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Franco ME, Schönenberger R, Hollender J, Schirmer K. Organ-specific biotransformation in salmonids: Insight into intrinsic enzyme activity and biotransformation of three micropollutants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171769. [PMID: 38499104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems continue to be threatened by chemical pollution. To what extent organisms are able to cope with chemical exposure depends on their ability to display mechanisms of defense across different organs. Among these mechanisms, biotransformation processes represent key physiological responses that facilitate detoxification and reduce the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Biotransformation does not only depend on the ability of different organs to display biotransformation enzymes but also on the affinity of chemicals towards these enzymes. In the present study, we explored the ability of different organs and of two freshwater fish to support biotransformation processes through the determination of in vitro phase I and II biotransformation enzyme activity, and their role in supporting intrinsic clearance and the formation of biotransformation products. Three environmentally relevant pollutants were evaluated: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene (as recommended by the OECD 319b test guideline), the fungicide azoxystrobin, and the pharmaceutical propranolol. Comparative studies using S9 sub-cellular fractions derived from the liver, intestine, gills, and brain of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) revealed significant phase I and II enzyme activity in all organs. However, organ- and species-specific differences were found. In brown trout, significant extrahepatic biotransformation was observed for pyrene but not for azoxystrobin and propranolol. In rainbow trout, the brain appeared to biotransform azoxystrobin. In this same species, propranolol appeared to be biotransformed by the intestine and gills. Biotransformation products could be detected only from hepatic biotransformation, and their profiles and formation rates displayed species-specific patterns and occurred at different magnitudes. Altogether, our findings further contribute to the current understanding of organ-specific biotransformation capacity, beyond the expression and activity of enzymes, and its dependence on specific enzyme-chemical interactions to support mechanisms of defense against exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Sfriso AA, Juhmani AS, Tomio Y, Sfriso A, Rizzolio F, Adeel M, Wahsha M, Munari C, Mistri M. Microplastic accumulation and ecological impacts on benthic invertebrates: Insights from a microcosm experiment. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116231. [PMID: 38554685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a global concern, especially for benthic invertebrates. This one-month study investigated the accumulation of small MP polymers (polypropylene and polyester resin, 3-500 μm, 250 μg L-1) in benthic invertebrates and on one alga species. Results revealed species-specific preferences for MP size and type, driven by ingestion, adhesion, or avoidance behaviours. Polyester resin accumulated in Mytilus galloprovincialis, Chamelea gallina, Hexaplex trunculus, and Paranemonia cinerea, while polypropylene accumulated on Ulva rigida. Over time, MP accumulation decreased in count but not size, averaging 6.2 ± 5.0 particles per individual after a month. MP were mainly found inside of the organisms, especially in the gut, gills, and gonads and externally adherent MP ranged from 11 to 35 % of the total. Biochemical energy assessments after two weeks of MP exposure indicated energy gains for water column species but energy loss for sediment-associated species, highlighting the susceptibility of infaunal benthic communities to MP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Abdul-Salam Juhmani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Yari Tomio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Adriano Sfriso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Muhammed Adeel
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Mohammad Wahsha
- Marine Science Station, The University of Jordan, Aqaba Branch, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Vogel AD, Suk R, Haran C, Dickinson PG, Helke KL, Hassid M, Fitzgerald DC, Turek JW, Brockbank KGM, Rajab TK. The impact of heart valve and partial heart transplant models on the development of banking methods for tissues and organs: A concise review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104880. [PMID: 38437898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreserved human heart valves fill a crucial role in the treatment for congenital cardiac anomalies, since the use of alternative mechanical and xenogeneic tissue valves have historically been limited in babies. Heart valve models have been used since 1998 to better understand the impact of cryopreservation variables on the heart valve tissue components with the ultimate goals of improving cryopreserved tissue outcomes and potentially extrapolating results with tissues to organs. Cryopreservation traditionally relies on conventional freezing, employing cryoprotective agents, and slow cooling to sub-zero centigrade temperatures; but it is plagued by the formation of ice crystals and cell damage upon thawing. Researchers have identified ice-free vitrification procedures and developed a new rapid warming method termed nanowarming. Nanowarming is an emerging method that utilizes targeted application of energy at the nanoscale level to rapidly rewarm vitrified tissues, such as heart valves, uniformly for transplantation. Vitrification and nanowarming methods hold great promise for surgery, enabling the storage and transplantation of tissues for various applications, including tissue repair and replacement. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize complex tissue and organ transplantation, including partial heart transplantation. Banking these grafts addresses organ scarcity by extending preservation duration while preserving biological activity with maintenance of structural fidelity. While ice-free vitrification and nanowarming show remarkable potential, they are still in early development. Further interdisciplinary research must be dedicated to exploring the remaining challenges that include scalability, optimizing cryoprotectant solutions, and ensuring long-term viability upon rewarming in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vogel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Suk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Christa Haran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Patrick G Dickinson
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Marc Hassid
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Kelvin G M Brockbank
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University at Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taufiek Konrad Rajab
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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4
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Belmonte A, Muñoz P, Romero D. Lead and cadmium in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L., 1758). Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115993. [PMID: 38217913 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna were analysed to gather information regarding their distribution, accumulation and inter-relationships, as well as to examine how sex affects them. In the whole population, the concentration range was from below the detection limit (bone) to 8.512 μg g-1 (liver) for Cd, and from below detection limit (bone and gills) to 0.063 μg g-1 (kidney) for Pb. The median concentration in the muscles (0.008 and 0.029 μg g-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively) was 10 times less than the maximum permitted for consumption. Sex was shown to be an important variable affecting concentrations of Cd in both liver and kidneys, so taking into account sex when interpreting results is highly recommended. The importance of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation in fishery by-products, increasingly important in commercial circuits, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Belmonte
- TAXON Estudios Ambientales S.L., C/Uruguay s/n, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Diego Romero
- Toxicology Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Shan D, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Shu Y, Linghu X, Wang B. Adverse effects of exposure to fine particles and ultrafine particles in the environment on different organs of organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:449-473. [PMID: 37778818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Particulate pollution is a global risk factor that seriously threatens human health. Fine particles (FPs) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) have small particle diameters and large specific surface areas, which can easily adsorb metals, microorganisms and other pollutants. FPs and UFPs can enter the human body in multiple ways and can be easily and quickly absorbed by the cells, tissues and organs. In the body, the particles can induce oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis, furthermore causing great adverse effects. Epidemiological studies mainly take the population as the research object to study the distribution of diseases and health conditions in a specific population and to focus on the identification of influencing factors. However, the mechanism by which a substance harms the health of organisms is mainly demonstrated through toxicological studies. Combining epidemiological studies with toxicological studies will provide a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the impact of PM on the health of organisms. In this review, the sources, compositions, and morphologies of FPs and UFPs are briefly introduced in the first part. The effects and action mechanisms of exposure to FPs and UFPs on the heart, lungs, brain, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, joints and reproductive system are systematically summarized. In addition, challenges are further pointed out at the end of the paper. This work provides useful theoretical guidance and a strong experimental foundation for investigating and preventing the adverse effects of FPs and UFPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Medical, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Linghu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baiqi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin 300070, China.
