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Aragão MÂ, Pires L, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L, Calhelha RC. Revitalising Riboflavin: Unveiling Its Timeless Significance in Human Physiology and Health. Foods 2024; 13:2255. [PMID: 39063339 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the early twentieth century, research on vitamins has revealed their therapeutic potential beyond their role as essential micronutrients. Riboflavin, known as vitamin B2, stands out for its unique characteristics. Despite numerous studies, riboflavin remains vital, with implications for human health. Abundantly present in various foods, riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in numerous enzymatic reactions crucial for human metabolism. Its role in energy production, erythrocyte synthesis, and vitamin metabolism underscores its importance in maintaining homeostasis. The impact of riboflavin extends to neurological function, skin health, and cardiovascular well-being, with adequate levels linked to reduced risks of various ailments. However, inadequate intake or physiological stress can lead to deficiency, a condition that poses serious health risks, including severe complications. This underscores the importance of maintaining sufficient levels of riboflavin for general wellness. The essential role of riboflavin in immune function further emphasises its significance for human health and vitality. This paper examines the diverse effects of riboflavin on health and stresses the importance of maintaining sufficient levels for overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ângela Aragão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lara Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Falcón Lincheta L, Saumell Nápoles Y, Gray Lovio OR, Viqueira Fuentesfría AM, Pérez Alonso T, Batista Romagoza M, Urquiza Rodríguez A, Mantecón Fernández B, Bautista Jerez HA, Fernández de Armas D, Martínez Matute ES, León García Y, Oramas Fernández DK, Marrero Chavez Y, Fernandez Lorente A, Valls Hung AR, Lorenzo-Luaces P, Valenzuela Silva C, Moreno E, Hernández-Casaña P. Long-term therapy with itolizumab is safe and effective for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: Results from an expanded-access program. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112225. [PMID: 38759368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Itolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the CD6-ALCAM pathway. This article reports on the safety and efficacy of itolizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in a clinical study conducted in Cuba in the setting of an expanded-access program (EAP). The study included 84 patients who had previously received conventional anti-psoriatic systemic therapies but were either intolerant, had an inadequate response, or had contraindications to these therapies. It consisted of multiple phases, including a 12-week induction phase, a 40-week maintenance phase, and a 24-week off-treatment follow-up phase, using either a 0.4 or 1.6 mg/Kg dose. The results showed that itolizumab monotherapy was safe and effective during 52 weeks of continuous treatment and the subsequent 24 follow-up weeks. Itolizumab treatment resulted in a significant improvement (PASI 75) in 80 % of patients at the end of the induction phase, and this effect was sustained till week 52 during the maintenance phase. Moreover, 24 weeks after treatment stopped nearly two-thirds of patients still showed a PASI ≥ 75. The observed effects were dose-dependent, with 1.6 mg/kg being the most convenient dose. This study further supports the strategy of targeting the CD6-ALCAM signaling pathway for the treatment of psoriasis and the use of itolizumab as a valuable asset in the armamentarium of anti-psoriasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana R Valls Hung
- Clinical Research Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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Santos RF, de Sousa Linhares A, Steinberger P, Davis SJ, Oliveira L, Carmo AM. The CD6 interactome orchestrates ligand-independent T cell inhibitory signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:286. [PMID: 38790044 PMCID: PMC11127300 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell membrane scaffold proteins are pivotal in T cell function, acting as versatile signaling hubs. While CD6 forms a large intracellular signalosome, it is distinguished from typical scaffolds like LAT or PAG by possessing a substantial ectodomain that binds CD166, a well-characterized ligand expressed on most antigen-presenting cells (APC), through the third domain (d3) of the extracellular region. Although the intact form of CD6 is the most abundant in T cells, an isoform lacking d3 (CD6∆d3) is transiently expressed on activated T cells. Still, the precise character of the signaling transduced by CD6, whether costimulatory or inhibitory, and the influence of its ectodomain on these activities are unclear. METHODS We expressed CD6 variants with extracellular deletions or cytosolic mutations in Jurkat cells containing eGFP reporters for NF-κB and NF-AT transcription factor activation. Cell activation was assessed by eGFP flow cytometry following Jurkat cell engagement with superantigen-presenting Raji cells. Using imaging flow cytometry, we evaluated the impact of the CD6-CD166 pair on cell adhesiveness during the antigen-dependent and -independent priming of T cells. We also examined the role of extracellular or cytosolic sequences on CD6 translocation to the immunological synapse, using immunofluorescence-based imaging. RESULTS Our investigation dissecting the functions of the extracellular and cytosolic regions of CD6 revealed that CD6 was trafficked to the immunological synapse and exerted tonic inhibition wholly dependent on its cytosolic tail. Surprisingly, however, translocation to the synapse occurred independently of the extracellular d3 and of engagement to CD166. On the other hand, CD6 binding to CD166 significantly increased T cell:APC adhesion. However, this activity was most evident in the absence of APC priming with superantigen, and thus, in the absence of TCR engagement. