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Wang K, Qiu H, Chen F, Cai P, Qi F. Considering traditional Chinese medicine as adjunct therapy in the management of chronic constipation by regulating intestinal flora. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:127-140. [PMID: 38522913 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Due to changes in diet, lifestyle, and the aging population, the incidence of chronic constipation has increased year by year. It has had an impact on daily life and poses a considerable economic burden. Nowadays, many patients with chronic constipation try to seek help from complementary and alternative therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often their choice. The intestinal flora play an important role in the pathogenesis of constipation by affecting the body's metabolism, secretion, and immunity. Regulating the intestinal flora and optimizing its composition might become an important prevention and treatment for chronic constipation. TCM has unique advantages in regulating the imbalance of intestinal flora, and its curative effect is precise. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between intestinal flora and chronic constipation as well as advances in research on TCM as adjunct therapy in the management of chronic constipation by regulating intestinal flora. Some single Chinese herbs and their active ingredients (e.g., Rheum palmatum, Radix Astragalus, and Cistanche deserticola), some traditional herbal formulations (e.g., Jichuan decoction, Zengye decoction, and Zhizhu decoction) and some Chinese patent medicines (e.g., Maren pills and Shouhui Tongbian capsules) that are commonly used to treat chronic constipation by regulating intestinal flora are highlighted and summarized. Moreover, some external forms of TCM, and especially acupuncture, have also been found to improve intestinal movement and alleviate constipation symptoms by regulating intestinal flora. We hope this review can contribute to an understanding of TCM as an adjunct therapy for chronic constipation and that it can provide useful information for the development of more effective constipation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Gynecology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Pingping Cai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fanghua Qi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
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Lan J, Deng Z, Wang Q, Li D, Fan K, Chang J, Ma Y. Neuropeptide substance P attenuates colitis by suppressing inflammation and ferroptosis via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2507-2531. [PMID: 38725846 PMCID: PMC11077368 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.94548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide substance P (SP) belongs to a family of bioactive peptides and regulates many human diseases. This study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of SP in colitis. Here, activated SP-positive neurons and increased SP expression were observed in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis lesions in mice. Administration of exogenous SP efficiently ameliorated the clinical symptoms, impaired intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, SP protected mitochondria from damage caused by DSS or TNF-α exposure, preventing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage into the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. SP can also directly prevent STING phosphorylation through the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), thereby inhibiting the activation of the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that SP alleviated the DSS or TNF-α-induced ferroptosis process, which was associated with repressing the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Notably, we identified that the NK1R inhibition reversed the effects of SP on inflammation and ferroptosis via the cGAS-STING pathway. Collectively, we unveil that SP attenuates inflammation and ferroptosis via suppressing the mtDNA-cGAS-STING or directly acting on the STING pathway, contributing to improving colitis in an NK1R-dependent manner. These findings provide a novel mechanism of SP regulating ulcerative colitis (UC) disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li X, Wang X, Wang Z, Guan J. Baizhu-Baishao herb pair ameliorates functional constipation and intestinal microflora disorder in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:598-608. [PMID: 37859536 PMCID: PMC10757208 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Biazhu-Baishao, BZBS) is a classic herb pair used to treat intestinal stress syndrome, ulcerative colitis and other diseases. However, the mechanism of BZBS in the treatment of functional constipation (FC) has been little studied and remains unclear. In this study, a behavioral investigation, colon tissue morphology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and intestinal microflora analysis have been used to illuminate the potential mechanism of the effects of BZBS on FC in a rat model. METHODS A FC rat model was constructed and BZBS was given as treatment. Observations and recordings were made of the fecal moisture content, the defecation time of the first black stool, and the rate of intestinal propulsion. Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the colon. To ascertain the composition of the microbial community, a high throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technique was employed. RESULTS Oral administration of BZBS significantly ameliorated several key excretion parameters, including the time to first black stool defecation, stool water content, and the propulsion rate in the small intestine in FC rats. It increased the expression of SP, VIP and 5-HT in the colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that BZBS changed the microbial community structure, decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased the relative abundance of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter, and decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia. CONCLUSIONS BZBS effectively alleviates FC and improves dysbacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Bubeck M, Becker C, Patankar JV. Guardians of the gut: influence of the enteric