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Talebzadeh F, Raoofian R, Ghadipasha M, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Akbarzadeh K, Oshaghi MA. Sex-typing of ingested human blood meal in Anopheles stephensi mosquito based on the amelogenin gene. Exp Parasitol 2023; 248:108517. [PMID: 36967035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the sex of human hosts of insect disease vectors, using PCR amplification of the amelogenin gene (AMEL) from the ingested blood meal is an increasingly useful technique for epidemiological studies of vector-borne diseases, as well as within the criminal justice system. Detection of DNA from ingested blood is influenced by the choice of DNA extraction method, genomic target region, type and length of PCR, and rate of degradation in the DNA samples over time. Here, we have tested two types of PCR (i.e. conventional and nested), producing differently-sized PCR products, in time-course assays targeting the human AMEL gene in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes that were fed on human male and female blood. The fed female mosquitoes were allowed to digest at 28 °C for times ranging from 0 to 120 h. Three AMEL primer pairs were used to amplify three sequences that were 977, 539, and 106 bp for the X chromosome and 790, 355, and 112 bp for Y. We found that time since feeding had a significant negative effect on the success of PCR amplification. The shortest fragments (106 and 112 bp) were amplified for the longest time after blood feeding (up to 60 h), whereas the medium and longest loci were not amplified by conventional PCR even at 0 h. However, the nested PCR protocol, targeting the medium sequence, could detect small amounts of human DNA up to 36 h (1.5 days) after the blood meal. The shortest PCR assay standardized herein successfully detected small amounts of human DNA in female mosquitoes up to 60 h after the blood meal. This assay represents a promising tool for identifying the sex of the human host from the blood meal in field-collected female mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Talebzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Kamau WW, Sang R, Rotich G, Agha SB, Menza N, Torto B, Tchouassi DP. Patterns of Aedes aegypti abundance, survival, human-blood feeding and relationship with dengue risk, Kenya. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) transmission risk is influenced by the bionomic traits of the key vector, Aedes aegypti. We investigated patterns of abundance, survival, and human blood-feeding of Ae. aegypti populations in two environments in Kenya: peri-urban Rabai (coastal Region, dengue-endemic) and rural Kerio Valley (Rift Valley Region, no reported dengue outbreak). In both environments, Ae. aegypti survival (estimated by parity), was inversely correlated with vector abundance, and this was influenced by weather conditions, notably temperature and relative humidity. In Rabai, Ae. aegypti mostly fed on humans (human blood index=51%), a pattern that corroborates with dengue cases in the coastal region. Aedes aegypti additionally, exhibited opportunistic feeding (livestock, rodents, reptiles, birds), suggesting the risk of human exposure to zoonotic pathogens via spillover transmission events aided by the vector. Abundance and human blood-feeding rates were consistently lower in Kerio Valley likely related to the degree of urbanization. Remarkably, the periods of high human feeding in Rabai coincided with high vector survival rates, a trend that could potentially drive intense DENV transmission at certain times of the year. We found a genetic influence of Ae. aegypti on the degree of anthropophagy but this could be influenced by potential seasonal shifts in human feeding. The findings of this study have implications both for DENV transmission risk and vector control strategies, but also in modeling which should integrate vector bionomic factors beyond vector abundance.
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3
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Ordoñez-Sierra R, Mastachi-Loza CA, Díaz-Delgado C, Cuervo-Robayo AP, Fonseca Ortiz CR, Gómez-Albores MA, Medina Torres I. Spatial Risk Distribution of Dengue Based on the Ecological Niche Model of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Central Mexican Highlands. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:728-737. [PMID: 31880769 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, predominantly Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae). Forty percent of the world's population is at risk of contracting the disease, and a large area of Mexico presents suitable environmental conditions for the life cycle of Ae. aegypti. In particular, the Central Mexican Highlands have a high population density, increasing the risk of transmission and propagation of dengue. In the present study, the potential distribution of Ae. aegypti was modeled under an ecological niche approach using the maximum entropy technique with the aim of determining the spatial risk distribution of dengue. The final model of five variables (minimum temperature of the coldest month |Bio6|, precipitation of the wettest month |Bio13|, precipitation seasonality |Bio15|, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and relative humidity) contributed to more than 90% of the model's performance. The results of the potential distribution model were then compared with the number of dengue cases per locality during the 2009-2015 period considering four suitability of presence categories. Category 4 corresponded with the highest suitability of presence (0.747 to 1) and the greatest risk of dengue (odds ratio [OR] = 103.27; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present ecological niche model represents an important tool for the monitoring of dengue and the identification of high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Ordoñez-Sierra
- Facultad de Geografía, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carlos Díaz-Delgado
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Angela P Cuervo-Robayo
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903, 14010 Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Análisis Espaciales, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Roberto Fonseca Ortiz
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Albores
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Cerro de Coatepec sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, 50110, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Imelda Medina Torres
- Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Metepec, Estado de México, México
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4
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Armstrong PM, Ehrlich HY, Magalhaes T, Miller MR, Conway PJ, Bransfield A, Misencik MJ, Gloria-Soria A, Warren JL, Andreadis TG, Shepard JJ, Foy BD, Pitzer VE, Brackney DE. Successive blood meals enhance virus dissemination within mosquitoes and increase transmission potential. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:239-247. [PMID: 31819213 PMCID: PMC7199921 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemics highlight the explosive nature of arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes1,2. Vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) are two key entomological parameters used to assess the public health risk posed by arboviruses3. These are typically measured empirically by offering mosquitoes an infectious bloodmeal and temporally sampling mosquitoes to determine infection and transmission status. This approach has been used for the better part of a century; however, it does not accurately capture the biology and behavior of many mosquito vectors which refeed frequently (every 2–3 days)4. Here we demonstrate that acquisition of a second non-infectious bloodmeal significantly shortens the EIP of ZIKV-infected Ae. aegypti by enhancing virus dissemination from the mosquito midgut. Similarly, a second bloodmeal increases the competence of this species for dengue virus and CHIKV as well as Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, suggesting that this phenomenon may be common among other virus-vector pairings and that Ae. albopictus might be a more important vector than once thought. Bloodmeal-induced microperforations in the virus-impenetrable basal lamina which surrounds the midgut provide a mechanism for enhanced virus escape. Modeling of these findings reveals that a shortened EIP would result in a significant increase in the basic reproductive number, R0, estimated from experimental data. This helps explain how Ae. aegypti can sustain explosive epidemics like ZIKV despite relatively poor vector competence in single-feed laboratory trials. Together, these data demonstrate a direct and unrecognized link between mosquito feeding behavior, EIP, and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Armstrong
