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Fleischmann-Struzek C, Joost FEA, Pletz MW, Weiß B, Paul N, Ely EW, Reinhart K, Rose N. How are Long-Covid, Post-Sepsis-Syndrome and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome related? A conceptional approach based on the current research literature. Crit Care 2024; 28:283. [PMID: 39210399 PMCID: PMC11363639 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-Covid (LC), Post-Sepsis-Syndrome (PSS) and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome (PICS) show remarkable overlaps in their clinical presentation. Nevertheless, it is unclear if they are distinct syndromes, which may co-occur in the same patient, or if they are three different labels to describe similar symptoms, assigned on the basis on patient history and professional perspective of the treating physician. Therefore, we reviewed the current literature on the relation between LC, PSS and PICS. To date, the three syndromes cannot reliably be distinguished due similarities in clinical presentation as they share the cognitive, psychological and physical impairments with only different probabilities of occurrence and a heterogeneity in individual expression. The diagnosis is furthermore hindered by a lack of specific diagnostic tools. It can be concluded that survivors after COVID-19 sepsis likely have more frequent and more severe consequences than patients with milder COVID-19 courses, and that are some COVID-19-specific sequelae, e.g. an increased risk for venous thromboembolism in the 30 days after the acute disease, which occur less often after sepsis of other causes. Patients may profit from leveraging synergies from PICS, PSS and LC treatment as well as from experiences gained from infection-associated chronic conditions in general. Disentangling molecular pathomechanisms may enable future targeted therapies that go beyond symptomatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Franka E A Joost
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn Weiß
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Paul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Veteran's Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Konrad Reinhart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Rose
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Stoystraße 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Chou R, Herman E, Ahmed A, Anderson J, Selph S, Dana T, Williams L, Ivlev I. Long COVID Definitions and Models of Care : A Scoping Review. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:929-940. [PMID: 38768458 DOI: 10.7326/m24-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitions of long COVID are evolving, and optimal models of care are uncertain. PURPOSE To perform a scoping review on definitions of long COVID and provide an overview of care models, including a proposed framework to describe and distinguish models. DATA SOURCES English-language articles from Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, SocINDEX, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL published between January 2021 and November 2023; gray literature; and discussions with 18 key informants. STUDY SELECTION Publications describing long COVID definitions or models of care, supplemented by models described by key informants. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified for accuracy by another reviewer. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 1960 screened citations, 38 were included. Five clinical definitions of long COVID varied with regard to timing since symptom onset and the minimum duration required for diagnosis; 1 additional definition was symptom score-based. Forty-nine long COVID care models were informed by 5 key principles: a core "lead" team, multidisciplinary expertise, comprehensive access to diagnostic and therapeutic services, a patient-centered approach, and providing capacity to meet demand. Seven characteristics provided a framework for distinguishing models: home department or clinical setting, clinical lead, collocation of other specialties, primary care role, population managed, use of teleservices, and whether the model was practice- or systems-based. Using this framework, 10 representative practice-based and 3 systems-based models of care were identified. LIMITATIONS Published literature often lacked key model details, data were insufficient to assess model outcomes, and there was overlap between and variability within models. CONCLUSION Definitions of long COVID and care models are evolving. Research is needed to optimize models and evaluate outcomes of different models. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (Protocol posted at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/long-covid-models-care/protocol.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Chou
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
| | - Eric Herman
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (E.H.)
| | - Azrah Ahmed
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
| | - Jordan Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (J.A.)
| | - Shelley Selph
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
| | - Tracy Dana
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
| | - Leah Williams
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
| | - Ilya Ivlev
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (R.C., A.A., S.S., T.D., L.W., I.I.)
