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Alsamhary K. Evaluating the Expression of Efflux Pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Exposure to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride, and Octenidine Dihydrochloride. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:385-390. [PMID: 39082183 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2024.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging resistance of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to commonly used detergents and disinfectant is encountering us with hazard. Inappropriate use of disinfectants has forced bacteria to gain resistance. The ability of bacteria to extrude substrates from the cellular interior to the external environment has enabled them to persist in exposure to toxic compounds, which is due to existence of transport proteins. Efflux pumps, in Gram-negative bacteria, are proteins responsible for exporting molecules outside of the cell, by crossing the two membranes. In this study, 40 P. aeruginosa strains from hospitals, clinics, and burn center laundries and 40 P. aeruginosa strains from urban laundries were collected. This study evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) level of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and octenidine dihydrochloride (Od) in P. aeruginosa strains. The real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-OprM efflux system. The obtained results indicated a higher MIC level for SDS, DDAC, and Od in medical laundries. The sub-MIC level of DDAC and Od increased the expression level of MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-OprM in P. aeruginosa strains, suggesting that efflux pumps contribute to disinfectant resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Nawaz A, Zafar S, Alessa AH, Khalid NA, Shahzadi M, Majid A, Badshah M, Shah AA, Khan S. Characterization of ES10 lytic bacteriophage isolated from hospital waste against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1320974. [PMID: 38525078 PMCID: PMC10957765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1320974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the major causative agent of urinary tract infections worldwide and the emergence of multi-drug resistant determinants among clinical isolates necessitates the development of novel therapeutic agents. Lytic bacteriophages efficiently kill specific bacteria and seems promising approach in controlling infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. This study aimed the isolation and detailed characterization of lytic bacteriophage designated as ES10 capable of lysing multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli. ES10 had icosahedral head and non-contractile tail and genome size was 48,315 base pairs long encoding 74 proteins. Antibiotics resistance, virulence and lysogenic cycle associated genes were not found in ES10 phage genome. Morphological and whole genome analysis of ES10 phage showed that ES10 is the member of Drexlerviridae. Latent time of ES10 was 30 min, burst size was 90, and optimal multiplicity of infection was 1. ES10 was stable in human blood and subsequently caused 99.34% reduction of host bacteria. Calcium chloride shortened the adsorption time and latency period of ES10 and significantly inhibited biofilm formation of host bacteria. ES10 caused 99.84% reduction of host bacteria from contaminated fomites. ES10 phage possesses potential to be utilized in standard phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabeena Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ahmed Khalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muqaddas Shahzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alina Majid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Fei B, Li D, Liu X, You X, Guo M, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhu R, Li Y. Characterization and genomic analysis of a broad-spectrum lytic phage HZ2201 and its antibiofilm efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Virus Res 2023; 335:199184. [PMID: 37532140 PMCID: PMC10407953 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically common conditionally pathogenic bacterium, and the abuse of antibiotics has exacerbated its drug resistance in recent years. This has resulted in extensive reports about the usage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage as a novel antibacterial drug. In this study, we isolated a novel phage HZ2201 with a broad lytic spectrum. The lytic rate of this phage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa reached 78.38% (29/37), including 25 multi-drug- and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage HZ2201 belongs to the class Caudoviricetes. Biological characterization showed that phage HZ2201 had an latent period of 40 min, a lytic period of 20 min, and a burst size of 440 PFU/cell, with improved tolerance to temperature and pH. Considering genomic analysis, the HZ2201 genome was a circular double-stranded DNA with a size of 45,431 bp and a guanine-cytosine (G + C) content of 52.16%, and contained 3 tRNAs. 27 of the 74 open reading frames (ORFs) annotated by the Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) tool could be matched to the genomes of known functions, and no genes related to virulence and antibiotic resistance were found. The phylogenetic tree suggests that phage HZ2201 is highly related to the phage ZCPS1 and PaP3, and ORF57 and ORF17 are predicted to encode a holin and an endolysin, respectively. Cell lysis by HZ2201 proceeds through the holin-endolysin system, suggesting that it is a novel phage. Additionally, we demonstrated that phage HZ2201 has a high inhibitory capacity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The results of our study suggest that phage HZ2201 is a novel potential antimicrobial agent for treating drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fei
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dengzhou Li
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes &Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Identification of Pathogenic Microbes, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Antibiotics-Resistant Bacterial Infection Prevention & Therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaojuan You
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanying Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes &Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Identification of Pathogenic Microbes, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Antibiotics-Resistant Bacterial Infection Prevention & Therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yongwei Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Arnoldo L, Volta A, Bisi M, Antonioli P, Laurenti P, Ricciardi W, Vincenti S, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Potential Use of a Combined Bacteriophage–Probiotic Sanitation System to Control Microbial Contamination and AMR in Healthcare Settings: A Pre-Post Intervention Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076535. [PMID: 37047510 PMCID: PMC10095405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination in the hospital environment is a major concern for public health, since it significantly contributes to the onset of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are further complicated by the alarming level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of HAI-associated pathogens. Chemical disinfection to control bioburden has a temporary effect and can favor the selection of resistant pathogens, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, probiotic-based sanitation (probiotic cleaning hygiene system, PCHS) was reported to stably abate pathogens, AMR, and HAIs. PCHS action is not rapid nor specific, being based on competitive exclusion, but the addition of lytic bacteriophages that quickly and specifically kill selected bacteria was shown to improve PCHS effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of such combined probiotic–phage sanitation (PCHSφ) in two Italian hospitals, targeting staphylococcal contamination. The results showed that PCHSφ could provide a significantly higher removal of staphylococci, including resistant strains, compared with disinfectants (−76%, p < 0.05) and PCHS alone (−50%, p < 0.05). Extraordinary sporadic chlorine disinfection appeared compatible with PCHSφ, while frequent routine chlorine usage inactivated the probiotic/phage components, preventing PCHSφ action. The collected data highlight the potential of a biological sanitation for better control of the infectious risk in healthcare facilities, without worsening pollution and AMR concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Antonioli
- Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Laurenti
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Vincenti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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