1
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Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Richter J, Marchant P, Cork AJ, Elangovan G, Henningham A, Cole JN, Choudhury B, Moyle PM, Toth I, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Agarwal P, Kapoor N, Nizet V, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. Efficacy of Alum-Adjuvanted Peptide and Carbohydrate Conjugate Vaccine Candidates against Group A Streptococcus Pharyngeal Infection in a Non-Human Primate Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:382. [PMID: 38675764 PMCID: PMC11054769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development against group A Streptococcus (GAS) has gained traction in the last decade, fuelled by recognition of the significant worldwide burden of the disease. Several vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical studies. Here, we investigate two conjugate vaccine candidates that have shown promise in mouse models of infection. Two antigens, the J8 peptide from the conserved C-terminal end of the M protein, and the group A carbohydrate lacking N-acetylglucosamine side chain (ΔGAC) were each conjugated to arginine deiminase (ADI), an anchorless surface protein from GAS. Both conjugate vaccine candidates combined with alum adjuvant were tested in a non-human primate (NHP) model of pharyngeal infection. High antibody titres were detected against J8 and ADI antigens, while high background antibody titres in NHP sera hindered accurate quantification of ΔGAC-specific antibodies. The severity of pharyngitis and tonsillitis signs, as well as the level of GAS colonisation, showed no significant differences in NHPs immunised with either conjugate vaccine candidate compared to NHPs in the negative control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnología, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (D.G.C.)
| | - Johanna Richter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.R.); (G.E.)
| | | | - Amanda J. Cork
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Gayathiri Elangovan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Anna Henningham
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Jason N. Cole
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Peter M. Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R. Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (M.R.B.)
| | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (M.R.B.)
| | | | - Neeraj Kapoor
- Vaxcyte Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA (P.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (D.G.C.)
| | - Mark J. Walker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.R.); (G.E.)
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2
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Langshaw EL, Reynolds S, Ozberk V, Dooley J, Calcutt A, Zaman M, Walker MJ, Batzloff MR, Davies MR, Good MF, Pandey M. Streptolysin O Deficiency in Streptococcus pyogenes M1T1 covR/S Mutant Strain Attenuates Virulence in In Vitro and In Vivo Infection Models. mBio 2023; 14:e0348822. [PMID: 36744883 PMCID: PMC9972915 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03488-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation within the Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptococcus group A; Strep A) covR/S regulatory system has been associated with a hypervirulent phenotype resulting from the upregulation of several virulence factors, including the pore-forming toxin, streptolysin O (SLO). In this study, we utilized a range of covR/S mutants, including M1T1 clonal strains (5448 and a covS mutant generated through mouse passage designated 5448AP), to investigate the contribution of SLO to the pathogenesis of covR/S mutant Strep A disease. Up-regulation of slo in 5448AP resulted in increased SLO-mediated hemolysis, decreased dendritic cell (DC) viability post coculture with Strep A, and increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by DCs. Mouse passage of an isogenic 5448 slo-deletion mutant resulted in recovery of several covR/S mutants within the 5448Δslo background. Passage also introduced mutations in non-covR/S genes, but these were considered to have no impact on virulence. Although slo-deficient mutants exhibited the characteristic covR/S-controlled virulence factor upregulation, these mutants caused increased DC viability with reduced inflammatory cytokine production by infected DCs. In vivo, slo expression correlated with decreased DC numbers in infected murine skin and significant bacteremia by 3 days postinfection, with severe pathology at the infection site. Conversely, the absence of slo in the infecting strain (covR/S mutant or wild-type) resulted in detection of DCs in the skin and attenuated virulence in a murine model of pyoderma. slo-sufficient and -deficient covR/S mutants were susceptible to immune clearance mediated by a combination vaccine consisting of a conserved M protein peptide and a peptide from the CXC chemokine protease SpyCEP. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for significant numbers of invasive and noninvasive infections which cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Strep A isolates with mutations in the covR/S system display greater propensity to cause severe invasive diseases, which are responsible for more than 163,000 deaths each year. This is due to the upregulation of virulence factors, including the pore-forming toxin streptolysin O. Utilizing covR/S and slo-knockout mutants, we investigated the role of SLO in virulence. We found that SLO alters interactions with host cell populations and increases Strep A viability at sterile sites of the host, such as the blood, and that its absence results in significantly less virulence. This work underscores the importance of SLO in Strep A virulence while highlighting the complex nature of Strep A pathogenesis. This improved insight into host-pathogen interactions will enable a better understanding of host immune evasion mechanisms and inform streptococcal vaccine development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone Reynolds
