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Tirehdast A, Sheikhi-Mohammareh S, Sabet-Sarvestani H, Organ MG, Semeniuchenko V, Shiri A. Design and synthesis of novel main protease inhibitors of COVID-19: quinoxalino[2,1- b]quinazolin-12-ones. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29122-29133. [PMID: 39282064 PMCID: PMC11393744 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a substantial global challenge, being a significant cause of mortality in numerous countries. Thus, it is imperative to conduct research to develop effective therapies to combat COVID-19. The primary aim of this study is to employ a two-step tandem reaction involving 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline and 2-amino-N-substituted benzamides in alkaline media/DMF at an elevated temperature to design and synthesize a series of polycyclic derivatives endowed with quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolin-12-one framework. Following synthesis, the newly synthesized heterocycles were evaluated for their potential as inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by means of molecular docking and dynamic simulation techniques. The in silico investigation demonstrated that all tested compounds effectively establish stable binding interactions, primarily through multiple hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, at the active site of the enzyme. These findings offer crucial structural insights that can be employed in future endeavors toward designing potent inhibitors targeting the main protease (Mpro). Among the investigated compounds, the p-tolylamino-substituted quinoxalino[2,1-b]quinazolinone derivative exhibited the most promise as an inhibitor of the main protease in COVID-19. Consequently, it warrants further investigation both in vitro and in vivo to identify it as a prospective candidate for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tirehdast
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | | | | | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada
| | - Volodymyr Semeniuchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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Huang W, Zheng N, Niu N, Tan Y, Li Y, Tian H. Potent anti-angiogenic component in Kaempferia galanga L. and its mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117811. [PMID: 38286156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, the roots of Kaempferia galanga has been used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, headache, toothache, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, inflammation and cancer in Asia. Nevertheless, most of its pharmacological studies were focused on ethanolic extracts and volatile oils. The exact active chemical constituents and their underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, especially towards its anti-cancer treatment. Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important atrategy to inhibit tumor growth. It has been reported that the low polar component of the plant possessed anti-angiogenic activity. Yet, the potent compound which is responsible for the effect and its molecular mechanism has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the potent anti-angiogenic component in K.galanga and its mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS The low polar components of the plant were concentrated using the methods of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), subcritical extraction (SCE) and steam distillation (SD). The anti-angiogenic activity of the three extracts was evaluated using a zebrafish model. The content of the active compound in those extracts was determined with HPLC analysis. The in-vitro and in-vivo activity of the isolated compound was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model, the aortic ring assay and the matrigel plug assay, respectively. Its molecular mechanism was further studied by the western blotting assay and computer-docking experiments. Besides, its cytotoxicity on cancer and normal cell lines was evaluated using the cell-counting kit. RESULTS HPLC results showed that trans-ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (TEM) was the major component of the extracts. The extract of SFE showed the best effect as it has the highest content of TEM. TEM could inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced viability, migration, invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Moreover, it inhibited VEGF-induced sprout formation ex vivo and vessel formation in vivo. Mechanistic study showed that it could suppress tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor of VEGF (VEGFR2) and alter its downstream signaling pathways. In addition, the molecular docking showed that the binding of TEM and VEGFR2 is stable, which mainly attributed to the non-covalent binding interaction. Beside, TEM possessed little toxicity to both cancer and normal cells. CONCLUSION TEM is the major anti-angiogenic component present in K. galanga and its anti-angiogenic property rather than toxicity provides scientific basis for the traditional use of K. galanga in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nianjue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naxin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Moghimi P, Sabet-Sarvestani H, Shiri A. Synthesis, molecular docking and dynamics studies of pyridazino[4,5- b]quinoxalin-1(2 H)-ones as targeting main protease of COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13198-13210. [PMID: 36951505 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a crisis in public health. Because, the 3CLpro, the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, possesses a critical role in coronavirus replication, many efforts have been devoted to developing various inhibitors to prevent the fast spread of COVID-19. In the current work, a number of various pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoxalin-1(2H)-one derivatives bearing thiadiazine and thiadiazole fragments has been prepared via a straightforward and practical strategy involving the reaction of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-formylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide with thiocarbohydrazide under reflux conditions. To determine the bioavailability of pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoxalin-1(2H)-one derivatives, Lipinski's rule of five has been carried out. Regarding this rule, none of the synthesized compounds exhibit any deviation from Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches have been implemented to figure out the potential interactions of products with SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The outcomes of molecular docking studies demonstrate that the phenyl and nitrophenyl substituted pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoxalin-1(2H)-one show the lowest binding affinity among the other compounds, indicating a favorable orientation in the active site of the chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease. In addition, the MD simulation performed to evaluate the stability of the protein-ligand complex represents that the average binding energy of the nitrophenyl complex is less than that of the phenyl complex. Therefore, according to the in silico results, the inhibitory effect of the nitrophenyl complex is more significant than the phenyl complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Moghimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Yu W, Zhong N, Li X, Ren J, Wang Y, Li C, Yao G, Zhu R, Wang X, Jia Z, Wu C, Chen R, Zheng W, Liao H, Wu X, Yuan X. Structure Based Affinity Maturation and Characterizing of SARS-CoV Antibody CR3022 against SARS-CoV-2 by Computational and Experimental Approaches. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020186. [PMID: 35215781 PMCID: PMC8875849 DOI: 10.3390/v14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic is raging around the world. Neutralizing antibodies are powerful tools for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody CR3022, a SARS-CoV neutralizing antibody, was found to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, but its affinity was lower than that of its binding with SARS-CoV, which greatly limited the further development of CR3022 against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is necessary to improve its affinity to SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In this study, the structure-based molecular simulations were utilized to virtually mutate the possible key residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the CR3022 antibody. According to the criteria of mutation energy, the mutation sites that have the potential to impact the antibody affinity were then selected. Then optimized CR3022 mutants with the enhanced affinity were further identified and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasma resonance (SPR) and autoimmune reactivity experiments. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation (MM/PBSA) were performed on the wild-type CR3022 and its two double-site mutants to understand in more detail the contribution of these sites to the higher affinity. It was found that the binding affinity of the CR3022 antibody could be significantly enhanced more than ten times after the introduction of the S103F/Y mutation in HCDR–3 and the S33R mutation in LCDR–1. The additional hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic interactions, as well as salt-bridges formed between the modified double-site mutated antibody and SARS-CoV-2 RBD were identified. The computational and experimental results clearly demonstrated that the affinity of the modified antibody has been greatly enhanced. This study indicates that CR3022 as a neutralizing antibody recognizing the conserved region of RBD against SARS-CoV with cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2, a different member in a large family of coronaviruses, could be improved by the computational and experimental approaches which provided insights for developing antibody drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (G.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chengming Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Gui Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (G.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (G.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhenxing Jia
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Changwen Wu
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Huaxin Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-756-726-3999 (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (G.Y.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-756-726-3999 (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (W.Y.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (J.R.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China; (X.W.); (Z.J.); (C.W.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-756-726-3999 (X.Y.)
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Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation of Human Anti-Complement Factor H (CFH) Antibody Ab42 and CFH Polypeptide. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102568. [PMID: 31130605 PMCID: PMC6566401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the interaction between the antibody and its targeted antigen and knowing of the epitopes are critical for the development of monoclonal antibody drugs. Complement factor H (CFH) is implied to play a role in tumor growth and metastasis. An autoantibody to CHF is associated with anti-tumor cell activity. The interaction of a human monoclonal antibody Ab42 that was isolated from a cancer patient with CFH polypeptide (pCFH) antigen was analyzed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, free energy calculation, and computational alanine scanning (CAS). Experimental alanine scanning (EAS) was then carried out to verify the results of the theoretical calculation. Our results demonstrated that the Ab42 antibody interacts with pCFH by hydrogen bonds through the Tyr315, Ser100, Gly33, and Tyr53 residues on the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), respectively, with the amino acid residues of Pro441, Ile442, Asp443, Asn444, Ile447, and Thr448 on the pCFH antigen. In conclusion, this study has explored the mechanism of interaction between Ab42 antibody and its targeted antigen by both theoretical and experimental analysis. Our results have important theoretical significance for the design and development of relevant antibody drugs.
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