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6
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Zhang Q, Qiu C, Jiang W, Feng P, Xue X, Bukhari I, Mi Y, Zheng P. The impact of dioctyl phthalate exposure on multiple organ systems and gut microbiota in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22677. [PMID: 38107267 PMCID: PMC10724677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioctyl phthalate, commonly known as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is a widely used plasticizer in various industries and has been shown to directly or indirectly impact human health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies evaluating the potential health risks associated with DEHP accumulation in different organs across various age groups. This study aimed to assess the effects of low (50 mg/kg·bw) and high (500 mg/kg·bw) doses of DEHP on five different organs in mice at young (4-week-old) and aged (76-week-old) life stages. Our findings revealed that both low and high doses of DEHP exposure led to significant dose-dependent inflammation in the liver, spleen, and kidney. Furthermore, regardless of age, DEHP exposure resulted in elevated activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver, as well as increased levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea in the kidney. Moreover, analysis of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that DEHP exposure disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, characterized by an increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio and Muribaculum, and a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus. This study provides compelling evidence that DEHP at different concentrations can induce damage to multiple organs and disrupt gut microbiota composition. These findings lay the groundwork for further investigations into DEHP toxicity in various human organs, contributing to a better understanding of the potential health risks associated with DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Chunjing Qiu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenya Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Chakraborty S, Banerjee S. Understanding crosstalk of organ tropism, tumor microenvironment and noncoding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9601-9623. [PMID: 37792172 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the major clinical challenges worldwide due to limited existing effective treatments. Metastasis roots from the host organ of origin and gradually migrates to different regional and distant organs. In different breast cancer subtypes, different organs like bones, liver, lungs and brain are targeted by the metastatic tumor cells. Cancer renders mortality to their respective metastasizing sites like bones, brain, liver, and lungs. Metastatic breast cancers are best treated and managed if detected at an early stage. Metastasis is regulated by various molecular activators and suppressors. The conventional theory of 'seed and soil' states that metastatic tumor cells move to tumor microenvironment that has favorable conditions like blood flow for them to grow just like seeds grows when planted in fertile land. Additionally, different coding as well as non-coding RNAs play a very significant role in the process of metastasis by modulating their expression levels leading to a crosstalk of various tumorigenic cascades. Treatments for metastasis is also very critical in controlling this lethal process. Detecting breast cancer metastasis at an early stage is crucial for managing and predicting metastatic progression. In this review, we have compiled several factors that can be targeted to manage the onset and gradual stages of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Marginson H, MacMillan GA, Grant E, Gérin-Lajoie J, Amyot M. Rare earth element bioaccumulation and cerium anomalies in biota from the Eastern Canadian subarctic (Nunavik). Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163024. [PMID: 36965735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in the demand for rare earth elements (REE) have contributed to various countries' interest in exploration of their REE deposits, including within Canada. Current limited knowledge of REE distribution in undisturbed subarctic environments and their bioaccumulation within northern species is addressed through a collaborative community-based environmental monitoring program in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). This study provides background REE values (lanthanides + yttrium) and investigates REE anomalies (i.e., deviations from standard pattern) across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems in an area where a REE mining project is in development. Results are characteristic of a biodilution of REE, with the highest mean total REE concentrations (ΣREE) reported in sediments (102 nmol/g) and low trophic level organisms (i.e., biofilm, macroalgae, macroinvertebrates, common mussels, and reindeer lichens; 101-102 nmol/g), and the lowest mean concentrations in higher-level consumers (i.e., goose, ptarmigan, char, whitefish, cod, sculpin and seal; 10-2 - 101 nmol/g). The animal tissues are of importance to northern villages and analyses demonstrate a species-specific bioaccumulation of REE, with mean concentrations up to 40 times greater in liver compared to muscle, with bones and kidneys presenting intermediate concentrations and the lowest in blubber. Further, a tissue-specific fractionation was presented, with significant light REE (LREE) enrichment compared to heavy REE (HREE) in consumer livers (LREE/HREE ≅ 101) and the most pronounced negative cerium (Ce) anomalies (<0.80) in liver and bones of fish species. These fractionation patterns, along with novel negative relationships presented between fish size (length, mass) and Ce anomalies suggest metabolic, ecological, and/or environmental influences on REE bioaccumulation and distribution within biota. Background concentration data will be useful in the establishment of REE guidelines; and the trends discussed support the use of Ce anomalies as biomarkers for REE processing in animal species, which requires further investigation to better understand their controlling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Marginson
- GRIL, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des Sciences, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Gwyneth A MacMillan
- GRIL, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des Sciences, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Eliane Grant
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada
| | - José Gérin-Lajoie
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- GRIL, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des Sciences, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Sutton-Butler A, Croucher K, Garner P, Bielby-Clarke K, Farrow M. In jars: The integration of historical anatomical and pathological potted specimens in undergraduate education. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152066. [PMID: 36773792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Across the UK, many anatomy departments possess historical potted wet cadaveric specimen collections, such as organs preserved in fluid-filled jars. Although considered obsolete by some for anatomical education, there is immense potential for their utilisation in teaching, particularly in institutes that have limited access to cadavers or have had body donation rates impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Another benefit of historical potted cadaveric specimens is that severe pathology, often not seen today, can be observed by the student. MATERIAL AND METHODS The aim of this study was to understand students' opinions and attitudes towards the use of historical anatomical and pathological potted wet specimen collections in undergraduate science teaching. Following their integration into the anatomy program of a Clinical Sciences degree, seventy-seven undergraduate students completed a five-point Likert questionnaire on their perspective for the integration of the historical potted specimens in anatomical education. This study was approved by the Research Ethics committee at the University of Bradford RESULTS: The study demonstrated that 90 % of students found the collection useful in teaching, 92 % would like to see the collection used more in teaching, and 76 % of students found that the collection encouraged them to consider medical ethics and the donor. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the survey findings suggest that further utilisation of historical potted wet specimen collections would be useful in the teaching of anatomy and that these collections could potentially encourage conversations on post-mortem bodily integrity, ethics, and organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Sutton-Butler
- University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Croucher
- University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Garner
- University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Keren Bielby-Clarke
- University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Farrow
- University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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10
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Çelik S, Beton D, Çiçek BA, Snape RTE, Başkale E. Metal accumulation in juvenile and sub-adult loggerhead and green turtles in northern Cyprus. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120482. [PMID: 36279995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are considered pollution bioindicators due to their tendency to accumulate high metal levels in their tissues during their long lifespans. In this context, we aimed to analyse the concentrations of 12 elements in liver, kidney, heart and muscle samples from green turtles (Chelonia mydas; n = 41) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta; n = 14) found stranded in Northern Cyprus. The samples were collected between 2019 and 2021, stored in sterile Eppendorf tubes at -20 °C until metal analysis, and analysed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. With this study, we contribute to the limited number of studies on metal accumulation in heart tissue and present the first data for Mg accumulation in the heart, liver, muscle and kidney tissues of both species. We found that metal accumulation levels differed among the two study species' tissues, with some elements in the same tissue (AlKidney, AsHeart, AsLiver, FeMuscle, FeKidney, FeHeart, MnHeart, PbHeart, ZnMuscle and ZnKidney) significantly differing between species. The observed variation likely resulted from their different feeding habits, which cause them to be exposed to different levels of metals. We also found significant associations among elements within tissues, as well as between the same element across different tissues in both species, which may indicate the differential accumulation of elements among organs due to physiological processes in turtle metabolism, bioaccumulation or excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sude Çelik
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Damla Beton
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Cyprus
| | - Burak Ali Çiçek
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 99628, Famagusta, north Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Underwater Research and Imaging Center (URIC), 99628, Famagusta, north Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Robin T E Snape
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Cyprus; Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Eyup Başkale
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey.
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11
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Bellouard M, de la GrandMaison GL, Cappy J, Grimaldi L, Lontsi-Djeagou A, Alvarez JC. Trace elements repartition in body fluids, hair and organs in an autopsied population evaluated by ICP-MS high resolution. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103978. [PMID: 36155229 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals and trace elements (TE) is universal and can cause toxicity in case of excessive exposure. We evaluated the concentrations and tissue distribution of 39 TE using high-resolution ICP-MS after total mineralization by microwave in twenty autopsied French subjects. We found a globally homogeneous distribution of TE in the body, with some accumulations in agents, involved in respiratory pathologies and classified as carcinogens, in the lungs. The liver, an organ of metabolism, appeared to concentrate Co, Fe, La, Mn, Mo, Pb and Zn. Fe seemed to accumulate in the spleen, the organ of hematopoiesis. The kidney showed high concentrations of some TE, which can cause nephrotoxicity. The use of microwave mineralization and high-resolution ICP-MS allowed accurate quantification and a very high sensitivity, without spectral interferences. The results obtained in this study could be used to support the interpretation of post-mortem metal concentrations in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bellouard
- Toxicology laboratory, Raymond Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; MasSpecLab Platform, UMR1173, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Julien Cappy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Lamiae Grimaldi
- Paris Ouest Research Clinic Unit, Ambroise Paré hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Albine Lontsi-Djeagou
- Paris Ouest Research Clinic Unit, Ambroise Paré hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Toxicology laboratory, Raymond Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; MasSpecLab Platform, UMR1173, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
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12
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Poolprasert P, Senarat S, Kettratad J, Kaneko G, Mongkolchaichana E, Charoenphon N, Thaochan N. Comprehensive Structure of the Female Marine Water-Strider Asclepios annandalei Distant, 1915 from Pranburi River Estuary, Thailand: New Information for the Genus Asclepios. Trop Life Sci Res 2022; 33:47-60. [PMID: 36545052 PMCID: PMC9747108 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2022.33.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the structure and histochemistry of the systemic organs in the female marine water-strider Asclepios annandalei from Pranburi river estuary, Thailand. Results from this study revealed for the first time that the integumentary system of this species consisted of three layers including epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle. The muscular system apparently contained only skeletal muscle along the body. In the urinary system, we observed well-developed Malpighian tubules, each of which was covered with the simple cuboidal epitheliums. These epitheliums also contained the secretory granules that were reacted positively with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). The digestive system of this species was composed of three distinct parts including foregut, midgut and hindgut. The respiratory system was composed of the respiratory organ, which was rarely found near the integument system. This organ was lined with a simple squamous epithelium. Two regions of nervous system, i.e., frontal ganglion connected to the eye structure and ventral nerve cord, were found. Each ganglion basically consisted of two layers, outer cortex and inner medullae. The outer cortex contained three types of cells, including neurosecretory cells, neuroglial cells and neurons. The cytoplasmic inclusion of neurosecretory cells contained secretory granules, which reacted positively with PAS, indicating the presence the glycoprotein. The neuroglia and neuron were also observed in the inner medullae layer. The female reproductive system (the ovarian structure, the reproductive tract and the accessory organ) of this gerrid species was seen under histological sections. The well-developed integument system and Malpighian tubule as well as the abundant respiratory organ is a characteristic of this species, which might be useful for the adaption to the estuarine condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisit Poolprasert
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Sinlapachai Senarat
- Department of Marine Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang Campus, Sikao, Trang 92150, Thailand,Corresponding author:
| | - Jes Kettratad
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Gen Kaneko
- College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, Texas 77901, USA
| | - Ezra Mongkolchaichana
- Department of General Education, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300 Thailand
| | - Natthawut Charoenphon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Narit Thaochan
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division (Pest Management), Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110 Thailand
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13
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Yin J, Li JY, Craig NJ, Su L. Microplastic pollution in wild populations of decapod crustaceans: A review. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132985. [PMID: 34801569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing amount of plastic production and waste disposal, the presence of microplastics has been confirmed in all compartments of ecosystems. The microplastics in biota is of particular concern due to the potential eco-risks associated with long term exposure and the potential for transportation along food webs. Decapoda represents a diverse taxonomic group within the subphylum Crustacea, and some of which are highly valued in fishery and biological production. The interaction between microplastic pollution and wild populations of decapod crustaceans have been documented less than fish or bivalves but are critical to understand the fates of microplastics in marine eco-systems and enrich the baselines for consumption analyses. Our review systematically summarizes the occurrence, abundance and characteristics of microplastics detected in edible and non-edible sections of decapod crustaceans from field observations. Sub-groups between crabs and shrimps were also included for comparison. The occurrence of microplastics in the edible sections were less than those in non-edible sections, and there are differences between crabs and shrimps. Fibrous microplastics and items with a size category less than 1 mm were dominant pollutants across all available literature. The methodology selection, biological features and uptake pathways play roles in the microplastic body burden in Decapoda. Our work enriches the understanding of microplastic pollution in wild populations of decapod crustaceans but their contribution to the human exposure to microplastics needs to be addressed with more accurate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200142, China.
