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Tan FH, Bronner ME. Regenerative loss in the animal kingdom as viewed from the mouse digit tip and heart. Dev Biol 2024; 507:44-63. [PMID: 38145727 PMCID: PMC10922877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth Hui Tan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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2
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Chatterjee E, Lehmann HI, Li G, Xiao J. Keeping the Heart Healthy: The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1088-1107. [PMID: 37132606 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heart failure is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes. Although the adult mammalian hearts have limited regenerative capacity, the rate of regeneration is extremely low and decreases with age. Exercise is an effective means to improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of how exercise acts on cardiomyocytes are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of exercise in cardiomyocytes and cardiac regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent advances have shown that the effects of exercise on cardiomyocytes are critical for cardiac repair and regeneration. Exercise can induce cardiomyocyte growth by increasing the size and number. It can induce physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we have discussed the molecular mechanisms and recent studies of exercise-induced cardiac regeneration, with a focus on its effects on cardiomyocytes. Critical Issues: There is no effective way to promote cardiac regeneration. Moderate exercise can keep the heart healthy by encouraging adult cardiomyocytes to survive and regenerate. Therefore, exercise could be a promising tool for stimulating the regenerative capability of the heart and keeping the heart healthy. Future Directions: Although exercise is an important measure to promote cardiomyocyte growth and subsequent cardiac regeneration, more studies are needed on how to do beneficial exercise and what factors are involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Thus, it is important to clarify the mechanisms, pathways, and other critical factors involved in the exercise-mediated cardiac repair and regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1088-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Jiao C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang J. Zebrafish heart regeneration after coronary dysfunction-induced cardiac damage. Dev Biol 2022; 487:57-66. [PMID: 35490764 PMCID: PMC11017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various zebrafish injury models demonstrated efficient heart regeneration after cardiac tissue loss. However, no established coronary vessel injury methods exist in the zebrafish model, despite coronary endothelial dysfunction occurring in most patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is due to difficulties performing surgery on small coronary vessels and a lack of genetic tools to precisely manipulate coronary cells in zebrafish. We determined that the Notch ligand gene deltaC regulatory sequences drive gene expression in zebrafish coronary endothelial cells, enabling us to overcome these obstacles. We created a deltaC fluorescent reporter line and visualized robust coronary growth during heart development and regeneration. Importantly, this reporter facilitated the visualization of coronary growth without an endocardial background. Moreover, we visualized robust coronary growth on the surface of juvenile hearts and regrowth in the wounded area of adult hearts ex vivo. With this approach, we observed growth inhibition by reported vascular growth antagonists of the VEGF, EGF and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, we established a coronary genetic ablation system and observed that severe coronary endothelial cell loss resulted in fish death, whereas fish survived mild coronary cell loss. Coronary cell depletion triggered regenerative responses, which resulted in the restoration of damaged cardiac tissues within several weeks. Overall, our work demonstrated the efficacy of using deltaC regulatory elements for high-resolution visualization of the coronary endothelium; screening small molecules for coronary growth effects; and revealed complete recovery in adult zebrafish after coronary-induced heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Molecular and Cellular Analysis of the Repair of Zebrafish Optic Tectum Meninges Following Laser Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132016. [PMID: 35805100 PMCID: PMC9266167 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied cell recruitment following optic tectum (OT) injury in zebrafish (Danio rerio), which has a remarkable ability to regenerate many of its organs, including the brain. The OT is the largest dorsal layered structure in the zebrafish brain. In juveniles, it is an ideal structure for imaging and dissection. We investigated the recruited cells within the juvenile OT during regeneration in a Pdgfrβ-Gal4:UAS-EGFP line in which pericytes, vascular, circulating, and meningeal cells are labeled, together with neurons and progenitors. We first performed high-resolution confocal microscopy and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) on EGFP-positive cells. We then tested three types of injury with very different outcomes (needle (mean depth in the OT of 200 µm); deep-laser (depth: 100 to 200 µm depth); surface-laser (depth: 0 to 100 µm)). Laser had the additional advantage of better mimicking of ischemic cerebral accidents. No massive recruitment of EGFP-positive cells was observed following laser injury deep in the OT. This type of injury does not perturb the meninx/brain–blood barrier (BBB). We also performed laser injuries at the surface of the OT, which in contrast create a breach in the meninges. Surprisingly, one day after such injury, we observed the migration to the injury site of various EGFP-positive cell types at the surface of the OT. The migrating cells included midline roof cells, which activated the PI3K-AKT pathway; fibroblast-like cells expressing numerous collagen genes and most prominently in 3D imaging; and a large number of arachnoid cells that probably migrate to the injury site through the activation of cilia motility genes, most likely being direct targets of the FOXJ1a gene. This study, combining high-content imaging and scRNAseq in physiological and pathological conditions, sheds light on meninges repair mechanisms in zebrafish that probably also operate in mammalian meninges.
