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Current analytical methods to monitor type 2 diabetes medication in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Forms by HPLC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061187. [PMID: 35745760 PMCID: PMC9229060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current studies entail quality by design (QbD)-enabled development of a simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of metformin hydrochloride (M-HCl). Design of experiments (DoE) was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of the HPLC method. Risk assessment was performed to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs) using Ishikawa diagram. The factor screening studies were performed using a two-factor three-levels design. Two independent factors, buffer pH and mobile phase composition, were used to design mathematical models. Central composite design (CCD) was used to study the response surface methodology and to study in depth the effects of these independent factors, thus evaluating the critical analytical attributes (CAAs), namely, retention time, peak area, and symmetry factor as the parameters of method robustness. Desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize the CAAs. The optimized and predicted data from contour diagram consisted of 0.02 M acetate buffer pH = 3/methanol in a ratio of 70/30 (v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate 1 mL/min. The separation was made on a Thermoscientific ODS HypersylTM chromatographic column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with oven temperature 35 °C and UV detection at 235 nm. The optimized assay conditions were validated according to ICH guidelines. Hence, the results clearly showed that QbD approach could be successfully applied to optimize HPLC method for estimation of M-HCl. The method was applied both for the evaluation of M-HCl content in tablets, and for in vitro dissolution studies of M-HCl from conventional and prolonged-release tablets.
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Attimarad M, Nair AB, Sreeharsha N, Al-Dhubiab BE, Venugopala KN, Shinu P. Development and Validation of Green UV Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination Metformin and Remogliflozin from Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E448. [PMID: 33429964 PMCID: PMC7827813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent trend in green analytical chemistry is the development of green analytical methods using environmentally friendly solvents. Therefore, three ecofriendly manipulated UV spectroscopic techniques have been validated for the concurrent quantification of newly approved remogliflozin etabonate (REM) and metformin HCl (MET) tablets using water as a solvent. The first method was established using first derivative absorption spectroscopic method by determining the peak amplitude at 233.0 nm for REM and 252.2 nm for MET, a zero crossing of one the component. The second and third methods were based on the peak amplitude difference and first-order derivative absorption of the ratio spectra developed by the manipulation of scanned UV spectra. REM and MET showed good linearity in the series of 1-20 µg ml-1 and 2.5-35 µg ml-1, respectively, by all three methods with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.998). Further, the proposed UV spectroscopic techniques were validated as per International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The methods showed good sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Anticipated procedures were effectively utilized for the concurrent quantification of REM and MET in laboratory prepared mixtures and tablets. The high percent recovery with low standard deviation found for both analytes by all three methods confirms the accuracy and precision of the procedures. Finally, the greenness of the proposed spectroscopic methods, evaluated by semi-quantitative and quantitative methods, showed the eco-friendly nature of the methods. Furthermore, the proposed approaches were simple, accurate, sensitive, economic, and environmentally friendly and hence can be utilized for regular quality control of REM and MET formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (B.E.A.-D.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Development and Validation of Rapid RP-HPLC and Green Second-Derivative UV Spectroscopic Methods for Simultaneous Quantification of Metformin and Remogliflozin in Formulation Using Experimental Design. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new formulation containing metformin HCl (MFH) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) has been approved for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, only one analytical method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of both the analytes. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop simple UV derivative spectroscopic and rapid RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of MFH and RGE. The chromatographic separation of MFH and RGE was performed using a monolithic C18 column with an optimized chromatographic conditions carried out by full factorial Box–Behnken design model. The spectroscopic technique was based on the determination of peak amplitude of second-order derivative UV spectra at zero crossings. Further, both the methods were validated and compared statistically using Student’s-t-test and F-test, and employed for the concurrent estimation of MFH and RGE in laboratory mixed solutions and formulations. Perturbation plots and response surface models showed the effect of chromatographic parameters and the final chromatographic condition was selected from 47 solutions suggested by the desirability function. Further, UV spectroscopic and HPLC procedures showed good linearity in the range of 1–24 µg/mL and 2–150 µg/mL for RGE and 2–30 µg/mL and 5–200 µg/mL for MFH, respectively. The average percent assay was found to be 99.51% and 99.80% for MFH and 99.60% and 100.07% for RGE by spectroscopic and HPLC methods, respectively. The proposed methods were simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. Therefore, they can be used for regular quality control of MFH and RGE formulations and dissolution studies as well.
