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Başpınar O, Kervancıoğlu M, Kılınç M, Şahin DA, Temel MT. Evaluation of the reduction of radiation dose received by pediatric patients in new-generation biplane angiocardiography: Randomized controlled study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28138. [PMID: 38590841 PMCID: PMC10999867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiation dose reduction with a new-generation biplane angiocardiography system in patients undergoing transcatheter isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. Materials and methods Fifty pediatric patients who underwent transcatheter PDA closure were randomly divided into two groups as normal radiation dose and low dose. Patients who required additional procedures other than PDA closure were excluded. PDA closure was performed according to the angiographic measurement of the defect. After the procedure, age, weight, sex, PDA measurements, and radiation measurements such as dose-area product (DAP, Gy.cm2) and air kerma (AK, mGy) were compared between the groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in age, sex, weight, PDA diameter, PDA type, device used, and device diameter (p > 0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of cine recording, number of recorded images, and fluoroscopy time (p > 0.05), there was a statistically significant difference between the total DAP, cine and fluoroscopy DAP, total AK, frontal and lateral tube AK, and DAP/kg (mGy.m2/kg) measurements (p < 0.05). Conclusion Transcatheter PDA closure with a low radiation dose is as effective as that with a normal radiation dose. The radiation dose received by the patient during the procedure was significantly reduced. With the vision provided by this study, it seems possible to work with a low radiation dose in other groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Başpınar
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kervancıoğlu
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
| | - Metin Kılınç
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
| | - Derya Aydın Şahin
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
| | - Münevver Tuğba Temel
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
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Kamisaki F, Inoue T, Tomiyoshi K, Matsuki M, Aoki K, Kusaka S, Tamaki S, Sato F, Murata I. Accurate gamma-ray dose measurement up to 10 MeV by glass dosimeter with a sensitivity control filter for BNCT. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 209:111299. [PMID: 38613949 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Glass dosimeters are very useful and convenient detection elements in radiation dosimetry. In this study, this glass dosimeter was applied to a BNCT treatment field. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a next-generation radiation therapy that can selectively kill only cancer cells. In the BNCT treatment field, both neutrons and secondary gamma-rays are generated. In other words, it is a mixed radiation field of neutrons and gamma-rays. We thus proposed a novel method to measure only gamma-ray dose in the mixed field using two RPLGD (Radiophoto-luminescence Glass Dosimeter) and two sensitivity control filters in order to control the dose response of the filtered RPLGD to be proportional to the air kerma coefficients, even if the gamma-ray energy spectrum is unknown. As the filter material iron was selected, and it was finally confirmed that reproduction of the air kerma coefficients was excellent within an error of 5.3% in the entire energy range up to 10 MeV. In order to validate this method, irradiation experiments were carried out using standard gamma-ray sources. As the result, the measured doses were in acceptably good agreement with the theoretical calculation results by PHITS. In the irradiation experiment with a volume source in a nuclear fuel storage room, the measured dose rates showed larger compared with survey meter values. In conclusion, the results of the standard sources showed the feasibility of this method, however for the volume source the dependence of the gamma-ray incident angle on the dosimeter was found to be not neglected. In the next step, it will be necessary to design a thinner filter in order to suppress the effect of the incident angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamisaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Inoue
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Tomiyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Matsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kusaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Tamaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - F Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - I Murata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Golikov VY. Air kerma rate from radionuclides distributed in forest ecosystem. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107283. [PMID: 37634423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the air kerma rate in radioactively contaminated forests. The air kerma rates created by plane sources of monoenergetic photons in the energy range 0.02-3 MeV located at different depths in soil up to 50 g cm-2 and at different heights in the forest medium from 0.05 to 50 m were calculated using numeric solution of the transport (Boltzmann) equation. To simplify the practical use of the results obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation, the study additionally includes approximation formulae for calculating air kerma rate separately from contaminated soil, crowns and trunks of trees in a forest ecosystem for 20 radionuclides - fission products that significantly contribute to the external dose. Biomaterial of trunks and crowns was modeled as uniformly distributed in corresponding layers and homogeneously mixed with air. Different distributions of radionuclides in soil were considered including plane source located at different depths, exponential and uniform distribution. Based on the results, the effect of forest biomass presence as an absorbing and scattering medium on the air kerma rate at 1 m above soil was evaluated. The estimated relative difference in air kerma rate at 1 m above soil in the forest medium and in free air for monoenergetic photon sources with energies 0.1 MeV, 0.66 MeV and 3 MeV did not correlate significantly with the energy of photons. Its maximum value in forest medium with biomass density of 5 kg m-3 was 15-20% for the source at soil depth ∼0.3 g cm-2, decreasing to less than 5% when it is at soil depth greater than 7 g cm-2. An example calculation of the air kerma rate dynamics is presented for the initial period after radioactive fallout considering weathering processes (rainfall and wind action) that contribute to the transfer of activity from the canopies to the forest floor. The differences in air kerma rate values, as an integral characteristic of the gamma radiation field from a radioactive cloud in the forest and in the open area, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Golikov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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4
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Pierce KV, Scansen BA, Rao S. Radiation dose during interventional cardiology procedures: portable C-arm vs. a new generation fluoroscopy system. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 47:30-40. [PMID: 37150018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation poses health risks for veterinary interventionalists. There are limited veterinary studies evaluating radiation dose in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The purpose of this study was to report direct radiation dose exposure to patients during common interventional cardiology procedures and compare these doses between two fluoroscopy units. ANIMALS One hundred and fifty-four client-owned dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient dose during procedures using a portable C-arm were retrospectively analyzed and compared to those performed in a contemporary interventional suite. Fluoroscopy equipment, procedure type, operator, patient weight, fluoroscopy time, dose area product, and air kerma were recorded and statistically modeled using univariable and multivariable linear regression to evaluate the effect of each factor. RESULTS Patient dose population (154 dogs), comprised 61 patent ductus arteriosus occlusions, 60 balloon pulmonary valvuloplasties, and 33 pacemaker implantations. Patient dose was significantly lower in the group utilizing a newer generation fluoroscopy unit vs. the group utilizing an older portable C-arm, positively correlated with patient weight, and highest during balloon pulmonary valvuloplasties compared to patent ductus arteriosus occlusions or pacemaker implantations (all p<0.010). DISCUSSION Newer fluoroscopy systems can be equipped with technologies that improve image quality while reducing patient dose and radiation exposure to interventional personnel. CONCLUSIONS We documented a significant reduction in patient radiation dose using a newer fluoroscopy system as compared to an older portable C-arm for interventional cardiology procedures in animals. Improved knowledge of patient radiation dose factors may promote better radiation safety protocols in veterinary interventional cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Pierce
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - B A Scansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - S Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Liu C, Saull PRB, Martin-Burtart N, Hovgaard J, Korpach E, Tulk C, Ungar K, Zhang W. Dose calibration of Health Canada's Fixed Point Surveillance system for environmental radiation monitoring in terms of air kerma and H*(10). J Environ Radioact 2022; 253-254:107009. [PMID: 36099680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental radiation exposure in Canada has been monitored since 2002 by Health Canada's Fixed Point Surveillance network. The network consists of over eighty 7.6 cm × 7.6 cm sodium iodide spectrometers, and routinely reports to the public the environmental gamma radiation level throughout Canada. This paper describes the latest dose calibrations to air kerma and ambient dose equivalent for the future upgraded network. The calibration curves were developed using Monte Carlo techniques and further optimized via experiments in various reference fields. The dose calibration was validated over a wide range of gamma energy, dose measurement range, and angle of incidence under laboratory conditions. In environmental monitoring situations, the angular distribution of radiation exposure was analytically calculated by assuming a semi-infinite plume source, semi-infinite planar source, and infinite volume sources for the respective exposure scenarios of radioactive plume, ground contamination, and soil source. By coupling the resultant radiation angular distribution with detector's angular variation on dose response, the overall accuracy of dose measurement in each of these environmental scenarios was estimated. The accuracy is expected to be within ±3.7% for plume radiation, -5.6% for 137Cs ground contamination, and 0% to -17.1% for soil radioactive sources. The under-estimation for soil sources is mainly caused by absorption of radiation in the electronic system underneath the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Liu
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada.
