of AChE-inhibitory pea protein hydrolysates obtained from alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin digestions were carried out followed by sequence identification of the most active fractions using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, 20 novel peptide sequences identified from the active fractions were synthesized and five peptides, QSQS, LQHNA, SQSRS, ETRSQ, PQDER (IC50 = 1.53 – 1.61 μg/mL) were selected and analyzed for ability to change AChE protein conformation (fluorescence emission and circular dichroism), kinetics of enzyme inhibition, and enzyme-ligand binding configurations using molecular docking. The kinetics studies revealed different inhibition modes by the peptides with relatively low (<0.02 mM and <0.1 mM) inhibition constant and Michaelis constant, respectively, while maximum velocity was reduced. Conformational changes were confirmed by losses in fluorescence intensity and reduced α-helix content of AChE after interactions with different peptides. Molecular docking revealed binding of the peptides to both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site. The five analyzed peptides all contained glutamine (Q) but sequences with Q in the penultimate N-terminal position (LQHNA, SQSRS, and PQDER) had stronger binding affinity. Results from the different analysis in this study confirm that the peptides obtained from enzymatic digestion of pea protein possess the potential to be used as novel AChE-inhibitory agents in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Asen
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ogadimma D. Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Rotimi E. Aluko,
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Sharma R, Singla RK, Banerjee S, Sinha B, Shen B, Sharma R. Role of Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) in Neurological Disorders: An Umbrella Review Covering Evidence from Ethnopharmacology to Clinical Studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104795. [PMID: 35878793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
C. pluricaulis Choisy (C. pluricaulis), a perennial herb aka C. microphyllus Sieb. and C. Prostratus Forsk. is being used as a traditional folk medicine for a variety of ailments. In this article, we collected information about C. pluricaulis through electronic search using PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Web of Science as well as network pharmacology is done. This comprehensive review sheds light on the plant profile, phytochemistry, neuropharmacological, and toxicological data of C. pluricaulis. The crude herb and its metabolites have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacological effects, including memory enhancement, anxiolytic, tranquilizing, anti-depressant, anti-stress, neurodegenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsant, and Alzheimer's disease-reversing effects. Network pharmacology results indicate that compounds from C. pluricaulis interact with various proteins, neuro synapses, signaling pathways, and serotonergic synapse which plays a crucial role in neurotransmission, Alzheimer's disease, long-term depression, addictions to alcohol, cognitive disorders, psychological conditions, and increasing serotonin concentration in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India.
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Baivab Sinha
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Changhong AI Labs, Sichuan Changhong Electric Co. Ltd., Sichuan, China.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Shenoy A, Banerjee M, Upadhya A, Bagwe-Parab S, Kaur G. The Brilliance of the Zebrafish Model: Perception on Behavior and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:861155. [PMID: 35769627 PMCID: PMC9234549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.861155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly prevalent in the elderly population across the world. It's pathophysiological markers such as overproduction along with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are posing a serious challenge to novel drug development processes. A model which simulates the human neurodegenerative mechanism will be beneficial for rapid screening of potential drug candidates. Due to the comparable neurological network with humans, zebrafish has emerged as a promising AD model. This model has been thoroughly validated through research in aspects of neuronal pathways analogous to the human brain. The cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, which play a role in the manifested behavior of the zebrafish, are well defined. There are several behavioral models in both adult zebrafish and larvae to establish various aspects of cognitive impairment including spatial memory, associative memory, anxiety, and other such features that are manifested in AD. The zebrafish model eliminates the shortcomings of previously recognized mammalian models, in terms of expense, extensive assessment durations, and the complexity of imaging the brain to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the various models that analyze the changes in the normal behavioral patterns of the zebrafish when exposed to AD inducing agents. The mechanistic pathway adopted by drugs and novel therapeutic strategies can be explored via these behavioral models and their efficacy to slow the progression of AD can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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