nervous system on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1228938. [PMID: 37692784 PMCID: PMC10485265 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal surface forms one of the largest areas of the body, which is in direct contact with the environment. Co-ordinated sensory functions of immune, epithelial, and neuronal cells ensure the timely detection of noxious queues and potential pathogens and elicit proportional responses to mitigate the threats and maintain homeostasis. Such tuning and maintenance of the epithelial barrier is constantly ongoing during homeostasis and its derangement can become a gateway for systemic consequences. Although efforts in understanding the gatekeeping functions of immune cells have led the way, increasing number of studies point to a crucial role of the enteric nervous system in fine-tuning and maintaining this delicate homeostasis. The identification of immune regulatory functions of enteric neuropeptides and glial-derived factors is still in its infancy, but has already yielded several intriguing insights into their important contribution to the tight control of the mucosal barrier. In this review, we will first introduce the reader to the current understanding of the architecture of the enteric nervous system and the epithelial barrier. Next, we discuss the key discoveries and cellular pathways and mediators that have emerged as links between the enteric nervous, immune, and epithelial systems and how their coordinated actions defend against intestinal infectious and inflammatory diseases. Through this review, the readers will gain a sound understanding of the current neuro-immune-epithelial mechanisms ensuring intestinal barrier integrity and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Bubeck
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay V. Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Wang Z, Shi Y, Zeng S, Zheng Y, Wang H, Liao H, Song J, Zhang X, Cao J, Li C. Polysaccharides from Holothuria leucospilota Relieve Loperamide-Induced Constipation Symptoms in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032553. [PMID: 36768874 PMCID: PMC9916744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A vital bioactive component of marine resources is Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP). This study examined whether HLP could regulate intestinal flora to treat loperamide-induced constipation. Constipated mice showed signs of prolonged defecation (up by 60.79 min) and a reduced number of bowel movements and pellet water content (decreased by 12.375 and 11.77%, respectively). The results showed that HLP treatment reduced these symptoms, reversed the changes in related protein expression levels in the colon, and regulated the levels of active peptides associated with the gastrointestinal tract in constipated mice, which significantly improved water-electrolyte metabolism and enhanced gastrointestinal motility. Meanwhile, it was found that intestinal barrier damage was reduced and the inflammatory response was inhibited through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. As a means to further relieve constipation symptoms, treatment with low, medium, and high HLP concentrations increased the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the intestine of constipated mice by 62.60 μg/g, 138.91 μg/g, and 126.51 μg/g, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of the intestinal flora's gene for 16S rRNA suggested that the intestinal microbiota was improved through HLP treatment, which is relevant to the motivation for the production of SCFAs. In summary, it was demonstrated that HLP reduced loperamide-induced constipation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yali Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiyu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-089-8662-56495 (C.L.)
| | - Huaijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haihui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-089-8662-56495 (C.L.)
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Ren B, Fu S, Liu Y, Kang J, Wang B, Yao Z, Wang H, Sun D. Dioscin ameliorates slow transit constipation in mice by up-regulation of the BMP2 secreted by muscularis macrophages. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1132-1140. [PMID: 36246057 PMCID: PMC9526884 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64683.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The loss of enteric neurons has been shown to be a major cause of slow transit constipation (STC). Gut microbiota and muscularis macrophages (MMs) are associated with the enteric nervous system (ENS) development and gastrointestinal (GI) motility. This study aimed to investigate whether Dioscin (DIO) increased GI motility and inhibited neuron loss by modulating gut microbiota profile, improving inflammation in the ENS microenvironment. Materials and Methods The STC model was established by loperamide. The alteration of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus (LMMP) from the colon were prepared for flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Results DIO increased the stool number, stool water content and shortened whole gut transit time, helped to recover the gut microbial diversity and microbiota community structure, and increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in STC mice. Compared with the STC group, the number of MMs and the level of the iNOS, IL-6, and TNFα genes were significantly decreased following DIO treatment. Moreover, DIO may increase the number of HuC/D+ neurons per ganglion by up-regulating the BMP2 secreted by MMs and activating the BMP2/p-Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the level of excitatory neurotransmitter AchE in colon tissues exhibited a substantial increase in the DIO group. However, the level of inhibitory neurotransmitter VIP was markedly decreased. Conclusion Our results provide that DIO increases GI motility and inhibits neuron loss by modulating gut microbiota profile, improving inflammation in the ENS microenvironment and up-regulating the BMP2 secreted by MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Ren
