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Sperm as a Carrier of Genome Instability in Relation to Paternal Lifestyle and Nutritional Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153155. [PMID: 35956329 PMCID: PMC9370520 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous factors can severely affect the integrity of genetic information by inducing DNA damage and impairing genome stability. The extent to which men with and without subfertility are exposed to several adverse lifestyle factors and the impact on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), sperm chromatin maturity (condensation and decondensation), stability (hypo- and hypercondensation) and sperm aneuploidy are assessed in this study. Standardized assays employing flow cytometry were used to detect genome instability in 556 samples. Semen parameters deteriorated with age, BMI, increased physical activity and smoking. Age and BMI were associated with increased SDF. Increased BMI was associated with increased hypocondensed chromatin and decreased decondensed chromatin. Increase in age also caused an increase in sex chromosome aneuploidy in sperms. Surprisingly, alcohol abuse reduced chromatin hypercondensation and drug abuse reduced SDF. Although genome instability was more pronounced in the subfertile population as compared to the fertile group, the proportion of men with at least one lifestyle risk factor was the same in both the fertile and subfertile groups. While one in three benefited from nutritional supplementation, one in five showed an increase in SDF after supplementation. Whilst the message of ‘no smoking, no alcohol, no drugs, but a healthy diet’ should be offered as good health advice, we are a long way from concluding that nutritional supplementation would be beneficial for male fertility.
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2
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Bouchard C. Genetics of Obesity: What We Have Learned Over Decades of Research. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:802-820. [PMID: 33899337 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a genetic component to human obesity that accounts for 40% to 50% of the variability in body weight status but that is lower among normal weight individuals (about 30%) and substantially higher in the subpopulation of individuals with obesity and severe obesity (about 60%-80%). The appreciation that heritability varies across classes of BMI represents an important advance. After controlling for BMI, ectopic fat and fat distribution traits are characterized by heritability levels ranging from 30% to 55%. Defects in at least 15 genes are the cause of monogenic obesity cases, resulting mostly from deficiencies in the leptin-melanocortin signaling pathway. Approximately two-thirds of the BMI heritability can be imputed to common DNA variants, whereas low-frequency and rare variants explain the remaining fraction. Diminishing allele effect size is observed as the number of obesity-associated variants expands, with most BMI-increasing or -decreasing alleles contributing only a few grams or less to body weight. Obesity-promoting alleles exert minimal effects in normal weight individuals but have larger effects in individuals with a proneness to obesity, suggesting a higher penetrance; however, it is not known whether these larger effect sizes precede obesity or are caused by an obese state. The obesity genetic risk is conditioned by thousands of DNA variants that make genetically based obesity prevention and treatment a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Allum F, Grundberg E. Capturing functional epigenomes for insight into metabolic diseases. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100936. [PMID: 32199819 PMCID: PMC7300388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases such as obesity are known to be driven by both environmental and genetic factors. Although genome-wide association studies of common variants and their impact on complex traits have provided some biological insight into disease etiology, identified genetic variants have been found to contribute only a small proportion to disease heritability, and to map mainly to non-coding regions of the genome. To link variants to function, association studies of cellular traits, such as epigenetic marks, in disease-relevant tissues are commonly applied. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW We review large-scale efforts to generate genome-wide maps of coordinated epigenetic marks and their utility in complex disease dissection with a focus on DNA methylation. We contrast DNA methylation profiling methods and discuss the advantages of using targeted methods for single-base resolution assessments of methylation levels across tissue-specific regulatory regions to deepen our understanding of contributing factors leading to complex diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Large-scale assessments of DNA methylation patterns in metabolic disease-linked study cohorts have provided insight into the impact of variable epigenetic variants in disease etiology. In-depth profiling of epigenetic marks at regulatory regions, particularly at tissue-specific elements, will be key to dissect the genetic and environmental components contributing to metabolic disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C7, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States.
