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Wan L, Li Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Song L, Liang W. Rapid detection of markers in green coffee beans with different primary processing treatments of Coffea arabica L. from Yunnan. Food Chem 2024; 455:139942. [PMID: 38917655 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The characteristic flavor of Coffea arabica from Yunnan is largely attributed to the primary processing treatments through affecting the VOCs accumulation. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive detection technique is needed to accurately recognize VOCs in green coffee beans with different pretreatment methods. Hence, we conducted volatile profiles and identified nine markers of three different primary processed green coffee beans from the major production areas in Yunnan with the combined of HS-SPME-GC-MS and PTR-TOF-MS. The relationships between the chemical composition and the content of VOCs in green coffee beans were elucidated. Among the markers, palmitic acid (F3), linoleic acid (F6), α-ethylidene phenylacetaldehyde (T4), and phytane (T8) contributed to the antioxidant activity of sun-exposed green coffee beans. In conclusion, the analytical technology presented here provided a general tool for an overall and rapid understanding of a detailed volatile profiles of green coffee beans in Yunnan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lianping Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenjuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Li X, Yi Y, Wu T, Chen N, Gu X, Xiang L, Jiang Z, Li J, Jin H. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals the interaction between intestinal flora and serum metabolites as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1170748. [PMID: 37260707 PMCID: PMC10227431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1170748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer poses a serious threat to human health and quality of life. Despite numerous studies on the microbial composition of the gut in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little is known about the interactions of the gut microbiota and metabolites and their role in HCC. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiota and serum metabolic profiles in 68 patients with HCC, 33 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 34 healthy individuals (NC) using a combination of metagenome sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The composition of the serum metabolites and the structure of the intestinal microbiota were found to be significantly altered in HCC patients compared to non-HCC patients. LEfSe and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify two key species (Odoribacter splanchnicus and Ruminococcus bicirculans) and five key metabolites (ouabain, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholate, theophylline, and xanthine) associated with HCC, which then were combined to create panels for HCC diagnosis. The study discovered that the diagnostic performance of the metabolome was superior to that of the microbiome, and a panel comprised of key species and key metabolites outperformed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in terms of diagnostic value. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the intestinal flora and serum metabolites and their impact on hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. A random forest model was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the different histologies alone and in combination. In summary, this study describes the characteristics of HCC patients' intestinal flora and serum metabolism, demonstrates that HCC is caused by the interaction of intestinal flora and serum metabolites, and suggests that two key species and five key metabolites may be potential markers for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heiying Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Fan FS. Coffee reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma probably through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by caffeine. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1029491. [PMID: 36330474 PMCID: PMC9623052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tewari D, Priya A, Bishayee A, Bishayee A. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signalling for cancer prevention and intervention: Recent advances in developing small molecules of natural origin. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e795. [PMID: 35384373 PMCID: PMC8982327 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, but a significant advancement in cancer treatment has been achieved within the last few decades. However, major adverse effects and drug resistance associated with standard chemotherapy have led towards targeted treatment options. Objectives Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. The prime objective of this review is to decipher the role of TGF‐β in oncogenesis and to evaluate the potential of various natural and synthetic agents to target this dysregulated pathway to confer cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic effects. Methods Various authentic and scholarly databases were explored to search and obtain primary literature for this study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) criteria was followed for the review. Results Here we provide a comprehensive and critical review of recent advances on our understanding of the effect of various bioactive natural molecules on the TGF‐β signaling pathway to evaluate their full potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Conclusion Based on emerging evidence as presented in this work, TGF‐β‐targeting bioactive compounds from natural sources can serve as potential therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of various human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Carrieri P, Carrat F, Di