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Peterson EA, Sun J, Wang J. Leukocyte-Mediated Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction in Non-Regenerative vs. Regenerative Systems. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:63. [PMID: 35200716 PMCID: PMC8877434 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive leukocytes rapidly mobilize to ischemic tissues after myocardial infarction in response to damage signals released from necrotic cells. Leukocytes play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration such as inflammation initiation and resolution; the removal of dead cells and debris; the deposition of the extracellular matrix and granulation tissue; supporting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation; and fibrotic scar generation and resolution. By organizing and comparing the present knowledge of leukocyte recruitment and function after cardiac injury in non-regenerative to regenerative systems, we propose that the leukocyte response to cardiac injury differs in non-regenerative adult mammals such as humans and mice in comparison to cardiac regenerative models such as neonatal mice and adult zebrafish. Specifically, extensive neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell persistence contributes to a lengthy inflammatory period in non-regenerative systems for adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure development, whereas their quick removal supports inflammation resolution in regenerative systems for new contractile tissue formation and coronary revascularization. Surprisingly, other leukocytes have not been examined in regenerative model systems. With this review, we aim to encourage the development of improved immune cell markers and tools in cardiac regenerative models for the identification of new immune targets in non-regenerative systems to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.A.P.); (J.S.)
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6
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Dynamic Patterns of N6-Methyladenosine Profiles of Messenger RNA Correlated with the Cardiomyocyte Regenerability during the Early Heart Development in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537804. [PMID: 34413927 PMCID: PMC8369182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) plays important roles in regulating mRNA processing. Despite rapid progress in this field, little is known about the role and mechanism of m6A modification in myocardial development and cardiomyocyte regeneration. Existing studies have shown that the heart tissues of newborn mice have the capability of proliferation and regeneration, but its mechanism, particularly its relation to m6A methylation, remains unknown. Methods. To systematically profile the mRNA m6A modification pattern in the heart tissues of mice at different developmental stages, we jointly performed methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of heart tissues of mice, respectively, aged 1 day old, 7 days old, and 28 days old. Results. We identified the linkages and association between differentially expressed mRNA transcripts and hyper or hypomethylated m6A peaks in C57BL/6J mice at different heart developmental stages. Results showed that the amount of m6A peaks and the level of m6A modification were the lowest in the heart of mice at 1 day old. By contrast, heart tissues from 7-day-old mice tended to possess the most m6A peaks and the highest global m6A level. However, the m6A characteristics of myocardial tissue changed little after 7 days old as compared to that of 1 day old. Specifically, we found 1269 downmethylated genes of 1434 methylated genes in 7-day-old mouse heart tissues as compared to those in 1-day-old mice. Hypermethylation of some specific genes may correlate with the heart's strong proliferative and regenerative capability at the first day after birth. In terms of m6A density, the tendency shifted from coding sequences (CDS) to 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTR) and stop codon with the progression of heart development. In addition, some genes demonstrated remarkable changes both in methylation and expression, like kiss1, plekha6, and megf6, which may play important roles in proliferation. Furthermore, signaling pathways highly related to proliferation such as “Wnt signaling pathway,” “ECM-receptor interaction,” and “cardiac chamber formation” were significantly enriched in 1-day-old methylated genes. Conclusions. Our results reveal a pattern that different m6A modifications are distributed in C57BL/6J heart tissue at different developmental stages, which provides new insights into a novel function of m6A methylation of mRNA in myocardial development and regeneration.