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies CD6 as a novel 'on/off' scaffold-receptor capable of modulating responsiveness in two ways. Firstly, and independently of ligand binding, it establishes signaling thresholds through tonic inhibition, functioning as a membrane-bound scaffold. Secondly, CD6 has the capacity for alternative splicing-dependent variable ligand engagement, modulating its checkpoint-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita F Santos
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ESS - IPP School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Annika de Sousa Linhares
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon J Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council, Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Henriques SN, Oliveira L, Santos RF, Carmo AM. CD6-mediated inhibition of T cell activation via modulation of Ras. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:184. [PMID: 36414966 PMCID: PMC9682754 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD6 is one of many cell surface receptors known to regulate signal transduction upon T cell activation. However, whether CD6 mediates costimulatory or inhibitory signals is controversial. When T cells engage with antigen presenting cells (APCs), CD6 interacts with its ligand CD166 at the cell-cell interface while the cytosolic tail assembles a complex signalosome composed of adaptors and effector enzymes, that may either trigger activating signaling cascades, or instead modulate the intensity of signaling. Except for a few cytosolic adaptors that connect different components of the CD6 signalosome, very little is known about the mechanistic effects of the cytosolic effectors that bind CD6. METHODS Jurkat model T cells were transfected to express wild-type (WT) CD6, or a cytoplasmic truncation, signaling-disabled mutant, CD6Δcyt. The two resulting cell lines were directly activated by superantigen (sAg)-loaded Raji cells, used as APCs, to assess the net signaling function of CD6. The Jurkat cell lines were further adapted to express a FRET-based unimolecular HRas biosensor that reported the activity of this crucial GTPase at the immunological synapse. RESULTS We show that deletion of the cytosolic tail of CD6 enhances T-cell responses, indicating that CD6 restrains T-cell activation. One component of the CD6-associated inhibitory apparatus was found to be the GTPase activating protein of Ras (RasGAP), that we show to associate with CD6 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The FRET HRas biosensor that we developed was demonstrated to be functional and reporting the activation of the T cell lines. This allowed to determine that the presence of the cytosolic tail of CD6 results in the down-regulation of HRas activity at the immunological synapse, implicating this fundamental GTPase as one of the targets inhibited by CD6. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first description of a mechanistic sequence of events underlying the CD6-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation, involving the modulation of the MAPK pathway at several steps, starting with the coupling of RasGAP to the CD6 signalosome, the repression of the activity of Ras, and culminating in the reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and of the expression of the T-cell activation markers CD69 and IL-2R α chain. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia N. Henriques
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita F. Santos
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M. Carmo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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Yang Y, Sanders AJ, Dou QP, Jiang DG, Li AX, Jiang WG. The Clinical and Theranostic Values of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)/CD166 in Human Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205187. [PMID: 34680335 PMCID: PMC8533996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is an important regulator in human cancers, particularly solid tumours. Its expression in cancer tissues has prognostic values depending on cancer types and is also linked to distant metastases. A truncated form, soluble form of ALCAM (sALCAM) in circulation has been suggested to be a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic tool. This article summarises recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections and therapeutic values. Abstract Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell adhesion protein that is found in multiple cell types. ALCAM has multiple and diverse roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. There has been compelling evidence of ALCAM’s prognostic value in solid cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. The present article overviews the recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections in cancer and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (W.G.J.)
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201-2013, USA
| | - David G. Jiang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Amber Xinyu Li
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (Y.Y.); (Q.P.D.); (D.G.J.); (A.X.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.); (W.G.J.)