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Kirchberger I, Meisinger C, Warm TD, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Linseisen J, Goßlau Y. Longitudinal course and predictors of health-related quality of life, mental health, and fatigue, in non-hospitalized individuals with or without post COVID-19 syndrome. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38616282 PMCID: PMC11017651 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term information on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health of non-hospitalized individuals with "post COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS) is scarce. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to compare HRQOL and mental health of individuals with and without PCS in a German sample of non-hospitalized persons after SARS-CoV-2 infection, to characterize the long-term course up to 2 years and to identify predictors for post COVID-19 impairments. METHODS Individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined at the University Hospital of Augsburg from November 2020 to May 2021 and completed a postal questionnaire between June and November 2022. Participants who self-reported the presence of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, memory problems or concentration problems were classified as having PCS. HRQOL was assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, mental health was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Fatigue Asessment Scale was used to assess fatigue severity. Multivariable linear regression models with inverse probability weighting were used to determine the association between PCS and health outcomes. RESULTS From the 304 participants (58.2% women, median age 52 years), 210 (69.1%) were classified as having PCS in median 26 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persons with PCS showed significantly more often depressive and anxiety disorders. PCS was independently and significantly associated with higher levels of depression, post-traumatic stress and fatigue, as well as poorer physical and mental HRQOL in median 9 months as well as 26 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A large number of acute symptoms and a prior diagnosis of depression were independently associated with poor mental health and HRQOL. While post-traumatic stress and mental HRQOL improved from 9 months to 26 months post infection onset, depressiveness, fatigue and physical HRQOL remained stable in both, persons with and without PCS. CONCLUSIONS PCS in non-hospitalized persons after SARS-CoV-2 infection is often associated with long-term impairments of mental health and HRQOL outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kirchberger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Christine Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tobias D Warm
- Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Goßlau
- Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Rahamim-Cohen D, Kertes J, Feldblum I, Shamir-Stein N, Shapiro Ben David S. Use of a Virtual Multi-Disciplinary Clinic for the Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:376. [PMID: 38338261 PMCID: PMC10855243 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 has been recognized as possibly affecting millions of people worldwide. In order to optimize care and ensure equality, we established a multidisciplinary virtual Post-COVID-19 clinic (VPCC) within Maccabi Healthcare Services, the second largest HMO in Israel. This study aims to describe the structure, process and patient satisfaction with this clinic. The multidisciplinary team consisted of physicians, physiotherapists, social workers, occupational therapists and dieticians. Patient entry was to be at least four weeks after COVID-19 infection. A patient satisfaction survey was carried out 7-8 months after the clinic was closed. Demographic data were collected and compared to the general Maccabi COVID-19 population. The clinic treated 1614 patients, aged 16-91, over a period of 18 months. In total, 679 family physicians referred patients. In comparison to the general COVID-19 population, a higher percentage of the VPCC patients lived in the periphery of Israel, South (14.9% compared to 17.8%) and North (17.1% compared to 18.2%). In total, 249 patients answered the survey, and of them, 75% were highly satisfied with the medical care of the physician in the VPCC. A total of 54% of respondents would have preferred a face-to-face consultation, but 50% felt that communication was good in the virtual mode. In conclusion, the VPCC provided a dedicated service for patients, and the virtual format made it equally accessible to all parts of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Kertes
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel (S.S.B.D.)
| | - Ilana Feldblum
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel (S.S.B.D.)
| | - Naama Shamir-Stein
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel (S.S.B.D.)
| | - Shirley Shapiro Ben David
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel (S.S.B.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Lemhöfer C, Bahmer T, Baumbach P, Besteher B, Boekel A, Finke K, Katzer K, Lehmann-Pohl K, Lewejohann JC, Loudovici-Krug D, Nowka M, Puta C, Quickert S, Reuken PA, Walter M, Stallmach A. Variations and Predictors of Post-COVID Syndrome Severity in Patients Attending a Post-COVID Outpatient Clinic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4013. [PMID: 37373706 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A relevant proportion of patients suffer from long-lasting impairments following an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proposed post-COVID syndrome (PCS) score may improve comparison in the course and classification of affected patients. A prospective cohort of 952 patients presenting to the post-COVID outpatient clinic at Jena University Hospital, Germany, was enrolled. Patients received a structured examination. PCS score was calculated per visit. A total of 378 (39.7%) and 129 (13.6%) patients of the entire population visited the outpatient clinic two or three times, respectively (female: 66.4%; age: 49.5 (SD = 13) years). The initial presentation took place, on average, 290 (SD = 138) days after acute infection. The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (80.4%) and neurological impairments (76.1%). The mean PCS scores of patients with three visits were 24.6 points (SD = 10.9), 23.0 points (SD = 10.9) and 23.5 points (SD = 11.5) (p = 0.407), indicating moderate PCS. Female sex (p < 0.001), preexisting coagulation disorder (p = 0.021) and coronary artery disease (p = 0.032) were associated with higher PCS scores. PCS is associated with a multitude of long-lasting problems. The PCS score has proven its capability to objectify and quantify PCS symptoms in an outpatient setting. The influence of therapeutic measures on various PCS aspects should be the subject of further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lemhöfer
- Institute of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumbach
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Boekel
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Katzer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Lehmann-Pohl
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Lewejohann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Loudovici-Krug
- Institute of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Nowka
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Alexander Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Kirchberger I, Meisinger C, Warm TD, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Linseisen J, Goßlau Y. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Non-Hospitalized Individuals: Healthcare Situation 2 Years after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1326. [PMID: 37376625 DOI: 10.3390/v15061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although "post-COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS) is reported to be common even in non-hospitalized individuals, long-term information on symptom burden, healthcare needs, utilization, and satisfaction with healthcare is scarce. The objectives of this study were to describe symptom burden, healthcare utilization and experiences with the healthcare offered for PCS in a German sample of non-hospitalized persons 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals with past COVID-19 confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction testing were examined at the University Hospital of Augsburg from 4 November 2020 to 26 May 2021 and completed a postal questionnaire between 14 June 2022 and 1 November 2022. Participants who self-reported the presence of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, memory problems or concentration problems were classified as having PCS. Of the 304 non-hospitalized participants (58.2% female, median age 53.5), 210 (69.1%) had a PCS. Among these, 18.8% had slight to moderate functional limitations. Participants with PCS showed a significantly higher utilization of healthcare and a large proportion complained about lacking information on persistent COVID-19 symptoms and problems finding competent healthcare providers. The results indicate the need to optimize patient information on PCS, facilitate access to specialized healthcare providers, provide treatment options in the primary care setting and improve the education of healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kirchberger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christine Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tobias D Warm
- Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hyhlik-Dürr
- Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Goßlau
- Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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