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14
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Kasza K, Gurnani P, Hardie KR, Cámara M, Alexander C. Challenges and solutions in polymer drug delivery for bacterial biofilm treatment: A tissue-by-tissue account. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113973. [PMID: 34530014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To tackle the emerging antibiotic resistance crisis, novel antimicrobial approaches are urgently needed. Bacterial communities (biofilms) are a particular concern in this context. Biofilms are responsible for most human infections and are inherently less susceptible to antibiotic treatments. Biofilms have been linked with several challenging chronic diseases, including implant-associated osteomyelitis and chronic wounds. The specific local environments present in the infected tissues further contribute to the rise in antibiotic resistance by limiting the efficacy of systemic antibiotic therapies and reducing drug concentrations at the infection site, which can lead to reoccurring infections. To overcome the shortcomings of systemic drug delivery, encapsulation within polymeric carriers has been shown to enhance antimicrobial efficacy, permeation and retention at the infection site. In this Review, we present an overview of current strategies for antimicrobial encapsulation within polymeric carriers, comparing challenges and solutions on a tissue-by-tissue basis. We compare challenges and proposed drug delivery solutions from the perspective of the local environments for biofilms found in oral, wound, gastric, urinary tract, bone, pulmonary, vaginal, ocular and middle/inner ear tissues. We will also discuss future challenges and barriers to clinical translation for these therapeutics. The following Review demonstrates there is a significant imbalance between the research focus being placed on different tissue types, with some targets (oral and wound biofims) being extensively more studied than others (vaginal and otitis media biofilms and endocarditis). Furthermore, the importance of the local tissue environment when selecting target therapies is demonstrated, with some materials being optimal choices for certain sites of bacterial infection, while having limited applicability in others.
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15
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Oikarinen S, Krogvold L, Edwin B, Buanes T, Korsgren O, Laiho JE, Oikarinen M, Ludvigsson J, Skog O, Anagandula M, Frisk G, Hyöty H, Dahl-Jørgensen K. Characterisation of enterovirus RNA detected in the pancreas and other specimens of live patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in the DiViD study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2491-2501. [PMID: 34390364 PMCID: PMC8494699 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study is the first study to laparoscopically collect pancreatic tissue and purified pancreatic islets together with duodenal mucosa, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and stools from six live adult patients (age 24-35 years) with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The presence of enterovirus (EV) in the pancreatic islets of these patients has previously been reported. METHODS In the present study we used reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and sequencing to characterise EV genomes present in different tissues to understand the nature of infection in these individuals. RESULTS All six patients were found to be EV-positive by RT-qPCR in at least one of the tested sample types. Four patients were EV-positive in purified islet culture medium, three in PBMCs, one in duodenal biopsy and two in stool, while serum was EV-negative in all individuals. Sequencing the 5' untranslated region of these EVs suggested that all but one belonged to enterovirus B species. One patient was EV-positive in all these sample types except for serum. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus strain present in the isolated islets of this patient was different from the strain found in other sample types. None of the islet-resident viruses could be isolated using EV-permissive cell lines. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION EV RNA can be frequently detected in various tissues of patients with type 1 diabetes. At least in some patients, the EV strain in the pancreatic islets may represent a slowly replicating persisting virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Intervention Centre, Department of HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Buanes
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jutta E Laiho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maarit Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oskar Skog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahesh Anagandula
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gun Frisk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Wang S, Huyan T, Zhou L, Xue Y, Guo W, Yin D, Shang P. Effect of High Static Magnetic Field (2 T-12 T) Exposure on the Mineral Element Content in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3416-3422. [PMID: 33411150 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Relative stability of mineral elements in tissues is necessary for health. High static magnetic fields (HiSMFs) have been widely used in biomedical research and industry. However, the bioeffect of HiSMFs on animals is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of HiSMF exposure on the levels of Mg, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Cu in the main organs of mice. The 8-week male C57BL/6 mice were treated by 2-4 T, 6-8 T, 10-12 T HiSMFs for 28 days. The mass fractions of Mg, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Cu in the liver, brain, kidney, and heart in mice were respectively measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and used to evaluate mineral element content in tissues. The 2-4 T HiSMF exposure has increased the Mg, Fe, and Ca content in the kidney, as well as the Zn content in the brain. The 6-8 T HiSMF exposure has increased the Zn level in the liver; Mg, Fe, and Ca levels in the kidney; and Fe level in the heart, while the Zn in the kidney, and Zn and Ca in the heart was decreased by 6-8 T HiSMF exposure. For the 10-12 T HiSMF exposure, the Mg in the kidney, the Fe in the liver and kidney, and Cu in the brain have been increased significantly. However, the Zn in the kidney and the Ca in the brain and the heart were reduced by 10-12 T HiSMF exposure. The HiSMF exposure for 28 days can alter the Mg, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Cu content in mice, and change with the different magnetic flux density of HiSMFs (2-4 T, 6-8 T, 10-12 T), elements, and organ types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghang Wang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Huyan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dachuan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Léopold P. Sizes, proportions and environment. C R Biol 2021; 344:165-175. [PMID: 34213854 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The sizes of living organisms range over twenty orders of magnitude. Within the same species, the size of individuals also varies according to the environmental conditions to which they are subjected. From the studies conducted on organisms as diverse as the drosophila, the salamander or the mouse, laws and conserved mechanisms emerge that shed light on the fundamental aspects of growth, but also on more medical issues such as tissue regeneration, metabolic homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Léopold
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
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18
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Mittal S. Ensemble of transfer learnt classifiers for recognition of cardiovascular tissues from histological images. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:655-665. [PMID: 34014495 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of tissues and organs is a recurrent step performed by experts during analyses of histological images. With advancement in the field of machine learning, such steps can be automated using computer vision methods. This paper presents an ensemble-based approach for improved classification of non-pathological tissues and organs in histological images using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With limited dataset size, we relied upon transfer learning where pre-trained CNNs are re-used for new classification problems. The transfer learning was done using eleven CNN architectures upon 6000 image patches constituting training and validation subsets of a public dataset containing six cardiovascular categories. The CNN models were fine-tuned upon a much larger dataset obtained by augmenting training subset to obtain agreeable performance on validation subset. Lastly, we created various ensembles of trained classifiers and evaluate them on testing subset of 7500 patches. The best ensemble classifier gives, precision, recall, and accuracy of 0.876, 0.869 and 0.869, respectively upon test images. With an overall F1-score of 0.870, our ensemble-based approach outperforms previous approaches with single fine-tuned CNN, CNN trained from scratch, and traditional machine learning by 0.019, 0.064 and 0.183, respectively. Ensemble approach can perform better than individual classifier-based ones, provided the constituent classifiers are chosen wisely. The empirical choice of classifiers reinforces the intuition that models which are newer and outperformed in their native domain are more likely to outperform in transferred-domain, since the best ensemble dominantly consists of more lately proposed and better architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Mittal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technologies and Research, Delhi, India.
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19
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Heshka S, Lemos T, Astbury NM, Widen E, Davidson L, Goodpaster BH, DeLany JP, Strain GW, Pomp A, Courcoulas AP, Lin S, Janumala I, Yu W, Kang P, Thornton JC, Gallagher D. Resting Energy Expenditure and Organ-Tissue Body Composition 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:587-94. [PMID: 31617114 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss may reduce resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat-free mass (FFM) disproportionately thereby predisposing patients to weight regain and sarcopenia. METHODS We compared REE and body composition of African-American and Caucasian Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients after surgery with a group of non-operated controls (CON). REE by indirect calorimetry; skeletal muscle (SM), trunk organs, and brain volumes by MRI; and FFM by DXA were measured at post-surgery visits and compared with CON (N = 84) using linear regression models that adjusted for relevant covariates. Ns in RYGB were 50, 42, and 30 for anthropometry and 39, 27, 17 for MRI body composition at years 1, 2, and 5 after surgery, respectively. RESULTS Regression models adjusted for age, weight, height, ethnicity, and sex showed REE differences (RYGB minus CON; mean ± s.e.): year 1 (43.2 ± 34 kcal/day, p = 0.20); year 2 (- 27.9 ± 37.3 kcal/day, p = 0.46); year 5 (114.6 ± 42.3 kcal/day, p = 0.008). Analysis of FFM components showed that RYGB had greater trunk organ mass (~ 0.4 kg) and less SM (~ 1.34 kg) than CON at each visit. REE models adjusted for FFM, SM, trunk organs, and brain mass showed no between-group differences in REE (- 15.9 ± 54.8 kcal/day, p = 0.8; - 46.9 ± 64.9 kcal/day, p = 0.47; 47.7 ± 83.0 kcal/day, p = 0.57, at years 1, 2, and 5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Post bariatric surgery patients maintain a larger mass of high-metabolic rate trunk organs than non-operated controls of similar anthropometrics. Interpreting REE changes after weight loss requires an accurate understanding of fat-free mass composition at both the organ and tissue levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Long-term Effects of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) NCT00465829.