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Hanna Y Ehrlich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Megan R Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick J Conway
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Angela Bransfield
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Misencik
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Theodore G Andreadis
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Shepard
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Doug E Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Duvall LB. Mosquito Host-Seeking Regulation: Targets for Behavioral Control. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:704-714. [PMID: 31326312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes require protein from blood to develop eggs. They have evolved a strong innate drive to find and bite humans and engorge on their blood. Decades of research have revealed that attraction to hosts is suppressed for days after blood-feeding. During this time, females coordinate complex physiological changes, allowing them to utilize blood protein to develop eggs: clearing excess fluid, digesting protein, and egg maturation. How do mechanosensation, nutrient consumption, and reproductive pathways combine to produce the full expression of host-seeking suppression? Understanding mechanisms of endogenous host-seeking suppression may allow them to be 'weaponized' against mosquitoes through exogenous activation and developed as tools for vector control. Recent work allows unprecedented genetic and pharmacological access to characterize and disrupt this behavioral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Duvall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Baak-Baak CM, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Pech-May A, Cruz-Escalona GA, Cetina-Trejo RC, Tzuc-Dzul JC, Talavera-Aguilar LG, Flores-Ruiz S, Machain-Williams C, Torres-Chable OM, Blitvich BJ, Mendez-Galvan J, Garcia-Rejon JE. Entomological and virological surveillance for dengue virus in churches in Merida, Mexico. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e9. [PMID: 30785563 PMCID: PMC6376932 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether churches in endemic dengue districts in Merida, Mexico provide suitable breeding habitats for mosquitoes and are potential sites for dengue virus (DENV) transmission. Churches were inspected for immature and adult mosquitoes once every week from November 2015 to October 2016. A total of 10,997 immatures of five species were collected. The most abundant species were Aedes aegypti (6,051) and Culex quinquefasciatus (3,018). The most common source of immature Ae. aegypti were buckets followed by disposable containers. Adult collections yielded 21,226 mosquitoes of nine species. The most common species were Cx. quinquefasciatus (15,215) and Ae. aegypti (3,902). Aedes aegypti were found all year long. Female Ae. aegypti (1,380) were sorted into pools (166) and assayed for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Two pools were positive for DENV (DENV-1 and 2). In conclusion, we demonstrated that some churches in Merida are infested with mosquitoes all year long and they potentially serve as sites for DENV transmission and should therefore be considered for inclusion in mosquito and arboviruses control and surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Angelica Pech-May
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe A Cruz-Escalona
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rosa C Cetina-Trejo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio C Tzuc-Dzul
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Lourdes Gabriela Talavera-Aguilar
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Suemy Flores-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Oswaldo Margarito Torres-Chable
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | | | | | - Julian E Garcia-Rejon
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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7
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Garcia-Rejon JE, Ulloa-Garcia A, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Pech-May A, Machain-Williams C, Cetina-Trejo RC, Talavera-Aguilar LG, Torres-Chable OM, Navarro JC, Baak-Baak CM. Study of Aedes aegypti population with emphasis on the gonotrophic cycle length and identification of arboviruses: implications for vector management in cemeteries. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e44. [PMID: 30133604 PMCID: PMC6103328 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector of the arboviruses causing dengue,
chikungunya and zika infections in Mexico. However, its presence in public
places has not been fully evaluated. In a cemetery from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico,
the productivity of Ae. aegypti, the gonotrophic cycle, and the
presence of Ae. aegypti females infected with arboviruses were
evaluated. Immature and adult mosquitoes were inspected every two months between
April 2016 to June 2017. For the gonotrophic cycle length, the daily pattern of
total and parous female ratio was registered and was analyzed using time series
analysis. Ae. aegypti females were sorted into pools and
assayed for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Aedes
aegypti immatures represented 82.86% (8,627/10,411) of the
collection. In total, 1,648 Ae. aegypti females were sorted
into 166 pools. Two pools were positive; one for dengue virus (DENV-1) and the
other for zika virus (ZIKV). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DENV-1
is more closely related to isolates from Brazil. While ZIKV is more closely
related to the Asian lineage, which were isolates from Guatemala and Mexico. We
report some evidence of vertical transmission of DENV-1 in nulliparous females
of Ae. aegypti. The gonotrophic cycle was four and three days
in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The cemetery of Merida is an
important focus of Ae. aegypti proliferation, and these
environments may play a role in arboviruses transmission; probably limiting the
efficacy of attempts to suppress the presence of mosquitoes in domestic
environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Garcia-Rejon
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Armando Ulloa-Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Angelica Pech-May
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Rosa Carmina Cetina-Trejo
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Gabriela Talavera-Aguilar
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Salud Ambiental, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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