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Tu C, He J, Chen R, Li Z. The Emerging Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4523-4535. [PMID: 31724510 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191113104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed membrane vesicles derived and constitutively secreted by various metabolically active cells. They are capable of mediating hetero- and homotypic intercellular communication by transferring multiple cargos from donor cells to recipient cells. Nowadays, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as novel potential biomarkers or disease-targeting agents in a variety of diseases. However, the lack of effective delivery systems may impair their clinical application. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrated that ncRNAs could be efficiently delivered to recipient cells using exosomes as a carrier, and therefore can exert a critical role in musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophies, osteosarcoma and other diseases. Herein, we present an extensive review of biogenesis, physiological relevance and clinical implication of exosome-derived ncRNAs in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Nicolau-Neto P, de Souza-Santos PT, Severo Ramundo M, Valverde P, Martins I, Costa Santos I, Dias F, de Almeida Simão T, Ribeiro Pinto LF. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies ALCAM Overexpression as a Prognosis Biomarker in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020470. [PMID: 32085563 PMCID: PMC7072229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most incident tumors in the world, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. Different from other tumors, LSCC prognosis did not improve during the past four decades. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop biomarkers that can predict LSCC patient's prognosis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis pointed out 287 overexpressed genes in LSCC in comparison to adjacent mucosa. Among these, a gene-pattern signature was created with 24 genes associated with prognosis. The Bayesian clustering of both Brazil and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data pointed out clusters of samples possessing significative differences in the prognosis, and the expression panel of three genes (ALCAM, GBP6, and ME1) was capable to distinguish patients with worse prognosis with an accuracy of 97%. Survival analyses with TCGA data highlighted ALCAM gene expression as an independent prognostic factor for LSCC. This was further confirmed through immunohistochemistry, using a validation set of Brazilian patients. ALCAM expression was not associated with prognosis for other head and neck tumor sites. CONCLUSION ALCAM overexpression seems to be an independent prognosis biomarker for LSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paulo Thiago de Souza-Santos
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Severo Ramundo
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Priscila Valverde
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20220-400, Brazil; (P.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivanir Martins
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20220-400, Brazil; (P.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Izabella Costa Santos
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20230130, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20230130, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil;
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3207-6598
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Enyindah-Asonye G, Nwankwo A, Rahman MA, Hunegnaw R, Hogge C, Helmold Hait S, Ko EJ, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. Overexpression of CD6 and PD-1 Identifies Dysfunctional CD8 + T-Cells During Chronic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3005. [PMID: 31998302 PMCID: PMC6961594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective CD8+ T-cell responses play an important role in determining the course of SIV/HIV viral infection. Here we identified a unique population of dysfunctional CD8+ T-cells in lymphoid tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of rhesus macaques with chronic SIV infection characterized by co-expression of CD6 and PD-1. The frequency of CD6 and PD-1 co-expressing CD8+ T-cells was significantly increased in lymphoid tissues and BAL during chronic SIV infection compared to pre-infection levels. These CD6+PD-1+CD8+ T-cells displayed impaired proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity compared to their CD6-PD-1+CD8+ T cell counterparts. The frequency of CD8+PD-1+ and CD8+CD6-PD-1+ T-cells in the lymph node and bone marrow did not correlate with SIV viral load, whereas the frequency of CD8+CD6+PD-1+ T-cells positively correlated with SIV viral load in these tissues highlighting the contribution of CD6 to disease progression. CD6+PD-1+CD8+ T-cells expressed elevated levels of SHP2 phosphatase compared to CD6-PD-1+CD8+ T-cells providing a potential mechanism by which CD6 may induce T-cell dysfunction during chronic SIV infection. Combined targeting of CD6 and PD-1 effectively revived the CD8+ T-cell proliferative response in vitro suggesting a strategy for potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Nwankwo
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Hogge
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Freitas RF, Basto A, Almeida SCP, Santos RF, Gonçalves CM, Corria-Osorio J, Carvalho T, Carmo AM, Oliveira VG, Leon K, Graca L. Modulation of CD4 T cell function via CD6-targeting. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:427-435. [PMID: 31481324 PMCID: PMC6796521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years molecules involved on the immune synapse became successful targets for therapeutic immune modulation. CD6 has been extensively studied, yet, results regarding CD6 biology have been controversial, in spite of the ubiquitous presence of this molecule on virtually all CD4 T cells. We investigated the outcome of murine and human antibodies targeting CD6 domain 1. We found that CD6-targeting had a major impact on the functional specialization of CD4 cells, both human and murine. Differentiation of CD4 T cells towards a Foxp3+ Treg fate was prevented with increasing doses of anti-CD6, while Th1 polarization was favoured. No impact was observed on Th2 or Th17 specialization. These in vitro results provided an explanation for the dose-dependent outcome of in vivo anti-CD6 administration where the anti-inflammatory action is lost at the highest doses. Our data show that therapeutic targeting of the immune synapse may lead to paradoxical dose-dependent effects due to modification of T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Filipa Freitas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Afonso Basto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Silvia C P Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita F Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carine M Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa G Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Kalet Leon