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4
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Can study of the ADRB3 gene help improve weight loss programs in obese individuals? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:66-73. [PMID: 32340905 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin characterized by excess weight and excess fat accumulation, and whose etiology includes intrinsic (genetic, physiological, and metabolic) and extrinsic (social and cultural) factors. Fat accumulation is caused by a prolonged imbalance in the energy balance influenced, among other factors, by adaptive thermogenesis, which is triggered by cold environmental conditions, or by hypercaloric intake. Thermogenesis is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and occurs in the muscle and brown adipose tissue. There are adrenergic receptors in brown adipose tissue, including the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), the main receptor for the regulation of thermogenesis. The presence in heterozygosis of an SNP-type polymorphism in the ADRB3 gene (Trp64Arg; rs4994) is associated with a lower lipolytic activity, a predisposition to obesity, and resistance to weight loss. The objective of this study was to analyze through a systematic review the weight loss program most appropriate for carriers. METHODS A retrospective study of published papers on rs4994 polymorphism in the SNP and PubMed databases was conducted. RESULTS Most published studies suggest the presence of obesity and resistance to weight loss in carriers, and report significant improvements in anthropometric parameters when patients receive fat-rich hypocaloric diets. CONCLUSIONS Based on these conclusions, specific nutritional and physical exercise guidelines are proposed for individuals carrying the Trp64Arg allele.
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Hammad SS, Eck P, Sihag J, Chen X, Connelly PW, Lamarche B, Couture P, Guay V, Maltais-Giguère J, West SG, Kris-Etherton PM, Bowen KJ, Jenkins DJA, Taylor CG, Perera D, Wilson A, Castillo S, Zahradka P, Jones PJH. Common Variants in Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes Associate with Fat Mass Changes in Response to Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Adults with Abdominal Obesity. J Nutr 2019; 149:1749-1756. [PMID: 31291447 PMCID: PMC7443768 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different fatty acids (FAs) can vary in their obesogenic effect, and genetic makeup can contribute to fat deposition in response to dietary FA composition. However, the antiobesogenic effects of the interactions between dietary MUFAs and genetics have scarcely been tested in intervention studies. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the overall (primary outcome) and genetically modulated (secondary outcome) response in body weight and fat mass to different levels of MUFA consumption. METHODS In the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II, a randomized, crossover, isocaloric, controlled-feeding multicenter trial, 44 men and 71 women with a mean age of 44 y and an increased waist circumference (men ∼108 cm and women ∼102 cm) consumed each of 3 oils for 6 wk, separated by four 12-wk washout periods. Oils included 2 high-MUFA oils-conventional canola and high-oleic canola (<7% SFAs, >65% MUFAs)-and 1 low-MUFA/high-SFA oil blend (40.2% SFAs, 22.0% MUFAs). Body fat was measured using DXA. Five candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using qualitative PCR. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in adiposity measures following the consumption of either high-MUFA diet compared with the low-MUFA/high-SFA treatment. However, when stratified by genotype, 3 SNPs within lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin, and apoE genes influenced, separately, fat mass changes in response to treatment (n = 101). Mainly, the LPL rs13702-CC genotype was associated with lower visceral fat (high-MUFA: -216.2 ± 58.6 g; low-MUFA: 17.2 ± 81.1 g; P = 0.017) and android fat mass (high-MUFA: -267.3 ± 76.4 g; low-MUFA: -21.7 ± 102.2 g; P = 0.037) following average consumption of the 2 high-MUFA diets. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in LPL, adiponectin, and apoE genes modulated body fat mass response to dietary MUFAs in an isocaloric diet in adults with abdominal obesity. These findings might eventually help in developing personalized dietary recommendations for weight control. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02029833?cond=NCT02029833&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S Hammad
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jyoti Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Maltais-Giguère
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kate J Bowen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danielle Perera
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Angela Wilson
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sandra Castillo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Address correspondence to PJHJ (E-mail: )
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6
