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Natural Coinfection between Novel Species of Baculoviruses in Spodoptera ornithogalli Larvae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122520. [PMID: 34960789 PMCID: PMC8703766 DOI: 10.3390/v13122520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest in different crops of economic relevance in America. For its control, strategies that include chemicals are usually used; so, the description of entomopathogens would be very useful for the formulation of biopesticides. In this regard, two different baculoviruses affecting S. ornithogalli were isolated in Colombia, with one of them being an NPV and the other a GV. Ultrastructural, molecular, and biological characterization showed that both isolates possess the 38 core genes and are novel species in Baculoviridae, named as Spodoptera ornithogalli nucleopolyhedrovirus (SporNPV) and Spodoptera ornithogalli granulovirus (SporGV). The bioassays carried out in larvae of S. ornithogalli and S. frugiperda showed infectivity in both hosts but being higher in the first. In addition, it was observed that SporGV potentiates the insecticidal action of SporNPV (maximum value in ratio 2.5:97.5). Both viruses are individually infective but coexist in nature, producing mixed infections with a synergistic effect that improves the performance of the NPV and enables the transmission of the GV, which presents a slowly killing phenotype.
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Specht A, Carneiro E, Roque-Specht VF, Casagrande MM, Venâncio L, Malaquias JV, Bonfin FAD, Vieira PVM. Life history traits of Praina temperata (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): a widely distributed and neglected cutworm of the Neotropics. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.1951639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Specht
- Embrapa Cerrados, Laboratório de Entomologia, Planaltina- DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carneiro
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | | | - Mirna M. Casagrande
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Lidia Venâncio
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo V. M. Vieira
- Instituto Central de Ciências, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darci Ribeiro, Brasília- DF, Brazil
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A novel reference dated phylogeny for the genus Spodoptera Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae): new insights into the evolution of a pest-rich genus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107161. [PMID: 33794395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The noctuid genus Spodoptera currently consists of 31 species with varied host plant breadths, ranging from monophagous and oligophagous non-pest species to polyphagous pests of economic importance. Several of these pest species have become major invaders, colonizing multiple continents outside their native range. Such is the case of the infamous fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), which includes two recognized host strains that have not been treated as separate species. Following its accidental introduction to Africa in 2016, it quickly spread through Africa and Asia to Australia. Given that half the described Spodoptera species cause major crop losses, comparative genomics studies of several Spodoptera species have highlighted major adaptive changes in genetic architecture, possibly relating to their pest status. Several recent population genomics studies conducted on two species enable a more refined understanding of their population structures, migration patterns and invasion processes. Despite growing interest in the genus, the taxonomic status of several Spodoptera species remains unstable and evolutionary studies suffer from the absence of a robust and comprehensive dated phylogenetic framework. We generated mitogenomic data for 14 Spodoptera taxa, which are combined with data from 15 noctuoid outgroups to generate a resolved mitogenomic backbone phylogeny using both concatenation and multi-species coalescent approaches. We combine this backbone with additional mitochondrial and nuclear data to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus. We also carry out comprehensive dating analyses, which implement three distinct calibration strategies based on either primary or secondary fossil calibrations. Our results provide an updated phylogenetic framework for 28 Spodoptera species, identifying two well-supported ecologically diverse clades that are recovered for the first time. Well-studied larvae in each of these clades are characterized by differences in mandibular shape, with one clade's being more specialized on silica-rich C4 grasses. Interestingly, the inferred timeframe for the genus suggests an earlier origin than previously thought for the genus: about 17-18 million years ago.
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Specht A, Dias FMS, San Blas G, Roque-Specht VF, Casagrande MM, Mielke OHH, Montezano DG, Santos IB, Paula-Moraes SV, Hunt TE, Malaquias JV, Bonfin FAD, Vieira PVM. The Granulate Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Biological Parameters Under Controlled Conditions, Host Plants, and Distribution in the Americas. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 33159527 PMCID: PMC7648595 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Feltia subterranea (Fabricius), commonly known as the granulate cutworm, is a common species of owlet moths (Noctuidae) of major agricultural importance, widely distributed in Nearctic and Neotropical regions. This study was conducted to determine the species biological parameters, gather information about its larval host plants, and assess the agricultural significance of this species in the Americas. The viability of the egg, larval, pupal stages, and prepupal period was 98, 98, and 100%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. The average duration of the egg, larval, pupal stages, and prepupal period was 3, 17, 4, and 13 d, respectively. All laboratory-reared larvae developed through five instars. The growth ratio was 1.93 for females and 1.85 for males. The duration of the larval stage was significantly longer in females than in males from the fourth instar. The duration of the pupal stage was significantly shorter in females than in males. When larval and pupal stage durations were combined, there were no significant differences in total development time as a function of sex. In total, 159 botanical taxa belonging to 41 families were recorded as host species for F. subterranea. The families with the greatest number of host species were Fabaceae (22), Poaceae (19), Asteraceae (16), Brassicaceae (13), Solanaceae (12), Amaranthaceae (7), Cucurbitaceae (7), and Malvaceae (5). It is noteworthy that the large number of native weeds used by F. subterranea as host plants could represent a significant source of infestation of crops in the agricultural landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando M S Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Germán San Blas
- INCITAP-CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Vânia F Roque-Specht
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Área Universitária 1, Vila Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | - Mirna M Casagrande
- Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Olaf H H Mielke
- Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Izailda Barbosa Santos
- Entomology & Nematology Department, West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Experiment Road, Jay, FL
| | - Silvana V Paula-Moraes
- Entomology & Nematology Department, West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Experiment Road, Jay, FL
| | - Thomas E Hunt
- Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE
| | | | - Felipe A D Bonfin
- Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Brasília, Campus Planaltina, Rodovia, Zona Rural, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo V M Vieira
- Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Campos Universitário Darci Ribeiro, Instituto Central de Ciências, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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