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20
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Reistad NA, Norris SB, Rumbold DG. Mercury in neonatal and juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus). Part I: exposure assessment. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:187-197. [PMID: 33415661 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are exposed to mercury (Hg) through a variety of pathways in the environment. This study assessed maternal offloading and diet-based Hg exposure for neonatal and juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) from Charlotte Harbor located along southwest Florida's coast, a recognized Hg hotspot. Neonates (n = 57) had highest total Hg (THg) concentrations in the kidney (0.56 ± 0.26 mg kg-1; n = 38) and muscle (0.53 ± 0.17 mg kg-1; n = 57), followed by liver (0.31 ± 0.11 mg kg-1; n = 38), and blood (0.05 ± 0.033 mg kg-1; n = 57). Juveniles (n = 13) exhibited a different distribution with highest THg in the liver (0.868 ± 0.54 mg kg-1; n = 6), followed by the muscle (0.84 ± 0.28 mg kg-1; n = 13), kidney (0.55 ± 0.22 mg kg-1; n = 6), and blood (0.11 ± 0.04 mg kg-1; n = 11). The distribution of THg among tissues and liver-to-muscle ratios indicated that Hg originated primarily from maternal offloading in neonates, whereas juveniles continued to accumulate Hg through dietary exposure post-parturition. Additionally, comparisons between results of the present study and previous Florida blacktip shark surveys suggested that Hg levels have not declined in southwest Florida estuaries for over two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Reistad
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South., Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
| | - Sarah B Norris
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South., Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - Darren G Rumbold
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South., Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
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21
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Sani A, Abdullahi I, Ibrahim S. Histopathological changes associated with exposure to metal welding fumes in some organs of Rattus norvegicus in Kano, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:422-428. [PMID: 33680865 PMCID: PMC7930506 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Welding fumes has been known to cause release of reactive oxygen species which stands to be cytotoxic. The study aims to assess the histopathological changes of some organs associated with exposure to welding fumes in experimental animals. The metal fumes were obtained from sites of welding. A total of 130 male albino rats were engaged and divided into a 13 groups. Out of which 12 were given respective doses calculated to be equivalent to worker's real life exposure times and 1 as control. The doses were intratracheally administered weekly following anesthetization for a period of 12 weeks. The laboratory rats were then sacrificed and target organs were examined. Histopathological examination reveals normal feature for brain tissues in all treated animals. However, there was lymphocyte hyperplasia and necrosis in heart, kidney, liver and lungs tissues which at lower doses were slight and became moderate at higher doses. In addition, there were'nt pathological changes in tissues of the control animals. Thus, exposure to metal welding fumes has caused damages that have translated into lesions and several pathologies in kidney, lungs, liver and heart tissues of the test animals. Regulation and control should be imposed on exposure to welding fumes by metal workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sani
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - I.L. Abdullahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria
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Ding Z, Fang Q, Daraz U, Sun Q. Physiological responses and metal distributions of different organs of Phragmites australis shoots under acid mine drainage stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:3375-3385. [PMID: 32918262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phragmites australis, which is widely distributed throughout the world, is often used in the phytoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) due to its various mechanisms for survival under extremely harsh conditions. To explore the different responses of different aerial organs of P. australis to stress, soil and plant samples were collected from the AMD-polluted area of the Tongling mining area. The contents of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the soil and the leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and stems of P. australis as well as the contents/activities of cysteine synthase (CSase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (Pro) in the organs were determined. Our results revealed that the leaf sheath had the highest potential to store metals of all the organs. The highest translocation factor (TF) for Fe was observed from the stems to the leaf sheaths. A higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Mn was found in the leaf blades and leaf sheaths, while higher BCFs for Cd and Zn were observed in the stems. The content/activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic stress-resistance substances varied from organ to organ. In general, the leaf sheaths remained almost as or slightly less stress-resistant than the leaf blades. It can be concluded that different plant organs play different roles in stress resistance, and understanding the tolerance mechanism of leaf sheaths to metals is essential for the application of phytoremediation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
- Mining environmental restoration and wetland ecological security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Fang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
- Mining environmental restoration and wetland ecological security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Umar Daraz
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
- Mining environmental restoration and wetland ecological security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China.
- Mining environmental restoration and wetland ecological security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China.
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Tran TT, Nazir S, Yegoraw AA, Assen AM, Walkden-Brown SW, Gerber PF. Detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in tissues and blood fractions from experimentally infected chickens using PCR and immunostaining analyses. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:64-68. [PMID: 33310555 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) to replicate in organs outside of the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva associated-lymphoid tissues is still not well understood. This study investigated the tissue distribution of an Australian field strain of ILTV (class 9) on birds experimentally inoculated via eye-drop at 7 days of age by using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Tissues including conjunctiva, caecal tonsil, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, thymus, trachea and blood were collected from sham-inoculated (control group; n = 2) and ILTV-inoculated (n = 8) birds at 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood was collected from 13 infected birds at 14 dpi and fractionated using ficoll-paque. At 7 dpi, the highest detection rate and genomic copies (GC) were in conjunctiva (8/8; 8.08 ± 0.48 log10 GC/mg) followed by trachea (8/8; 4.64 ± 0.48) and thymus (8/8; 4.52 ± 0.48), kidney (8/8; 3.97 ± 0.48), lung (8/8; 3.65 ± 0.48), spleen (8/8; 3.55 ± 0.48), liver (8/8; 3.51 ± 0.48), caecal tonsil (7/8; 3.76 ± 0.48) and plasma (4/8; 2.40 ± 0.48 log10 GC/ml). ILTV antigen was only detected in conjunctiva (7/8), trachea (6/8) and lung (4/8) samples. At 14 dpi, ILTV detection rate and genomic copies in buffy coat cells were 12/13 and 2.86 ± 0.39 log10 GC/mg, respectively while those of plasma were 11/13 and 4.29 ± 0.39 log10 GC/ml and red blood cell were 3/13 and 0.36 ± 0.39 log10 GC/mg. In conclusion, ILTV DNA was detected in a wide range of tissues and blood fractions but ILTV antigen was only detected in respiratory organs and conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh T Tran
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shahid Nazir
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Addisu A Yegoraw
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Awol M Assen
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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Montelli NLLL, Alvarenga TIRC, Almeida AK, Alvarenga FAP, Furusho-Garcia IF, Greenwood PL, Pereira IG. Associations of feed efficiency with circulating IGF-1 and leptin, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108379. [PMID: 33261987 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed efficiency classifications on live animal measurements, circulating IGF-1 and leptin concentrations, and carcass, non-carcass and meat quality traits of lambs. One-hundred and two lambs approximately 70 days-old with initial live weight of 24.6 ± 3.71 kg (mean ± SD) were individually fed for 56 days to determine residual feed intake (RFI) and residual feed intake and gain (RIG). Lambs were then classified as phenotypically Low-, Medium- or High-RFI and Low-, Medium- or High-RIG phenotypes. Circulating leptin and IGF-1 concentrations were higher in more efficient lambs (Low-RFI or High-RIG). Variation in RFI and RIG did not affect meat redness or tenderness, but High-RIG lambs had darker meat. These findings show that the phenotypically more efficient Low-RFI and High-RIG lambs produced carcasses with similar characteristics and meat quality as the less efficient High-RFI and Low-RIG lambs but have a strategic advantage of lower feed intake to achieve similar production outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L L L Montelli
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Veterinary School, Animal Science Department, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T I R C Alvarenga
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - A K Almeida
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - F A P Alvarenga
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - I F Furusho-Garcia
- Federal University of Lavras, Animal Science Department, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - P L Greenwood
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - I G Pereira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Veterinary School, Animal Science Department, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Baigazinov ZА, Lukashenko SN, Panitsky АV, Kadyrova NZ, Karatayev SS, Mamyrbayeva АS, Baigazy SА, Bazarbaeva АМ, Kabdyrakova AB, Kunduzbaeva АE, Kenzhina LB, Zhadyranova AA, Hegedus M, Kovacs T. The transfer of 239+240Pu, 241Am, 137Cs and 90Sr to the tissues of horses. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106322. [PMID: 32565415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Horses are important food sources in several countries however, data on their radionuclide uptake is less available than for many other farm animals. Information on the transfer of artificial radioisotopes from the environment to the food supply is necessary for internal dose assessment and assuring the safety of the population relying on this food source. This study provides data for a less studied farm animal and, in the case of 241Am and 239+240Pu, relatively poorly studied radionuclides with respect to transfer to animal products. The transfer parameters for 239+240Pu, 241Am, 137Cs and 90Sr to the organs of 1-year old fillies, 10-year old mares and through the placental barrier into foetuses were quantified after 60-days feeding with contaminated soil or diet contaminated by a leachate solution. The transfer of radionuclides from ingested soil to tissues was generally lower, by up to three orders of magnitude, than from a diet contaminated by a leachate solution. The ingestion of soil is a particularly important source of radionuclide intake to grazing animals in the Semipalatinsk Test Site. For 241Am there is a lack of available data, the two singular entries for mutton and beef in the IAEA handbook are higher than all values observed in the current study. The maximum observed transfer factor for 241Am was 72 ± 22*10-5 d kg-1 FW in the liver of the mare fed with leachate contaminated feed. For 239+240Pu the maximum transfer factor was 31.8 ± 8*10-5 d kg-1 FW observed also in the liver of the mare fed with leachate contaminated feed. The filly fed with leachate contaminated feed had the highest transfer parameter value for 137Cs, 35.3*10-3 d kg-1 FW. The highest 90Sr transfer factor was found in the ribs of the filly fed leachate contaminated feed, 720 ± 144 *10-3 d kg-1 FW. The results presented in this paper can be used to improve the current internal dose estimates from the ingestion of horse meat produced in the area, however they are based on a low sample size; future studies need to use a larger number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh А Baigazinov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan; University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.
