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Association between the Processed Dietary Pattern and Tumor Staging in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051476. [PMID: 36900268 PMCID: PMC10001054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and tumor staging and the degree of cell differentiation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 136 individuals newly diagnosed with different stages of HNSCC, aged 20- to 80 years-old. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), using data collected from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinicopathological data were collected from patients' medical records. Disease staging was categorized as initial stage (stages I and II), intermediary (stage III), and advanced (stage IV). Cell differentiation was categorized as poor, moderate, or well-differentiated. The association of dietary patterns with tumor staging and cell differentiation was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Three dietary patterns, "healthy," "processed," and "mixed," were identified. The "processed" dietary pattern was associated with intermediary (odds ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-4.26; p = 0.001) and advanced (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.12-2.84; p = 0.015) staging. No association was found between dietary patterns and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION A high adherence to dietary patterns based on processed foods is associated with advanced tumor staging in patients newly diagnosed with HNSCC.
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Srivastava S, Dubey AK, Madaan R, Bala R, Gupta Y, Dhiman BS, Kumar S. Emergence of nutrigenomics and dietary components as a complementary therapy in cancer prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89853-89873. [PMID: 36367649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an illness characterized by abnormal cell development and the capability to infiltrate or spread to rest of the body. A tumor is the term for this abnormal growth that develops in solid tissues like an organ, muscle, or bone and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems. Nutrition is a critical and immortal environmental component in the development of all living organisms encoding the relationship between a person's nutrition and their genes. Nutrients have the ability to modify gene expression and persuade alterations in DNA and protein molecules which is researched scientifically in nutrigenomics. These interactions have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive dietary components as well as their site of action/molecular targets. Nutrigenomics encompasses nutrigenetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics as well as other "omic" disciplines like proteomics and metabolomics to explain the vast disparities in cancer risk among people with roughly similar life style. Clinical trials and researches have evidenced that alternation of dietary habits is potentially one of the key approaches for reducing cancer risk in an individual. In this article, we will target how nutrigenomics and functional food work as preventive therapy in reducing the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, 577102, Karnataka, India.
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, 110059, India.
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yugam Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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The role of nutrition in harnessing the immune system: a potential approach to prevent cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:245. [PMID: 36180759 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a vital barrier to increase the life expectancy and the foremost cause of death globally. The initial diagnosis and proper management of cancer can expand the survival rate of individuals. This review provides an in-depth investigation of cancer causes symptoms, types of cancer, and worldwide distribution of cancer. The relation between nutrition (i.e., various food items) and cancer is also emphasized to offer a framework of nutrition management in different cancer types. The microbiota is closely associated with the occurrence of cancer. Thus, genomics of intestinal microbes and nutrigenomics have been discussed based on the reported meta-analysis studies. A dramatic increase in cancer rates has been observed due to intake of alcohol, microbial infections, and deficiency of nutrition. Malnutrition is a substantial problem in cancer patients linked with improper treatment and increased morbidity. The detail studies of cancer and nutrigenomics are an eminent approach to comprehend the relation between microbes and the consumption of certain food types which can further reduce the cancer risk. The incorporation of specific nutrients and probiotics improved the gut microbial health, increased life expectancy, and also decreased the incidence of tumorigenesis in individuals.
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Haq ZU, Saleem A, Khan AA, Dar MA, Ganaie AM, Beigh YA, Hamadani H, Ahmad SM. Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100262. [PMID: 35856004 PMCID: PMC9287789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics unfolds the link between nutrition and gene expression for productivity.expression profile of intramuscular. Nutrigenomics helps scientists discover genes and DNA in each animal's cell or tissue by assisting them in selecting nutrients. It brings out the importance of micronutrition for increasing animal production. Nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology.
Noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer now outnumber all other health ailments in humans globally due to abrupt changes in lifestyle following the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution has also intensified livestock farming, resulting in an increased demand for productivity and stressed animals. The livestock industry faces significant challenges from a projected sharp increase in global food and high animal protein demand. Nutrition genomics holds great promise for the future as its advances have opened up a whole new world of disease understanding and prevention. Nutrigenomics is the study of the interactions between genes and diet. It investigates molecular relationships between nutrients and genes to identify how even minor modifications could potentially alter animal and human health/performance by using techniques like proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Dietary modifications mostly studied in livestock focus mainly on health and production traits through protein, fat, mineral, and vitamin supplementation changes. Nutrigenomics meticulously selects nutrients for fine-tuning the expression of genes that match animal/human genotypes for better health, productivity, and the environment. As a step forward, nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology to better understand the role of food as an epigenetic factor in the occurrence of these diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, latest advances, and studies in the field of nutrigenomics, emphasizing the interaction of diet with gene expression, and how it relates to human and animal health along with its human-animal interphase.
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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Cruceriu D, Diaconeasa Z, Socaci S, Socaciu C, Balacescu O, Rakosy-Tican E. Extracts of the Wild Potato Species Solanum chacoense on Breast Cancer Cells: Biochemical Characterization, In Vitro Selective Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:630-641. [PMID: 32372670 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1761407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solanum chacoense (wild potato) is intensively used in breeding, its biochemical profile and putative human health-related traits being transferred into potato cultivars aimed for consumption. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biochemical profile and the anti-tumor potential of methanolic extracts obtained from S. chacoense leaves and tubers against three breast cancer cell lines in comparison to healthy endothelial cells (HUVEC). The biochemical profile of the extracts was determined by HPLC-PDA/-ESI+-MS and ITEX/GC-MS, the selective cytotoxicity by MTT assay whereas RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes. Both extracts proved to be rich in phenolic acids and volatile compounds, the leaf extract also containing glycoalkaloids. Both extracts proved to be cytotoxic for breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values varying between 132.9 and 390.7 µg/ml. Both extracts had selective cytotoxicity against MCF7 cell line in comparison to HUVECs (selectivity coefficients >2.3). The treatment with the extracts induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene BAX¸ down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and the pro-proliferation genes NFkB, CCND1, and STAT3. Thus S. chacoense extracts proved to be rich in compounds with anticancer proprieties and are capable of inducing selective cytotoxicity on MCF7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cruceriu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Socaci
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Rakosy-Tican
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Saiwal N, Dahiya M, Dureja H. Nutraceutical Insight into Vegetables and their Potential for Nutrition Mediated Healthcare. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180115151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The connection between food and good health is not a new concept. Vegetables
are being used as a source of nutrition since long. Dietary active components are essential for the
normal functioning of the human body.
Methods:
The study basically involves all the three categories of research methodologies, including
analytic, descriptive and historical. It involves secondary data from scientific reports, books, and
journals.
Results:
Vegetables can be considered as nutraceuticals since they supply bioactive compounds effective
in decreasing the risk of many diseases. Vegetables are considered to be protective foods since
they contain low calories and higher vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are potentially suitable against
civilization diseases, which are caused by the lack of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants
(vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, cryptoxanthin, lycopene etc), and other micronutrients.