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - SiQi Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - JianYu Kang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - ZhiWei Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding authors: Da-Qing Sun. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300052, China. , Hao Wang. Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - DaQing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding authors: Da-Qing Sun. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300052, China. , Hao Wang. Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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7
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Du Y, Chen J, Shen L, Wang B. TRP channels in inflammatory bowel disease: potential therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rao K, Qin S, Yang Y, Zhan K, Wu H, Zheng H, Huang S. Shenling Baizhu Powder Alleviates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats by Improving Intestinal Epithelial Permeability and Inhibiting Inflammation Through the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883918. [PMID: 35571126 PMCID: PMC9096158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of shenling baizhu powder (SBP) on TNBS-induced colitis. Methods: Rats were given TNBS to establish the model of colitis and subsequently treated with different doses of SBP or mesalamine (MES). In addition, the expression of the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and critical targets of the intestinal mucosal barrier was detected by immunochemical analysis techniques. Results: SBP significantly ameliorated the symptoms of TNBS-induced colitis in rats and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SBP could effectively strengthen epithelial barrier integrity in TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the secretion of mucin and tight junction and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified the crucial role of the TLR5/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in exerting the therapeutic effect of SBP. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that SBP has therapeutic effects on TNBS-induced colitis and potential value in treating and maintaining remission of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Rao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanming Yang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomeng Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Zheng, ; Shaogang Huang,
| | - Shaogang Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Zheng, ; Shaogang Huang,
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Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz Albor AA, Cárdenas Jaramillo LM, Gutiérrez-Meza JM, Falfán-Valencia R, Mendoza Arroyo B, Yépez-Ortega M, Pacheco-Yépez J, Abarca-Rojano E. CD4 +/IL‑4 + lymphocytes of the lamina propria and substance P promote colonic protection during acute stress. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:63. [PMID: 34958108 PMCID: PMC8767552 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Life stress may influence symptom onset and severity in certain gastrointestinal disorders in association with a dysregulated intestinal barrier. It has been widely accepted that stress triggers the hypothalamus‑pituitary‑adrenal (HPA) axis, releasing corticosterone, which promotes intestinal permeability. In response, colonic inflammation alters mucosal immune homeostasis and destroys the colonic architecture, leading to severe intestinal diseases. Endogenous substance P (SP) does not inhibit the initial extent of the HPA axis response to restraint stress, but it reduces the duration of the stress, suggesting that SP plays an important role in the transition between acute and chronic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two groups of mice exposed to stress, including acute and chronic stress. The corticosterone was evaluated by ELISA, colon samples were obtained to detected polymorphonuclear cells by hematoxylin and eosin staining, goblet and mast cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and cytokine‑producing CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry assays, adhesion proteins in the colon epithelium by western blotting and serum SP levels by ELISA. The results demonstrated an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear, goblet and mast cells, a decrease in claudin‑1 expression and an elevation in E‑cadherin expression during acute stress. Increased E‑cadherin expression was also detected during chronic stress. Moreover, it was found that acute stress caused a shift towards a predominantly anti‑inflammatory immune response (T helper 2 cells), as shown by the increase in the percentage of CD4+/IL‑6+ and CD4+/IL4+ lymphocytes in the lamina propria and the increase in serum SP. In conclusion, this response promoted colonic protection during acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz Albor
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Luz María Cárdenas Jaramillo
- Morphology Coordination, Department of Basic Disciplinary Training, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Juan Manuel Gutiérrez-Meza
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
- Morphology Coordination, Department of Basic Disciplinary Training, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Belen Mendoza Arroyo
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Mariazell Yépez-Ortega
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
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Transdermal Administration of Volatile Oil from Citrus aurantium-Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Alleviates Constipation in Rats by Altering Host Metabolome and Intestinal Microbiota Composition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9965334. [PMID: 35087623 PMCID: PMC8789429 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9965334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The Citrus aurantium- (ZhiShi, ZS-) Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BaiZhu, BZ) pairs are often found in herbal formulas for constipation. The volatile oils of ZS and BZ (ZBVO) have good pharmacological activity against constipation, but the mechanism for treatment of slow transit constipation (STC) remains unclear. Method A rat model using diphenoxylate tablets was constructed to investigate if transdermal administration of ZBVO would mediate intestinal