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Ryan R, Moyse BR, Richardson RJ. Zebrafish cardiac regeneration-looking beyond cardiomyocytes to a complex microenvironment. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:533-548. [PMID: 32926230 PMCID: PMC7609419 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of heart repair post-myocardial infarction has historically focused on the importance of cardiomyocyte proliferation as the major factor limiting adult mammalian heart regeneration. However, there is mounting evidence that a narrow focus on this one cell type discounts the importance of a complex cascade of cell-cell communication involving a whole host of different cell types. A major difficulty in the study of heart regeneration is the rarity of this process in adult animals, meaning a mammalian template for how this can be achieved is lacking. Here, we review the adult zebrafish as an ideal and unique model in which to study the underlying mechanisms and cell types required to attain complete heart regeneration following cardiac injury. We provide an introduction to the role of the cardiac microenvironment in the complex regenerative process and discuss some of the key advances using this in vivo vertebrate model that have recently increased our understanding of the vital roles of multiple different cell types. Due to the sheer number of exciting studies describing new and unexpected roles for inflammatory cell populations in cardiac regeneration, this review will pay particular attention to these important microenvironment participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ryan
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Bethany R Moyse
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Rebecca J Richardson
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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8
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Wang Y, Minarsky A, Penner R, Soulé C, Morozova N. Model of Morphogenesis. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:1373-1383. [DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrey Minarsky
- St-Petersburg Academic University, National Research Academic University, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robert Penner
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Soulé
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Nadya Morozova
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR9198, I2BC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIN RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Lee S, Hesse R, Tamaki S, Garland C, Pomerantz JH. Human ARF Specifically Inhibits Epimorphic Regeneration in the Zebrafish Heart. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060666. [PMID: 32570883 PMCID: PMC7349231 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alternative Reading Frame (ARF) protein is a tumor suppressor encoded by the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A gene in mammals but not lower regenerative vertebrates, and has been previously implicated as a context-sensitive suppressor of regeneration in murine skeletal muscle and humanized ARF-expressing zebrafish fins. This study extends our investigation of the role of ARF in the regeneration of other solid tissues, including the zebrafish heart and the mammalian digit. Heart regeneration after cryoinjury was used to mimic massive myocardial infarction. ARF gene expression was upregulated during the cardiac regenerative process and slowed the rate of morphological recovery. ARF specifically impacts cardiomyocytes, neovascularization, and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition, while not affecting epicardial proliferation. This suggests that in the context of regeneration, ARF is specifically expressed in cells undergoing dedifferentiation. To investigate ARF as a suppressor of epimorphic regeneration in mammalian systems, we also tested whether the absence of ARF was permissive for murine digit regeneration, but found that ARF absence alone was insufficient to significantly alter digit restoration. These findings provide additional evidence that ARF suppresses epimorphic regeneration, but suggests that modulation of ARF alone is insufficient to permit regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Robert Hesse
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Catharine Garland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Jason H. Pomerantz
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shrestha R, Lieberth J, Tillman S, Natalizio J, Bloomekatz J. Using Zebrafish to Analyze the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Congenital Heart Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:189-223. [PMID: 32304074 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common human birth defects. However, the etiology of a large proportion of CHDs remains undefined. Studies identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiac development have been critical to elucidating the origin of CHDs. Building upon this knowledge to understand the pathogenesis of CHDs requires examining how genetic or environmental stress changes normal cardiac development. Due to strong molecular conservation to humans and unique technical advantages, studies using zebrafish have elucidated both fundamental principles of cardiac development and have been used to create cardiac disease models. In this chapter we examine the unique toolset available to zebrafish researchers and how those tools are used to interrogate the genetic and environmental contributions to CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Savanna Tillman
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Natalizio