Conclusion:
The presence of bioactive compounds like phytochemicals offers nutraceutical values to
vegetables. Nutraceutical rich vegetables have been established to have a role in gastrointestinal disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Vegetables and fruits not only
have the potential to stop the growth of disease but also can cure many diseases and boost the immune
system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Saiwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
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Nasir A, Bullo MMH, Ahmed Z, Imtiaz A, Yaqoob E, Jadoon M, Ahmed H, Afreen A, Yaqoob S. Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1375-1387. [PMID: 30729798 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1571480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the prevention of diet and lifestyle-related diseases like cancer. It influences health conditions of individuals and susceptibility of disease by defining the metabolic response and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can perform a significant role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are the most common epigenetic mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids are the best example of nutrients and gene interaction not involving DNA methylation while certain bioactive food compounds have a proven role in cancer prevention through an epigenetic mechanism. Dietary polyphenols substantially take part in prevention of oral, breast, skin, esophageal, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers. Moreover, minerals and vitamins involve regulatory processes. Zinc, Selenium and folate involve in DNA repairing process have anticancer properties. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nasir
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Maroof international Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mir M Hassan Bullo
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Federal General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Eesha Yaqoob
- Department of Social Sciences, Peer Mehar Ali shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahpara Jadoon
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Afreen
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- College of food science and engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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9
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Braicu C, Mehterov N, Vladimirov B, Sarafian V, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nutrigenomics in cancer: Revisiting the effects of natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:84-106. [PMID: 28676460 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics effects have an important role in the manipulation of dietary components for human benefit, particularly in cancer prevention or treatment. The impact of dietary components, including phytochemicals, is largely studied by nutrigenomics, looking at the gene expression and molecular mechanisms interacting with bioactive compounds and nutrients, based on new 'omics' technologies. The high number of preclinical studies proves the relevant role of nutrigenomics in cancer management. By deciphering the network of nutrient-gene connections associated with cancer, relevant data will be transposed as therapeutic interventions for this devastating pathology and for fulfilling the concept of personalized nutrition. All these are presented under the nutrigenomics canopy for a better comprehension of the relation between ingested phytochemicals and chemoprevention or chemotherapy. The profits from the nutrigenomics progress, with a particular focus on the coding and noncoding genes related to the exposure of natural compounds need to be validated. A precise attention receives the evaluation of the role of natural compounds in tandem with conventional therapy using genomic approaches, with emphasis on the capacity to inhibit drug resistance mechanisms. All these relevant nutrigenomics aspects are summarized in the present review paper. It is concluded that further nutrigenomics studies are required to improve our understanding related to the complex mechanisms of action of the natural compounds and for their appropriate application as gears in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139, Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 3 Hristo Botev Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 66 Peshtersko Shosse Blvd., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Sheikh Bahaei St., P.O. Box 19395, 5487 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republici 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Dates CR, Tollefsbol TO. Transforming Cancer Epigenetics Using Nutritive Approaches and Noncoding RNAs. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 18:32-38. [PMID: 28176654 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170203165326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Although preventive strategies, early detection, and improved treatment options have been developed, novel targets and therapeutics are still needed. Since concluding that cancer is mediated by genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cell, many research groups are now focusing on other means of prevention and therapy via nutrition, epigenetic mechanisms, and non-coding RNAs which have been shown to control gene expression and have many different functions at the cellular level. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing in human cancer, the potential to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets of disease has increased tremendously and led to the identification of many non-coding RNAs that are dysregulated in various cancers. Gene expression and regulation is important in maintaining the homeostasis of normal tissues and cells. Not uncommonly, up- or down-regulation of particular genes are associated with cancer as a result of increased or decreased expression of transcriptional targets. This review focuses on the role of nutrition in cancer and the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs with particular emphasis on long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Centdrika R Dates
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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11
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Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Duan DD. From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:185-231. [PMID: 27288830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D D Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.
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Zanelatto LC, Sartori D, Lepri SR, Mantovani MS. Chemoprotective action of l-(+)-selenomethionine on the modulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and in the UPR pathway. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Selenium and prostate cancer prevention: insights from the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). Nutrients 2013; 5:1122-48. [PMID: 23552052 PMCID: PMC3705339 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) was conducted to assess the efficacy of selenium and vitamin E alone, and in combination, on the incidence of prostate cancer. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design clinical trial found that neither selenium nor vitamin E reduced the incidence of prostate cancer after seven years and that vitamin E was associated with a 17% increased risk of prostate cancer compared to placebo. The null result was surprising given the strong preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting chemopreventive activity of selenium. Potential explanations for the null findings include the agent formulation and dose, the characteristics of the cohort, and the study design. It is likely that only specific subpopulations may benefit from selenium supplementation; therefore, future studies should consider the baseline selenium status of the participants, age of the cohort, and genotype of specific selenoproteins, among other characteristics, in order to determine the activity of selenium in cancer prevention.
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