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Xelhuantzi MSC, Ghete D, Milburn A, Ioannou S, Mudd P, Calder G, Ramos J, O'Toole PJ, Genever PG, MacDonald C. High-resolution live cell imaging to define ultrastructural and dynamic features of the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060519. [PMID: 39078271 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some budding yeasts have proved tractable and intensely studied models, others are more recalcitrant. Debaryomyces hansenii, an important yeast species in food and biotechnological industries with curious physiological characteristics, has proved difficult to manipulate genetically and remains poorly defined. To remedy this, we have combined live cell fluorescent dyes with high-resolution imaging techniques to define the sub-cellular features of D. hansenii, such as the mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles and the cell wall. Using these tools, we define biological processes like the cell cycle, organelle inheritance and various membrane trafficking pathways of D. hansenii for the first time. Beyond this, reagents designed to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins were used to access proteomic information about D. hansenii. Finally, we optimised the use of label-free holotomography to image yeast, defining the physical parameters and visualising sub-cellular features like membranes and vacuoles. Not only does this work shed light on D. hansenii but this combinatorial approach serves as a template for how other cell biological systems, which are not amenable to standard genetic procedures, can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S C Xelhuantzi
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Daniel Ghete
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Amy Milburn
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Savvas Ioannou
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Phoebe Mudd
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Grant Calder
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Peter J O'Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Paul G Genever
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
| | - Chris MacDonald
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD,UK
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2
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Fioriti S, Brescini L, Pallotta F, Canovari B, Morroni G, Barchiesi F. Antifungal Combinations against Candida Species: From Bench to Bedside. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101077. [PMID: 36294642 PMCID: PMC9605143 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. is the major causative agent of fungal infections in hospitalized patients and the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI). The availability of standardized methods for testing the in vitro activity of antifungals along with the expanding of antifungal armamentarium, the rising of drug-resistance and the persistence of a high mortality rate in systemic candidiasis have led to an increased interest in combination therapy. Therefore, we aimed to review the scientific literature concerning the antifungal combinations against Candida. A literature search performed in PubMed yielded 92 studies published from 2000 to 2021: 29 articles referring to in vitro studies, six articles referring to either in vitro and in vivo (i.e., animal models) studies and 57 clinical articles. Pre-clinical studies involved 735 isolates of Candida species and 12 unique types of antifungal combination approaches including azoles plus echinocandins (19%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%), polyenes plus azoles (13%), polyenes plus 5-flucytosine ([5-FC], 13%), azoles plus 5-FC (11%) and other types of combinations (28%). Results varied greatly, often being species-, drug- and methodology-dependent. Some combinatorial regimens exerted a synergistic effect against difficult-to-treat Candida species (i.e., azoles plus echinocandins; polyenes plus 5-FC) or they were more effective than monotherapy in prevent or reducing biofilm formation and in speeding the clearance of infected tissues (i.e., polyenes plus echinocandins). In 283 patients with documented Candida infections (>90% systemic candidiasis/BSI), an antifungal combination approach could be evaluated. Combinations included: azoles plus echinocandins (36%), 5-FC-combination therapies (24%), polyenes plus azoles (18%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%) and other types of combination therapy (6%). Case reports describing combination therapies yielded favorable response in most cases, including difficult-to-treat fungal infections (i.e., endocarditis, osteoarticular infections, CNS infections) or difficult-to-treat fungal pathogens. The only randomized trial comparing amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AMB) plus FLU vs. AMB alone for treatment of BSI in nonneutropenic patients showed that the combination trended toward improved success and more-rapid clearance from the bloodstream. In summary, antifungal combinations against Candida have produced great interest in the past two decades. To establish whether this approach can become a reliable treatment option, additional in vitro and clinical data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fioriti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Canovari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-6298; Fax: +39-071-220-6297
| | - Francesco Barchiesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
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3
