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Pharmaceutical Coating and Its Different Approaches, a Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163318. [PMID: 36015575 PMCID: PMC9415771 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coating the solid dosage form, such as tablets, is considered common, but it is a critical process that provides different characteristics to tablets. It increases the value of solid dosage form, administered orally, and thus meets diverse clinical requirements. As tablet coating is a process driven by technology, it relies on advancements in coating techniques, equipment used for the coating process, evaluation of coated tablets, and coated material used. Although different techniques were employed for coating purposes, which may be based on the use of solvents or solvent-free, each of the methods used has its advantages and disadvantages, and the techniques need continued modification too. During the process of film coating, several inter-and intra-batch uniformity of coated material on the tablets is considered a critical point that ensures the worth of the final product, particularly for those drugs that contain an active medicament in the coating layer. Meanwhile, computational modeling and experimental evaluation were actively used to predict the impact of the operational parameters on the final product quality and optimize the variables in tablet coating. The efforts produced by computational modeling or experimental evaluation not only save cost in optimizing the coating process but also saves time. This review delivers a brief review on film coating in solid dosage form, which includes tablets, with a focus on the polymers and processes used in the coating. At the end, some pharmaceutical applications were also discussed.
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Seo KS, Bajracharya R, Lee SH, Han HK. Pharmaceutical Application of Tablet Film Coating. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090853. [PMID: 32911720 PMCID: PMC7558083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tablet film coating is a common but critical process providing various functionalities to tablets, thereby meeting diverse clinical needs and increasing the value of oral solid dosage forms. Tablet film coating is a technology-driven process and the evolution of coated dosage forms relies on advancements in coating technology, equipment, analytical techniques, and coating materials. Although multiple coating techniques are developed for solvent-based or solvent-free coating processes, each method has advantages and disadvantages that may require continuous technical refinement. In the film coating process, intra- and inter-batch coating uniformity of tablets is critical to ensure the quality of the final product, especially for active film coating containing active pharmaceutical ingredients in the coating layer. In addition to experimental evaluation, computational modeling is also actively pursued to predict the influence of operation parameters on the quality of the final product and optimize process variables of tablet film coating. The concerted efforts of experiments and computational modeling can save time and cost in optimizing the tablet coating process. This review provides a brief overview of tablet film coating technology and modeling approaches with a focus on recent advancements in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Soo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (R.B.); (S.H.L.)
- Research Institute, Dong Wha Pharm., Tapsil-ro-35, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17084, Korea
| | - Rajiv Bajracharya
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (R.B.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (R.B.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (R.B.); (S.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5217; Fax: +82-31-961-5206
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Bayan MF, Bayan RF. Recent advances in mesalamine colonic delivery systems. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increased attention has been focused on the continuous development and improvement of mesalamine colonic specific delivery systems, for the effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases; thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing potential side effects. Mesalamine is a class IV drug, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, used usually to treat inflammation associated with colon related diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Main text
An ideal colon targeting system aims to deliver a therapeutic agent, selectively and effectively, to the colon. This system should ideally retain the drug release in the upper GI tract (stomach and small intestine); while trigger the drug release in the colon. Several approaches have been used to fabricate formulations to achieve a colon specific delivery of mesalamine such as; time dependent, pH responsive, enzymatic/microbial responsive and ultrasound mediated approaches. This overview outlines the recent advances in mesalamine-colon delivery approaches for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’ disease.
Conclusion
A combined pH-time dependent delivery system can improve mesalamine colonic drug delivery via employing carriers capable of retarding mesalamine release in the stomach and delivering it at predetermined time points after entering the intestine. The existence of specific enzymes, produced by various anaerobic bacteria present in the colon advocates the advantage of designing enzyme sensitive systems and combining it with pH-time dependent system to improve mesalamine colonic delivery. The use of ultrasound has shown promises to effectively treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Khan AM, Hanif M, Bukhari NI, Shamim R, Rasool F, Rasul S, Shafique S. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach to Predict an Optimized pH-Dependent Mesalamine Matrix Tablet. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2435-2448. [PMID: 32606610 PMCID: PMC7320029 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s244016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe bleeding and perforation of the colon and rectum are complications of ulcerative colitis which can be treated by a targeted drug delivery system. Purpose Development of colon-targeted delivery usually involves a complex formulation process and coating steps of pH-sensitive methacrylic acid based Eudragit®. The current work was purposefully designed to develop dicalcium phosphate (DCP) facilitated with Eudragit-S100-based pH-dependent, uncoated mesalamine matrix tablets. Materials and Methods Mesalamine formulations were compressed using wet granulation technique with varying compositions of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and Eudragit-S100. The developed formulations were characterized for physicochemical and drug release profiles. Infrared studies were carried out to ensure that there was no interaction between active ingredients and excipients. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used for the optimization of final DCP-Eudragit-S100 complex and the experimental data were employed to train a multi-layer perception (MLP) using quick propagation (QP) training algorithm until a satisfactory root mean square error (RMSE) was reached. The ANN-aided optimized formulation was compared with commercially available Masacol®. Results Compressed tablets met the desirability criteria in terms of thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, and content uniformity, ie, 5.34 mm, 7.7 kg/cm2, 585±5 mg (%), 0.44%, and 103%, respectively. In-vitro dissolution study of commercially available mesalamine and optimized formulation was carried out and the former showed 100% release at 6 h while the latter released only 12.09% after 2 h and 72.96% after 12 h which was fitted to Weibull release model with b value of 1.3, indicating a complex release mechanism. Conclusion DCP-Eudragit-S100 blend was found explicative for mesalamine release without coating in gastric and colonic regions. This combination may provide a better control of ulcerative colitis. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Majeed Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan.,Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Rahat Shamim