- Centro de Inmunologia Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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10
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Santos RF, Oliveira L, Brown MH, Carmo AM. Domain-specific CD6 monoclonal antibodies identify CD6 isoforms generated by alternative-splicing. Immunology 2019; 157:296-303. [PMID: 31162836 PMCID: PMC6620187 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the architecture, structure and extracellular interactions of the CD6 glycoprotein, a transmembrane receptor expressed in medullary thymocytes and all mature T‐cell populations, has been enhanced by the existence of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize the various scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich (SRCR) domains of the ectodomain. Using engineered isoforms of CD6 including or excluding each of the three SRCR domains, either expressed at the membranes of cells or in soluble forms, we provide conclusive and definitive evidence that domain 2 of CD6, previously not identifiable, can be recognized by the CD6 mAbs OX125 and OX126, and that OX124 targets domain 3 and can block the interaction at the cell surface of CD6 with its major ligand CD166. Alternative splicing‐dependent CD6 isoforms can now be confidently identified. We confirm that following T‐cell activation there is a partial replacement of full‐length CD6 by the CD6Δd3 isoform, which lacks the CD166‐binding domain, and we find no evidence for the expression of other CD6 isoforms at the mRNA or protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita F Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marion H Brown
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Gonçalves CM, Henriques SN, Santos RF, Carmo AM. CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2994. [PMID: 30619347 PMCID: PMC6305463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following T cell receptor triggering, T cell activation is initiated and amplified by the assembly at the TCR/CD3 macrocomplex of a multitude of stimulatory enzymes that activate several signaling cascades. The potency of signaling is, however, modulated by various inhibitory components already at the onset of activation, long before co-inhibitory immune checkpoints are expressed to help terminating the response. CD5 and CD6 are surface glycoproteins of T cells that have determinant roles in thymocyte development, T cell activation and immune responses. They belong to the superfamily of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) glycoproteins but whereas the inhibitory role of CD5 has been established for long, there is still controversy on whether CD6 may have similar or antagonistic functions on T cell signaling. Analysis of the structure and molecular associations of CD5 and CD6 indicates that these molecules assemble at the cytoplasmic tail a considerable number of signaling effectors that can putatively transduce diverse types of intracellular signals. Biochemical studies have concluded that both receptors can antagonize the flow of TCR-mediated signaling; however, the impact that CD5 and CD6 have on T cell development and T cell-mediated immune responses may be different. Here we analyze the signaling function of CD6, the common and also the different properties it exhibits comparing with CD5, and interpret the functional effects displayed by CD6 in recent animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine M Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia N Henriques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita F Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Takamura Y, Aoki W, Satomura A, Shibasaki S, Ueda M. Small RNAs detected in exosomes derived from the MH7A synovial fibroblast cell line with TNF-α stimulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201851. [PMID: 30096164 PMCID: PMC6086399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes the chronic inflammation of the joints. Intercellular communication containing synovial fibroblasts seems to play a major role in RA pathogenesis. In this study, to better understand intercellular communication related to RA pathogenesis, we identified exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from synovial fibroblasts. Exosomes were collected from an RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) cell line, namely, MH7A, with or without stimulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We used small RNA sequencing to analyze the profile of small RNAs, including miRNAs, in MH7A exosomes and cells. By using differential expression analysis, we identified four miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-323a-5p, and miR-1307-3p) that are upregulated in exosomes with TNF-α stimulation. The identification of miR-155-5p and miR-146a-5p which have been reported in RA patients demonstrated the validity of our experimental model. Other two miRNAs were newly identified. miR-323a-5p was predicted to target the protein encoding gene CD6, which attenuates T-cell activation signals, and miR-1307-3p was predicted to target the protein encoding gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), which inhibits osteoclast-related gene expression. The results suggested that these miRNAs might be involved in RA pathogenesis. We hope our results will help us understand the role of RASF exosomes in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satomura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Shibasaki