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Jeong DM, Yoo SJ, Jeon MS, Chun BH, Han DM, Jeon CO, Eyun SI, Seo YJ, Kang HA. Genomic features, aroma profiles, and probiotic potential of the Debaryomyces hansenii species complex strains isolated from Korean soybean fermented food. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104011. [PMID: 35473972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soybean products are gaining attention in the food industry owing to their nutritive value and health benefits. In this study, we performed genomic analysis and physiological characterization of two Debaryomyces spp. yeast isolates obtained from a Korean traditional fermented soy sauce "ganjang". Both Debaryomyces hansenii ganjang isolates KD2 and C11 showed halotolerance to concentrations of up to 15% NaCl and improved growth in the presence of salt. Ploidy and whole-genome sequencing analyses indicated that the KD2 genome is haploid, whereas the C11 genome is heterozygous diploid with two distinctive subgenomes. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis using intron sequences indicated that the C11 strain was generated via hybridization between D. hansenii and D. tyrocola ancestor strains. The D. hansenii KD2 and D. hansenii-hybrid C11 produced various volatile flavor compounds associated with butter, caramel, cheese, and fruits, and showed high bioconversion activity from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, a characteristic flavor compound of soybean products. Both KD2 and C11 exhibited viability in the presence of bile salts and at low pH and showed immunomodulatory activity to induce high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The safety of the yeast isolates was confirmed by analyzing virulence and acute oral toxicity. Together, the D. hansenii ganjang isolates possess physiological properties beneficial for improving the flavor and nutritional value of fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Min Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Byung Hee Chun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Han
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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4
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Willaert RG, Kayacan Y, Devreese B. The Flo Adhesin Family. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111397. [PMID: 34832553 PMCID: PMC8621652 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the infection of fungal pathogens in humans is the adhesion of the pathogen to host tissue cells or abiotic surfaces such as catheters and implants. One of the main players involved in this are the expressed cell wall adhesins. Here, we review the Flo adhesin family and their involvement in the adhesion of these yeasts during human infections. Firstly, we redefined the Flo adhesin family based on the domain architectures that are present in the Flo adhesins and their functions, and set up a new classification of Flo adhesins. Next, the structure, function, and adhesion mechanisms of the Flo adhesins whose structure has been solved are discussed in detail. Finally, we identified from Pfam database datamining yeasts that could express Flo adhesins and are encountered in human infections and their adhesin architectures. These yeasts are discussed in relation to their adhesion characteristics and involvement in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie G. Willaert
- Research Group Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Alliance Research Group VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology (NAMI), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- International Joint Research Group VUB-EPFL NanoBiotechnology & NanoMedicine (NANO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2629-1846
| | - Yeseren Kayacan
- Research Group Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Alliance Research Group VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology (NAMI), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- International Joint Research Group VUB-EPFL NanoBiotechnology & NanoMedicine (NANO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Devreese
- Alliance Research Group VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology (NAMI), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- International Joint Research Group VUB-EPFL NanoBiotechnology & NanoMedicine (NANO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Gent University (UGent), 9000 Gent, Belgium
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5
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New Cytoplasmic Virus-Like Elements (VLEs) in the Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090615. [PMID: 34564619 PMCID: PMC8472843 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts can have additional genetic information in the form of cytoplasmic linear dsDNA molecules called virus-like elements (VLEs). Some of them encode killer toxins. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of such elements in D. hansenii killer yeast deposited in culture collections as well as in strains freshly isolated from blue cheeses. Possible benefits to the host from harboring such VLEs were analyzed. VLEs occurred frequently among fresh D. hansenii isolates (15/60 strains), as opposed to strains obtained from culture collections (0/75 strains). Eight new different systems were identified: four composed of two elements and four of three elements. Full sequences of three new VLE systems obtained by NGS revealed extremely high conservation among the largest molecules in these systems except for one ORF, probably encoding a protein resembling immunity determinant to killer toxins of VLE origin in other yeast species. ORFs that could be potentially involved in killer activity due to similarity to genes encoding proteins with domains of chitin-binding/digesting and deoxyribonuclease NucA/NucB activity, could be distinguished in smaller molecules. However, the discovered VLEs were not involved in the biocontrol of Yarrowia lipolytica and Penicillium roqueforti present in blue cheeses.
