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Wang G, Hu X, Ye N, Xu X, Guo W, Sun L, Dong H, Zhao X, Cheng H. Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics of Malignancy Patients with Membranous Nephropathy and Literature Review. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:677-689. [PMID: 38919875 PMCID: PMC11198026 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s465211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, the incidence of malignancy patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) has gradually increased, but the clinical and pathological characteristics of these patients are still unclear. Our study aims at elucidating the clinical and pathological characteristics of malignancy patients with MN, especially the expression patterns of MN-specific antigens in both kidney and tumor tissue. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to summarize the clinical and pathological data of MN patients with malignancy at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, followed by a thorough review of relevant literature published between May 1, 2000 to May 1, 2023 and case aggregation. Results 19 patients in our center's MN cohort and 21 patients from literature review were diagnosed with malignancy either before or after being diagnosed with MN. Among them, 16 (40.0%) and 17 (42.5%) patients tested PLA2R-only and THSD7A-only positive in renal tissue, respectively. And 16 of 26 patients showed similar staining in tumor and kidney tissues. Compared to the idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients at our center, patients with malignancy were older, had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and had a lower rate of partial or complete response to treatment. Renal tissue from MN patients with concomitant malignancy was less frequently PLA2R-positive, more frequently THSD7A-positive, and more often glomerular IgG subclass IgG2 (P = 0.033) but less frequently IgG4 (P < 0.001). Conclusion The clinical and pathological characteristics of MN patients with concomitant malignancy are different from those of IMN patients. Active screening for malignancy should be performed in non-PLA2R-positive elderly MN patients with a poor therapeutic response. Staining for MN target antigens in kidney and tumor tissues may be inconsistent, and the role of MN target antigens needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Neimenggu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Suetsugu R, Sakuma H, Maruyama K, Matsuki M, Ogawa Y, Nakagawa N. Successful treatment of coexisting membranous nephropathy and immune thrombocytopenia by eradicating gastric Helicobacter pylori infection: a case report. CEN Case Rep 2024; 13:98-103. [PMID: 37421572 PMCID: PMC10982251 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-023-00805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in middle-aged and older adults. MN etiology is mainly primary or idiopathic; however, it may also be secondary to infections, drugs, neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases. We present the case of a 52-year-old Japanese man with coexisting nephrotic MN and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Renal biopsy revealed glomerular basement membrane thickening with immunoglobulin (Ig) G and complement component 3 deposition. Glomerular IgG subclass analysis revealed predominant IgG4 deposition with weak IgG1 and IgG2 deposition. IgG3 and phospholipase A2 receptor deposits were negative. Upper endoscopy revealed no ulcers, but histological examination demonstrated Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa with elevated IgG antibodies. After gastric Helicobacter pylori eradication, the nephrotic-range proteinuria and thrombocytopenia of the patient were markedly improved without initiation of immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, clinicians should consider the possibility of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with coexisting MN and ITP. Further studies are required to demonstrate the associated pathophysiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Suetsugu
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakuma
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Matsuki
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ogawa
- Hokkaido Renal Pathology Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
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Zhang X, Khurana A, Hirani S, Kidd J, Paul A. Paraneoplastic Glomerulonephropathy Associated With Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Descriptive Analysis of Published Reports. Cureus 2023; 15:e36928. [PMID: 37131574 PMCID: PMC10148753 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathy (PGN) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that is associated with a variety of malignancies. Patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) often develop paraneoplastic syndromes including PGN. To date, objective diagnostic criteria of PGN are not defined. As a result, the true occurrences are unknown. Many RCC patients develop renal insufficiency in the course of their disease, and diagnosis of PGN in this population is challenging and often delayed, which may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we provide a descriptive analysis of the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of 35 published patient cases of PGN associated with RCCs over the past four decades in PubMed-indexed journals. Most patients with PGN were male (77%), over 60 years of age (60%), and diagnosed with PGN prior to or concurrent with their diagnosis of RCC (20% prior, 71% concurrent). Membranous nephropathy (34%) was the most common pathologic subtype. Among the patients with localized RCCs, 16 (67%) of 24 patients had improvement in PGN compared to 4 (36%) of 11 patients with metastatic RCCs. All 24 patients with localized RCCs underwent nephrectomy, but patients who were treated with nephrectomy with immunosuppression (7/9, 78%) had a better outcome than patients who were treated with nephrectomy alone (9/15, 60%). Among the patients with metastatic RCCs, patients who were treated with systemic therapy along with immunosuppression (4/5, 80%) had a better outcome than those who were treated with systemic therapy, nephrectomy, or immunosuppression alone (1/6, 17%). Our analysis demonstrates the importance of cancer-specific therapy; nephrectomy in localized disease and systemic therapy in metastatic disease, along with immunosuppression, was the effective management of PGN. Immunosuppression alone is not adequate in most patients. This is distinct from other glomerulonephropathy and warrants further study.