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J. Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Mark R. Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Assessment of the Relationship between Clinical Manifestation and Pathogenic Potential of Streptococcus pyogenes Strains-Distribution of Genes and Genotypes of Toxins. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040799. [PMID: 35453547 PMCID: PMC9029580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most important species among beta-haemolytic streptococci, causing human infections of different localization. It is isolated from clinical specimens relatively frequently. In this study, the frequency and co-occurrence of toxin genes (speA, speB, speC, speH, speJ, speK) among 147 S. pyogenes strains were evaluated, using real-time PCR. In addition, the relationship between the occurrence of these genes and the origin of S. pyogenes strains from selected clinical material was assessed. The speB gene was present with the highest incidence (98.6%), while the speK gene was the least frequent (8.2%) among the tested strains. Based on the presence of the detected genes, the distribution of 17 genotypes was determined. The most common (21.8%), was speA (−) speB (+) speC (−) speH (−) speJ (−) speK (−) genotype. Furthermore, significant variation in the presence of some genes and genotypes of toxins in S. pyogenes strains isolated from different types of clinical material was found. There is a considerable variety and disproportion between the frequency of individual genes and genotypes of toxins in S. pyogenes strains. The relationship between the origin of S. pyogenes isolates and the presence of toxins genes indicates their pathogenic potential in the development of infections of selected localization.
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4
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Vekemans J, Gouvea-Reis F, Kim JH, Excler JL, Smeesters PR, O'Brien KL, Van Beneden CA, Steer AC, Carapetis JR, Kaslow DC. The Path to Group A Streptococcus Vaccines: World Health Organization Research and Development Technology Roadmap and Preferred Product Characteristics. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:877-883. [PMID: 30624673 PMCID: PMC6695511 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections result in a considerable underappreciated burden of acute and chronic disease globally. A 2018 World Health Assembly resolution calls for better control and prevention. Providing guidance on global health research needs is an important World Health Organization (WHO) activity, influencing prioritization of investments. Here, the role, status, and directions in GAS vaccines research are discussed. WHO preferred product characteristics and a research and development technology roadmap, briefly presented, offer an actionable framework for vaccine development to regulatory and policy decision making, availability, and use. GAS vaccines should be considered for global prevention of the range of clinical manifestations and associated antibiotic use. Impediments related to antigen diversity, safety concerns, and the difficulty to establish vaccine efficacy against rheumatic heart disease are discussed. Demonstration of vaccine efficacy against pharyngitis and skin infections constitutes a key near-term strategic goal. Investments and collaborative partnerships to diversify and advance vaccine candidates are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Vekemans
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles.,Department of Pediatrics, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium.,Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Chris A Van Beneden
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Jonathan R Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia and Perth Children's Hospital, Australia
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5
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Ozberk V, Pandey M, Good MF. Contribution of cryptic epitopes in designing a group A streptococcal vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2034-2052. [PMID: 29873591 PMCID: PMC6150013 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1462427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful vaccine needs to target multiple strains of an organism. Streptococcus pyogenes is an organism that utilizes antigenic strain variation as a successful defence mechanism to circumvent the host immune response. Despite numerous efforts, there is currently no vaccine available for this organism. Here we review and discuss the significant obstacles to vaccine development, with a focus on how cryptic epitopes may provide a strategy to circumvent the obstacles of antigenic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
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6