microorganisms and fecal metabolites and improve STC symptoms. The regulatory effects of ZBVO at 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mL kg−1 d−1 on STC rats were assessed by measuring fecal water content, intestinal propulsion rate, histopathology, expression of gastrointestinal hormones, brain and intestinal peptides, and inflammatory factors. The changes in intestinal flora of STC rats were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, the untargeted fecal metabolomics analysis was performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology. Results The results showed that ZBVO had a modulating effect on STC by increasing the fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate. Transdermal administration of ZBVO decreased serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increased the levels of gastrin (GAS) and substance P (SP). In addition, ZBVO increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels and decreased vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in colon and hippocampus tissues. The results of intestinal microbiota showed that ZBVO improved the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota and changed the community composition by decreasing Romboutsia and increasing Proteobacteria, Allobaculum, and Ruminococcaceae. And the feces metabolomics found that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis were modulated. Conclusion These findings suggest that ZBVO can alleviate STC symptoms by promoting intestinal peristalsis, increasing fecal water content, regulating gastrointestinal hormone level, reducing the inflammatory response, and regulating brain and intestinal peptides after transdermal administration. And structural changes in the intestinal microbiota are closely related to host metabolism and intestinal microbiota destroyed in STC modeling could be significantly improved by the ZBVO, which provides a reference for the development of aromatic drug macrohealth products.
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Kaur H, Gupta T, Kapila S, Kapila R. Protective effects of potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC-5897) fermented whey on reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier function in a colitis-induced murine model. Food Funct 2021; 12:6102-6116. [PMID: 34047732 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods provide essential nutritional components and bioactive molecules that have beneficial effects on several gastrointestinal disorders. In the present investigation, the potential protective effects of whey fermented with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC-5897 on gastrointestinal health in a murine ulcerative colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were evaluated. Pre-consumption of whey fermented with probiotic L. rhamnosus (PFW) before colitis induction significantly reduced (p < 0.01) the disease activity index and improved (p < 0.05) the hematological parameters and histological scores. The considerably diminished levels (p < 0.01) of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-4, TNF-α, CRP and MPO activity) and the enhanced (p < 0.05) levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β with IgA in the intestine upon feeding PFW appeared to prevent inflammation on colitis induction. Transcriptional modulations in pathogen recognition receptors (TLR-2/4) and tight junctional genes (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1) along with localized distribution of junctional (claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1) and cytoskeleton (actin) proteins improved immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity. Besides, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) levels of the FITC-dextran marker in serum upon consumption of PFW directly confirmed the healthy status of the host gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
| | - Taruna Gupta
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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Chandraiah SB, Ghosh S, Saha I, More SS, Annappa GS, Maiti AK. Substance P failed to reverse dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction: implications in ulcerative colitis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:199. [PMID: 33927989 PMCID: PMC8006204 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As controversy exists about the efficacy of substance P (SP) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) with no previous study highlighting the impact of SP on mitochondrial dysfunction in this diseased condition, it became logical to perform the present study. C57BL/6 J mice were administered with DSS @ 3.5%/gm body weight for 3 cycles of 5 days each followed by i.v. dose of SP @ 5nmole per kg for consecutive 7 days. Histopathological features were noticed in the affected colon along with colonic mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in mitochondrial stress variables and enhanced colonic cell death. Interestingly, SP failed to reverse colitic features and proved ineffective in inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Unexpectedly SP alone seemed to impart detrimental effects on some of the mitochondrial functions, enhanced lipid peroxidation and increased staining intensities for caspases 3 and 9 in the normal colon. To substantiate in vivo findings and to assess free radical scavenging property of SP, Caco-2 cells were exposed to DSS with or without SP in the presence and absence of specific free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Interestingly, in vitro treatment with SP failed to restore mitochondrial functions and its efficacy proved below par compared to SOD and DMSO indicating involvement of O2 •- and •OH in the progression of UC. Besides, catalase, L-NAME and MEG proved ineffective indicating non-involvement of H2O2, NO and ONOO- in UC. Thus, SP may not be a potent anti-colitogenic agent targeting colonic mitochondrial dysfunction for maintenance of colon epithelial tract as it lacks free radical scavenging property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthi B. Chandraiah
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, SM Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Shashwati Ghosh