Beo V, Bourlière M, Barré T, De Ledinghen V, Pageaux GP, Bureau M, Cagnot C, Dorival C, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Marcellin F, Pol S, Fontaine H, Protopopescu C, Laurent Alric, Bonnet D, Payssan-Sicart V, Pomes C, Zoulim F, Maynard M, Bai R, Hucault L, Bailly F, Raffi F, Billaud E, Boutoille D, Lefebvre M, André-Garnier E, Cales P, Hubert I, Lannes A, Lunel F, Boursier J, Asselah T, Boyer N, Giuily N, Castelnau C, Scoazec G, Pol S, Fontaine H, Rousseaud E, Vallet-Pichard A, Sogni P, de Ledinghen V, Foucher J, Hiriart JB, M’Bouyou J, Irlès-Depé M, Bourlière M, Si Ahmed SN, Oules V, Tran A, Anty R, Gelsi E, Truchi R, Thabut D, Hammeche S, Moussali J, Causse X, De Dieuleveult B, Ouarani B, Labarrière D, Ganne N, Grando-Lemaire V, Nahon P, Brulé S, Ulker B, Guyader D, Jezequel C, Brener A, Laligant A, Rabot A, Renard I, Habersetzer F, Baumert TF, Doffoel M, Mutter C, Simo-Noumbissie P, Razi E, Bronowicki JP, Barraud H, Bensenane M, Nani A, Hassani-Nani S, Bernard MA, Pageaux GP, Larrey D, Meszaros M, Metivier S, Bureau C, Morales T, Peron JM, Robic MA, Decaens T, Froissart B, Hilleret MN, Costentin C, Gerster T, Riachi G, Goria O, Paris F, Montialoux H, Leroy V, Amaddeo G, Varaut A, Simoes M, Amzal R, Chazouillières O, Andreani T, Angoulevant B, Chevance A, Serfaty L, Duclos Vallée JC, Samuel D, Antonini T, Coilly A, Tateo M, Abergel A, Reymond M, Brigitte C, Benjamin B, Muti L, Geist C, Conroy G, Riffault R, Rosa I, Barrault C, Costes L, Hagège H, Loustaud-Ratti V, Carrier P, Debette-Gratien M, Mathurin P, Lassailly G, Lemaitre E, Canva V, Dharancy S, Louvet A, Minello A, Latournerie M, Bardou M, Mouillot T, D’Alteroche L, Barbereau D, Nicolas C, Elkrief L, Jaillais A, Gournay J, Chevalier C, Archambeaud I, Habes S, Portal I, Gelu-Simeon M, Saillard E, Lafrance MJ, Catherine L, Carrat F, Chau F, Dorival C, Goderel I, Lusivika-Nzinga C, Bellance MA, Bellet J, Monfalet P, Chane-Teng J, Bijaoui S, Pannetier G, Téoulé F, Nicol J, Bekhti R, Cagnot C, Boston A, Nailler L, Le Meut G, Diallo A, Petrov-Sanchez V, Marc Bourlière, Boursier J, Carrat F, Carrieri P, Delarocque-Astagneau E, De Ledinghen V, Dorival C, Fontaine H, Fourati S, Housset C, Larrey D, Nahon P, Pageaux GP, Petrov-Sanchez V, Pol S, Bruyand M, Wittkop L, Zoulim F, Zucman-Rossi J, L’hennaff M, Sizorn M, Boston A, Diallo A, Cagnot C, Bousselet A, Caralp M. Severe liver fibrosis in the HCV cure era: major effects of social vulnerability, diabetes, and unhealthy behaviors. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100481. [PMID: 35514789 PMCID: PMC9065909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims After HCV cure, not all patients achieve significant liver fibrosis regression. We explored the effects of clinical and socio-behavioral factors on liver fibrosis, before and after HCV cure with direct-acting antivirals. Methods We analyzed data from the ongoing ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort, which prospectively collects clinical and socio-behavioral data on HCV-infected patients. Mixed-effects logistic regression models helped identify predictors of longitudinal measures of severe liver fibrosis, defined as a fibrosis-4 index >3.25. We also estimated the adjusted population attributable fractions (PAFs) for modifiable risk factors. Results Among the 9,692 study patients (accounting for 24,687 visits over 4 years of follow-up, 48.5% of which were post-HCV cure), 26% had severe fibrosis at enrolment. After multivariable adjustment, HCV-cured patients had an 87% lower risk of severe fibrosis. An inverse dose-response relationship was found for coffee consumption, with the risk of severe fibrosis diminishing by 58% per additional cup/day (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.38-0.46). Unemployment, low educational level, and diabetes were associated with a higher severe fibrosis risk (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.32-2.16, aOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.20-1.86, and aOR 4.27; 95% CI 3.15-5.77, respectively). Severe fibrosis risk was 3.6/4.6-fold higher in individuals with previous/current unhealthy alcohol use than in abstinent patients. All these associations remained valid after HCV cure. The risk factors accounting for the greatest severe fibrosis burden were unemployment, low education level, and diabetes (PAFs: 29%, 21%, and 17%, respectively). Conclusions Monitoring liver fibrosis after HCV cure is crucial for patients with low socioeconomic status, previous/current unhealthy alcohol use, and diabetes. Innovative HCV care models for the most socially vulnerable individuals and interventions for healthier lifestyles are needed to reinforce the positive effects of HCV cure on liver health. Lay summary After hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure, not all patients achieve significant liver fibrosis regression. Herein, we studied the effects of clinical and socio-behavioral factors on the risk of severe liver fibrosis. Coffee consumption was strongly inversely associated with severe fibrosis, while diabetes, previous and current unhealthy alcohol use were associated with a 4.3-, 3.6- and 4.6-fold higher risk of severe fibrosis, respectively. Unemployment and low educational level were also associated with a higher risk of severe fibrosis. All these associations remained valid after HCV cure. These results demonstrate the need to continue liver fibrosis monitoring in at-risk groups, and to facilitate healthier lifestyles after HCV cure as a clinical and public health priority. Liver fibrosis assessment is a key prognostic tool in the hepatitis C cure era. Significant liver fibrosis regression does not always occur after hepatitis C cure. Coffee intake displays protective effects on severe fibrosis even after HCV cure. Social vulnerability, diabetes, and unhealthy alcohol use predict severe fibrosis. Socio-behavioral factors are associated with severe fibrosis even after HCV cure.
