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Huang X, Yan Y, Su B, Xiao D, Yu M, Jin X, Duan J, Zhang X, Zheng S, Fang Y, Zhang T, Tang W, Wang L, Wang Z, Xu J. Comparing Immune Responses to Inactivated Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 between People Living with HIV and HIV-Negative Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020277. [PMID: 35215870 PMCID: PMC8875274 DOI: 10.3390/v14020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines between people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative individuals. We recruited 120 PLWH and 53 HIV-negative individuals aged 18–59 years who had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in two Chinese cities between April and June 2021. Blood samples were tested for immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The prevalence and severity of adverse events associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were similar between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals. The seropositivity of neutralizing activity against authentic SARS-CoV-2, of the total amount of antibody (total antibody) and of S-IgG were 71.3%, 81.9%, and 92.6%, respectively, among fully vaccinated PLWH. Among all participants, PLWH had lower neutralizing activity, total antibody, S-IgG, and T-cell-specific immune response levels, compared to HIV-negative individuals, after controlling for types of vaccine, time interval between first and second dose, time after receiving the second dose, and sociodemographic factors. PLWH with a longer interval since HIV diagnosis, who received their second dose 15–28 days prior to study commencement, and who had an interval of ≥21 days between first and second dose had higher neutralizing activity levels. The immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was lower among PLWH as compared to HIV-negative individuals. Vaccination guideline specific for PLWH should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Huang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (X.H.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Bin Su
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (X.H.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dong Xiao
- Rainbow Clinic of Beijing Jingcheng Skin Hospital, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Maohe Yu
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China;
| | - Xia Jin
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), Beijing 100088, China;
| | - Junyi Duan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (X.H.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 70300, USA;
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 200092, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (X.H.); (B.S.); (J.D.); (T.Z.)
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (L.W.); (Z.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (L.W.); (Z.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Zixin Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 666888, China
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (L.W.); (Z.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (L.W.); (Z.W.); (J.X.)
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Yang X, Wang Z, Harrison S, Lau JTF. Coverage and adherence of antiretroviral therapy among Chinese HIV-positive men who have sex with men with high CD4 counts in the era of 'Treat all'. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 25:308-318. [PMID: 31758830 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) with CD4 cell counts> 350 cells/mm3 in China recently became eligible for free antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to updated national guidelines. This study aimed to investigate ART coverage and adherence among a large sample of HIV-positive MSM in China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chengdu and Hangzhou, China, from February to November 2016. Participants were 277 MSM who had received a confirmatory HIV diagnosis and had CD4 levels of> 350 cells/mm3 . Trained staff of collaborating non-governmental organizations contacted all HIV-positive MSM listed in their service records and invited them to join the study. The ART initiation, ART adherence and interactions between healthcare professionals and the patients were assessed. RESULTS ART coverage was 60.3%. Among those who were on ART (n = 167), no participants reported missing any doses in the last four days, but 25.7% reported non-compliance to either ART dosing schedule or dosage instructions. After adjusting for background variables and perceived eligibility for ART, two variables were significant factors of higher ART coverage: (i) receiving a recommendation from healthcare professionals for immediate ART initiation and (ii) perceiving having received an adequate explanation of potential harms of ART. Being prescribed> 3 pills per dose and not having a temporary resident permit were associated with non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS Significant efforts are needed to increase ART coverage among HIV-positive MSM with high CD4 counts in China. Although prevalence of missing doses was low, non-compliance to dosing schedule/instructions should not be neglected. Interactions between healthcare professionals and MSMs play an important role in facilitating ART initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sayward Harrison
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Yang X, Li X, Qiao S, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Zhou Y. Immunological and virologic outcomes of people living with HIV in Guangxi, China: 2012-2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213205. [PMID: 30822343 PMCID: PMC6396913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) in China, especially after the implementation of the 2016 national treatment guideline. The objective of the current study is to examine the treatment patterns, clinical outcomes and their associated factors among PLWH in Guangxi, China before and after this new guideline. METHODS Data from three community-based projects conducted at different time points over a period of six years (2012-2017) in Guangxi were analyzed in our study. The interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Measures of clinical outcomes were retrieved from the patients' medical records. Descriptive analysis was employed to display treatment patterns and the time trends of clinical outcomes. Chi-square test or ANOVA was used to compare the differences in background characteristics and treatment history between different levels of clinical outcomes. RESULTS Among the pooled sample of 4224 participants, 