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rasool
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Rasul
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shafique
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rippha International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nalinbenjapun S, Ovatlarnporn C. Chitosan-5-aminosalicylic acid conjugates for colon-specific drug delivery: Methods of preparation and in vitro evaluations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gaikwad SS, Avhad RD, Kalkotwar RS. Formulation, development and in vitro characterization of modified release tablets of capecitabine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 46:20-30. [PMID: 31778085 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1698595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The main aim of this research work was to develop and evaluate cost effective modified release tablets of Capecitabine (CAP) without utilizing coating techniques.Methods: The tablets were prepared by non-aqueous wet granulation method. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was used as an extended release matrix former and sodium alginate (SA) was used as sustained release agent due to its gel forming ability. 32 full factorial design was used to study the effect of the independent variables i.e. HPC and SA on dependent variables, in vitro drug release and swelling index. The physiochemical properties of the drug were analyzed by ultraviolet (UV), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). The formulated tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, content uniformity, swelling index, and in vitro drug release study.Results: The FTIR and DSC studies confirmed that there was no any interaction between drug, polymers and excipients. Also from DSC and P-XRD studies it was clear that the crystalline nature of CAP was remain unchanged in the optimized formulation tablet. Formulation F8 retarded the drug release up to 24 h with the optimum concentration of the both the polymers.Conclusion: We have successfully developed the modified release tablets of CAP with the combination of diffusion and erosion controlled type of drug release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SND College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohini D Avhad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramesh S Kalkotwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SND College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Wang SY, Li J, Zhou Y, Li DQ, Du GM. Chemical cross-linking approach for prolonging diclofenac sodium release from pectin-based delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:512-520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaffash E, Saremnejad F, Abbaspour M, Mohajeri SA, Garekani HA, Jafarian AH, Sardo HS, Akhgari A, Nokhodchi A. Statistical optimization of alginate-based oral dosage form of 5-aminosalicylic acid aimed to colonic delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao M, Lee SH, Song JG, Kim HY, Han HK. Enhanced oral absorption of sorafenib via the layer-by-layer deposition of a pH-sensitive polymer and glycol chitosan on the liposome. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:14-20. [PMID: 29655795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to design the effective formulation of sorafenib (SF) to enhance the oral drug absorption. Three liposomal formulations of SF were prepared including uncoated liposome (SF-Lip), glycol chitosan-coated liposome (GC-SF-Lip), and Eudragit S100-glycol-chitosan coated liposome (SGC-SF-Lip). All formulations showed a narrow size distribution with a high encapsulation efficiency. Both GC-SF-Lip and SGC-SF-Lip exhibited good stability at acidic and neutral pHs without any significant drug leakage, while SF-Lip appeared to be unstable at pH 1.2. In the case of double coated SGC-SF-Lip, its size changed significantly at pH 7.4, due to the dissolution of Eudragit S100 coating layer into the surrounding medium. Compared to SF solution, all liposomal formulations demonstrated a higher cellular uptake in Caco-2 cells. In particular, SGC-SF-Lip displayed a lower cellular uptake than GC-SF-Lip at pH 6.5, but it achieved a similar cellular uptake to GC-SF-Lip at pH 7.4. Consistently, SGC-SF-Lip was less cytotoxic than GC-SF-Lip at pH 6.5, whereas it showed a comparable cytotoxicity to GC-SF-Lip at pH 7.4, implying the removal of the Eudragit S100 coating layer at pH 7.4. After an oral administration to rats, SGC-SF-Lip significantly improved the systemic exposure of SF, where its Cmax and AUC were approximately fourfold higher than the untreated drug. Collectively, SGC-SF-Lip appeared to be promising to enhance the oral absorption of SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Trenfield SJ, Madla CM, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Binder Jet Printing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90755-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Lee YS, Song JG, Lee SH, Han HK. Sustained-release solid dispersion of pelubiprofen using the blended mixture of aminoclay and pH independent polymers: preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1731-1739. [PMID: 29124978 PMCID: PMC8240988 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1399304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop the sustained-release oral dosage form of pelubiprofen (PEL) by using the blended mixture of 3-aminopropyl functionalized-magnesium phyllosilicate (aminoclay) and pH-independent polymers. The sustained-release solid dispersion (SRSD) was prepared by the solvent evaporation method and the optimal composition of SRSD was determined as the weight ratio of drug: Eudragit® RL PO: Eudragit® RS PO of 1:1:2 in the presence of 1% of aminoclay (SRSD(F6)). The dissolution profiles of SRSD(F6) were examined at different pHs and in the simulated intestinal fluids. The drug release from SRSD(F6) was limited at pH 1.2 and gradually increased at pH 6.8, resulting in the best fit to Higuchi equation. The sustained drug release from SRSD(F6) was also maintained in simulated intestinal fluid at fasted-state (FaSSIF) and fed-state (FeSSIF). The structural characteristics of SRSD(F6) were examined by using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), indicating the change of drug crystallinity to an amorphous form. After oral administration in rats, SRSD(F6) exhibited the prolonged drug exposure in plasma. For both PEL and PEL-transOH (active metabolite), once a day dosing of SRSD(F6) achieved oral exposure (AUC) comparable to those from the multiple dosing (3 times a day) of untreated drug. In addition, the in vivo absorption of SRSD(F6) was well-correlated with the in vitro dissolution data, establishing a good level A in vitro/in vivo correlation. These results suggest that SRSD(F6) should be promising for the sustained-release of PEL, thereby reducing the dosing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Song Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Guen Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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Halake K, Lee J. Functional hyaluronic acid conjugates based on natural polyphenols exhibit antioxidant, adhesive, gelation, and self-healing properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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