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Claudio P. Primary membranous nephropathy: an endless story. J Nephrol 2023; 36:563-574. [PMID: 36251213 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an autoimmune disease caused by the attack of autoantibodies against podocyte antigens leading to the in situ production of immune complexes. However, the etiology is unknown and the pathogenesis is still far from being completely elucidated. MN is prevalently idiopathic or primary, but in about 20-30% of cases it is secondary to chronic infections, systemic diseases, exposure to drugs, or malignancy. The differentiation between primary and secondary MN may be difficult, particularly when MN precedes signs and symptoms of the original disease, as in some cases of cancer or systemic lupus erythematosus. The natural course of PMN is variable, but in the long term 40-60% of patients with nephrotic syndrome progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or die from thrombotic or cardiovascular events. PMN is a treatable disease. Patients with asymptomatic proteinuria should receive supportive care. Immunosuppressive treatments should be given to patients with nephrotic syndrome or risk of progression. The most frequently adopted treatments rely on cyclical therapy alternating steroids with a cytotoxic agent every other month, i.e., rituximab at different doses, or calcineurin inhibitors plus low-dose steroids. A good rate of response may be obtained but relapses can occur. Randomized controlled trials, with adequate size, long-term follow-up, and fair definition of endpoints are needed to identify treatment with the best therapeutic index.
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Ratanasrimetha P, Reddy VD, Kala J, Tchakarov A, Glass WF, Msaouel P, Lin JS. Case Report: Successful treatment of late-onset immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated membranous nephropathy in a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898811. [PMID: 35967405 PMCID: PMC9366044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated nephritis can be challenging since it is a rare complication of therapy, associated with a spectrum of immune-mediated pathologies, and can present months after ICI therapy discontinuation (i.e., late-onset). ICIs are increasingly administered in combination with other cancer therapies with associated nephrotoxicity, further obfuscating the diagnosis of ICI-associated nephritis. In this report, we describe the first suspected case of late-onset ICI-associated membranous nephropathy (MN) in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had discontinued ICI therapy 6 months prior to presentation. Prompt recognition of the suspected late-onset immune-related adverse event (irAE) resulted in the successful treatment of MN and continuation of RCC therapy. Case presentation A 57-year-old man with metastatic clear cell RCC was responsive to third-line RCC therapy with lenvatinib (oral TKI) and everolimus (oral mTOR inhibitor) when he presented with nephrotic range proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI). His kidney biopsy revealed probable secondary MN with subendothelial and mesangial immune complex deposits and negative staining for both phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A). While a diagnosis of paraneoplastic MN could not be excluded, the patient was responding to cancer therapy and had tumor regression. However, 6 months prior to presentation, the patient had received pembrolizumab, an ICI, with his first-line RCC treatment. Due to concern that the patient may be presenting with late-onset ICI-associated MN, he was effectively treated with rituximab, which allowed for his continued RCC therapy. Conclusion This report highlights the first case of suspected late-onset ICI-associated MN and the increasing complexity of recognizing renal irAEs. With the growing indications for the use of ICIs in combination with other cancer therapies, recognizing the various presentations of ICI-immune nephritis can help guide patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Ratanasrimetha
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vikas D. Reddy
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Kala
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Tchakarov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William F. Glass
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jamie S. Lin
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jamie S. Lin,
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