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6
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Pérez-Cantero A, Guarro J. Current knowledge on the etiology and epidemiology of Scopulariopsis infections. Med Mycol 2020; 58:145-155. [PMID: 31329937 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopulariopsis is a common fungus in the environment, characterized by its intrinsic resistance to the available antifungal drugs. Around 70 cases of infection by this fungus have been described in the literature. Pulmonary and disseminated infections are the most common and their treatment is difficult; therefore, very diverse approaches have been taken, with varied results. A successful outcome has been reported in only a few cases, generally attributed to a multitreatment strategy combining medical and surgical procedures that ultimately led to the resection of the infected tissue if possible, identification of the mould, and an aggressive long-term antifungal therapy. Although most of the infections are caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a few other species have also been linked to these cases, although molecular evidence has not been proven for all of them. On this basis, more knowledge on the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these unusual infections would improve their management. This review aims to compile the current data on Scopulariopsis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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7
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de Menezes GC, Amorim SS, Gonçalves VN, Godinho VM, Simões JC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, Distribution, and Ecology of Fungi in the Seasonal Snow of Antarctica. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E445. [PMID: 31614720 PMCID: PMC6843862 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the fungal community found in the winter seasonal snow of the Antarctic Peninsula. From the samples of snow, 234 fungal isolates were obtained and could be assigned to 51 taxa of 26 genera. Eleven yeast species displayed the highest densities; among them, Phenoliferia glacialis showed a broad distribution and was detected at all sites that were sampled. Fungi known to be opportunistic in humans were subjected to antifungal minimal inhibition concentration. Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp. 3, and Penicillium sp. 4 displayed resistance against the antifungals benomyl and fluconazole. Among them, R. mucilaginosa isolates were able to grow at 37 °C. Our results show that the winter seasonal snow of the Antarctic Peninsula contains a diverse fungal community dominated by cosmopolitan ubiquitous fungal species previously found in tropical, temperate, and polar ecosystems. The high densities of these cosmopolitan fungi suggest that they could be present in the air that arrives at the Antarctic Peninsula by air masses from outside Antarctica. Additionally, we detected environmental fungal isolates that were resistant to agricultural and clinical antifungals and able to grow at 37 °C. Further studies will be needed to characterize the virulence potential of these fungi in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciéle C.A. de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Soraya S. Amorim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Vívian N. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Valéria M. Godinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson C. Simões
- Centro Polar e Climático, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91201-970, Brazil;
| | - Carlos A. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Luiz H. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
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8
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Karapetsa M, Tsolaki V, Arabatzis M, Petinaki E, Velegraki A, Zakynthinos E. Septic shock due to Candida famata (Debaryomyces hansenii) candidemia in an ICU immunocompetent trauma-patient. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:594-597. [PMID: 30635251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis related to Candida famata (C. famata) fungemia is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. Moreover, septic shock has not been reported due to this yeast. A previously healthy young multi-trauma male, presented septic shock from C. famata, after he had been admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to haemorrhagic shock. Risk factors for candidemia in ICU patients are the presence of a central venous catheter (CVC), Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, immunosuppression and the length of ICU stay. The presence of CVCs, prior use of antibiotics, prolonged hospitalization, disruption of skin flora and immunocompromised states have been identified as predisposing risk factors for C. famata fungemia. It is worth noting that the present case concerns a non-immunocompromised patient, but long ICU stay and brain injury may indicate a state of immunoparalysis. Identification of the yeast was performed by partial amplification and sequencing of the 26S ribosomal DNA gene [hypervariable region D1/D2; partial sequencing of the act1 gene confirmed the identity of the strain as Debaryomyces hansenii (GenBank submission ID: 1688297)] The patient quickly recovered from sepsis after initiation of amphotericin B and was discharged on the 60th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karapetsa
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsolaki
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Michael Arabatzis
- Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efi Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Marty FM, Cornely OA, Mullane KM, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Maher RM, Croos-Dabrera R, Lu Q, Lademacher C, Oren I, Schmitt-Hoffmann AH, Giladi M, Rahav G, Perfect JR. Isavuconazole for treatment of invasive fungal diseases caused by more than one fungal species. Mycoses 2018; 61:485-497. [PMID: 29611227 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimal approach to treat invasive fungal disease (IFD) caused by more than one fungal species is unknown. We documented the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for treatment of IFDs caused by more than one fungal species. VITAL was a single-arm, international, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole (200 mg orally or intravenously every 8 hours for 48 hours, then once daily) for treatment of rare IFDs. The primary outcome was the overall response at Day 42; key secondary outcomes were overall responses at Day 84 and end of treatment (EOT), mortality at Days 42 and 84, and safety. This analysis includes patients with IFD caused by multiple fungal species. Fifteen patients were included in this analysis (including Aspergillus spp., n = 11; without Aspergillus spp., n = 4); median treatment duration was 97 days [range, 6-544] days). Overall treatment success was observed in 2/15 patients (13.3%) at Days 42 and 84, and 2/14 (14.3%) at EOT. All-cause mortality was 2/15 (13.3%) at Day 42 and 4/15 (26.7%) at Day 84. All patients had ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); 12 patients (80.0%) had serious TEAEs; TEAEs led to discontinuation of isavuconazole in two patients (13.3%). Isavuconazole may be useful to treat some IFDs caused by multiple fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Marty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Mullane
- Department of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston and Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Qiaoyang Lu
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Ilana Oren
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Michael Giladi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John R Perfect
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Lau P, Cordey S, Brito F, Tirefort D, Petty TJ, Turin L, Guichebaron A, Docquier M, Zdobnov EM, Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Lecompte T, Kaiser L, Preynat-Seauve O. Metagenomics analysis of red blood cell and fresh-frozen plasma units. Transfusion 2017; 57:1787-1800. [PMID: 28497550 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the risk of transmitting infectious agents by blood transfusion is dramatically reduced after donor selection, leukoreduction, and laboratory testing, some could still be present in donor's blood. A description of metagenomes in blood products eligible for transfusion represents relevant information to evaluate the risk of pathogen transmission by transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Detection of viruses, bacteria, and fungi genomes was made by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of 600 manufactured blood products eligible for transfusion: 300 red blood cell (RBC) and 300 fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) units. RESULTS Anelloviruses and human pegivirus, frequent in the blood of healthy individuals, were found. Human papillomavirus type 27 and Merkel cell polyomavirus, present on the skin, were also detected. Unexpectedly, astrovirus MLB2 was identified and characterized in a FFP unit. The presence of astrovirus MLB2 was confirmed in donor's blood and corresponded to an asymptomatic acute viremia. Sequences of bacteria and fungi were also detected; they are likely the result of environmental contamination. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that HTS is a promising tool for detecting common and less frequent infectious pathogens in blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lau
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva.,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Francisco Brito
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diderik Tirefort
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Thomas J Petty
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lara Turin
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Arthur Guichebaron
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva.,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Waldvogel-Abramowski
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Thomas Lecompte
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medical Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva.,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sanchez Betancourt AA, Sibaja Alvarez P, Camacho RA, Guevara Espinoza E. Candida famata mediastinitis. A rare complication of open heart surgery. Case report and brief review. IDCases 2016; 5:37-9. [PMID: 27419075 PMCID: PMC4942732 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida mediastinitis is a rare complication of open heart surgery with high mortality and morbidity usually associated with C. albicans. We are reporting the case of a 57 year old male who after having a triple coronary artery bypass graft procedure, had mediastinitis caused by Candida famata, a yeast, that had only been reported once before as the causal agent of this condition. It is of vital importance, that future cases be reported, due to the fact that both reported cases have led to patient demise.