77.3% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), the median CD4 count was 328 cells/mm3, and 82.5% were virally suppressed. An increasing trend in both ART coverage (from 72.1% to 91.2%) and CD4 count (from 318 cells/mm3 to 357 cells/mm3) was observed over time in the three samples, while rates of viral suppression did not show a similar trend. A number of socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., female gender, younger age, Han ethnicity, and employment) and treatment-related variables (e.g., longer durations of HIV diagnosis and ART uptake, lower prevalence of comorbidity, fewer treatment interruptions, and more knowledge on ART) were associated with improved clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high rate of viral suppression and increasing trends in ART coverage and CD4 count over six years in Guangxi, China. However, suboptimal clinical outcomes continue to be a problem, particularly among some subgroups of PLWH. Future clinical management strategies should be tailored for PLWH with different sociodemographic characteristics and treatment trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Churchill D, Waters L, Ahmed N, Angus B, Boffito M, Bower M, Dunn D, Edwards S, Emerson C, Fidler S, Fisher M, Horne R, Khoo S, Leen C, Mackie N, Marshall N, Monteiro F, Nelson M, Orkin C, Palfreeman A, Pett S, Phillips A, Post F, Pozniak A, Reeves I, Sabin C, Trevelion R, Walsh J, Wilkins E, Williams I, Winston A. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015. HIV Med 2018; 17 Suppl 4:s2-s104. [PMID: 27568911 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Bower
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Edwards
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Sarah Fidler
- Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Nelson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anton Pozniak
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Caroline Sabin
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - John Walsh
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ian Williams
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Michalik C, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Brockmeyer NH. [The Competence Network for HIV/AIDS. Data, Samples, Facts]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:489-96. [PMID: 26961868 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With funding for the Competence Networks in Medicine from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Competence Network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet HIV/AIDS) was established as an interdisciplinary research association. Essential working groups were incorporated all over Germany, which are active in clinical and basic HIV/AIDS research. OBJECTIVES After successful establishment, providing research infrastructure for national and international cooperation in the field of HIV/AIDS was the focus of the network. By bringing together research activities, preconditions are created for improving HIV infection treatment and increasing life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The members of KompNet HIV/AIDS are HIV experts from university clinics, HIV physicians, patient representatives, as well as national reference centers. As a scientific research basis, the network established an HIV patient cohort. Clinical and sociodemographic data of HIV patients were documented biannually and complemented by serum and DNA-samples collected twice per year. Furthermore, a child cohort was set up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Within the KompNet HIV/AIDS, a research infrastructure for HIV was established for internal, external as well international scientists. Within the HIV cohort a total of 16,500 patients are documented. The associated biobank comprises ~ 56,000 serum samples and ~ 16,000 DNA samples. The child cohort consists of 647 HIV-exposed and 230 infected children. The KompNet HIV/AIDS cohorts became an important partner in several international collaborations. Nevertheless, the maintenance of such infrastructures without public funding is a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Michalik
- Kompetenznetz HIV/AIDS, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Klinische Studien (ZKS) Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | | | - Norbert H Brockmeyer
- Kompetenznetz HIV/AIDS, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.
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Choy W, Lagman C, Lee SJ, Bui TT, Safaee M, Yang I. Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Pathogenesis and Outcome of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2016; 4:77-86. [PMID: 27867916 PMCID: PMC5114196 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement in antiviral therapies have been accompanied by an increased frequency of non-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) defining malignancies, such as glioblastoma multiforme. Here, we investigated all reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with glioblastoma and evaluated their clinical outcomes. A comprehensive review of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms underlying glioblastoma development in the setting of HIV/AIDS is provided. Methods We performed a PubMed search using keywords “HIV glioma” AND “glioblastoma,” and “AIDS glioma” AND “glioblastoma.” Case reports and series describing HIV-positive patients with glioblastoma (histologically-proven World Health Organization grade IV astrocytoma) and reporting on HAART treatment status, clinical follow-up, and overall survival (OS), were included for the purposes of quantitative synthesis. Patients without clinical follow-up data or OS were excluded. Remaining articles were assessed for data extraction eligibility. Results A total of 17 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 14 (82.4%) were male and 3 (17.6%) were female, with a mean age of 39.5±9.2 years (range 19–60 years). Average CD4 count at diagnosis of glioblastoma was 358.9±193.4 cells/mm3. Tumor progression rather than AIDS-associated complications dictated patient survival. There was a trend towards increased median survival with HAART treatment (12.0 vs 7.5 months, p=0.10) Conclusion Our data suggests that HAART is associated with improved survival in patients with HIV-associated glioblastoma, although the precise mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winward Choy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seung J Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy T Bui