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Abós B, Bird S, Granja AG, Morel E, More Bayona JA, Barreda DR, Tafalla C. Identification of the First Teleost CD5 Molecule: Additional Evidence on Phenotypical and Functional Similarities between Fish IgM + B Cells and Mammalian B1 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:465-480. [PMID: 29866701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite teleost fish being the first animal group in which all elements of adaptive immunity are present, the lack of follicular structures, as well as the fact that systemic Ab responses rely exclusively on unswitched low-affinity IgM responses, strongly suggests that fish B cell responses resemble mammalian B1 cell responses rather than those of B2 cells. In line with this hypothesis, in the current study, we have identified a homolog of CD5 in teleost fish. This pan-T marker belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family of receptors is commonly used in mammals to distinguish a subset of B1 cells. Subsequently, we have demonstrated that a very high percentage of teleost IgM+ B cells express this marker, in contrast to the limited population of CD5-expressing B1 cells found in most mammals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fish IgM+ B cells share classical phenotypic features of mammalian B1 cells such as large size, high complexity, high surface IgM, and low surface IgD expression, regardless of CD5 expression. Additionally, fish IgM+ B cells, unlike murine B2 cells, also displayed extended survival in cell culture and did not proliferate after BCR engagement. Altogether, our results demonstrate that although fish are evolutionarily the first group in which all the elements of acquired immunity are present, in the absence of follicular structures, most teleost IgM+ B cells have retained phenotypical and functional characteristics of mammalian B1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Steve Bird
- Biomedical Unit, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; and
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Juan A More Bayona
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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14
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Gene Expression Profiling in Behcet's Disease Indicates an Autoimmune Component in the Pathogenesis of the Disease and Opens New Avenues for Targeted Therapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4246965. [PMID: 29850627 PMCID: PMC5941805 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4246965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease characterized by oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Disease etiopathogenesis is still unclear. We aim to elucidate some aspects of BD pathogenesis and to identify specific gene signatures in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) of patients with active disease using novel gene expression and network analysis. 179 genes were modulated in 10 PBCs of BD patients when compared to 10 healthy donors. Among differentially expressed genes the top enriched gene function was immune response, characterized by upregulation of Th17-related genes and type I interferon- (IFN-) inducible genes. Th17 polarization was confirmed by FACS analysis. The transcriptome identified gene classes (vascular damage, blood coagulation, and inflammation) involved in the pathogenesis of the typical features of BD. Following network analysis, the resulting interactome showed 5 highly connected regions (clusters) enriched in T and B cell activation pathways and 2 clusters enriched in type I IFN, JAK/STAT, and TLR signaling pathways, all implicated in autoimmune diseases. We report here the first combined analysis of the transcriptome and interactome in PBCs of BD patients in the active stage of disease. This approach generates useful insights in disease pathogenesis and suggests an autoimmune component in the origin of BD.
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15
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Han AL, Kim HR, Choi KH, Ryu JW, Hwang KE, So HS, Park MC, Zhu M, Huang Y, Lee YJ, Park DS. Expression Profile of Three Splicing Factors in Pleural Cells Based on the Underlying Etiology and Its Clinical Values in Patients with Pleural Effusion. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:147-156. [PMID: 29288986 PMCID: PMC6002346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing factors (SFs) are involved in oncogenesis or immune modulation, the common underlying processes giving rise to pleural effusion (PE). The expression profiles of three SFs (HNRNPA1, SRSF1, and SRSF3) and their clinical values have never been assessed in PE. The three SFs (in pellets of PE) and conventional tumor markers were analyzed using PE samples in patients with PE (N = 336). The sum of higher-molecular weight (Mw) forms of HNRNPA1 (Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1) and SRSF1 (Sum-HMws-SRSF1) and SRSF3 levels were upregulated in malignant PE (MPE) compared to benign PE (BPE); they were highest in cytology-positive MPE, followed by tuberculous PE and parapneumonic PE. Meanwhile, the lowest-Mw HNRNPA1 (LMw-HNRNPA1) and SRSF1 (LMw-SRSF1) levels were not upregulated in MPE. Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1, Sum-HMws-SRSF1, and SRSF3, but neither LMw-HNRNPA1 nor LMw-SRSF1, showed positive correlations with cancer cell percentages in MPE. The detection accuracy for MPE was high in the order of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, 85%), Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1 (76%), Sum-HMws-SRSF1 (68%), SRSF3, cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), LMw-HNRNPA1, and LMw-SRSF1. Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1 detected more than half of the MPE cases that were undetected by cytology and CEA. Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1, but not other SFs or conventional tumor markers, showed an association with longer overall survival among patients with MPE receiving chemotherapy. Our results demonstrated different levels of the three SFs with their Mw-specific profiles depending on the etiology of PE. We suggest that Sum-HMws-HNRNPA1 is a supplementary diagnostic marker for MPE and a favorable prognostic indicator for patients with MPE receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Lum Han
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Keum-Ha Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Ryu
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Hong-Seob So
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Mengyu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Yuya Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea; Wonkwang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, 54538, Korea; Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea.