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Abstract
The history of cheese manufacture is a "natural history" in which animals, microorganisms, and the environment interact to yield human food. Part of the fascination with cheese, both scientifically and culturally, stems from its ability to assume amazingly diverse flavors as a result of seemingly small details in preparation. In this review, we trace the roots of cheesemaking and its development by a variety of human cultures over centuries. Traditional cheesemakers observed empirically that certain environments and processes produced the best cheeses, unwittingly selecting for microorganisms with the best biochemical properties for developing desirable aromas and textures. The focus of this review is on the role of fungi in cheese ripening, with a particular emphasis on the yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum. Conditions that encourage the growth of problematic fungi such as Mucor and Scopulariopsis as well as Arachnida (cheese mites), and how such contaminants might be avoided, are discussed. Bethlehem cheese, a pressed, uncooked, semihard, Saint-Nectaire-type cheese manufactured in the United Sates without commercial strains of bacteria or fungi, was used as a model for the study of stable microbial succession during ripening in a natural environment. The appearance of fungi during a 60-day ripening period was documented using light and scanning electron microscopy, and it was shown to be remarkably reproducible and parallel to the course of ripening of authentic Saint-Nectaire cheese in the Auvergne region of France. Geotrichum candidum, Mucor, and Trichothecium roseum predominate the microbiotas of both cheese types. Geotrichum in particular was shown to have high diversity in different traditional cheese ripening environments, suggesting that traditional manufacturing techniques selected for particular fungi. This and other studies suggest that strain diversity arises in relation to the lore and history of the regions from which these types of cheeses arose.
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Misidentification of Candida guilliermondii as C. famata among strains isolated from blood cultures by the VITEK 2 system. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:250408. [PMID: 24977144 PMCID: PMC4058107 DOI: 10.1155/2014/250408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The aim of this study was to differentiate between Candida famata and Candida guilliermondii correctly by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and gene sequencing. Methods. Twenty-eight Candida strains from blood cultures that had been identified as C. famata (N = 25), C. famata/C. guilliermondii (N = 2), and C. guilliermondii (N = 1) by the VITEK 2 system using the YST ID card were included. We identified these strains by MALDI-TOF MS and gene sequencing using the 28S rRNA and ITS genes and compared the results with those obtained by the VITEK 2 system. Results. All 28 isolates were finally identified as C. guilliermondii. Sequencing analysis of the 28S rRNA gene showed 99.80%–100% similarity with C. guilliermondii for all 28 strains. The ITS gene sequencing of the strains showed 98.34%–100% homology with C. guilliermondii. By MALDI-TOF, we could correctly identify 21 (75%) of 28 C. guilliermondii isolates. Conclusion. We should suspect misidentification when C. famata is reported by the VITEK 2 system, and we always should keep in mind the possibility of misidentification of any organism when an uncommon species is reported.
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Araujo PSRD, Medeiros Z, Melo FLD, Maciel MA, Melo HRLD. Candida famata-induced fulminating cholecystitis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:795-6. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0162-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Candida guilliermondii and other species of candida misidentified as Candida famata: assessment by vitek 2, DNA sequencing analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in two global antifungal surveillance programs. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:117-24. [PMID: 23100350 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01686-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida famata (teleomorph Debaryomyces hansenii) has been described as a medically relevant yeast, and this species has been included in many commercial identification systems that are currently used in clinical laboratories. Among 53 strains collected during the SENTRY and ARTEMIS surveillance programs and previously identified as C. famata (includes all submitted strains with this identification) by a variety of commercial methods (Vitek, MicroScan, API, and AuxaColor), DNA sequencing methods demonstrated that 19 strains were C. guilliermondii, 14 were C. parapsilosis, 5 were C. lusitaniae, 4 were C. albicans, and 3 were C. tropicalis, and five isolates belonged to other Candida species (two C. fermentati and one each C. intermedia, C. pelliculosa, and Pichia fabianni). Additionally, three misidentified C. famata strains were correctly identified as Kodomaea ohmeri, Debaryomyces nepalensis, and Debaryomyces fabryi using intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or intergenic spacer (IGS) sequencing. The Vitek 2 system identified three isolates with high confidence to be C. famata and another 15 with low confidence between C. famata and C. guilliermondii or C. parapsilosis, displaying only 56.6% agreement with DNA sequencing results. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) results displayed 81.1% agreement with DNA sequencing. One strain each of C. metapsilosis, C. fermentati, and C. intermedia demonstrated a low score for identification (<2.0) in the MALDI Biotyper. K. ohmeri, D. nepalensis, and D. fabryi identified by DNA sequencing in this study were not in the current database for the MALDI Biotyper. These results suggest that the occurrence of C. famata in fungal infections is much lower than previously appreciated and that commercial systems do not produce accurate identifications except for the newly introduced MALDI-TOF instruments.