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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11
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Jaźwińska A, Blanchoud S. Towards deciphering variations of heart regeneration in fish. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates cardioprotection and the proliferative activity in the adult zebrafish heart. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:2. [PMID: 30701084 PMCID: PMC6345746 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish can regenerate their hearts after injury via proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The cell-cycle entry of zebrafish cardiac cells can also be stimulated through preconditioning by thoracotomy, a chest incision without myocardial damage. To identify effector genes of heart preconditioning, we performed transcriptome analysis of ventricles from thoracotomized zebrafish. This intervention led to enrichment of cardioprotective factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes, matrix proteins and components of LIFR/gp130 signaling. We identified that inhibition of the downstream signal transducer of the LIFR/gp130 pathway through treatment with Ruxolitinib, a specific JAK1/2 antagonist, suppressed the cellular effects of preconditioning. Activation of LIFR/gp130 signaling by a single injection of the ligand Cilliary Neurotrophic Factor, CNTF, was sufficient to trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation in the intact heart. In addition, CNTF induced other pro-regenerative processes, including expression of cardioprotective genes, activation of the epicardium, enhanced intramyocardial Collagen XII deposition and leucocyte recruitment. These effects were abrogated by the concomitant inhibition of the JAK/STAT activity. Mutation of the cntf gene suppressed the proliferative response of cardiomyocytes after thoracotomy. In the regenerating zebrafish heart, CNTF injection prior to ventricular cryoinjury improved the initiation of regeneration via reduced cell apoptosis and boosted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings reveal the molecular effectors of preconditioning and demonstrate that exogenous CNTF exerts beneficial regenerative effects by rendering the heart more resilient to injury and efficient in activation of the proliferative programs.
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Lázár E, Sadek HA, Bergmann O. Cardiomyocyte renewal in the human heart: insights from the fall-out. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:2333-2342. [PMID: 28810672 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the mammalian heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes has been debated over the last decades. However, limitations in existing techniques to track and identify nascent cardiomyocytes have often led to inconsistent results. Radiocarbon (14C) birth dating, in combination with other quantitative strategies, allows to establish the number and age of human cardiomyocytes, making it possible to describe their age distribution and turnover dynamics. Accurate estimates of cardiomyocyte generation in the adult heart can provide the foundation for novel regenerative strategies that aim to stimulate cardiomyocyte renewal in various cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Lázár
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, D-01307, Germany
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14
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Wu J, Jackson-Weaver O, Xu J. The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:323-335. [PMID: 29462261 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily includes the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and Activin/Inhibin families of ligands. Among the 33 members of TGFβ superfamily ligands, many act on multiple types of cells within the heart, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells (e.g. monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in different cardiac residential cellular components, in association with functional impacts in heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction. Specifically, we will review the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractility, metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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15
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Huang W, Feng Y, Liang J, Yu H, Wang C, Wang B, Wang M, Jiang L, Meng W, Cai W, Medvedovic M, Chen J, Paul C, Davidson WS, Sadayappan S, Stambrook PJ, Yu XY, Wang Y. Loss of microRNA-128 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 29453456 PMCID: PMC5816015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of replenishing the cardiomyocyte (CM) population using regenerative therapies following myocardial infarction (MI) is hampered by the limited regeneration capacity of adult CMs, partially due to their withdrawal from the cell cycle. Here, we show that microRNA-128 (miR-128) is upregulated in CMs during the postnatal switch from proliferation to terminal differentiation. In neonatal mice, cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-128 impairs CM proliferation and cardiac function, while miR-128 deletion extends proliferation of postnatal CMs by enhancing expression of the chromatin modifier SUZ12, which suppresses p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) expression and activates the positive cell cycle regulators Cyclin E and CDK2. Furthermore, deletion of miR-128 promotes cell cycle re-entry of adult CMs, thereby reducing the levels of fibrosis, and attenuating cardiac dysfunction in response to MI. These results suggest that miR-128 serves as a critical regulator of endogenous CM proliferation, and might be a novel therapeutic target for heart repair. During early postnatal development in mammals, cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle, losing their regenerative capacity. Here the authors show that, following myocardial infarction, loss of microRNA-128 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in adult mice partly via enhancing the expression of the chromatin modifier SUZ12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Boyu Wang
