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Crespi BJ. Nausea, vomiting and conflict in pregnancy: The adaptive significance of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15. Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:75-81. [PMID: 38711789 PMCID: PMC11071683 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is heritable, common and aversive, and its extreme, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), can be highly deleterious to the mother and fetus. Recent influential studies have demonstrated that HG is caused predominantly by high levels of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), a hormone produced by the placenta in substantial amounts. This work has led to calls for therapeutic modulation of this hormone to reduce GDF15 levels and ameliorate HG risk. I describe three main lines of evidence relevant to the hypothesis that GDF15 production is typically adaptive for the fetus, in the context of enhanced placental invasion, reduced rates of miscarriage and preterm birth and higher birth weight. These considerations highlight the medical implications of maternal-fetal conflict, in the context of tradeoffs between aversive symptoms during gestation, rare disorders of pregnancy with major adverse effects and moderate fitness-enhancing benefits to fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Laursen ASD, Johannesen BR, Willis SK, Hatch EE, Wise LA, Wesselink AK, Rothman KJ, Sørensen HT, Mikkelsen EM. Adherence to Nordic dietary patterns and risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3255-3265. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schütt M, Nguyen TD, Kalff-Suske M, Wagner U, Macharey G, Ziller V. Subcutaneous progesterone versus vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization: A retrospective analysis from daily clinical practice. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:262-267. [PMID: 34370944 PMCID: PMC8421659 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Progesterone application for luteal phase support is a well-established concept in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Water-soluble subcutaneous progesterone injections have shown pregnancy rates equivalent to those observed in patients receiving vaginal administration in randomized controlled trials. Our study aimed to investigate whether the results from those pivotal trials could be reproduced in daily clinical practice in an unselected patient population. Methods In this retrospective cohort study in non-standardized daily clinical practice, we compared 273 IVF cycles from 195 women undergoing IVF at our center for luteal phase support with vaginal administration of 200 mg of micronized progesterone three times daily or subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of progesterone per day. Results Various patient characteristics including age, weight, height, number of oocytes, and body mass index were similar between both groups. We observed no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per treatment cycle between the subcutaneous (39.9%) and vaginal group (36.5%) (p=0.630). Covariate analysis showed significant correlations of the number of transferred embryos and the total dosage of stimulation medication with the CPR. However, after adjustment of the CPR for these covariates using a regression model, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (odds ratio, 0.956; 95% confidence interval, 0.512–1.786; p=0.888). Conclusion In agreement with randomized controlled trials in study populations with strict selection criteria, our study determined that subcutaneous progesterone was equally effective as vaginally applied progesterone in daily clinical practice in an unselected patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schütt
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine and Osteoporosis, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - The Duy Nguyen
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine and Osteoporosis, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martha Kalff-Suske
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine and Osteoporosis, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine and Osteoporosis, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Georg Macharey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volker Ziller
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine and Osteoporosis, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Wang M, Chen Z, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Lian F, Li H, Yang J, Xu X. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and maternal-neonatal outcomes in women with established gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3148-3157. [PMID: 33386179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with a well-documented range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and maternal-neonatal outcomes in women with established GDM. METHODS Published literature was retrieved and screened from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trails up to May 2020. RCTs of vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women with GDM were included. RESULTS 19 RCTs (1550 participants) were eligible for meta-analyses. Overall, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD: -10.20 mg/dL, 95%CI: -13.43 to -6.96), insulin concentration (MD: -5.02 μIU/mL, 95%CI: -6.83 to -3.20) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD:-1.06, 95%CI: -1.40 to -0.72) in women with GDM. In addition, vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with GDM significantly reduced adverse maternal outcomes including cesarean section (RR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.63 to 0.89), maternal hospitalization (RR: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.02 to 0.98) and postpartum hemorrhage (RR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.22 to 1.00). Several adverse neonatal complications including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (RR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.67), giant children (RR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.38 to 0.89), polyhydramnios (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.72), fetal distress (RR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.24 to 0.90) and premature delivery (RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.72) were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that supplementation of GDM women with vitamin D may lead to an improvement in glycemic control and reduction of adverse maternal-neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhaojing Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the association between maternal caffeine consumption and infant and childhood health outcomes and the results have been inconsistent. The study of maternal caffeine intake and infant and childhood health outcomes is prone to methodologic challenges. In this review, we examine the existing evidence juxtaposed with the epidemiologic design challenges that color the interpretation of the study results presented. In light of methodologic/interpretation challenges, it seems reasonable to infer that exposure to low levels of caffeine is probably not associated with substantial infant and childhood adversities. However, more research is needed using well designed studies that address methodologic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Brookline, MA, USA
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Sancak S, Çeler Ö, Çırak E, Karip AB, Tumiçin Aydın M, Esen Bulut N, Mahir Fersahoğlu M, Altun H, Memişoğlu K. Timing of Gestation After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG): Does It Influence Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies? Obes Surg 2020; 29:1498-1505. [PMID: 30661209 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-03700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the effect of pregnancy timing after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS Women with LSG were stratified into two groups with surgery-to-conception intervals of ≤ 18 months (early group) or > 18 months (late group). Only the first delivery after LSG was included in this study. We compared maternal characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes and adherence to the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations for gestational weight gain (GWG) in the two groups. RESULTS Fifteen patients conceived ≤ 18 months after surgery, with a mean surgery-to-conception interval of 5.6 ± 4.12 months, and 29 women conceived > 18 months following LSG, with a mean surgery-to-conception interval of 32.31 ± 11.38 months, p < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding birth weight, gestational age, cesarean deliveries (CD), preterm birth, whether their child was small or large for their gestational age, or in the need of neonatal intensive care. There was no correlation between mean weight loss from operation till conception, mean weight gain during pregnancy, and mean body mass index (BMI) at conception between birth weight in either study group. Inadequate and normal GWG was significantly higher in the early group, whereas excessive GWG was significantly higher in the late group (X2, 20.780; p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION The interval between LSG and conception did not impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. Pregnancy after LSG was overall safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Sancak
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, 34752, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özgen Çeler
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, 34752, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çırak
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aziz Bora Karip
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Tumiçin Aydın
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Esen Bulut
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Mahir Fersahoğlu
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Altun
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- General Surgery Clinic, Liv Hospital, Ulus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Memişoğlu
- General Surgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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Biases Inherent in Studies of Coffee Consumption in Early Pregnancy and the Risks of Subsequent Events. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091152. [PMID: 30142937 PMCID: PMC6163788 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of coffee by women early in their pregnancy has been viewed as potentially increasing the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, and childhood leukemias. Many of these reports of epidemiologic studies have not acknowledged the potential biases inherent in studying the relationship between early-pregnancy-coffee consumption and subsequent events. I discuss five of these biases, recall bias, misclassification, residual confounding, reverse causation, and publication bias. Each might account for claims that attribute adversities to early-pregnancy-coffee consumption. To what extent these biases can be avoided remains to be determined. As a minimum, these biases need to be acknowledged wherever they might account for what is reported.