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Nair AB, Gandhi D, Patel SS, Morsy MA, Gorain B, Attimarad M, Shah JN. Development of HPLC Method for Quantification of Sinigrin from Raphanus sativus Roots and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214947. [PMID: 33114598 PMCID: PMC7663242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinigrin, a precursor of allyl isothiocyanate, present in the Raphanus sativus exhibits diverse biological activities, and has an immense role against cancer proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the sinigrin in the R. sativus roots using developed and validated RP-HPLC method and further evaluated its’ anticancer activity. To achieve the objective, the roots of R. sativus were lyophilized to obtain a stable powder, which were extracted and passed through an ion-exchange column to obtain sinigrin-rich fraction. The RP-HPLC method using C18 analytical column was used for chromatographic separation and quantification of sinigrin in the prepared fraction, which was attained using the mobile phase consisting of 20 mM tetrabutylammonium: acetonitrile (80:20%, v/v at pH 7.0) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The chromatographic peak for sinigrin was showed at 3.592 min for pure sinigrin, where a good linearity was achieved within the concentration range of 50 to 800 µg/mL (R2 > 0.99), with an excellent accuracy (−1.37% and −1.29%) and precision (1.43% and 0.94%), for intra and inter-day, respectively. Finally, the MTT assay was performed for the sinigrin-rich fraction using three different human cancer cell lines, viz. prostate cancer (DU-145), colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), and melanoma (A-375). The cell-based assays were extended to conduct apoptotic and caspase-3 activities, to determine the mechanism of action of sinigrin in the treatment of cancer. MTT assay showed IC50 values of 15.88, 21.42, and 24.58 µg/mL for DU-145, HCT-15, and A-375 cell lines, respectively. Increased cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression were observed with sinigrin-rich fraction, indicating significant increase in overexpression of caspase-3 in DU-145 cells. In conclusion, a simple, sensitive, fast, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of sinigrin in the prepared fraction. The data observed here indicate that sinigrin can be beneficial in treating prostate cancer possibly by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-536-219-868
| | - Dipal Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jigar N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
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Satyavert, Gupta S, Nair AB, Attimarad M. Development and validation of bioanalytical method for the determination of hydrazinocurcumin in rat plasma and organs by HPLC-UV. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122310. [PMID: 32835908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazinocurcumin is a semi-synthetic analogue of curcumin with superior anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities. In the present work a simple and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantitative evaluation of hydrazinocurcumin in plasma and various organs of rats including liver, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs and spleen was developed. Hydrazinocurcumin was separated using octadecylsilane (Inertsil-ODS-3V) column in an isocratic mode using mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile- water (36:27:37 v/v) with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Ultra violet (UV) detection of hydrazinocurcumin and internal standard was carried out in dual-wavelength mode at 332 nm and 380 nm, respectively. The linearity of hydrazinocurcumin was found in the range 0.05-5 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of r2 > 0.999. The developed bioanalytical method shown higher inter-day accuracy (98.04-105.94%) and precision (0.89-10.24). The average recoveries of hydrazinocurcumin from rat plasma and various organs were in the range of 96-101.75% and 92.25-99.0%, respectively. The bioanalytical samples shows good stability of hydrazinocurcumin at different storage and handling conditions. In conclusion, this validated HPLC-UV method could be applied effectively for evaluation of hydazinocurcumin for the pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyavert
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Synthesis of sandwich-structured magnetic graphene-Zn-MOFs composites for quantitative determination of acarbose in rat plasma. Talanta 2019; 209:120514. [PMID: 31892045 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sandwich-structured magnetic graphene composites with Zn metal-organic framework layer coated on both two sides (denoted as magG@Zn-MOFs) were synthesized. The composites have large specific surface of 114 m2 g⁻1, uniform porous structure and rapid magnetic separation within 10 s. The magG@Zn-MOFs composites were used for extraction of acarbose in plasma prior to its quantitative analysis by LC-MS/MS. The established method has good linearity (10-1000 ng mL-1), satisfactory recovery (94.3-107.5%), low detection limit (as low as 2.5 ng mL-1), good intra-day precision (RSD 3.5-5.3%) and inter-day precision (RSD 6.3-8.1%). Finally, the method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of acarbose in rats.