- Samaritan Medical Center, 830 Washington Street, Watertown, NY, 13601, USA
| | - Mingyang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Wei Meng
- Division of Liver Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jenny Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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16
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de Sousa N, Rodríguez-Esteban G, Rojo-Laguna JI, Saló E, Adell T. Hippo signaling controls cell cycle and restricts cell plasticity in planarians. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002399. [PMID: 29357350 PMCID: PMC5794332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a key role in regulating cell turnover in adult tissues, and abnormalities in this pathway are consistently associated with human cancers. Hippo was initially implicated in the control of cell proliferation and death, and its inhibition is linked to the expansion of stem cells and progenitors, leading to larger organ size and tumor formation. To understand the mechanism by which Hippo directs cell renewal and promotes stemness, we studied its function in planarians. These stem cell-based organisms are ideal models for the analysis of the complex cellular events underlying tissue renewal in the whole organism. hippo RNA interference (RNAi) in planarians decreased apoptotic cell death, induced cell cycle arrest, and could promote the dedifferentiation of postmitotic cells. hippo RNAi resulted in extensive undifferentiated areas and overgrowths, with no effect on body size or cell number. We propose an essential role for hippo in controlling cell cycle, restricting cell plasticity, and thereby preventing tumoral transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez-Esteban
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Rojo-Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Emili Saló
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Teresa Adell
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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17
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Liu T, Wu H, Wu S, Wang C. Single-Cell Sequencing Technologies for Cardiac Stem Cell Studies. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1540-1551. [PMID: 28859577 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Today with the rapid advancements in stem cell studies and the promising potential of using stem cells in clinical therapy, there is an increasing demand for in-depth comprehensive analysis on individual cell transcriptome and epigenome, as they play critical roles in a number of cell functions such as cell differentiation, growth, and reprogramming. The development of single-cell sequencing technologies has helped in revealing some exciting new perspectives in stem cells and regenerative medicine research. Among the various potential applications, single-cell analysis for cardiac stem cells (CSCs) holds tremendous promises in understanding the mechanisms of heart development and regeneration, which might light up the path toward cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases. This review briefly highlights the recent progresses in single-cell sequencing analysis technologies and their applications in CSC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- 1 Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Hongjin Wu
- 1 Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California.,2 Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- 2 Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Charles Wang
- 1 Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
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18
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Stem cells and genome editing: approaches to tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:165-178. [PMID: 29192237 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basis of regeneration of each tissue and organ, and incorporating this knowledge into clinical treatments for degenerative tissues and organs in patients, are major goals for researchers in regenerative biology. Here we provide an overview of current work, from high-regeneration animal models, to stem cell-based culture models, transplantation technologies, large-animal chimeric models, and programmable nuclease-based genome-editing technologies. Three-dimensional culture generating organoids, which represents intact tissue/organ identity including cell fate and morphology are getting more general approaches in the fields by taking advantage of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. The organoid culture system potentially has profound impact on the field of regenerative medicine. We also emphasize that the large animal model, in particular pig model would be a hope to manufacture humanized organs in in vivo empty (vacant) niche, which now potentially allows not only appropriate cell fate identity but nearly the same property as human organs in size. Therefore, integrative and collaborative researches across different fields might be critical to the aims needed in clinical trial.