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16
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Rodríguez PC, Prada DM, Moreno E, Aira LE, Molinero C, López AM, Gómez JA, Hernández IM, Martínez JP, Reyes Y, Milera JM, Hernández MV, Torres R, Avila Y, Barrese Y, Viada C, Montero E, Hernández P. The anti-CD6 antibody itolizumab provides clinical benefit without lymphopenia in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 6-month, open-label Phase I clinical trial. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:229-239. [PMID: 28963724 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Itolizumab is a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously shown encouraging results, in terms of safety and positive clinical effects, in a 6-week monotherapy clinical trial conducted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current Phase I study evaluated the safety and clinical response for a longer treatment of 12 itolizumab intravenous doses in subjects with active RA despite previous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Twenty-one subjects were enrolled into four dosage groups (0·1, 0·2, 0·4 and 0·8 mg/kg). Efficacy end-points including American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20, ACR50 and ACR70 response rates and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) were monitored at baseline and at specific time-points during a 10-week follow-up period. Itolizumab was well tolerated up to the highest tested dose. No related serious adverse events were reported and most adverse events were mild. Remarkably, itolizumab treatment did not produce lymphopenia and, therefore, was not associated with infections. All patients achieved a clinical response (ACR20) at least once during the study. Eleven subjects (55%) achieved at least a 20% improvement in ACR just 1 week after the first itolizumab administration. The clinical response was observed from the beginning of the treatment and was sustained during 24 weeks. The efficacy profile of this 12-week treatment was similar to that of the previous study (6-week treatment). These results reinforce the safety profile of itolizumab and provide further evidence on the clinical benefit from the use of this anti-CD6 mAb in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Rodríguez
- Division of Clinical Research, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - D M Prada
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
| | - L E Aira
- Division of Clinical Research, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - C Molinero
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - A M López
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - J A Gómez
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - I M Hernández
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - J P Martínez
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Reyes
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - J M Milera
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - M V Hernández
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - R Torres
- Service for Rheumatology, 10 de Octubre Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Avila
- Department of Clinical Trials, National Coordinating Center of Clinical Trials, Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Barrese
- Department of Clinical Trials, National Coordinating Center of Clinical Trials, Havana, Cuba
| | - C Viada
- Division of Clinical Research, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - E Montero
- Experimental Immunotherapy Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - P Hernández
- Division of Clinical Research, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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17
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Abstract
It has been proposed that CD6, an important regulator of T cells, functions by interacting with its currently identified ligand, CD166, but studies performed during the treatment of autoimmune conditions suggest that the CD6-CD166 interaction might not account for important functions of CD6 in autoimmune diseases. The antigen recognized by mAb 3A11 has been proposed as a new CD6 ligand distinct from CD166, yet the identity of it is hitherto unknown. We have identified this CD6 ligand as CD318, a cell surface protein previously found to be present on various epithelial cells and many tumor cells. We found that, like CD6 knockout (KO) mice, CD318 KO mice are also protected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In humans, we found that CD318 is highly expressed in synovial tissues and participates in CD6-dependent adhesion of T cells to synovial fibroblasts. In addition, soluble CD318 is chemoattractive to T cells and levels of soluble CD318 are selectively and significantly elevated in the synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile inflammatory arthritis. These results establish CD318 as a ligand of CD6 and a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory arthritis.
