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Oliveira HKLG, Miranda PN, Ortega JCG, Morato EF. Vertical Stratification of Solitary Bees and Wasps in an Urban Forest from the Brazilian Amazon. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:552-567. [PMID: 38684598 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Solitary bees and wasps that nest in cavities in tree trunks are important components of terrestrial ecosystems, providing pollination services, and in the case of wasps, the regulation of their prey populations. However, little is known about the vertical strata where bees and wasps build their nests. This is especially the case of urban forest remnants in the Amazon, which is relevant in the context of the global crisis in insect losses. We investigated the existence of vertical stratification in the nesting of solitary bees and wasps in an urban forest in Rio Branco, state of Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. We focused on whether wood temperature, ants, and termites are predictors of bee and wasp nesting. We sampled bee and wasp nests in the forest using trap-nests made with wooden blocks containing cavities with three different diameters for twelve months. Trap-nests were installed randomly at three heights in the forest. We collected 145 nests of 25 species, belonging to 11 genera and 6 families. A higher number of nests and species were collected in the upper stratum of the forest, strengthening the hypothesis that there is vertical stratification in the assemblage of solitary bees and wasps. Wood surface temperature and termite attacks on trap-nests were significantly different between strata, which may explain the vertical stratification of bee and wasp assemblages. Considering the importance of these insects for tropical forest ecosystems, the conservation of structurally complex and stratified forests is of paramount importance to maintain the diversity of this insect group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elder Ferreira Morato
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
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Brozoski F, de Lima VA, Ferrari RR, Buschini MLT. Nesting Biology of the Potter Wasp Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) Revealed by Trap-Nest Experiments in Southern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:11-23. [PMID: 36525241 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides the first description of the nesting biology of Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), the only species of the genus found in Brazil. Our trap-nest experiments were conducted in two Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragments and two adjacent matrices in Guarapuava (Paraná state, Brazil) from August 2017 to July 2018. In each area, we set 192 trap nests divided into six groups of 32 units, totalling 768 trap nests. We obtained a total of 47 nests of A. flavomarginatus, the vast majority of them (43, 91.5%) founded in the forest fragments. Most nests were built in wooden traps with a bore diameter of either 5 or 7 mm (19 nests in each type, 80.8%). Nests comprised 1-12 subcylindrical brood cells arranged linearly and separated from one another by transverse partitions of soil mastic. Larvae consumed 6-10 lepidopteran caterpillars before spinning the cocoon. Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus produced up to 6 annual generations (multivoltinism) and its immature forms were parasitized by chrysidid and ichneumonid wasps. The calculated sex ratio (1.78:1) was statistically biased towards males, but since they (21.3 ± 2.0 mg) were significantly lighter than females (50.9 ± 4.0 mg), the resulting investment ratio (1.34:1) was female biased. Males emerged from more external cells and developed significantly faster (27.2 ± 0.46 days) than females (30.1 ± 0.66 days), hence a case of protandry. We demonstrated that A. flavomarginatus is largely dependent on the Atlantic Rainforest and thus that deforestation poses a critical threat to this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Brozoski
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Abelhas e Vespas (LABEVESP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, PR, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Ferrari
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratório de Ecologia Animal e Genômica Ambiental (LEGAM), Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, BA, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Abelhas e Vespas (LABEVESP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, PR, Guarapuava, Brazil.
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Gruchowski-Woitowicz FC, de Oliveira F, Bazílio S, Garcia CT, Castilho JA, de Oliveira FF. What Can Restoration Do for Bee Communities? An Example in the Atlantic Rainforest in Paraná State, Southern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:230-242. [PMID: 35165852 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is a challenge for today. Studies regarding different ecosystems have become extremely important for understanding communities and promoting strategies for conservation, especially those involving forest restoration as strategy to reverse biodiversity loss. We compared bee diversity indices between three remnants of Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil and four adjacent areas that were reforested after shale mining, and which are now under different restoration levels. Seven sites were monitored for over 5 years (2011-2016), by sampling bees directly on flowers or in flight using an entomological net, with 400 collected individuals/site/year. Bee species composition differed between post-mining ages and between sites. In all, we sampled 14.185 specimens and 236 bee species. The introduced Africanized Apis mellifera Linnaeus was the most frequent and abundant species, followed by Trigona spinipes and Psaenythia bergii Holmberg. Among habitats, the reforested area in initial phase showed lower richness and diversity in relation all others sample sites. Conversely, all indices were higher in forest remnants, middle phase II, and advanced phase reforested areas, reinforcing the importance of reforestation for conservation, notably endangered species, such as Oxytrigona sp., Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier), and the solitary species of the genus Hylaeus, all found in the restored areas. These results represent an important contribution for understanding the recovery of the bee fauna in restored mining habitats. The dataset reveals an interesting response in areas that were mined for shale extraction and are now undergoing different levels of restoration, suggesting that older reforested habitats have a higher probability of having a fully recovered bee community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sérgio Bazílio