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Wang AA, Harrison K, Musaad S, Donovan SM, Teran-Garcia M. Genetic risk scores demonstrate the cumulative association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gut microbiome-related genes with obesity phenotypes in preschool age children. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12530. [PMID: 30972961 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a nutrition-related disease with multiple underlying aetiologies. While genetic factors contribute to obesity, the gut microbiome is also implicated through fermentation of nondigestible polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which provide some energy to the host and are postulated to act as signalling molecules to affect expression of gut hormones. OBJECTIVE To study the cumulative association of causal, regulatory, and tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in SCFA recognition and metabolism with obesity. DESIGN Study participants were non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 270) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB, n = 113) children (2-5 years) from the Synergistic Theory and Research on Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) Kids 1 Study. SNP variables were assigned values according to the additive, dominant, or recessive inheritance models. Weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed by multiplying the reassigned values by independently generated β-coefficients or by summing the β-coefficients. Ethnicity-specific SNPs were selected for inclusion in GRS by cohort. RESULTS GRS were directly associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score. The models explained 3.75%, 12.9%, and 26.7% of the variance for NHW/NHB, NHW, and NHB (β = 0.89 [CI: 0.43-1.35], P = 0.0002; β = 0.78 [CI: 0.54-1.03], P < 0.0001; β = 0.74 [CI: 0.51-0.97], P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This analysis supports the cumulative association of several candidate genetic variants selected for their role in SCFA signalling, transport, and metabolism with early-onset obesity. These data strengthen the concept that microbiome influences obesity development through host genes interacting with SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kristen Harrison
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Salma Musaad
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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7
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Sarker G, Berrens R, von Arx J, Pelczar P, Reik W, Wolfrum C, Peleg-Raibstein D. Transgenerational transmission of hedonic behaviors and metabolic phenotypes induced by maternal overnutrition. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:195. [PMID: 30315171 PMCID: PMC6185972 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition has been associated with increased susceptibility to develop obesity and neurological disorders later in life. Most epidemiological as well as experimental studies have focused on the metabolic consequences across generations following an early developmental nutritional insult. Recently, it has been shown that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) affects third-generation female body mass via the paternal lineage. We showed here that the offspring born to HFD ancestors displayed addictive-like behaviors as well as obesity and insulin resistance up to the third generation in the absence of any further exposure to HFD. These findings, implicate that the male germ line is a major player in transferring phenotypic traits. These behavioral and physiological alterations were paralleled by reduced striatal dopamine levels and increased dopamine 2 receptor density. Interestingly, by the third generation a clear gender segregation emerged, where females showed addictive-like behaviors while male HFD offspring showed an obesogenic phenotype. However, methylome profiling of F1 and F2 sperm revealed no significant difference between the offspring groups, suggesting that the sperm methylome might not be the major carrier for the transmission of the phenotypes observed in our mouse model. Together, our study for the first time demonstrates that maternal HFD insult causes sustained alterations of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system suggestive of a predisposition to develop obesity and addictive-like behaviors across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitalee Sarker
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | - Judith von Arx
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolf Reik
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, CB223AT, UK
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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8
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Lecomte V, Maloney CA, Wang KW, Morris MJ. Effects of paternal obesity on growth and adiposity of male rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E117-E125. [PMID: 27965204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00262.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that paternal obesity plays an important role in offspring health. Our previous work using a rodent model of diet-induced paternal obesity showed that female offspring from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed fathers develop glucose intolerance due to impairment of pancreatic insulin secretion. Here, we focused on the health outcomes of male offspring from HFD-fed fathers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 wk old) were fed control (CD-F0) or HFD (HFD-F0) for 12 wk before mating with control-fed females. Male offspring were fed control diets for up to 8 wk or 6 mo. Although male offspring from HFD-F0 did not develop any obvious glucose metabolism defects in this study, surprisingly, a growth deficit phenotype was observed from birth to 6 mo of age. Male offspring from HFD-F0 had reduced birth weight compared with CD-F0, followed by reduced postweaning growth from 9 wk of age. This resulted in 10% reduction in body weight at 6 mo with significantly smaller fat pads and skeletal muscles. Reduced circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I were detected at 8 wk and 6 mo, respectively. Expression of adipogenesis markers was decreased in adipose tissue of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 wk and 6 mo, and expression of growth markers was decreased in muscle of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 wk. We propose that the reduced GH secretion at 8 wk of age altered the growth of male offspring from HFD-F0, resulting in smaller animals from 9 wk to 6 mo of age. Furthermore, increased muscle triglyceride content and expression of lipogenic genes were observed in HFD-F0 offspring, potentially increasing their metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher A Maloney