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Liu DY, Liu XK, Lu XY, Chen F, Zhao HM. Regulating BCL-6 signaling pathway to control Tfh cell differentiation: A new strategy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:821-826. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i14.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, there has been a great deal of evidence that this cell type is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Different cytokines secreted by different subtypes of Tfh cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, and thus provide an important approach for the targeted treatment of this disease. As a key transcription factor in Tfh cell differentiation, BCL-6 signaling can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Tfh cells. In the absence of BCL-6 signaling, Tfh cells cannot be produced. BCL-6 signaling can also effectively regulate Tfh cell differentiation through positive regulation, negative regulation, and epigenetics. Abnormal regulation of BCL-6 signaling can induce abnormal differentiation of Tfh and lead to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, Tfh cell differentiation can be regulated by intervention of BCL-6 signaling, which may be used as a new strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
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7
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Acute Rheumatic Fever: Global Persistence of a Preventable Disease. J Pediatr Health Care 2017; 31:275-284. [PMID: 27776916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of acute rheumatic fever continues to be seen globally. Once thought to be eradicated in various parts of the world, the disease came back with a vengeance secondary to a lack of diligence on the part of providers. Today, the global burden of group A streptococcal infection, the culprit of the numerous sequelae manifested in acute rheumatic fever, is considerable. Although a completely preventable disease, rheumatic fever continues to exist. It is a devastating disease that involves long-term, multisystem treatment and monitoring for patients who were unsuccessful at eradicating the precipitating group A streptococcal infection. Prevention is the key to resolving the dilemma of the disease's global burden, yet the method to yield its prevention still remains unknown. Thus, meticulous attention to implementing proper treatment is the mainstay and remains a top priority.
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8
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Zaman M, Ozberk V, Langshaw EL, McPhun V, Powell JL, Phillips ZN, Ho MF, Calcutt A, Batzloff MR, Toth I, Hill GR, Pandey M, Good MF. Novel platform technology for modular mucosal vaccine that protects against streptococcus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39274. [PMID: 27976706 PMCID: PMC5157026 DOI: 10.1038/srep39274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the major entry site for human pathogens and strategies to activate this network could lead to new vaccines capable of preventing infection with many pathogens. Group A streptococcus (GAS) infections, causing rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and invasive disease, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy to induce mucosal antibodies of significant magnitude against peptide antigens of GAS using a novel biocompatible liposomal platform technology. The approach is to encapsulate free diphtheria toxoid (DT), a standard vaccine antigen, within liposomes as a source of helper T-cell stimulation while lipidated peptide targets for B-cells are separately displayed on the liposome surface. As DT is not physically conjugated to the peptide, it is possible to develop modular epitopic constructs that simultaneously activate IgA-producing B-cells of different and complementary specificity and function that together neutralize distinct virulence factors. An inflammatory cellular immune response is also induced. The immune response provides profound protection against streptococcal infection in the URT. The study describes a new vaccine platform for humoral and cellular immunity applicable to the development of vaccines against multiple mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Virginia McPhun
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jessica L Powell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zachary N Phillips
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mei Fong Ho
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia.,Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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9
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McNeilly C, Cosh S, Vu T, Nichols J, Henningham A, Hofmann A, Fane A, Smeesters PR, Rush CM, Hafner LM, Ketheesan N, Sriprakash KS, McMillan DJ. Predicted Coverage and Immuno-Safety of a Recombinant C-Repeat Region Based Streptococcus pyogenes Vaccine Candidate. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156639. [PMID: 27310707 PMCID: PMC4911098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal region of the M-protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is a major target for vaccine development. The major feature is the C-repeat region, consisting of 35–42 amino acid repeat units that display high but not perfect identity. SV1 is a S. pyogenes vaccine candidate that incorporates five 14mer amino acid sequences (called J14i variants) from differing C-repeat units in a single recombinant construct. Here we show that the J14i variants chosen for inclusion in SV1 are the most common variants in a dataset of 176 unique M-proteins. Murine antibodies raised against SV1 were shown to bind to each of the J14i variants present in SV1, as well as variants not present in the vaccine. Antibodies raised to the individual J14i variants were also shown to bind to multiple but different combinations of J14i variants, supporting the underlying rationale