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Byrd DA, Sinha R, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Freedman ND, Sampson J, Loftfield E. An investigation of cross-sectional associations of a priori-selected dietary components with circulating bile acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1802-1813. [PMID: 34477829 PMCID: PMC8574696 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature suggests chronically higher bile acid (BA) concentrations may be associated with multiple health conditions. Diet may affect BA metabolism and signaling; however, evidence from human populations is lacking. OBJECTIVES We systematically investigated cross-sectional associations of a priori-selected dietary components (fiber, alcohol, coffee, fat) with circulating BA concentrations. METHODS We used targeted, quantitative LC-MS/MS panels to measure 15 circulating BAs in a subset of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC; n = 2224) and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO; n = 986) comprising Finnish male smokers and United States men and women, respectively. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate associations of each dietary component with log-transformed BAs; exponentiated coefficients estimate proportional differences. We included the median of the dietary component quartile in linear regression models to test for trend. RESULTS In ATBC, fiber was inversely associated with multiple circulating BAs. The proportional difference was -10.09% (95% CI: -19.29 to 0.16; P-trend = 0.04) when comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest fiber quartile. Alcohol, trans fat, and polyunsaturated fat were positively associated with BAs in ATBC. The proportional difference comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest alcohol quartile was 8.76% (95% CI: -3.10 to 22.06; P-trend = 0.03). Coffee and monounsaturated fat were inversely associated with BAs. The proportional difference comparing total BAs among those in the highest relative to the lowest coffee quartile was -24.03% (95% CI: -31.57 to -15.66; P-trend < 0.0001). In PLCO, no dietary components were associated with BAs except fiber, which was inversely associated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol, coffee, certain fat subtypes, and fiber were associated with circulating concentrations of multiple BAs among Finnish male smokers. Given the potential role of BAs in disease risk, further investigation of the effects of diet on BAs in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bosso H, Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Otoboni AMMB. Green coffee: economic relevance and a systematic review of the effects on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:394-410. [PMID: 34236263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1948817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is probably the most popular beverage after water and is an important component in diet and health since its consumption is high worldwide. Globally, it is the most relevant food commodity being just behind crude oil. Besides its pleasant flavor, it is an antioxidant source due to polyphenols, which are protective compounds against several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the economic relevance and perform a systematic review of green coffee's effects on human health. Databases such as MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Green coffee is considered a novel food product because consumers usually consume only roasted coffee. It can be marketed as such or as an extract. Due to the content of bioactive compounds, which are partially lost during the roasting process, the extracts are usually marketed concerning the potential regarding health effects. Green coffee can be used as dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, as a source of antioxidants. It can benefit human health, such as improvement in blood pressure, plasma lipids, and body weight (thus contributing to the improvement of risk components of Metabolic Syndrome). Moreover, benefits for cognitive functions may also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Bosso
- Medical school of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
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Ouakhssase A, Fatini N, Ait Addi E. A facile extraction method followed by UPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in raw coffee beans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1551-1560. [PMID: 34047680 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1925165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in raw coffee samples. Mycotoxins were extracted using a modified QuEChERS method with little sample preparation excluding clean-up and enrichment procedures. Linearity was demonstrated for the five mycotoxins in the range 0.125-20 µg/kg. This method shows negligible matrix effect for individual concentrations, thus allowing the use of an external standard procedure. Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.45 to 1 μg/kg. Recoveries between 63% and 89% were achieved. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 15%. The applicability of the method was demonstrated, taking into account fitness for purpose, with simplicity, reliability, low costs and environmental friendliness. The results show that 3 out of 4 samples were contaminated with OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, Research Group: Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Fatini