| | - S N Lukashenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russian Federation
| | - А V Panitsky
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - N Zh Kadyrova
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - S S Karatayev
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - А S Mamyrbayeva
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - S А Baigazy
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - А М Bazarbaeva
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - A B Kabdyrakova
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - А E Kunduzbaeva
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - L B Kenzhina
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - A A Zhadyranova
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - M Hegedus
- University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - T Kovacs
- University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.
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26
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Satyavert, Gupta S, Nair AB, Attimarad M. Development and validation of bioanalytical method for the determination of hydrazinocurcumin in rat plasma and organs by HPLC-UV. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122310. [PMID: 32835908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazinocurcumin is a semi-synthetic analogue of curcumin with superior anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities. In the present work a simple and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantitative evaluation of hydrazinocurcumin in plasma and various organs of rats including liver, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs and spleen was developed. Hydrazinocurcumin was separated using octadecylsilane (Inertsil-ODS-3V) column in an isocratic mode using mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile- water (36:27:37 v/v) with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Ultra violet (UV) detection of hydrazinocurcumin and internal standard was carried out in dual-wavelength mode at 332 nm and 380 nm, respectively. The linearity of hydrazinocurcumin was found in the range 0.05-5 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of r2 > 0.999. The developed bioanalytical method shown higher inter-day accuracy (98.04-105.94%) and precision (0.89-10.24). The average recoveries of hydrazinocurcumin from rat plasma and various organs were in the range of 96-101.75% and 92.25-99.0%, respectively. The bioanalytical samples shows good stability of hydrazinocurcumin at different storage and handling conditions. In conclusion, this validated HPLC-UV method could be applied effectively for evaluation of hydazinocurcumin for the pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyavert
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang FH, Liu Y, Dong XB, Hao H, Fan KL, Meng XQ, Kong L. Shenmai Injection Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 to Confer Protection Against Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Surg Res 2020; 256:295-302. [PMID: 32712444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the mechanism of Shenmai injection (SMI) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling. METHODS A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (220-260 g) were grouped into the following four categories (n = 10): SAP + SMI + Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), SAP + SMI, SAP, and sham surgery groups. ZnPP is a specific inhibitor of HO-1. Four percent of sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) was retrogradely injected via the pancreatic duct to induce the SAP model. The SAP group rats received 1.6 mL/kg saline by intravenous injection 30 min after the induction of SAP. The SAP + SMI group rats received 1.6 mL/kg SMI by intravenous injection 30 min after the induction of SAP. The SAP + SMI + ZnPP group rats received an intravenous injection of 1.6 mL/kg SMI and intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg ZnPP 30 min after the SAP induction. Twenty-four hours after the SAP induction, blood samples were collected for the measurement of amylase, lipase, creatinine, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and HO-1 level, while tissue specimens were harvested for the determination of HO-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 mRNA level. Meanwhile, histopathological changes in organs (pancreas, lung, and kidney) were stored. RESULTS The serum concentration of amylase, lipase, creatinine, and myeloperoxidase was higher in the SAP group than in the SAP + SMI group. Treatment with SMI increased HO-1 and IL-10 level and reduced TNF-α level in serum and tissues compared to the SAP group (P < 0.05). Treatment with SMI abolished the organ-damaging effects of SAP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, suppression of HO-1 expression by ZnPP canceled the aforementioned effects. CONCLUSIONS SMI confers protection against the SAP-induced systemic inflammatory response and multiple organs damage via HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Dong
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Hao
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai-Liang Fan
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Qing Meng
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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28
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Li Z, Zheng S, Liu Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang Y, Xu D. Characterization of glucosinolates in 80 broccoli genotypes and different organs using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS method. Food Chem 2020; 334:127519. [PMID: 32721832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize and quantify glucosinolate compounds and contents in broccoli, and a total of 80 genotypes and eight developmental organs were analyzed with UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. The method was validated in terms of performance, and the coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.97 and 0.99 for glucoraphanin and gluconapin, respectively. In 80 genotypes, twelve glucosinolates were found in broccoli florets ranging from 0.467 to 57.156 µmol/g DW, with the highest glucosinolate content being approximately 122-fold higher than the lowest value. The principal component of glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and glucoraphanin explained 60.53% of the total variance. There were positive correlations among hydroxyglucobrassicin, methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, glucoerucin, gluconasturtiin, glucoraphanin, and glucotropaeolin (P < 0.05). The root contained 43% of total glucosinolates in 80 genotypes, and glucoraphanin represented 29% of the total glucosinolate content in different organs. The mutant broccoli genotypes were found by analysis of gluconapin contents in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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29
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Stella C, Mantia M, Favaro L, Biancani B, Gridelli S, Da Rugna C, Abete MC. Differential Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements in the Muscle, Kidneys, and Liver of the Invasive Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois spp.) from Cuba. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:262-271. [PMID: 31741203 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific lionfish is a saltwater fish that inhabits the Red Sea waters and the Indian and Pacific oceans; it is an invasive species in the western Atlantic and was recently introduced into the local diet in the USA, Central and South America, and the Caribbean with the aim of controlling the invasion of this species. Due to its predatory nature, it tends to bioaccumulate metals and other contaminants via the marine food web and could thus constitute a suitable species for monitoring aquatic ecosystems. The presence and distribution of 23 trace elements and 16 rare earth elements (REEs) were investigated by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the muscle, liver, and kidneys of lionfish from Cuba. Significant differences in metal concentrations were found in the different fish organs. The liver and kidneys registered the highest concentrations for most trace elements and for ΣREE, thus demonstrating that they are effective bioindicators of possible pollution on the environment in which fish live, and assuming great importance in the choice of early biomonitoring. Trace element concentrations in the muscle are instead of crucial interest for consumer safety. The limits set by EU regulations and Cuban guidelines for Cd and Pb in fish muscle were never exceeded, suggesting that lionfish from Cuba could therefore represent a good source of minerals and proteins for the local population. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Chemistry Department, Environmental Contaminants Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- Chemistry Department, Environmental Contaminants Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Stella
- Chemistry Department, Environmental Contaminants Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Martino Mantia
- Chemistry Department, Environmental Contaminants Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Favaro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Chemistry Department, Environmental Contaminants Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
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30
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Abderrahmani K, Boulahdid M, Bendou N, Aissani A. Seasonal distribution of cadmium, lead, nickel, and magnesium in several tissues of mussels from the Algerian coasts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:22547-22567. [PMID: 32319062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, and Mn) in different organs of two marine mussel species, Perna perna collected from Figuier site and Mytilus galloprovincialis sampled from Sercouf and Algiers port sites of the Algerian coast. Thirty individuals (>5 cm length) were seasonally sampled over a 1-year period from each site, and condition index (CI) and gonado somatic index (GSI) of mussels were calculated. The gill, digestive gland, rest of soft tissues, and gonad were accurately isolated and heavy metal contents were analyzed by ICP-MS. Heavy metal results, expressed on μg/g dry weight, ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 Cd, 0.1 to 17.15 Pb, 0.36 to 25.7 Ni, and 3.68 to 74.76 Mn. Thus, typical distribution of studied metals in various organs of mussels was found. In fact, the digestive gland followed by gill revealed significantly high metal concentrations. However, gonad showed low heavy metal contents. Different patterns of heavy metal distribution in various organs of mussels were found at the three sampling sites. High levels of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Mn were detected in mussels of Sercouf, Algiers port, and Figuier sites, respectively. According to the Algerian and European norms, mussels collected from all sites were healthy except those of Algiers port sampled in autumn and winter seasons where lead contamination was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abderrahmani
- Laboratoire des Écosystèmes Marins et Littoraux (ECOSYSMarL), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ENSSMAL), BP19, Campus Universitaire de Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Alger, Algeria.