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Beyda ND, Chuang SH, Alam MJ, Shah DN, Ng TM, McCaskey L, Garey KW. Treatment of Candida famata bloodstream infections: case series and review of the literature. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:438-43. [PMID: 23085777 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candida famata (also known as Debaryomyces hansenii and Torulopsis candida) is a commensal yeast found in cheese, dairy products and the environment. C. famata accounts for 0.2%-2% of invasive candidiasis. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the treatment of C. famata bloodstream infections. METHODS The clinical course of two hospitalized patients who developed C. famata fungaemia within 2 weeks of each other was summarized along with available data regarding in vitro susceptibility patterns, genotyping and clinical outcomes of these cases compared with the published literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS C. famata appears to exhibit reduced susceptibility to echinocandins and azoles, particularly in the setting of prior antifungal exposure. The removal of indwelling central venous catheters and prompt initiation of therapy with liposomal amphotericin B is recommended for successful treatment of C. famata fungaemia, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These cases also help provide justification for routine antifungal susceptibility testing in patients with candidaemia to guide optimal antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Beyda
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Iwen PC, Schutte SD, Florescu DF, Noel-Hurst RK, Sigler L. InvasiveScopulariopsis brevicaulisinfection in an immunocompromised patient and review of prior cases caused byScopulariopsisandMicroascusspecies. Med Mycol 2012; 50:561-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.675629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Du PC, Li WG, Lu JX. Identification and Molecular Analysis of Pathogenic Yeasts in Droppings of Domestic Pigeons in Beijing, China. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:203-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chryssanthou E, Wennberg H, Bonnedahl J, Olsen B. Occurrence of yeasts in faecal samples from Antarctic and South American seabirds. Mycoses 2011; 54:e811-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fisher JF, Kavanagh K, Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, Newman CA. Candida Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52 Suppl 6:S437-51. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Salmon A, Debourgogne A, Vasbien M, Clément L, Collomb J, Plénat F, Bordigoni P, Machouart M. Disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell recipient: case report and review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
For Candida species, a bimodal wild-type MIC distribution for echinocandins exists, but resistance to echinocandins is rare. We characterized isolates from patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) breaking through >or=3 doses of micafungin therapy during the first 28 months of its use at our center: MICs were determined and hot-spot regions within FKS genes were sequenced. Eleven of 12 breakthrough IC cases identified were in transplant recipients. The median duration of micafungin exposure prior to breakthrough was 33 days (range, 5 to 165). Seventeen breakthrough isolates were recovered: FKS hot-spot mutations were found in 5 C. glabrata and 2 C. tropicalis isolates; of these, 5 (including all C. glabrata isolates) had micafungin MICs of >2 microg/ml, but all demonstrated caspofungin MICs of >2 microg/ml. Five C. parapsilosis isolates had wild-type FKS sequences and caspofungin MICs of 0.5 to 1 microg/ml, but 4/5 had micafungin MICs of >2 microg/ml. The remaining isolates retained echinocandin MICs of <or=2 microg/ml and wild-type FKS gene sequences. Breakthrough IC on micafungin treatment occurred predominantly in severely immunosuppressed patients with heavy prior micafungin exposure. The majority of cases were due to C. glabrata with an FKS mutation or wild-type C. parapsilosis with elevated micafungin MICs. MIC testing with caspofungin identified all mutant strains. Whether the naturally occurring polymorphism within the C. parapsilosis FKS1 gene responsible for the bimodal wild-type MIC distribution is also responsible for micafungin MICs of >2 microg/ml and clinical breakthrough or an alternative mechanism contributes to the nonsusceptible echinocandin MICs in C. parapsilosis requires further study.