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18
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Bughani U, Saha A, Kuriakose A, Nair R, Sadashivarao RB, Venkataraman R, Patel S, Deshchougule AT, S. SK, Montero E, Pai HV, Palanivelu DV, Melarkode R, Nair P. T cell activation and differentiation is modulated by a CD6 domain 1 antibody Itolizumab. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180088. [PMID: 28672038 PMCID: PMC5495335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD6 is associated with T-cell modulation and is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. We previously demonstrated that Itolizumab, a CD6 domain 1 (CD6D1) specific humanized monoclonal antibody, inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production by T lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody or when co-stimulated with ALCAM. Aberrant IL-17 producing CD4+ helper T-cells (Th17) have been identified as pivotal for the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Itolizumab has demonstrated efficacy in human diseases known to have an IL-17 driven pathogenesis. Here, in in vitro experiments we show that by day 3 of human PBMC activation using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in a Th17 polarizing milieu, 15-35% of CD4+ T-cells overexpress CD6 and there is an establishment of differentiated Th17 cells. Addition of Itolizumab reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells to Th17 cells and decreases production of IL-17. These effects are associated with the reduction of key transcription factors pSTAT3 and RORγT. Further, transcription analysis studies in these conditions indicate that Itolizumab suppressed T cell activation by primarily reducing cell cycle, DNA transcription and translation associated genes. To understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we evaluated the effect of this anti-human CD6D1 mAb on ALCAM-CD6 as well as TCR-mediated T cell activation. We show that Itolizumab but not its F(ab')2 fragment directly inhibits CD6 receptor hyper-phosphorylation and leads to subsequent decrease in associated ZAP70 kinase and docking protein SLP76. Since Itolizumab binds to CD6 expressed only on human and chimpanzee, we developed an antibody binding specifically to mouse CD6D1. This antibody successfully ameliorated the incidence of experimental autoimmune encephalitis in the mice model. These results position CD6 as a key molecule in sustaining the activation and differentiation of T cells and an important target for modulating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Bughani
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Arindam Saha
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Anshu Kuriakose
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Reshmi Nair
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Swati Patel
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar S.
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Enrique Montero
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Harish V. Pai
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Pradip Nair
- Research and Development, Biocon Research Limited, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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19
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Hem CD, Ekornhol M, Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Spurkland A. CD6 and Linker of Activated T Cells are Potential Interaction Partners for T Cell-Specific Adaptor Protein. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:104-112. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Hem
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Ekornhol
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Granum
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - V. Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - A. Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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20
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Abstract
CD6 was established as a marker of T cells more than three decades ago, and recent studies have identified CD6 as a risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease in which autoreactive T cells are integrally involved. Nevertheless, the precise role of CD6 in regulating T-cell responses is controversial and its significance in the pathogenesis of various diseases remains elusive, partly due to the lack of animals engineered to alter expression of the CD6 gene. In this report, we found that CD6 KO mice showed decreased pathogenic T-cell responses, reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration, and attenuated disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. CD6-deficient T cells exhibited augmented activation, but also significantly reduced survival and proliferation after activation, leading to overall decreased Th1 and Th17 polarization. Activated CD6-deficient T cells also showed impaired infiltration through brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, by developing CD6 humanized mice, we identified a mouse anti-human CD6 monoclonal antibody that is highly effective in treating established EAE without depleting T cells. These results suggest that (i) CD6 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, (ii) at the same time, CD6 is a positive regulator of activated T-cell survival/proliferation and infiltration; and (iii) CD6 is a potential new target for treating MS and potentially other T-cell-driven autoimmune conditions.