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, 88, College Street, College Square, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Sunil S. More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, SM Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Gautham S. Annappa
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, SM Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Arpan K. Maiti
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, SM Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078 India
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013 India
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13
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Neurokinin receptors and their implications in various autoimmune diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:66-78. [PMID: 35492389 PMCID: PMC9040085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin receptors belong to the GPCRs family and are ubiquitously expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Neurokinin receptors in coordination with neurokinins playing an important role in many physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, proliferation, and nociception. They also contribute to various disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and cancer. Neurokinin receptors antagonist are potent and highly selective and showing success in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, discuss the various neurokinin receptor expression on immune cells and their importance in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and their therapeutic importance. The Neurokinin receptor is an important regulatory mechanism to control the neuronal and immune systems. Various neurokinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R) are expressed in neurons and cells of the immune system. Substance P (SP) controls the differentiation and function of immune cells. SP-NK1R receptor signaling shows substantial cross-talk between neuronal and immune systems in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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14
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Rychlik A, Gonkowski S, Makowska K, Kaczmar E, Calka J. Changes in the expression of substance P in nerve fibres of the colonic mucosa in dogs suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:154-159. [PMID: 33055307 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to its difficult diagnosis and complicated treatment, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is a challenge for the veterinarian. Several aspects connected with pathological changes during IBD still remain unknown. Since one of these aspects is the participation of intestinal innervation in the evolution of the disease, the aim of this study was to demonstrate changes in the number and distribution of intramucosal colonic nerve fibres immunoreactive to substance P (SP) arising as the disease progresses. SP is one of the most important neuronal factors in intestinal innervation which, among other tasks, takes part in the conduction of pain stimuli. Using routine immunofluorescence technique, the density of nerve fibres containing SP was evaluated within mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the descending colon of healthy dogs and animals suffering from IBD of varying severity. The results of the study indicate that during severe IBD the number of nerve fibres containing SP located in the colonic mucosal layer increases in comparison to control animals. The number of SP-positive intramucosal nerves amounted to 10.99 ± 2.11 nerves per observation field in healthy dogs, 14.62 ± 2.86 in dogs with mild IBD, 14.80 ± 0.91 in dogs with moderate IBD and 19.03 ± 6.11 in animals with severe IBD. The observed changes were directly proportional to the intensity of the disease process. These observations may suggest a role of this neuronal substance in pathological processes occurring during IBD. Although the exact mechanism of the observed changes has not been completely explained, the results obtained in this investigation may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, as well as the staging of canine IBD in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Rychlik
- 1Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- 2Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krystyna Makowska
- 1Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczmar
- 1Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Calka
- 2Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Jiang H, Dong J, Jiang S, Liang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ma C, Wang J, Kang W. Effect of Durio zibethinus rind polysaccharide on functional constipation and intestinal microbiota in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109316. [PMID: 32846524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of constipation increases rapidly with the increased pressure of some people's life, which seriously affects the quality of life in related patients. In this study, the improvement of functional constipation by Durio zibethinus Murr rind polysaccharide (DZMP) and the effects of DZMP on intestinal microbiota were investigated in a constipation model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats established by loperamide hydrochloride. Results showed that DZMP at 200 mg/kg could significantly (P < 0.05) increase the intestinal transit rate, motilin, gastrin, substance P levels and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce the somatostatin levels and improve the gastrointestinal peristalsis of rats. Sequencing showed that the Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group in the rats given 200 mg/kg DZMP (16.07%) was significantly higher than that of the model group (10.13%), while the Desulfovibrio was lower (2.99%) than that of the model group (4.19%). Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota composition between the model group and the high-dose DZMP group (200 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that DZMP has a regulatory effect of treating functional constipation and regulating intestinal flora in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Dong
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiongxin Liang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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16