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19
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Graham E, Bergmann O. Dating the Heart: Exploring Cardiomyocyte Renewal in Humans. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:33-41. [PMID: 27927803 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative mechanisms reported in the hearts of lower vertebrates have been recapitulated in the mammalian milieu, and recent studies have provided strong evidence for cardiomyocyte turnover in humans. These findings speak to an emerging consensus that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes do have the ability to divide, and it stands to reason that enrichment of this innate proliferative capacity should prove essential for complete cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Graham
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Garreta E, Prado P, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Non-coding microRNAs for cardiac regeneration: Exploring novel alternatives to induce heart healing. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:93-99. [PMID: 30159426 PMCID: PMC6096419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, different studies have revealed that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have the capacity to self-renew under homeostatic conditions and after myocardial injury. Interestingly, data from animal models capable of regeneration, such as the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice, have identified different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as functional RNA molecules driving cardiac regeneration and repair. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles that a specific subset of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNA), plays in these animal models. We also emphasize the importance of characterizing and manipulating miRNAs as a novel approach to awaken the dormant regenerative potential of the adult mammalian heart by the administration of miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Overall, the use of these strategies alone or in combination with current cardiac therapies may represent new avenues to pursue for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Prado
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Pfefferli C, Jaźwińska A. The careg element reveals a common regulation of regeneration in the zebrafish myocardium and fin. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15151. [PMID: 28466843 PMCID: PMC5418624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of common mechanisms regulating organ regeneration is an intriguing concept. Here we report on a regulatory element that is transiently activated during heart and fin regeneration in zebrafish. This element contains a ctgfa upstream sequence, called careg, which is induced by TGFβ/Activin-β signalling in the peri-injury zone of the myocardium and the fin mesenchyme. In addition, this reporter demarcates a primordial cardiac layer and intraray osteoblasts. Using genetic fate mapping, we show the regenerative competence of careg-expressing cells. The analysis of the heart reveals that the primordial cardiac layer is incompletely restored after cryoinjury, whereas trabecular and cortical cardiomyocytes contribute to myocardial regrowth. In regenerating fins, the activated mesenchyme of the stump gives rise to the blastema. Our findings provide evidence of a common regenerative programme in cardiomyocytes and mesenchyme that opens the possibility to further explore conserved mechanisms of the cellular plasticity in diverse vertebrate organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pfefferli
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Münch J, Grivas D, González-Rajal Á, Torregrosa-Carrión R, de la Pompa JL. Notch signalling restricts inflammation and serpine1 expression in the dynamic endocardium of the regenerating zebrafish heart. Development 2017; 144:1425-1440. [PMID: 28242613 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish heart regenerates after ventricular damage through a process involving inflammation, fibrotic tissue deposition/removal and myocardial regeneration. Using 3D whole-mount imaging, we reveal a highly dynamic endocardium during cardiac regeneration, including changes in cell morphology, behaviour and gene expression. These events lay the foundation for an initial expansion of the endocardium that matures to form a coherent endocardial structure within the injury site. We studied two important endocardial molecules, Serpine1 and Notch, which are implicated in different aspects of endocardial regeneration. Notch signalling regulates developmental gene expression and features of endocardial maturation. Also, Notch manipulation interferes with attenuation of the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation. serpine1 is strongly expressed very early in the wound endocardium, with decreasing expression at later time points. serpine1 expression persists in Notch-abrogated hearts, via what appears to be a conserved mechanism. Functional inhibition studies show that Serpine1 controls endocardial maturation and proliferation and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, we describe a highly dynamic endocardium in the regenerating zebrafish heart, with two key endocardial players, Serpine1 and Notch signalling, regulating crucial regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Münch
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Grivas
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Rajal
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain .,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Proteolysis regulates cardiomyocyte maturation and tissue integration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14495. [PMID: 28211472 PMCID: PMC5321751 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue integrity is critical for organ formation and function. During heart development, cardiomyocytes differentiate and integrate to form a coherent tissue that contracts synchronously. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac tissue integrity are poorly understood. Here we show that proteolysis, via the E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB2, regulates cardiomyocyte maturation and tissue integrity. Cardiomyocytes in asb2b zebrafish mutants fail to terminally differentiate, resulting in reduced cardiac contractility and output. Mosaic analyses reveal a cell-autonomous requirement for Asb2b in cardiomyocytes for their integration as asb2b mutant cardiomyocytes are unable to meld into wild-type myocardial tissue. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that ASB2 negatively regulates TCF3, a bHLH transcription factor. TCF3 must be degraded for cardiomyocyte maturation, as TCF3 gain-of-function causes a number of phenotypes associated with cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation. Overall, our results show that proteolysis has an important role in cardiomyocyte maturation and the formation of a coherent myocardial tissue. Proper heart development and synchronous cardiomyocyte contraction rely on tissue integrity. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB2 in particular are crucial for cardiomyocyte maturation and tissue integrity through the degradation of the TCF3 transcription factor.