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Safaee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Easterbrook PJ, Horvath T, Vitória M, Jan M, Doherty MC. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: a systematic review. AIDS 2014; 28 Suppl 2:S105-18. [PMID: 24849469 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to update evidence on when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) to inform revision of the 2013 WHO guidelines for ART in low and middle-income countries. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We comprehensively searchescohorts. Outcomes were mortality, clinical progression, virologic failure, immunologic recover, and severe adverse events. We pooled data across studies and estimated summary effect sizes. We graded the quality of evidence from the literature for each outcome. RESULTS We identified 24 studies; 3 were RCTs. Studies found reduced risk of mortality [1 RCT: hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-1.76; 13 cohorts: relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79], progression to AIDS or death (2 RCTs: RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91; 9 cohorts: RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.40-1.24) and diagnosis of a non-AIDS-defining illness (1 RCT: RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.64; 1 cohort: RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.98), and an increased risk of grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities in patients initiating ART at at least 350 cells/μl (1 RCT: RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25-1.77). The quality of evidence was low or very low for clinical outcomes due to few events and imprecision, and high for adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contributed to the evidence base for the revised 2013 WHO guidelines on ART, which recommend initiating ART at CD4 T-cell counts of 350-500 cells/μl, but not above 500 cells/μl compared to initiating it later when CD4 T-cell counts fall below 350 cells/μl.
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4.0 When to start. HIV Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12119_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trends in overall opportunistic illnesses, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis and Mycobacterium avium complex incidence rates over the 30 years of the HIV epidemic: a systematic review. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 18:196-210. [PMID: 24275372 PMCID: PMC9427509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of HIV infection has changed dramatically after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Currently, opportunistic illnesses still represent a major cause of death and hospitalization in this population. In this study, we review the trends in opportunistic illnesses incidence rates and compare the results observed in high-income settings with that for low/middle-income settings, with special attention given to studies from Brazil. METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs and Google scholar for publications on HIV associated opportunistic illness. Studies reporting rates based on person-time for all opportunistic illnesses and/or the three opportunistic infections of interest, namely, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and Mycobacterium avium complex were included. RESULTS Significant reductions in the incidence rates were demonstrated for opportunistic illnesses overall and also for the specific opportunistic infections included in the present study, both in high and low/middle-income settings. Out of the 37 studies included in the present review, almost 70% were from high-income settings. All the studies conducted in low/middle-income settings were single center studies and four were from Brazil. We found no study from Brazil reporting annual incidence rates of opportunistic illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Opportunistic illnesses remain an important public health problem. To better guide health policies in low/middle-income settings, multicenter cohort studies should be encouraged. Studies from Brazil are urgently needed to assess the current burden of opportunistic illnesses in our population and to support the planning of HIV/AIDS health care services organization.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an emerging comorbidity in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era? Infection 2012; 41:347-53. [PMID: 22971938 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of our study was to evaluate the presence of respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected outpatient population and to further investigate the role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and other possibly associated risk factors. METHODS We consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study HIV-infected patients and HIV-negative age, sex and smoking status matched controls. All participants completed a questionnaire for pulmonary symptoms and underwent a complete spirometry. RESULTS We enrolled 111 HIV-infected patients and 65 HIV-negative age- and sex-matched controls. HIV-infected patients had a significantly higher prevalence of any respiratory symptom (p = 0.002), cough (p = 0.006) and dyspnoea (p = 0.02). HIV-infected patients also had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD in respect of HIV-negative controls (p = 0.008). Furthermore, HIV-infected individuals had significantly (p = 0.002) lower forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (Tiffeneau index) (p = 0.028), whereas the total lung capacity (TLC) was significantly higher (p = 0.018). In the multivariate analysis, significant predictors of respiratory symptoms were current smoking [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 11.18; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.89-32.12] and previous bacterial pneumonia (AOR 4.41; 95 % CI 1.13-17.13), whereas the only significant predictor of COPD was current smoking (AOR 5.94; 95 % CI 1.77-19.96). HAART receipt was not associated with respiratory symptoms nor with COPD. CONCLUSIONS We evidenced a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and COPD among HIV-infected patients. HIV infection, current cigarette smoking and previous bacterial pneumonia seem to play a significant role in the development of respiratory symptoms and COPD. Thus, our results suggest that the most at-risk HIV-infected patients should be screened for COPD to early identify those who may need specific treatment.
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4.0 When to start. HIV Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01029_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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