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy W Wang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Villamil-Ramírez H, León-Mimila P, Macias-Kauffer LR, Canizalez-Román A, Villalobos-Comparán M, León-Sicairos N, Vega-Badillo J, Sánchez-Muñoz F, López-Contreras B, Morán-Ramos S, Villarreal-Molina T, Zurita LC, Campos-Pérez F, Huertas-Vazquez A, Bojalil R, Romero-Hidalgo S, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Canizales-Quinteros S. A combined linkage and association strategy identifies a variant near the GSTP1 gene associated with BMI in the Mexican population. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:413-418. [PMID: 27881840 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern in Mexico and worldwide. Although the estimated heritability is high, common variants identified by genome-wide association studies explain only a small proportion of this heritability. A combination of linkage and association strategies could be a more robust and powerful approach to identify other obesity-susceptibility variants. We thus sought to identify novel genetic variants associated with obesity-related traits in the Mexican population by combining these methods. We performed a genome-wide linkage scan for body mass index (BMI) and other obesity-related phenotypes in 16 Mexican families using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines Program. Associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for associations in an independent cohort. Two suggestive BMI-linkage peaks (logarithm of odds ⩾1.5) were observed at chromosomal regions 11q13 and 13q22. Only rs614080 in the 11q13 region was significantly associated with BMI and related traits in these families. This association was also significant in an independent cohort of Mexican adults. Moreover, this variant was significantly associated with GSTP1 gene expression levels in adipose tissue. In conclusion, the rs614080 SNP near the GSTP1 gene was significantly associated with BMI and GSTP1 expression levels in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, México.,Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Luis R Macias-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Joel Vega-Badillo
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh), México City, México
| | - Blanca López-Contreras
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | | | - Luis C Zurita
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital General 'Dr Rubén Leñero', México City, México
| | - Francisco Campos-Pérez
- Clínica Integral de Cirugía para la Obesidad y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital General 'Dr Rubén Leñero', México City, México
| | | | - Rafael Bojalil
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh), México City, México.,Departmento de Atención a la salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, México City, México
| | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
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Kappil M, Wright RO, Sanders AP. Developmental Origins of Common Disease: Epigenetic Contributions to Obesity. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2016; 17:177-92. [PMID: 27216778 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal period is a window of susceptibility for later life disease. Recent epigenetic findings are beginning to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the programming of obesity. This review summarizes recent evidence that supports the role of epigenetically mediated early life programming in the later onset of obesity. Establishing such links between environmental exposures and modifiable molecular changes ultimately holds promise to inform interventional efforts toward alleviating the environmentally mediated onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kappil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
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12
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Marcovecchio ML, Florio R, Verginelli F, De Lellis L, Capelli C, Verzilli D, Chiarelli F, Mohn A, Cama A. Low AMY1 Gene Copy Number Is Associated with Increased Body Mass Index in Prepubertal Boys. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154961. [PMID: 27149670 PMCID: PMC4858278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Body Mass Index (BMI). Additional genetic variants, such as copy number variations (CNV), have also been investigated in relation to BMI. Recently, the highly polymorphic CNV in the salivary amylase (AMY1) gene, encoding an enzyme implicated in the first step of starch digestion, has been associated with obesity in adults and children. We assessed the potential association between AMY1 copy number and a wide range of BMI in a population of Italian school-children. Methods 744 children (354 boys, 390 girls, mean age (±SD): 8.4±1.4years) underwent anthropometric assessments (height, weight) and collection of saliva samples for DNA extraction. AMY1 copies were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Results A significant increase of BMI z-score by decreasing AMY1 copy number was observed in boys (β: -0.117, p = 0.033), but not in girls. Similarly, waist circumference (β: -0.155, p = 0.003, adjusted for age) was negatively influenced by AMY1 copy number in boys. Boys with 8 or more AMY1 copy numbers presented a significant lower BMI z-score (p = 0.04) and waist circumference (p = 0.01) when compared to boys with less than 8 copy numbers. Conclusions In this pediatric-only, population-based study, a lower AMY1 copy number emerged to be associated with increased BMI in boys. These data confirm previous findings from adult studies and support a potential role of a higher copy number of the salivary AMY1 gene in protecting from excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre of Excellence on Aging, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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