- Centre National de Recherche et de Développement de la Pêche et d'Aquaculture (CNRDPA), 11 Bd Colonel Amirouche, PO Box 67, 42415, Bou-Ismaïl, Tipaza, Algeria.
| | - Mostefa Boulahdid
- Laboratoire des Écosystèmes Marins et Littoraux (ECOSYSMarL), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ENSSMAL), BP19, Campus Universitaire de Dely Ibrahim, Bois des Cars, 16320, Alger, Algeria
| | - Naima Bendou
- Division Technologies et Développement (ex CRD) of SONATRACH, Avenue 1er novembre 1954, 35000, Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Amel Aissani
- Division Technologies et Développement (ex CRD) of SONATRACH, Avenue 1er novembre 1954, 35000, Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algeria
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Noakes MJ, Karasov WH, McKechnie AE. Seasonal variation in body composition in an Afrotropical passerine bird: increases in pectoral muscle mass are, unexpectedly, associated with lower thermogenic capacity. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:371-380. [PMID: 32189062 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility in avian metabolic rates and body composition have been well-studied in high-latitude species, which typically increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit metabolism (Msum) when acclimatized to winter conditions. Patterns of seasonal metabolic acclimatization are more variable in lower-latitude birds that experience milder winters, with fewer studies investigating adjustments in avian organ and muscle masses in the context of metabolic flexibility in these regions. We quantified seasonal variation (summer vs winter) in the masses of organs and muscles frequently associated with changes in BMR (gizzard, intestines and liver) and Msum (heart and pectoral muscles), in white-browed sparrow-weavers (Plocepasser mahali). We also measured pectoral muscle thickness using a portable ultrasound system to determine whether we could non-lethally estimate muscle size. A concurrent study measured seasonal changes in BMR and Msum in the same population of sparrow-weavers, but different individuals. There was no seasonal variation in the dry masses of the gizzard, intestines or liver of sparrow-weavers, and during the same period, BMR did not vary seasonally. We found significantly higher heart (~ 18% higher) and pectoral muscle (~ 9% higher) dry mass during winter, although ultrasound measurements did not detect seasonal changes in pectoral muscle size. Despite winter increases in pectoral muscle mass, Msum was ~ 26% lower in winter compared to summer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an increase in avian pectoral muscle mass but a concomitant decrease in thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Noakes
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - William H Karasov
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Abstract
There is a well-known worldwide shortage of deceased human donor organs for clinical transplantation. The transplantation of organs from genetically engineered pigs may prove an alternative solution. In the past 5 years, there have been sequential advances that have significantly increased pig graft survival in nonhuman primates. This progress has been associated with (1) the availability of increasingly sophisticated genetically engineered pigs; (2) the introduction of novel immunosuppressive agents, particularly those that block the second T-cell signal (costimulation blockade); (3) a better understanding of the inflammatory response to pig xenografts; and (4) increasing experience in the management of nonhuman primates with pig organ or cell grafts. The range of investigations required in experimental studies has increased. The standard immunologic assays are still carried out, but increasingly investigations aimed toward other pathobiologic barriers (e.g., coagulation dysregulation and inflammation) have become more important in determining injury to the graft.Now that prolonged graft survival, extending to months or even years, is increasingly being obtained, the function of the grafts can be more reliably assessed. If the source pigs are bred and housed under biosecure isolation conditions, and weaned early from the sow, most microorganisms can be eradicated from the herd. The potential risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection remains unknown, but is probably small. Attention is being directed toward the selection of patients for the first clinical trials of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Mshelbwala FM, Ibrahim NDG, Saidu SN, Babatunde EG, Kadiri AKF, Thomas FC, Kwanashie CN, Agbaje M. Quantitative distribution and interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells in visceral organs of chickens infected orally, intraperitoneally and per cloaca. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03180. [PMID: 31956710 PMCID: PMC6956758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical study of the visceral organs of chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Zega by three routes was carried out to compare the quantitative distribution and interaction of the organism with host cells. 100 birds comprising of 2 week-old chickens were divided into 4 groups of 25 each. Group A was inoculated orally, group B intraperitoneally, group C were administered per cloaca and D were not inoculated and served as control. All the infected birds were inoculated with 0.2 ml of 1 × 108 cfu of the bacteria. Two birds from each group were sacrificed every 24 h post infection. Samples of visceral organs were collected for immunohistochemistry. The distribution of Salmonella Zega in every organ was taken as Mean ± SD of the number of foci of immunoreactions and Compared using a 2-way ANOVA. The interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells was determined by taking the percentage of the days post infection in which immunoreactions were detected in host cells in each route of infection. The distribution of the organism was highest in the lung of intraperitoneally infected chickens (83.95 ± 27.89) and lowest in the heart (5.21 ± 3.65) of chickens that were infected per cloaca. The highest percentage of interaction of Salmonella Zega was recorded in the epithelial (100%) and blood (100%) cells in all the routes of infection. There were variations in the distribution of Salmonella Zega in visceral organs of chickens but the level of interactions with host cells were similar even when infected through different routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Funmilola Clara Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Clara Nna Kwanashie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Michael Agbaje
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Moussa H, Kindomihou V, Houehanou TD, Soumana I, Souleymane O, Chaibou M. Inter and intra cultural variations of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) uses in Niger (West Africa). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2019; 15:37. [PMID: 31409403 PMCID: PMC6693199 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ethnobotanical study was conducted in the eight regions of Niger to identify local knowledge variation of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) uses. In fact, the level of individual knowledge can be affected by many factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, religious and cultural beliefs, etc. This study documented indigenous knowledge of millet uses in Niger and aimed specifically to (i) identify the different types of millet organ uses and (ii) assess the variation of local knowledge of millet uses along with ethnicity, occupation, and age. METHODS The data were collected in 32 major millet-producing villages in Niger through individual semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. About 508 individuals from 5 ethnic groups were interviewed. The assessment of the knowledge was performed by calculating five ethnobotanical indices such as the number of reported uses by parts of the plant (RU), the use-value of the parts of the plant (PPV), the specific use-value (SU), the intraspecific use-value (IUV), and the relative frequency of citations (FRC). Data were analyzed using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS The results indicated a significant variation in uses across ethnic groups (H = 38.14, P = 0.000) and socio-occupational categories (H = 6.80, P = 0.033). The Hausa, Kanuri, and Zarma-Sonhrai ethnic groups, farmers were the largest users of the species. Dietary (51.40%) and forage (40.35%) were the most reported uses. The most commonly used parts of the plant were the stubble (74.92%) and grains (73.68%). CONCLUSIONS The study showed the importance of P. glaucum in the daily life of local people. It also confirmed the uneven distribution of indigenous knowledge of millet uses in Niger due to social factors. Now, the challenge is how to incorporate these social differences in knowledge of millet uses in view to sustainable management and conservation of local genetic resources of millet. Finally, this work could be an important decision-making tool for future millet valuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamadou Moussa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, BP 429, Niamey, Niger
| | - Valentin Kindomihou
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée, Facultés des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thierry D. Houehanou
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie Végétale, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 125, Parakou, Benin
| | - Idrissa Soumana
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, BP 429, Niamey, Niger
| | - Oumarou Souleymane
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, BP 429, Niamey, Niger
| | - Mahamadou Chaibou
- Département des Productions Animales, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, BP 10 960, Niamey, Niger
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Cáceres-Saez I, Haro D, Blank O, Aguayo-Lobo A, Dougnac C, Arredondo C, Cappozzo HL, Ribeiro Guevara S. Stranded false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Southern South America reveal potentially dangerous silver concentrations. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:325-333. [PMID: 31590794 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is a non-essential metal known to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. We determined Ag concentrations in five false killer whales stranded in South America. Silver concentrations (in dry weight basis) range as 6.62-10.78 μg g-1 in liver, 0.008-7.41 μg g-1 in spleen, 0.004-5.71 μg g-1 in testis, 0.757-1.69 μg g-1 in kidney, 0.011-0.078 μg g-1 in lung and < 0.01-0.038 μg g-1 in muscle, whereas in the single samples of uterus and ovary were 0.051 and 0.023 μg g-1; respectively. Overall, Ag concentration in liver and kidney exceeded the cetacean toxic thresholds, proposed as "unhealthy concentrations" and "critically dangerous" in liver and kidney. These results warrant further eco-toxicological studies, to examine biological effects of elevated silver levels for individuals and to assess the species' conservation status with respect to marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cáceres-Saez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Haro
- Centro Bahía Lomas, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Costanera 01834, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Olivia Blank
- Clínica Veterinaria Timaukel y Centro de Rehabilitación de Aves Leñadura (CRAL), José Pithon 01316, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Anelio Aguayo-Lobo
- Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH), Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Catherine Dougnac
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - H Luis Cappozzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Ribeiro Guevara
- Laboratorio de Análisis por Activación Neutrónica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Avenida Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Argentina
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Ezenduka EV. Screening of antimicrobial residues in poultry meat in Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, South East Nigeria. Vet Ital 2019; 55:143-148. [PMID: 31274175 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.395.1870.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial residues in poultry in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria. Four organs - kidney, liver, muscle, and gizzard - were harvested from 100 commercial broiler birds and tested using the Three Plate Test (microbiological method) with Bacillus subtilis as test organism. Of the 100 sampled birds, 64 were positive for antimicrobial residues, with a prevalence of 64%. Out of 400 organs, 155 were positive for antimicrobial residues, with different prevalence values observed in the harvested organs. Our findings indicate an association between the type of organ and the occurrence of antimicrobial residues, with the kidney having the highest prevalence (p value: < 0.0001, Chi Square test). Overall, in this study, commercial poultry were found to contain multiple antimicrobial residues, which strongly suggest the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekene Vivienne Ezenduka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Tel.: +234 7061032840, e-mail:
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Su L, Deng H, Li B, Chen Q, Pettigrove V, Wu C, Shi H. The occurrence of microplastic in specific organs in commercially caught fishes from coast and estuary area of east China. J Hazard Mater 2019; 365:716-724. [PMID: 30472457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand where microplastics go in the body of organisms. They can readily affect target organs and transport microplastic-associated chemicals to humans via consumption. The plastics (>20 μm) in guts and gills of 13 species of fishes from coast estuary areas of China were examined for the presence of microplastics. Muscle and liver were analyzed from a commercial species, the Asian seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus), of which 73% of the suspected items were verified by micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. We targeted the organ specific distribution of microplastics. Microplastics were detected in gut and gills in 22%-100% and 22%-89% of total individuals, respectively. Microplastics in gut varied from 0.3 to 5.3 items/ind. and varied from 0.3 to 2.6 items/ind in gill, respectively. The size of microplastics in gills were smaller than those found in the guts. No microplastics were detected in the liver or muscle tissue of L. maculatus, and several non-plastic items detected in muscles can be attributed to background contamination. Further research is required using a larger number of specimens and better quality control and quality assurance are required to assess the presence of small microplastics or nanoplastics in fishes internal organs and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Aquatic Pollution Prevention Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Abstract
Given the current organ shortage, a prevalent alternative to the altruism-based policy is a market-based solution: pay people for their organs. Receiving much popular and scholarly attention, a salient normative argument against neoliberal pressures is the preservation of human dignity. This article examines how advocates of both the altruistic status quo and market challengers reason and weigh the central normative concept of dignity, meant as inherent worth and/or rank. Key rhetorical strategies, including motivations and broader social visions, of the two positions are analyzed and evaluated, and the separation of morally normative understandings of dignity from market encroachment is defended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gillespie
- University of California, Los Angeles, 322 Humanities Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1511, USA.