for the design of SV1. A Lewis Rat Model of valvulitis was then used to assess the capacity of SV1 to induce deleterious immune response associated with rheumatic heart disease. In this model, both SV1 and the M5 positive control protein were immunogenic. Neither of these antibodies were cross-reactive with cardiac myosin or collagen. Splenic T cells from SV1/CFA and SV1/alum immunized rats did not proliferate in response to cardiac myosin or collagen. Subsequent histological examination of heart tissue showed that 4 of 5 mice from the M5/CFA group had valvulitis and inflammatory cell infiltration into valvular tissue, whereas mice immunised with SV1/CFA, SV1/alum showed no sign of valvulitis. These results suggest that SV1 is a safe vaccine candidate that will elicit antibodies that recognise the vast majority of circulating GAS M-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia McNeilly
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Samantha Cosh
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Therese Vu
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jemma Nichols
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Anna Henningham
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Nathan, and Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne Fane
- Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie Bactérienne, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium, and Murdoch Children Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine M Rush
- Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Louise M Hafner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Natkuman Ketheesan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Kadaba S Sriprakash
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - David J McMillan
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
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10
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Éditorial. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21 Suppl 2:S51-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Kuhn KA, Pedraza I, Demoruelle MK. Mucosal immune responses to microbiota in the development of autoimmune disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014; 40:711-25. [PMID: 25437287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of most systemic autoimmune diseases remains unknown. There is often a preclinical period of systemic autoimmunity prior to the onset of clinically classifiable disease; established and emerging data suggest that dysregulated immune interactions with commensal microbiota may play a role in the initial generation of autoimmunity in this preclinical period. This article reviews potential mechanisms by which alterations of healthy microbiota may induce autoimmunity as well as mucosal microbial associations with autoimmune diseases. If mucosal microbiota lead to the development of autoimmunity, these mucosal sites, microorganisms, and immunologic mechanisms can be targeted to prevent the onset of systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Isabel Pedraza
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - M Kristen Demoruelle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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12
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Anjos LMM, Marcondes MB, Lima MF, Mondelli AL, Okoshi MP. Streptococcal acute pharyngitis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:409-13. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0265-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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In vivo expression of Streptococcus pyogenes immunogenic proteins during tibial foreign body infection. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3891-9. [PMID: 25001603 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01831-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes a number of diseases with a wide range of severities. While all known strains of GAS are still sensitive to penicillin, there have been reports of antibiotic treatment failure in as many as 20% to 40% of cases. Biofilm formation has been implicated as a possible cause for these failures. A biofilm is a microbially derived, sessile community where cells grow attached to a surface or as a bacterial conglomerate and surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix. While the ability of group A streptococcus to form biofilms in the laboratory has been shown, there is a lack of understanding of the role of GAS biofilms during an infection. We hypothesized that during infections, GAS exhibits a biofilm phenotype, complete with unique protein expression. To test this hypothesis, a rabbit model of GAS osteomyelitis was developed. A rabbit was inoculated with GAS using an infected indwelling device. Following the infection, blood and tissue samples were collected. Histological samples of the infected tibia were prepared, and the formation of a biofilm in vivo was visualized using peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) and confocal microscopy. In addition, Western blotting with convalescent rabbit serum detected cell wall proteins expressed in vitro under biofilm and planktonic growth conditions. Immunogenic proteins were then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These identities, along with the in vivo results, support the hypothesis that GAS forms biofilms during an infection. This unique phenotype should be taken into consideration when designing a vaccine or any other treatment for group A streptococcus infections.
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