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Pukkila-Worley R, Peleg AY, Tampakakis E, Mylonakis E. Candida albicans hyphal formation and virulence assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2009; 8:1750-8. [PMID: 19666778 PMCID: PMC2772404 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00163-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and can cause life-threatening systemic infection in susceptible hosts. We study here C. albicans virulence determinants using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in a pathogenesis system that models candidiasis. The yeast form of C. albicans is ingested into the C. elegans digestive tract. In liquid media, the yeast cells then undergo morphological change to form hyphae, which results in aggressive tissue destruction and death of the nematode. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that hyphal formation is critical for C. albicans pathogenesis in C. elegans. First, two yeast species unable to form hyphae (Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida lusitaniae) were less virulent than C. albicans in the C. elegans assay. Second, three C. albicans mutant strains compromised in their ability to form hyphae (efg1Delta/efg1Delta, flo8Delta/flo8Delta, and cph1Delta/cph1Delta efg1Delta/efg1Delta) were dramatically attenuated for virulence. Third, the conditional tet-NRG1 strain, which enables the external manipulation of morphogenesis in vivo, was more virulent toward C. elegans when the assay was conducted under conditions that permit hyphal growth. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the C. elegans assay in a screen for C. albicans virulence determinants, which identified several genes important for both hyphal formation in vivo and the killing of C. elegans, including the recently described CAS5 and ADA2 genes. These studies in a C. elegans-C. albicans infection model provide insights into the virulence mechanisms of an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Read Pukkila-Worley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken LB, Hollis RJ, Kroeger J, Tendolkar S, Pfaller MA. In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3170-7. [PMID: 19710283 PMCID: PMC2756931 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00942-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Five Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei) account for over 95% of invasive candidiasis cases. Some less common Candida species have emerged as causes of nosocomial candidiasis, but there is little information about their in vitro susceptibilities to antifungals. We determined the in vitro activities of fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against invasive, unique patient isolates of Candida collected from 100 centers worldwide between January 2001 and December 2007. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the CLSI M27-A3 method. CLSI breakpoints for susceptibility were used for fluconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin, while a provisional susceptibility breakpoint of < or = 1 microg/ml was used for amphotericin and posaconazole. Of 14,007 Candida isolates tested, 658 (4.7%) were among the less common species. Against all 658 isolates combined, the activity of each agent, expressed as the MIC50/MIC90 ratio (and the percentage of susceptible isolates) was as follows: fluconazole, 1/4 (94.8%); voriconazole, 0.03/0.12 (98.6%); posaconazole, 0.12/0.5 (95.9%); amphotericin, 0.5/2 (88.3%); anidulafungin, 0.5/2 (97.4%); caspofungin, 0.12/0.5 (98.0%); and micafungin, 0.25/1 (99.2%). Among the isolates not susceptible to one or more of the echinocandins, most (68%) were C. guilliermondii. All isolates of the less common species within the C. parapsilosis complex (C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis) were susceptible to voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. Over 95% of clinical isolates of the rare Candida species were susceptible to the available antifungals. However, activity did vary by drug-species combination, with some species (e.g., C. rugosa and C. guilliermondii) demonstrating reduced susceptibilities to commonly used agents such as fluconazole and echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Diekema
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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25
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Salmon A, Debourgogne A, Vasbien M, Clément L, Collomb J, Plénat F, Bordigoni P, Machouart M. Disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulisinfection in an allogeneic stem cell recipient: case report and review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:508-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1198-743x.2009.02878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Desnos-Ollivier M, Ragon M, Robert V, Raoux D, Gantier JC, Dromer F. Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida famata), a rare human fungal pathogen often misidentified as Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii). J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3237-42. [PMID: 18701668 PMCID: PMC2566122 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01451-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a hemiascomycetous yeast commonly found in natural substrates and in various types of cheese. Pichia guilliermondii is widely distributed in nature and is a common constituent of the normal human microflora. Both species have been described in human infections but are extremely difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Thus, frequent errors in identification occur. The 62 clinical and environmental isolates sent between 2000 and 2007 to the French National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals as D. hansenii or P. guilliermondii were analyzed by using the carbon assimilation pattern, the presence of pseudohyphae, and sequencing of the ITS and D1/D2 regions of the rRNA gene. The objective of this study was to assess using nucleotide sequences whether phenotypic identification was accurate and whether phenotypic characteristics could be used to differentiate the two species when sequencing was not available. We found that 58% of the isolates were misidentified and belong to seven different species: P. guilliermondii, P. caribbica, P. jadinii, D. hansenii, Candida palmioleophila, C. haemulonii type II, and Clavispora lusitaniae. In conclusion, D. hansenii may not be as common a human pathogen as previously thought. Sequencing of either ITS or D1/D2 regions is a good tool for differentiating the species more frequently confused with D. hansenii, keeping in mind that reliable databases should be used.