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Lee H, Son YS, Lee MO, Ryu JW, Park K, Kwon O, Jung KB, Kim K, Ryu TY, Baek A, Kim J, Jung CR, Ryu CM, Park YJ, Han TS, Kim DS, Cho HS, Son MY. Low-dose interleukin-2 alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by recovering intestinal integrity and inhibiting AKT-dependent pathways. Theranostics 2020; 10:5048-5063. [PMID: 32308767 PMCID: PMC7163458 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several phase 1/2 clinical trials showed that low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) treatment is a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease, hepatitis C virus-induced vasculitis, and type 1 diabetes. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon that lacks satisfactory treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of low-dose IL-2 as a therapeutic for UC on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Mice with DSS-induced colitis were intraperitoneally injected with low-dose IL-2. Survival, body weight, disease activity index, colon length, histopathological score, myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cytokine levels as well as intestinal barrier integrity were examined. Differential gene expression after low-dose IL-2 treatment was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Results: Low-dose IL-2 significantly improved the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and immune cell infiltration. The most effective dose range of IL-2 was 16K-32K IU/day. Importantly, low-dose IL-2 was effective in ameliorating the disruption of epithelial barrier integrity in DSS-induced colitis tissues by restoring tight junction proteins and mucin production and suppressing apoptosis. The colon tissue of DSS-induced mice exposed to low-dose IL-2 mimic gene expression patterns in the colons of control mice. Furthermore, we identified the crucial role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in exerting the therapeutic effect of low-dose IL-2. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that low-dose IL-2 has therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis and potential clinical value in treating UC.
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Chen Y, Mu J, Zhu M, Mukherjee A, Zhang H. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32153564 PMCID: PMC7044176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are present in abundance across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, serving as detectors for a variety of stimuli and secondary transducers for G-protein coupled receptors. The activation of TRP channels triggers neurogenic inflammation with related neuropeptides and initiates immune reactions by extra-neuronally regulating immune cells, contributing to the GI homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), TRP channels are involved in intestinal inflammation. An increasing number of human and animal studies have indicated that TRP channels are correlated to the visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) and immune pathogenesis in IBD, leading to an exacerbation or amelioration of the VHS or intestinal inflammation. Thus, TRP channels are a promising target for novel therapeutic methods for IBD. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of TRP channels, especially their potential roles in immunity and IBD. Additionally, we discuss the contradictory findings of prior studies and offer new insights with regard to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxi Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Kim D, Chung JJ, Jung Y, Kim SH. The effect of Substance P/Heparin conjugated PLCL polymer coating of bioinert ePTFE vascular grafts on the recruitment of both ECs and SMCs for accelerated regeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17083. [PMID: 31745143 PMCID: PMC6863833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial vascular grafts consisting of ePTFE have been mainly used in clinics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, artificial grafts can become clogged after a long time due to thrombosis, as graft maturation by endothelialization is limited. The strategy introduced in this study is to induce graft remodeling through interaction between the bioinert graft and the body. The Substance P (SP) and heparin were covalently conjugated with PLCL, an elastic biocompatible copolymer and the Substance P-conjugated PLCL (SP-PLCL) and/or heparin-conjugated PLCL (Hep-PLCL) were vacuum-coated onto ePTFE vascular grafts. To assess the effectiveness of the coating, coated samples were evaluated by implanting them subcutaneously into SD-Rats. Coatings allow grafts to be remodeled by creating a microenvironment where cells can grow by infiltrating into the grafts while also greatly enhancing angiogenesis. In particular, a double coating of Hep-PLCL and SP-PLCL (Hep/SP-PLCL) at four weeks showed markedly improved vascular remodeling through the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular cells (ECs, SMCs) and M2 macrophages. Based on these results, it is expected that when the Hep/SP-PLCL-coated ePTFE vascular grafts are implanted in situ, long-term patency will be assured due to the appropriate formation of an endothelial layer and smooth muscle cells in the grafts like native vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghak Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Vargas-Robles H, Castro-Ochoa KF, Citalán-Madrid AF, Schnoor M. Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4181-4198. [PMID: 31435172 PMCID: PMC6700707 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide. The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold, and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis. While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable, chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases) are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation. There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. Unfortunately, most drugs can have severe side effects. Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models, and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies. Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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