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24
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Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Patra BC, Nam JS, Chakraborty C, Lee SS. The crucial role and regulations of miRNAs in zebrafish development. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:17-31. [PMID: 26820151 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To comprehend the events during developmental biology, fundamental knowledge about the basic machinery of regulation is a prerequisite. MicroRNA (miRNAs) act as regulators in most of the biological processes and recently, it has been concluded that miRNAs can act as modulatory factors even during developmental process from lower to higher animal. Zebrafish, because of its favorable attributes like tiny size, transparent embryo, and rapid external embryonic development, has gained a preferable status among all other available experimental animal models. Currently, zebrafish is being utilized for experimental studies related to stem cells, regenerative molecular medicine as well drug discovery. Therefore, it is important to understand precisely about the various miRNAs that controls developmental biology of this vertebrate model. In here, we have discussed about the miRNA-controlled zebrafish developmental stages with a special emphasis on different miRNA families such as miR-430, miR-200, and miR-133. Moreover, we have also reviewed the role of various miRNAs during embryonic and vascular development stages of zebrafish. In addition, efforts have been made to summarize the involvement of miRNAs in the development of different body parts such as the brain, eye, heart, muscle, and fin, etc. In each section, we have tried to fulfill the gaps of zebrafish developmental biology with the help of available knowledge of miRNA research. We hope that precise knowledge about the miRNA-regulated developmental stages of zebrafish may further help the researchers to efficiently utilize this vertebrate model for experimental purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Bhattacharya
- Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Ju-Suk Nam
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea.
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Hospital-College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abstract
Cell therapies have been explored as a potential treatment avenue to treat heart diseases, such as myocardial infarction, doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Embryonic and adult stem cells (ASCs) have been examined in animal and clinical settings. Unlike embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, ASCs do not pose a threat to form teratomas, nor do they have immune system concerns, making them ideal for therapeutic use in humans. In this review, we will investigate different characteristics and sources of adult stem cells and progenitor cells, as well as determine their efficacy in cell transplantation in experimental and clinical trials. In addition, we will propose other research avenues that may promote further understanding and use of ASCs in therapeutic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Johnson
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, USA.
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26
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Kim Y, Nam HG, Valenzano DR. The short-lived African turquoise killifish: an emerging experimental model for ageing. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:115-29. [PMID: 26839399 PMCID: PMC4770150 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ageing is a fundamental biological process that leads to functional decay, increased risk for various diseases and, ultimately, death. Some of the basic biological mechanisms underlying human ageing are shared with other organisms; thus, animal models have been invaluable in providing key mechanistic and molecular insights into the common bases of biological ageing. In this Review, we briefly summarise the major applications of the most commonly used model organisms adopted in ageing research and highlight their relevance in understanding human ageing. We compare the strengths and limitations of different model organisms and discuss in detail an emerging ageing model, the short-lived African turquoise killifish. We review the recent progress made in using the turquoise killifish to study the biology of ageing and discuss potential future applications of this promising animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D50931, Cologne, Germany Department of New Biology, DGIST, 711-873, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, 711-873, Daegu, Republic of Korea Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, 711-873, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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27
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Rubin N, Harrison MR, Krainock M, Kim R, Lien CL. Recent advancements in understanding endogenous heart regeneration-insights from adult zebrafish and neonatal mice. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:34-40. [PMID: 27132022 PMCID: PMC5028242 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the endogenous regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is a promising strategy that can lead to potential treatment of injured cardiac tissues. Studies on heart regeneration in zebrafish and neonatal mice have shown that cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for replenishing myocardium. We will review recent advancements that have demonstrated the importance of Neuregulin 1/ErbB2 and innervation in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation using both adult zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart regeneration models. Emerging findings suggest that different populations of macrophages and inflammation might contribute to regenerative versus fibrotic responses. Finally, we will discuss variation in the severity of the cardiac injury and size of the wound, which may explain the range of outcomes observed in different injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rubin
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Michael Krainock
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Richard Kim
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States.