- Département de Contaminants Organiques, Laboratoire Marocain de l'Agriculture (LABOMAG), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, Research Group: Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Nehlig A, Cunha RA. The Coffee-Acrylamide Apparent Paradox: An Example of Why the Health Impact of a Specific Compound in a Complex Mixture Should Not Be Evaluated in Isolation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103141. [PMID: 33066651 PMCID: PMC7602460 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health implications of acrylamide in food are a matter of concern based on toxicological studies in rodents, which showed that doses of acrylamide more than 100 times higher than those estimated to result from dietary exposure in humans are carcinogenic; however, the cancer types reported in rodents are species-specific, and whether these results can be extrapolated to humans is still in question. In fact, human epidemiological studies revealed a general lack of association between dietary acrylamide exposure and the incidence of different cancer types. Even occupational exposure to acrylamide, resulting in acrylamide exposure nearly 10 times higher than dietary exposure, did not increase tumor occurrence. Furthermore, the consumption of coffee, which is a main contributor of dietary acrylamide exposure, actually decreases the overall incidence of cancer in humans and afford global health benefits, increasing both lifespan and healthspan on ageing. This paradox clearly illustrates the risk of evaluating an individual molecule independently of its complete food matrix, which may have other components that completely override the effects of the considered molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Nehlig
- INSERM U 1129, Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U 1129, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ishii M, Ishii Y, Nakayama T, Takahashi Y, Asai S. 13C-caffeine breath test identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with caffeine metabolism. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:321-328. [PMID: 32303460 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We performed a caffeine (N-3-methyl-13C) breath test (CafeBT) to determine whether it can be employed to identify caffeine metabolism-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. The study included 130 healthy adults (mean age: 21.9 years). Saliva was collected using an Oragene®•DNA saliva collection kit. Breath samples were collected from the subjects. The subjects orally ingested 100 mg 13C-caffeine dissolved in distilled water. Subsequently, breath samples were collected in bags every 10 min for a total of 90 min. An analysis of 13CO2 in the expired breath was performed by infrared spectroscopy, and the sum of Δ13CO2 over 90 min (S90m) was calculated. DNA from saliva samples was genotyped using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping for the following genes: cytochrome P4501A2: rs762551, rs2472297, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (rs4410790), and adenosine A2A receptor (rs5751876). All subjects had the genotype CC in rs2472297 alleles. No significant difference was observed in S90m among the genotypes of rs762551 and rs5751876; however, a significant difference was found in S90m among the genotypes of rs4410790 (C > T). Our findings suggest that the N-3 demethylation of caffeine is dependent on the rs4410790 allele and that CafeBT may be used to determine rs4410790 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ishii
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Research Planning and Development, Medical Research Support Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yukimoto Ishii
- Division of Research Planning and Development, Medical Research Support Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Companion Diagnostics, Department of Pathology of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Takahashi
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Asai
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Caffeine and Theobromine Using Non-Matched Matrix Calibration Curve. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162863. [PMID: 31394755 PMCID: PMC6720522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psycho-stimulants. The study of the beneficial effects of caffeine consumption to decrease the risk of developing several neuropsychiatric pathologies is receiving increasing attention. Thus, accurate and sensitive methods have been developed, mainly by LC-MS/MS, in order to quantify caffeine and its metabolites. These quantifications of caffeine and its metabolites by LC-MS/MS require a considerable effort to select or find a surrogate matrix, without the compounds of interest, to be used in the calibration curves. Thus, we evaluated the possibility of using calibration curves prepared in solvent instead of calibration curves prepared in human plasma. Results show that the calibration curves prepared in solvent and in human plasma were similar by comparing their slopes and interceptions, and the accuracy and precision were within the limits of acceptance for both calibration curves. This work demonstrates that, by using internal standards, it is possible to use a calibration curve in solvent instead of a calibration curve in plasma to perform an accurate and precise quantification of caffeine and theobromine.
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