| | - Patrick R B Saull
- Ionizing Radiation Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Jens Hovgaard
- Radiation Solutions Inc, 5875 Whittle Road, Mississauga, ON, L4Z 2H4, Canada
| | - Ed Korpach
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Christopher Tulk
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Kurt Ungar
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
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Vega-Carrillo HR, Vazquez-Bañuelos J, Campillo-Rivera GE, Garcia-Reyna MG, Marquez-Mata CA, Vasquez-Arteaga M. Doses and spectra, of leaking-out and scattered photons from X-ray tubes used in dentistry. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110451. [PMID: 36115292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis by X-ray image are procedures widely used to improve the diagnosis or to follow the evolution of a medical procedure, also are used to support the cancer treatment with linear accelerators. The procedure involves the X-ray unit and the detection system, while the X-ray beam is projected onto the patient; along this procedure X-rays are scattered out from the patient body and X-rays leak-out from the X-ray unit. Both, the scattered and the leaking out radiation, are important during the evaluation or the design of the shielding barriers. X-ray tube features like voltage, electric current, target and filter are related to the dose due to the scattered and leakage radiation. Also, the dose due to the scattered radiation depends upon the scattering angle; while the dose due to the leaking out radiation, depend upon the X-ray tube housing. The objective of this work was to estimate, using Monte Carlo methods, the X-ray spectra and doses (air Kerma and Ambient dose equivalent) produced by scattered and leaking out radiation of 70, 80 and 90 kV X-ray units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Ciprés 10, Fracc. La Peñuela, 98060, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, UaIE de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Av. Lopez Velarde 800, Col. Centro, 98000, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico.
| | - Joel Vazquez-Bañuelos
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, UaIE de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Av. Lopez Velarde 800, Col. Centro, 98000, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Eduardo Campillo-Rivera
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, UaIE de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Av. Lopez Velarde 800, Col. Centro, 98000, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - Mayra Guadalupe Garcia-Reyna
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, UaIE de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Av. Lopez Velarde 800, Col. Centro, 98000, Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - Claudia Angelica Marquez-Mata
- ITM/Instituto Tecnologico de Aguascalientes,Av, Adolfo Lopez Mateos 1801 Ote., Frac. Bona Gens, 20256, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
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7
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Tachibana H, Takahashi R, Kogure T, Nishiyama S, Kurosawa T. Practical dosimetry procedure of air kerma for kilovoltage X-ray imaging in radiation oncology using a 0.6-cc cylindrical ionization chamber with a cobalt absorbed dose-to-water calibration coefficient. Radiol Phys Technol 2022; 15:264-270. [PMID: 35829894 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we implemented a practical dosimetry procedure of air kerma for kilovoltage X-ray beams using a 0.6-cc cylindrical ionization chamber, and validated the procedure with the accuracy of the measurements using the 0.6-cc chamber compared to the measurements using a 6-cc chamber and a semiconductor device. In addition, the kerma area products (KAPs) were compared with the dose reference levels of radiology. A modified air kerma formalism using a 0.6-cc cylindrical ionization chamber air kerma formalism with a cobalt absorbed dose-to-water calibration coefficient was implemented. Validation of the formalism showed good agreement between the 0.6-cc chamber and the 6-cc chamber (< 5%), and between the 0.6-cc chamber and the semiconductor device (< 2%) in the 60-120 kV range. The KAPs for four RO machines had difference factors of 0.04-15.4 and 0.01-4.1 from their median and maximum dose reference levels in radiology, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Tachibana
- Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division, Hospital East, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 2778577, Japan.
- Particle Therapy Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 2778577, Japan.
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Particle Therapy Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 2778577, Japan
- Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division, Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 2778577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kogure
- Department of Radiology, Chiba Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, 2748503, Japan
| | - Shiro Nishiyama
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital, Saiseikai Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3328558, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurosawa
- Particle Therapy Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 2778577, Japan
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Tominaga M, Nagayasu Y, Sasaki M, Furuta T, Hayashi H, Oita M, Nishiyama Y, Haga A. Influence of distant scatterer on air kerma measurement in the evaluation of diagnostic X-rays using Monte Carlo simulation. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 14:381-389. [PMID: 34716568 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-021-00641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the entrance surface dose (ESD) ensures safe radiation doses for X-ray imaging patients. The air kerma free-in-air value used to estimate ESD may be affected by those X-rays that scatter from the scatterer placed behind the chamber at the time of measurement, thereby leading to assessment errors. Therefore, the influence of scattered radiation on air kerma measurements was investigated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for various detector-to-scatterer distances and scatterer materials. The simulation results were compared with actual measurements to confirm the simulation accuracy. The source-chamber distance was set to 50 and 100 cm for the experimental measurements and simulation, respectively, and the chamber-scatterer distance was varied. The Monte Carlo simulation results reproduced the actual measurements with an accuracy of 3.5%. The effect of backscattering varied with the tube voltage and irradiation field size. The effect was observed in the order of prominence for the following scatterer materials: water-equivalent phantom, acrylic, concrete, lead, and iron. Furthermore, this effect decreased exponentially with increasing chamber-scatterer distance. For a field size of 10 × 10 cm2, the finite-distance backscatter factor decreased with an increasing chamber-scatterer distance for all materials. The cause of backscattering in diagnostic X-ray energy regions differs depending on the scatterer material, as well as the photon energy and field size. Backscattering decreases exponentially as the distance between the detector and scatterer increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Tominaga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukari Nagayasu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-867, Japan
| | - Motoharu Sasaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1184, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Masataka Oita
- Department of the Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 770-8558, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Haga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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9
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Mirkov Z, Rajković KM, Stanković JB, Faj D. The empirical formula for calculating the incident air Kerma in intraoral radiographic imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210117. [PMID: 34233497 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to determine the empirical formula for calculating the incident air kerma (Ki), used as a patient dose descriptor in the intraoral radiographic imaging. METHODS The data for the formula were collected during the regular annual inspection of intraoral dental X-ray units in 2018, 2019 and early 2020. The measurement data of 50 X-ray units were processed to develop the formula. Exposure factors for imaging molars of the upper jaw of an average patient in a clinical setting were used in the measurement. The formula validity was statistically evaluated using coefficient of correlation, standard error of the fitted function and the mean relative percentage deviation. RESULTS The measurement values of the radiation doses and calculated values obtained by using the final formula showed good agreement - the mean relative percentage deviation values less than ±15%. CONCLUSIONS Although there are differences in X-ray units, voltages, manufacturers and device architectures (single-phase and high-frequency), the measurement data comply well with computed ones in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mirkov
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina M Rajković
- Department of Kruševac, Shumadia Academy of Professional Studies, Kruševac, Serbia
| | - Jovan B Stanković
- Academy for Applied Studies Belgrade - The College of Health Sciences, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Dario Faj
- Faculty of medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of dentalmedicine and health, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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10
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Chen X, Song Y, Li Z, Luo S, Yue B, Xu H, He Z, Ren Z, Xu D, Li S. Perioperative Measurement of Radiation Exposure to Radiation-Sensitive Organs of Patients Undergoing Lumbar Surgeries Using a Thermoluminescent Dosimeter. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e43-51. [PMID: 29959078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce a method of accurately measuring the equivalent dose received by radiation-sensitive organs using the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and to provide reference values for future studies associated with radiation protection in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries. METHODS After careful selection and preparation, TLD chips were used to obtain measurements from the eyes, thyroid glands, breasts, and gonads of 20 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries. The results were obtained via air kerma conversion-related calculations. RESULTS The overall radiation exposures absorbed perioperatively by the eyes, thyroid glands, right breasts, left breasts, right ovaries, left ovaries, and testes were 0.41 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.45, 6.95 ± 3.63, 9.50 ± 6.14, 29.86 ± 28.62, 23.47 ± 22.10, and 5.41 ± 1.86 mSv, respectively. A single computed tomography (CT) scan contributed to more than 75% of the overall dose received regardless of the position used. CONCLUSIONS Patients received significantly higher radiation doses from CT scans than from regular digital radiograph examinations. These radiation doses were concentrated in the regional area of scanning. Our results indicate the necessity and benefits of radiation protection measures, especially for the organs researched herein, when patients undergoing lumbar surgeries require radiographic diagnostic examinations.
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11
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Kleinschmidt R. Reference natural radionuclide concentrations in Australian soils and derived terrestrial air kerma rate. J Environ Radioact 2017; 172:160-162. [PMID: 28365477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment from drainage catchment outlets has been shown to be a useful means of sampling large land masses for soil composition. Naturally occurring radioactive material concentrations (uranium, thorium and potassium-40) in soil have been collated and converted to activity concentrations using data collected from the National Geochemistry Survey of Australia. Average terrestrial air kerma rate data are derived using the elemental concentration data, and is tabulated for Australia and states for use as baseline reference information.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kleinschmidt
- Radiation and Nuclear Sciences, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia.