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28
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Vivien CJ, Hudson JE, Porrello ER. Evolution, comparative biology and ontogeny of vertebrate heart regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2016; 1:16012. [PMID: 29302337 PMCID: PMC5744704 DOI: 10.1038/npjregenmed.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 64,000 living species of vertebrates on our planet and all of them have a heart. Comparative analyses devoted to understanding the regenerative potential of the myocardium have been performed in a dozen vertebrate species with the aim of developing regenerative therapies for human heart disease. Based on this relatively small selection of animal models, important insights into the evolutionary conservation of regenerative mechanisms have been gained. In this review, we survey cardiac regeneration studies in diverse species to provide an evolutionary context for the lack of regenerative capacity in the adult mammalian heart. Our analyses highlight the importance of cardiac adaptations that have occurred over hundreds of millions of years during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, as well as during the transition from the womb to an oxygen-rich environment at birth. We also discuss the evolution and ontogeny of cardiac morphological, physiological and metabolic adaptations in the context of heart regeneration. Taken together, our findings suggest that cardiac regenerative potential correlates with a low-metabolic state, the inability to regulate body temperature, low heart pressure, hypoxia, immature cardiomyocyte structure and an immature immune system. A more complete understanding of the evolutionary context and developmental mechanisms governing cardiac regenerative capacity would provide stronger scientific foundations for the translation of cardiac regeneration therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine J Vivien
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Tahara N, Brush M, Kawakami Y. Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:774-87. [PMID: 27085002 PMCID: PMC5839122 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish possess the remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts as adults, which contrasts the very limited ability in mammals. Although very limited, mammalian hearts do in fact have measurable levels of cardiomyocyte regeneration. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of zebrafish heart regeneration would provide information of naturally occurring regeneration to potentially apply to mammalian studies, in addition to addressing this biologically interesting phenomenon in itself. Studies over the past 13 years have identified processes and mechanisms of heart regeneration in zebrafish. After heart injury, pre-existing cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and repair the injured myocardium. This process requires interaction with epicardial cells, endocardial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Epicardial cells envelope the heart, while endocardial cells make up the inner lining of the heart. They provide paracrine signals to cardiomyocytes to regenerate the injured myocardium, which is vascularized during heart regeneration. In addition, accumulating results suggest that local migration of these major cardiac cell types have roles in heart regeneration. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various heart injury methods used in the research community and regeneration of the major cardiac cell types. Then, we discuss local migration of these cardiac cell types and immune cells during heart regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 245:774-787, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Brush
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Tettamanti G, Anastasia L. A chemical approach to myocardial protection and regeneration. Eur Heart J Suppl 2016; 18:E1-E7. [PMID: 28533708 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of generating induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human adult fibroblasts has introduced new perspectives for possible therapeutic strategies to repair damaged hearts. However, obtaining large numbers of adult stem cells is still an ongoing challenge, and the safety of genetic reprogramming with lenti- or retro-viruses has several drawbacks not easy to be addressed. Furthermore, the majority of adult stem cell-based clinical trials for heart regeneration have had generally poor and controversial results. Nonetheless, it is now clear that the injected cells activate the growth and differentiation of progenitor cells that are already present in the heart. This is achieved by the release of signalling factors and/or exosomes carrying them. Along this line, chemistry may play a major role in developing new strategies for activating resident stem cells to regenerate the heart. In particular, this review focuses on small molecule approaches for cell reprogramming, cell differentiation, and activation of cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adult Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17686. [PMID: 26657817 PMCID: PMC4677315 DOI: 10.1038/srep17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that mammalian adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are terminally-differentiated and are unable to proliferate. Recently, using a bi-transgenic ACM fate mapping mouse model and an in vitro culture system, we demonstrated that adult mouse cardiomyocytes were able to dedifferentiate into cardiac progenitor-like cells (CPCs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of their intrinsic cellular plasticity. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and cell cycle reentry of mouse ACMs. Compared to parental cardiomyocytes, dedifferentiated mouse cardiomyocyte-derived CPCs (mCPCs) display epigenomic reprogramming with many differentially-methylated regions, both hypermethylated and hypomethylated, across the entire genome. Correlated well with the methylome, our transcriptomic data showed that the genes encoding cardiac structure and function proteins are remarkably down-regulated in mCPCs, while those for cell cycle, proliferation, and stemness are significantly up-regulated. In addition, implantation of mCPCs into infarcted mouse myocardium improves cardiac function with augmented left ventricular ejection fraction. Our study demonstrates that the cellular plasticity of mammalian cardiomyocytes is the result of a well-orchestrated epigenomic reprogramming and a subsequent global transcriptomic alteration.
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