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Women's Awareness and Associated Factors on Preconception Folic Acid Supplementation in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2016: Implication of Reproductive Health. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:4936080. [PMID: 30116639 PMCID: PMC6079494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4936080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preconception folic acid supplementation is the provision of folate for reproductive age group women who have a plan to be pregnant. According to different studies, in African countries, there is poor utilization of preconception folic supplementation. So this study aimed at assessing women's awareness on preconception care and its associated factors in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 1, 2016, among 422 reproductive age group women. Systematic random sampling was used to get the study unit, and the data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview. The collected data were entered, cleaned, checked using EpiData version 3.1, and finally analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive summary of the data was presented in terms of percentage and frequency. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used in order to identify predictors using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval. Result In this study, a total of 422 reproductive age group women participated with a response rate of 100%. Of a total of 422 participants, 67 (15.9%) of the women had good awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation. Women's awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was affected by having a chronic health problem, monthly household income, educational status, and a history of family planning use. Women who were educated (AOR 4.77, CI 1.85-6.98), had a history of family planning use (AOR 3.89, CI 1.77-8.55), had a chronic health problem (AOR 3.47, CI 2.68-5.98), and had a better monthly income (AOR 2.6, CI 2.05-6.76) had good awareness than their counterparts. Conclusion and Recommendation This study concluded that women's awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was low. This finding suggests that there is a need to give emphasis and deliver health education about preconception folic acid supplementation for women.
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Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Williams PL, Toth TL, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Prepregnancy Low to Moderate Alcohol Intake Is Not Associated with Risk of Spontaneous Abortion or Stillbirth. J Nutr 2016; 146:799-805. [PMID: 26962177 PMCID: PMC4807650 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have documented the negative effects of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy on risk of pregnancy loss, yet whether prepregnancy alcohol intake affects the risk of spontaneous abortion is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess prepregnancy alcohol intake and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. METHODS Our prospective cohort study included 27,580 pregnancies reported by 17,929 women in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1990 and 2009. Alcohol intake was assessed in 1989 and 1991 and every 4 y thereafter with the use of a validated questionnaire. Women were classified into 5 categories of consumption: 0, 0.1-1.9, 2-4.9, 5-9.9, and ≥10 g/d (1 serving = ∼12 g). Pregnancies were self-reported, with case pregnancies lost spontaneously (spontaneous abortion after gestation of <20 wk and stillbirth after gestation of ≥20 wk) and comparison pregnancies not ending in fetal loss (live birth, ectopic pregnancy, or induced abortion). Multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS Incident spontaneous abortion and stillbirth were reported in 4326 (15.7%) and 205 (0.7%) pregnancies, respectively. Prepregnancy alcohol intake was not associated with spontaneous abortion. Compared with women who did not consume alcohol, the multivariable RRs (95% CIs) for increasing categories of alcohol intake among women who did consume alcohol were 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) for 0.1-1.9 g/d, 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) for 2-4.9 g/d, 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) for 5-9.9 g/d, and 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) for ≥10 g/d (P-trend = 0.45). Women who consumed ≥2 servings beer/wk before pregnancy had a 9% (95% CI: 1%, 17%) lower risk of spontaneous abortion than did women who consumed <1 serving beer/mo; however, this association did not persist in various sensitivity analyses. Prepregnancy consumption of wine and liquor were not associated with spontaneous abortion. Total alcohol and specific alcohol beverage intake before pregnancy were not associated with stillbirth. CONCLUSION Prepregnancy alcohol intake was not related to risk of incident spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in women with no history of pregnancy loss. Our results provide reassuring evidence that low to moderate alcohol intake (≤12 g/d) before pregnancy initiation does not affect risk of pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Departments of Nutrition,,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine and,Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Paige L Williams
- Epidemiology, and,Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas L Toth
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine and,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Departments of Nutrition,,Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine and
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