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MESH Headings
- Candida/classification
- Candida/genetics
- Candida/isolation & purification
- Candida/physiology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Environmental Microbiology
- France
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Hyphae/cytology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycoses/microbiology
- Phylogeny
- Pichia/classification
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/isolation & purification
- Pichia/physiology
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA 3012, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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Successful treatment of Candida spp. encephalitis occurring under Caspofungin treatment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2008; 88:93-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Richardson M, Lass-Flörl C. Changing epidemiology of systemic fungal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 Suppl 4:5-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lanternier F, Lortholary O. Liposomal amphotericin B: what is its role in 2008? Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 Suppl 4:71-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Avci Z, Alioglu B, Anuk D, Ozbek OY, Azap OK, Ozbek N. Double invasive fungal infection and typhlitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 25:99-106. [PMID: 18363175 DOI: 10.1080/08880010701885235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The occurrence of two invasive fungal infections in one patient at the same time is quite rare. Here the authors report on two adolescent patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed combined invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and hepatosplenic candidiasis during chemotherapy. They were treated with liposomal amphotericin B, but one of them died due to massive pulmonary hemorrhage during recovery from neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Avci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA - Opinion of the Scientific Committee. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Invasive fungal infections of the lung have been increasing due to the increase of the population most at risk. This review aims to describe some of the emerging fungal pathogens and their complex management. RECENT FINDINGS With the increase in immunosuppressed populations, physicians are increasingly encountering uncommon fungal pathogens that historically have been difficult to identify and treat. Many of these fungal infections present with similar clinical features and often show similar histopathological changes. Treatment options are more complex because of an increasing number of antifungals that have become available for clinical use. The correct usage of these antifungals in addressing emerging fungal infections is unclear, however. Drawing from in-vitro and in-vivo susceptibility testing and case reports, some deductions may be made for the best empirical treatment of these deadly diseases. In general, the newer triazoles (voriconazole and posiconazole) and the use of combination therapy have shown promise. SUMMARY Invasive fungal infections are on the increase and contribute significantly to overall mortality, particularly among transplant recipients. With the lack of well designed controlled clinical studies, physicians will need to draw from previously described cases and in-vitro susceptibility testing to optimize therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sanchez
- University of Southern California, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Pisa D, Ramos M, Molina S, García P, Carrasco L. Evolution of antibody response and fungal antigens in the serum of a patient infected with Candida famata. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:571-578. [PMID: 17446276 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of fungal antibodies and antigens in the serum of a patient diagnosed in 1996 with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy caused by Candida famata infection was examined. Antibodies against C. famata increased until 1999–2000 when antifungal treatment was initiated. The antibodies were detected by ELISA and immunofluorescence analysis using C. famata. These antibodies were not immunoreactive against several Candida species tested. Positive immunofluorescence was obtained with IgM, but not IgA, IgG or IgE. Moreover, the IgM response disappeared several months after treatment with antifungal compounds, despite the fact that C. famata antigens were present in the blood. Finally, a sensitive test was developed to assay for the presence of C. famata antigens in serum based on the immunodetection of fungal antigens transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and incubated with rabbit antibodies raised against C. famata. According to this method, the infection diminished with antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pisa
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Molina
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Buitrago MJ, Mellado E, Garcia-Effron G, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. In vitro activities of 10 combinations of antifungal agents against the multiresistant pathogen Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2248-50. [PMID: 16723597 PMCID: PMC1479145 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00162-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of 10 combinations of antifungal agents against 25 clinical isolates of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were tested by the checkerboard technique. An average indifferent effect was detected for all combinations. Synergy was observed for some isolates and combinations, particularly with posaconazole-terbinafine (68% of strains), amphotericin B-caspofungin (60%), and posaconazole-caspofungin (48%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cuenca-Estrella
- Servicio de Micología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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