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Liu H, Wang X, Wu Y, Hou J, Zhang S, Zhou N, Wang X. Toxicity responses of different organs of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to silver nanoparticles with different particle sizes and surface coatings. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:414-422. [PMID: 30579210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aquatic ecosystems are toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxicities and molecular mechanisms of AgNPs with different surface coatings (sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and particle sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) in the gills, intestines, and muscles of zebrafish after 96 h of exposure. Our results indicated that the contribution of particle size to AgNP toxicity was greater than that of the surface coating. Citrate-coated AgNPs were more toxic than polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs, and 20-nm AgNPs were more toxic than 100-nm AgNPs. The toxic effects of AgNPs to the tissues were in the order intestines > gills > muscles. Differential expression of genes with the different AgNPs confirmed that they had toxic effects in the zebrafish tissues at the molecular level. Our comprehensive comparison of the toxicities of different AgNPs to aquatic ecosystems will be helpful for further risk assessments of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yazhou Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Siyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
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Pereira V, Carbajales P, López-Alonso M, Miranda M. Trace Element Concentrations in Beef Cattle Related to the Breed Aptitude. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:135-142. [PMID: 29478230 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal feed has traditionally been supplemented with trace elements at dietary concentrations well above physiological needs. However, environmental concerns have led to calls for better adjustment of mineral supplementation to actual physiological needs and, in this context, consideration of breed-related differences in trace element requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze trace element concentrations in the main breeds used for intensive beef production in northern Spain (Holstein-Friesian [HF], Galician Blonde [GB], and GB × HF cross). Samples of blood, internal organs, and muscle were obtained at slaughter from 10 HF, GB, and GB × HF cross calves in the same feedlot. Overall, trace element concentrations in serum and internal organs were within adequate ranges and did not differ between those of breeds, suggesting that trace mineral supplementation was adequate in all groups. The only exception to this was copper, and hepatic copper concentrations were above adequate levels in all calves. This was particularly evident in the HF calves, and the maximum recommended level for human consumption was exceeded in 90% of these animals. Copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc concentrations in muscle were significantly higher in the HF than those in the GB calves, with intermediate values for the crosses. These breed-related differences in trace element concentrations in the muscle may be related to lower muscle mass and/or higher hepatic activity in the HF (dairy) calves than in GB (beef) calves. As meat is an essential source of highly available trace elements in human diets, breed-related differences in trace element concentrations in meat deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Paloma Carbajales
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Mazo C, Bernal J, Trujillo M, Alegre E. Transfer learning for classification of cardiovascular tissues in histological images. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2018; 165:69-76. [PMID: 30337082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Automatic classification of healthy tissues and organs based on histology images is an open problem, mainly due to the lack of automated tools. Solutions in this regard have potential in educational medicine and medical practices. Some preliminary advances have been made using image processing techniques and classical supervised learning. Due to the breakthrough performance of deep learning in various areas, we present an approach to recognise and classify, automatically, fundamental tissues and organs using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). METHODS We adapt four popular CNNs architectures - ResNet, VGG19, VGG16 and Inception - to this problem through transfer learning. The resulting models are evaluated at three stages. Firstly, all the transferred networks are compared to each other. Secondly, the best resulting fine-tuned model is compared to an ad-hoc 2D multi-path model to outline the importance of transfer learning. Thirdly, the same model is evaluated against the state-of-the-art method, a cascade SVM using LBP-based descriptors, to contrast a traditional machine learning approach and a representation learning one. The evaluation task consists of separating six classes accurately: smooth muscle of the elastic artery, smooth muscle of the large vein, smooth muscle of the muscular artery, cardiac muscle, loose connective tissue, and light regions. The different networks are tuned on 6000 blocks of 100 × 100 pixels and tested on 7500. RESULTS Our proposal yields F-score values between 0.717 and 0.928. The highest and lowest performances are for cardiac muscle and smooth muscle of the large vein, respectively. The main issue leading to limited classification scores for the latter class is its similarity with the elastic artery. However, this confusion is evidenced during manual annotation as well. Our algorithm reached improvements in F-score between 0.080 and 0.220 compared to the state-of-the-art machine learning approach. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that it is possible to classify healthy cardiovascular tissues and organs automatically using CNNs and that deep learning holds great promise to improve tissue and organs classification. We left our training and test sets, models and source code publicly available to the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazo
- University College Dublin, CeADAR: Centre for Applied Data Analytics Research, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jose Bernal
- Universitat de Girona, Institute of Computer Vision and Robotics, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Trujillo
- Universidad del Valle, Computer and Systems Engineering School, Cali, Colombia
| | - Enrique Alegre
- Universidad de León, Industrial and Informatics Engineering School, León, Spain
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Abstract
Displaying data onto anatomical structures is a convenient technique to quickly observe tissue related information. However, drawing tissues is a complex task that requires both expertise in anatomy and the arts. While web based applications exist for displaying gene expression on anatograms, other non-genetic disciplines lack similar tools. Moreover, web based tools often lack the modularity associated with packages in programming languages, such as R. Here I present gganatogram, an R package used to plot modular species anatograms based on a combination of the graphical grammar of ggplot2 and the publicly available anatograms from the Expression Atlas. This combination allows for quick and easy, modular, and reproducible generation of anatograms. Using only one command and a data frame with tissue name, group, colour, and value, this tool enables the user to visualise specific human and mouse tissues with desired colours, grouped by a variable, or displaying a desired value, such as gene-expression, pharmacokinetics, or bacterial load across selected tissues. gganatogram consists of 5 highly annotated organisms, male/female human/mouse, and a cell anatogram. It further consists of 24 other less annotated organisms from the animal and plant kingdom. I hope that this tool will be useful by the wider community in biological sciences. Community members are welcome to submit additional anatograms, which can be incorporated into the package. A stable version gganatogram has been deposited to neuroconductor, and a development version can be found on github/jespermaag/gganatogram. An interactive shiny app of gganatogram can be found on https://jespermaag.shinyapps.io/gganatogram/, which allows for non-R users to create anatograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L V Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
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43
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Abstract
Displaying data onto anatomical structures is a convenient technique to quickly observe tissue related information. However, drawing tissues is a complex task that requires both expertise in anatomy and the arts. While web based applications exist for displaying gene expression on anatograms, other non-genetic disciplines lack similar tools. Moreover, web based tools often lack the modularity associated with packages in programming languages, such as R. Here I present gganatogram, an R package used to plot modular species anatograms based on a combination of the graphical grammar of ggplot2 and the publicly available anatograms from the Expression Atlas. This combination allows for quick and easy, modular, and reproducible generation of anatograms. Using only one command and a data frame with tissue name, group, colour, and value, this tool enables the user to visualise specific human and mouse tissues with desired colours, grouped by a variable, or displaying a desired value, such as gene-expression, pharmacokinetics, or bacterial load across selected tissues. gganatogram consists of 5 highly annotated organisms, male/female human/mouse, and a cell anatogram. It further consists of 24 other less annotated organisms from the animal and plant kingdom. I hope that this tool will be useful by the wider community in biological sciences. Community members are welcome to submit additional anatograms, which can be incorporated into the package. A stable version gganatogram has been deposited to
neuroconductor, and a development version can be found on
github/jespermaag/gganatogram. An interactive shiny app of gganatogram can be found on
https://jespermaag.shinyapps.io/gganatogram/, which allows for non-R users to create anatograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L V Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
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Massey IY, Yang F, Ding Z, Yang S, Guo J, Tezi C, Al-Osman M, Kamegni RB, Zeng W. Exposure routes and health effects of microcystins on animals and humans: A mini-review. Toxicon 2018; 151:156-62. [PMID: 30003917 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) pollution has quickly risen in infamy and has become a major problem to public health worldwide. MCs are a group of monocyclic hepatotoxic peptides, which are produced by some bloom-forming cyanobacteria in water. More than 100 different MCs variants posing a great threat to animals and humans due to their potential carcinogenicity have been reported. To reduce MCs risks, the World Health Organization has set a provisional guideline of 1 μg/L MCs in human's drinking water. This paper provides an overview of exposure routes of MCs into the human system and health effects on different organs after MCs exposure including the liver, intestine, brain, kidney, lung, heart and reproductive system. In addition, some evidences on human poisoning and deaths associated with MCs exposure are presented. Finally, in order to protect human life against the health threats posed by MCs, this paper also suggests some directions for future research that can advance MCs control and minimize human exposure to MCs.