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12
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Liu Y, Wei B, Zhuo R, Wen D, Ding D, Xu Y, Mao B. Determination of the conventional true value of gamma-ray air kerma in a minitype reference radiation. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 118:238-245. [PMID: 27689308 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To develop mobile calibration equipment for gamma-ray dose or dose rate meters in the field of radiation protection, a minitype reference radiation (MRR) of 0.5m×0.5m×0.5m cube was set up and used for investigation. Two types, which add up to 12 daily used gamma-ray dose rate meters, were used as samples to determine the conventional true value of air kerma (CAK) at the point of test in the MRR. A gamma-ray spectrometer was also used to monitor the scattering gamma rays in the MRR, which were applied further to characterize the disturbance of scattering gamma ray in CAK determination. On the basis of the sample data sets of CAKs, scattering gamma spectra and air kerma values at the point of test without sample meters, a CAK prediction model at the point of test was developed by the least square support vector machine, which is a multiple nonlinear regression method. For reducing the amount of data and improving the regression efficiency, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract feature components from the scattering gamma-ray spectra before regression. A relative standard uncertainty of 4.65% was achieved in determining CAK in the MRR using the constructed prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Biao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Renhong Zhuo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China
| | - Dezhi Wen
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China
| | - Dajie Ding
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Benjiang Mao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, PR China.
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13
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Maehata I, Hayashi H, Kimoto N, Takegami K, Okino H, Kanazawa Y, Tominaga M. Practical method for determination of air kerma by use of an ionization chamber toward construction of a secondary X-ray field to be used in clinical examination rooms. Radiol Phys Technol 2016; 9:193-201. [PMID: 26994011 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-016-0352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new practical method for the construction of an accurate secondary X-ray field using medical diagnostic X-ray equipment. For accurate measurement of the air kerma of an X-ray field, it is important to reduce and evaluate the contamination rate of scattered X-rays. To determine the rate quantitatively, we performed the following studies. First, we developed a shield box in which an ionization chamber could be set at an inner of the box to prevent detection of the X-rays scattered from the air. In addition, we made collimator plates which were placed near the X-ray source for estimation of the contamination rate by scattered X-rays from the movable diaphragm which is a component of the X-ray equipment. Then, we measured the exposure dose while changing the collimator plates, which had diameters of 25-90 mm(ϕ). The ideal value of the exposure dose was derived mathematically by extrapolation to 0 mm(ϕ). Tube voltages ranged from 40 to 130 kV. Under these irradiation conditions, we analyzed the contamination rate by the scattered X-rays. We found that the contamination rates were less than 1.7 and 2.3 %, caused by air and the movable diaphragm, respectively. The extrapolated value of the exposure dose has been determined to have an uncertainty of 0.7 %. The ionization chamber used in this study was calibrated with an accuracy of 5 %. Using this kind of ionization chamber, we can construct a secondary X-ray field with an uncertainty of 5 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsumi Maehata
- School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Kimoto
- School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takegami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okino
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanazawa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahide Tominaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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14
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Kleinschmidt R, Watson D. Terrestrial gamma radiation baseline mapping using ultra low density sampling methods. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 3:609-622. [PMID: 26063584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Baseline terrestrial gamma radiation maps are indispensable for providing basic reference information that may be used in assessing the impact of a radiation related incident, performing epidemiological studies, remediating land contaminated with radioactive materials, assessment of land use applications and resource prospectivity. For a large land mass, such as Queensland, Australia (over 1.7 million km(2)), it is prohibitively expensive and practically difficult to undertake detailed in-situ radiometric surveys of this scale. It is proposed that an existing, ultra-low density sampling program already undertaken for the purpose of a nationwide soil survey project be utilised to develop a baseline terrestrial gamma radiation map. Geoelement data derived from the National Geochemistry Survey of Australia (NGSA) was used to construct a baseline terrestrial gamma air kerma rate map, delineated by major drainage catchments, for Queensland. Three drainage catchments (sampled at the catchment outlet) spanning low, medium and high radioelement concentrations were selected for validation of the methodology using radiometric techniques including in-situ measurements and soil sampling for high resolution gamma spectrometry, and comparative non-radiometric analysis. A Queensland mean terrestrial air kerma rate, as calculated from the NGSA outlet sediment uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations, of 49 ± 69 nGy h(-1) (n = 311, 3σ 99% confidence level) is proposed as being suitable for use as a generic terrestrial air kerma rate background range. Validation results indicate that catchment outlet measurements are representative of the range of results obtained across the catchment and that the NGSA geoelement data is suitable for calculation and mapping of terrestrial air kerma rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kleinschmidt
- Radiation and Nuclear Sciences, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia.
| | - D Watson
- Radiation and Nuclear Sciences, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
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