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8
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Attimarad M, Nagaraja SH, Nair AB, Aldhubaib BE, Katharigatta VN. Development of validated RP HPLC method with fluorescence detection for simultaneous quantification of sacubitril and valsartan from rat plasma. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1436070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sree Harsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Essa Aldhubaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease which prevalence has been progressively increasing worldwide, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from the combination of inappropriate insulin secretion and/or resistance to insulin action. If left uncontrolled, diabetes is associated with complications such as dysfunction and failure of various organs, and even premature death. Along with lifestyle-modification strategies, several classes of oral antidiabetic agents can be employed for glycemic control. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs is essential to maintain appropriate treatment. This review discusses the most frequently employed analytical techniques and sample preparation systems to obtain a reliable and trustworthy method to quantify antidiabetic drugs in biological matrices. An adequate choice of internal standard, ideal chromatography conditions and most suitable analytical detector are reported.
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Hussain I, Ali I, Rahman H, Ghani SS. Novel contribution of chromatography in the development and analyses of metformin hydrochloride in biological and environmental samples. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1334216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sauban Ghani
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
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Amézqueta S, Ramos-Romero S, Martínez-Guimet C, Moreno A, Hereu M, Torres JL. Fate of d-Fagomine after Oral Administration to Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4414-4420. [PMID: 28489364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
d-Fagomine is an iminosugar found in buckwheat that is capable of inhibiting the adhesion of potentially pathogenic bacteria to epithelial mucosa and reducing the postprandial blood glucose concentration. This paper evaluates the excretion and metabolism of orally administered d-fagomine in rats and compares outcomes with the fate of 1-deoxynojirimycin. d-Fagomine and 1-deoxynojirimycin show similar absorption and excretion kinetics. d-Fagomine is partly absorbed (41-84%, dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight) and excreted in urine within 8 h, while the non-absorbed fraction is cleared in feces within 24 h. d-Fagomine is partially methylated (about 10% in urine and 3% in feces). The concentration of d-fagomine in urine from 1 to 6 h after administration is higher than 10 mg/L, the concentration that inhibits adhesion of Escherichia coli. Orally administered d-fagomine is partially absorbed and then rapidly excreted in urine, where it reaches a concentration that may be protective against urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Amézqueta
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Guimet
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Moreno
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Hereu
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Fachi MM, Leonart LP, Cerqueira LB, Pontes FLD, de Campos ML, Pontarolo R. A systematic and critical review on bioanalytical method validation using the example of simultaneous quantitation of antidiabetic agents in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Micellar liquid chromatographic determination of metformin hydrochloride using fluorimetric detection after pre-column derivatization: application to pharmacokinetic parameters in immediate and sustained release formulations. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 32:452-459. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fachi MM, Cerqueira LB, Leonart LP, de Francisco TMG, Pontarolo R. Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiabetic Agents in Human Plasma by a UPLC-QToF-MS Method. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167107. [PMID: 27930700 PMCID: PMC5145167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, metformin, nateglinide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and vildagliptin in human plasma was developed and validated, using isoniazid and sulfaquinoxaline as internal standards. Following plasma protein precipitation using acetonitrile with 1% formic acid, chromatographic separation was performed on a cyano column using gradient elution with water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was performed in a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer, using electrospray ionization operated in the positive mode. Data from validation studies demonstrated that the new method is highly sensitive, selective, precise (RSD < 10%), accurate (RE < 12%), linear (r > 0.99), free of matrix and has no residual effects. The developed method was successfully applied to volunteers' plasma samples. Hence, this method was demonstrated to be appropriate for clinical monitoring of antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
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Shah PA, Shah JV, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. LC-MS/MS analysis of metformin, saxagliptin and 5-hydroxy saxagliptin in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic study with a fixed-dose formulation in healthy Indian subjects. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27508356 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A specific and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAXA) and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxy saxagliptin (5-OH SAXA) in human plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished from 50 μL plasma sample by solid-phase extraction using sodium dodecyl sulfate as an ion-pair reagent. Reversed-phase chromatographic resolution of analytes was possible within 3.5 min on ACE 5CN (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using acetonitrile and10.0 mm ammonium formate buffer, pH 5.0 (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was performed using electrospray ionization in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9992) over the established concentration range with limit of quantification of 1.50, 0.10 and 0.20 ng/mL for MET, SAXA and 5-OH SAXA respectively. The extraction recoveries obtained from spiked plasma samples were highly consistent for MET (75.12-77.84%), SAXA (85.90-87.84%) and 5-OH SAXA (80.32-82.69%) across quality controls. The validated method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study with a fixed-dose formulation consisting of 5 mg SAXA and 500 mg MET in 18 healthy subjects. The reproducibility of the assay was demonstrated by reanalysis of 87 incurred samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jaivik V Shah
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St Xavier's College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Amézqueta S, Torres J. Advances in the analysis of iminocyclitols: Methods, sources and bioavailability. Talanta 2016; 151:157-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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