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Chen X, Song Y, Li Z, Luo S, Yue B, Xu H, He Z, Ren Z, Xu D, Li S. Perioperative Measurement of Radiation Exposure to Radiation-Sensitive Organs of Patients Undergoing Lumbar Surgeries Using a Thermoluminescent Dosimeter. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e43-51. [PMID: 29959078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce a method of accurately measuring the equivalent dose received by radiation-sensitive organs using the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and to provide reference values for future studies associated with radiation protection in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries. METHODS After careful selection and preparation, TLD chips were used to obtain measurements from the eyes, thyroid glands, breasts, and gonads of 20 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries. The results were obtained via air kerma conversion-related calculations. RESULTS The overall radiation exposures absorbed perioperatively by the eyes, thyroid glands, right breasts, left breasts, right ovaries, left ovaries, and testes were 0.41 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.45, 6.95 ± 3.63, 9.50 ± 6.14, 29.86 ± 28.62, 23.47 ± 22.10, and 5.41 ± 1.86 mSv, respectively. A single computed tomography (CT) scan contributed to more than 75% of the overall dose received regardless of the position used. CONCLUSIONS Patients received significantly higher radiation doses from CT scans than from regular digital radiograph examinations. These radiation doses were concentrated in the regional area of scanning. Our results indicate the necessity and benefits of radiation protection measures, especially for the organs researched herein, when patients undergoing lumbar surgeries require radiographic diagnostic examinations.
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Buenfil-Rojas AM, Alvarez-Legorreta T, Cedeño-Vázquez JR. Mercury and metallothioneins in blood fractions and tissues of captive Morelet's crocodiles in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Chemosphere 2018; 199:630-636. [PMID: 29459354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though studies of heavy metals and their relation with metallothioneins (MTs) in reptile tissues have been conducted, research on heavy metals and MTs in organs and blood fractions of crocodylians is limited. To date there are no studies on the distribution of MTs in organs and their relation with mercury (Hg), or the concentration of MTs in plasma and erythrocytes of crocodylians. In order to understand the role of MTs in crocodiles, our aim was to assess the detoxification mechanisms for exposure to metals in Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) by using two biomarkers (Hg and MTs) in blood fractions and tissues, and comparing them with concentrations between two populations of crocodiles, one previously wild and currently captive (Theme Park) and another raised in a Wildlife Management Unit (WMU). The caudal scutes from the Theme Park showed higher concentrations of Hg than those from the skin in the WMU samples, and significant negative relationships were observed between the total length (TL) and Hg in the scutes. The significant negative relationship between Hg and hemoglobin (Hb) may be due to disorders in the oxidation process and even denature of this protein, while the positive trend observed between MTs and Hb is consistent with the detoxifying functions and the protection against oxidative damage. This study is the first to report Hg in the erythrocytes of crocodylians and the use of MTs for testing the potential of these biomarkers as a tool to assess Hg exposure in crocodile's habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Buenfil-Rojas
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Sustainability Sciences, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - T Alvarez-Legorreta
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Sustainability Sciences, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - J R Cedeño-Vázquez
- Systematics, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Resources, Department of Systematics and Aquatic Ecology, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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Lala AO, Ajayi OL, Okwelum N, Oso AO, Fakorede TV, Adebayo TA, Jagbojo JE. Haematological, biochemical and organ changes in broiler chickens fed varying levels of Morinda lucida (brimstone) leaf meal supplementation in the diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1005-10. [PMID: 29411225 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Morinda lucida leaf meal (MLLM) on the haematology, biochemical and organ changes of broiler chickens. One hundred and ninety-eight day-old Marshall broiler chicks were completely randomised into 6 treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of three levels of M. lucida leaf meal supplementation (0, 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg) with or without medication. The treatment consisted of both negative (without MLLM and routine medication) and positive (containing no MLLM but with routine medication) control groups while each treatment was replicated thrice. MLLM-supplemented diets and routine medication decreased (p < 0.05) the white blood cell count compared to the negative control. Dietary supplementation with MLLM in combination with normal routine medication increased (p < 0.05) total serum protein when compared with treatment group without MLLM and routine medication. Dietary supplementation with MLLM and routine medication reduced (p < 0.05) serum creatinine concentration of the broiler chickens. Birds fed with 0.2 g/kg MLLM supplement coupled with medication and those on negative control had higher (p < 0.05) creatinine values. Serum enzyme activities reduced (p < 0.05) following supplementation. MLLM supplementation recorded no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the liver, kidney, heart and gizzard. M. lucida leaf meal can be compared to routine medication for improved health status of broiler chickens. Dietary inclusion with 0.1 g/kg MLML combined with routine medication could be used in producing healthy and safe chickens.
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48
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Mengist MF, Milbourne D, Griffin D, McLaughlin MJ, Creedon J, Jones PW, Alves S. Cadmium uptake and partitioning in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars with different tuber-Cd concentration. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27384-27391. [PMID: 28975479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes grown in soil with high Cd concentrations can accumulate high levels of Cd in the tubers. Although there is significant environmental variation involved in the trait of crop uptake of Cd, there are also distinctive cultivar differences. In order to understand this differential Cd accumulation mechanism, two potato cultivars were chosen that accumulate high and low levels of Cd in tubers. The patterns of Cd concentration, Cd content and dry weight accumulation of the two cultivars were examined at different stages of plant growth. The data suggest that differences in total Cd uptake and in Cd partitioning among organs are the mechanisms governing differential Cd-tuber accumulation in the two cultivars. The low tuber-Cd accumulator exhibited lower root-to-shoot and shoot-to-tuber translocation driven by higher root and shoot biomass that retained more Cd in roots and shoots, respectively, reducing its movement to the tubers. Higher remobilization and more efficient tuber loading was observed in the high tuber-Cd accumulator, indicating that remobilization of Cd from leaves to tubers was a major factor, not only in tuber-Cd loading, but also in the establishment of differential tuber-Cd levels. Regardless of cultivar differences, the concentration of Cd in the tuber was very low compared to that in other organs suggesting that, despite its high phloem mobility, Cd tends to be sequestered in the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla F Mengist
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan Milbourne
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Denis Griffin
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- Soil Science Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Joanne Creedon
- Teagasc, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Y35 Y521, Ireland
| | - Peter W Jones
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheila Alves
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland.
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Chen P, Zhu Y, Wan H, Wang Y, Hao P, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Liu J. Effects of the Oral Administration of K 2Cr 2O 7 and Na 2SeO 3 on Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn Contents in the Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney of Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:285-296. [PMID: 28353138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium on the ion profiles in the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney through the oral administration of hexavalent chromium. Approximately 22.14 mg/kg b.w. K2Cr2O7 was added to water to establish a chronic poisoning model. Different selenium levels (0.00, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg Na2SeO3/kg b.w.) around the safe dose were administered to the experimental group model. Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were detected in the organs through flame atomic absorption spectrometry after these organs were exposed to K2Cr2O7 and Na2SeO3 for 14, 28, and 42 days. Results showed that these elements exhibited various changes. Ca contents declined in the heart, liver, and spleen. Ca contents also decreased on the 28th day and increased on the 42nd day in the kidney. Mn contents declined in the heart and spleen but increased in the kidney. Mn contents also decreased on the 28th day and increased on the 42nd day in the liver. Cu contents declined in the heart and spleen. Cu contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the liver and kidney. Zn contents declined in the heart and spleen. Zn contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the liver and kidney. Fe contents decreased in the heart and liver. Fe contents increased on the 28th day and decreased on the 42nd day in the spleen and kidney. Mg contents did not significantly change in these organs. Appropriate selenium contents enhanced Mn and Zn contents, which were declined by chromium. Conversely, appropriate selenium contents reduced Ca, Fe, and Cu contents, which were increased by chromium. In conclusion, the exposure of chickens to K2Cr2O7 induced changes in different trace elements, and Na2SeO3 supplementation could alleviate this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Huiyu Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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50
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Mazo C, Salazar L, Corcho O, Trujillo M, Alegre E. A histological ontology of the human cardiovascular system. J Biomed Semantics 2017; 8:47. [PMID: 28969675 PMCID: PMC5625660 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-017-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, we describe a histological ontology of the human cardiovascular system developed in collaboration among histology experts and computer scientists. RESULTS The histological ontology is developed following an existing methodology using Conceptual Models (CMs) and validated using OOPS!, expert evaluation with CMs, and how accurately the ontology can answer the Competency Questions (CQ). It is publicly available at http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/HO and https://w3id.org/def/System . CONCLUSIONS The histological ontology is developed to support complex tasks, such as supporting teaching activities, medical practices, and bio-medical research or having natural language interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazo
- Computer and Systems Engineering School, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Liliana Salazar
- Morphology Department, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Oscar Corcho
- Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Trujillo
- Computer and Systems Engineering School, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Enrique Alegre
- Industrial and Informatics Engineering School, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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