- Universidade Estadual do Paraná (Unespar), União da Vitória, PR, Brasil
| | - Caroline Tito Garcia
- Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Instituto de Biologia (IBIO), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - José Augusto Castilho
- Petrobras - Unidade de Industrialização do Xisto (SIX), São Mateus do Sul, PR, Brasil
| | - Favízia Freitas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Instituto de Biologia (IBIO), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
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de Araújo GJ, Izzo TJ, Storck-Tonon D, Paolucci LN, Didham RK. Re-establishment of cavity-nesting bee and wasp communities along a reforestation gradient in southern Amazonia. Oecologia 2021; 196:275-288. [PMID: 33871689 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global initiatives to reforest degraded areas have intensified in recent years, in an attempt to reverse the environmental impacts of habitat loss on species and ecosystem provided by them. However, the effectiveness of such reforestation initiatives in re-establishing biodiversity is still poorly understood. Here, we test how reforestation type and intensity applied to deforested areas affect the reestablishment of communities of cavity-nesting bees and wasps. We deployed experimental trap-nests along a reforestation gradient of increasing structural similarity to primary forest, after 18 years of reforestation. We found that reestablishment, in terms of abundance and richness of both bees and wasps, was greatest at an intermediate point along the reforestation gradient. However, these communities were highly dissimilar to primary forest, and recovery of intact insect community composition was only achieved when reforestation was more similar in structure to natural forests. This effect was more pronounced for bees than for wasps. Our findings suggest that along the reforestation gradient, services provided by wasps will be more easily recovered than those provided by bees. Our results have important implications for the challenges of restoring and maintaining species biodiversity as well as their associated ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Júnior de Araújo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Junqueira Izzo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Storck-Tonon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola, Universidade DO Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, 78300-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas N Paolucci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Perth, 6014, Australia
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de Deus JPA, Queiros CN, Buschini MLT. Nesting Biology of the Solitary Wasp Pisoxylon amenkei (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Trypoxylini) in a Neotropical Hotspot of Southern Brazil. Zool Stud 2021; 60:e5. [PMID: 34322171 PMCID: PMC8292843 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2021.60-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pisoxylon amenkei is a specie of solitary wasp that builds its nests in pre-existing cavities; it has only been recorded nesting in the Araucaria forest, one of the Atlantic forest phytophysiognomies and a biodiversity hotspot. So far, the only information on the biology of the genus Pisoxylon is based on one species. In addition, the genus has many similarities to Trypoxylon, showing an increased need for studies on the biology of these species of wasps. In the present study, we introduce unpublished information about Pisoxylon amenkei nesting biology and described many aspects of its natural history. Research was carried out between August 2017 and August 2019, in a rural area of Guarapuava municipality, Paraná, Brazil. Pisoxylon amenkei nested only in fragmented parts of Araucaria forest, during summer and autumn. It is a multivoltine species, and thus remains in diapause, in the pre-pupa phase during winter and spring. Their nests had an interior design similar to that of Pisoxylon xanthosoma and some Trypoxylon species, such as Trypoxylon lactitarse and Trypoxylon agamenon. Moreover, the sex ratio of P. amenkei was 1: 1, which can be linked to an equal cost in the production of females and males. Like other species of Pisoxylon, P. amenkei nests primarily in forest areas. In southern Brazil, it nests in fragments of Araucaria forest, which are threatened. Therefore, more efforts are needed to preserve these remaining fragments; a failure to do so could have devastating results, considering the number of threatened species that these forests house. We conclude that further studies should focus on the phylogeny of the group and use molecular analyses to clarify the hypothesis of Antropov (1998), that Pisoxylon should be classified as a subgenus of Trypoxylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pablo Alves de Deus
- Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste -UNICENTRO, Guarapuava -PR, 85040-167. E-mail: (Deus); (Queiros); (Buschini)
| | - Caroline Nepomuceno Queiros
- Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste -UNICENTRO, Guarapuava -PR, 85040-167. E-mail: (Deus); (Queiros); (Buschini)
| | - Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini
- Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Campus CEDETEG, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste -UNICENTRO, Guarapuava -PR, 85040-167. E-mail: (Deus); (Queiros); (Buschini)
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Araújo GJ, Stork‐Tonon D, Izzo TJ. Temporal stability of cavity‐nesting bee and wasp communities in different types of reforestation in southeastern Amazonia. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J. Araújo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Av. Fernando Corrêa Cuiabá Mato Grosso 78060‐900 Brazil
| | - Danielle Stork‐Tonon
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Tangará da Serra 78300‐000 Brazil
| | - Thiago J. Izzo
- Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Av. Fernando Corrêa Cuiabá Mato Grosso 78060‐900 Brazil
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