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21
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Enyindah-Asonye G, Li Y, Xin W, Singer NG, Gupta N, Fung J, Lin F. CD6 Receptor Regulates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Injury by Modulating Natural IgM-producing B1a Cell Self-renewal. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:661-671. [PMID: 27909060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a relatively common pathological condition that can lead to multi-organ failure and mortality. Regulatory mechanism for this disease is poorly understood, although it is established that circulating pathogenic natural IgM, which is primarily produced by B1a cells outside of the peritoneal cavity, are integrally involved. CD6 was originally identified as a marker for T cells and was later found to be present on some subsets of B cells in humans; however, whether CD6 plays any role in intestinal I/R-induced injury and, if so, the underlying mechanisms, remain unknown. Here we report that CD6-/- mice were significantly protected from intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage compared with WT mice in a model of intestinal I/R-induced injury. Mechanistically, we found that CD6 was selectively expressed on B1 cells outside of the bone marrow and peritoneal cavity and that pathogenic natural IgM titers were reduced in the CD6-/- mice in association with significantly decreased B1a cell population. Our results reveal an unexpected role of CD6 in the pathogenesis of intestinal IR-induced injury by regulating the self-renewal of B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Nora G Singer
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Neetu Gupta
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - John Fung
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Feng Lin
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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22
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Bessa Pereira C, Bocková M, Santos RF, Santos AM, Martins de Araújo M, Oliveira L, Homola J, Carmo AM. The Scavenger Receptor SSc5D Physically Interacts with Bacteria through the SRCR-Containing N-Terminal Domain. Front Immunol 2016; 7:416. [PMID: 27790215 PMCID: PMC5061727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family comprises a group of membrane-attached or secreted proteins that contain one or more modules/domains structurally similar to the membrane distal domain of type I macrophage scavenger receptor. Although no all-inclusive biological function has been ascribed to the SRCR family, some of these receptors have been shown to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of bacteria, fungi, or other microbes. SSc5D is a recently described soluble SRCR receptor produced by monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, consisting of an N-terminal portion, which contains five SRCR modules, and a large C-terminal mucin-like domain. Toward establishing a global common role for SRCR domains, we interrogated whether the set of five SRCR domains of SSc5D displayed pattern recognition receptor (PRR) properties. For that purpose, we have expressed in a mammalian expression system the N-terminal SRCR-containing moiety of SSc5D (N-SSc5D), thus excluding the mucin-like domain likely by nature to bind microorganisms, and tested the capacity of the SRCR functional groups to physically interact with bacteria. Using conventional protein–bacteria binding assays, we showed that N-SSc5D had a superior capacity to bind to Escherichia coli strains RS218 and IHE3034 compared with that of the extracellular domains of the SRCR proteins CD5 and CD6 (sCD5 and sCD6, respectively), and similar E. coli-binding properties as Spα, a proven PRR of the SRCR family. We have further designed a more sensitive, real-time, and label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay and examined the capacity of N-SSc5D, Spα, sCD5, and sCD6 to bind to different bacteria. We demonstrated that N-SSc5D compares with Spα in the capacity to bind to E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and further that it can distinguish between pathogenic E. coli RS218 and IHE3034 strains and the non-pathogenic laboratory E. coli strain BL21(DE3). Our work thus advocates the utility of SPR-based assays as sensitive tools for the rapid screening of interactions between immune-related receptors and PAMP-bearing microbes. The analysis of our results suggests that SRCR domains of different members of the family have a differential capacity to interact with bacteria, and further that the same receptor can discriminate between different bacteria strains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Bessa Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Markéta Bocková
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rita F Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Mafalda Martins de Araújo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Williams DW, Anastos K, Morgello S, Berman JW. JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to inhibit diapedesis across the BBB of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in HIV-infected individuals. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:401-12. [PMID: 25420915 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0714-347r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte transmigration across the BBB is a critical step in the development of cognitive deficits termed HAND that affect 40-70% of HIV-infected individuals, even with successful antiretroviral therapy. The monocyte subsets that enter the CNS during HIV infection are not fully characterized. We examined PBMC from HIV-positive individuals from 2 distinct cohorts and enumerated monocyte populations, characterized their transmigration properties across an in vitro human BBB model, and identified surface proteins critical for the entry of these cells into the CNS. We demonstrated that the frequency of peripheral blood CD14(+)CD16(+) and CD14(low)CD16(+) monocytes was increased in HIV-seropositive compared with -seronegative individuals, despite virologic control. We showed that CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes selectively transmigrated across our BBB model as a result of their increased JAM-A and ALCAM expression. Antibody blocking of these proteins inhibited diapedesis of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes but not of T cells from the same HIV-infected people across the BBB. Our data indicate that JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to decrease the entry of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes into the CNS of HIV-seropositive individuals, contributing to the eradication of neuroinflammation, HAND, and CNS viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionna W Williams
- Departments of *Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, and Microbiology and Immunology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Departments of *Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, and Microbiology and Immunology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Departments of *Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, and Microbiology and Immunology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joan W Berman
- Departments of *Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, and Microbiology and Immunology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Wagner M, Bilinska M, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Sobczynski M, Cyrul M, Kusnierczyk P, Jasek M. ALCAM and CD6--multiple sclerosis risk factors. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:98-103. [PMID: 25216742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ALCAM and CD6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since they are involved in the transmigration of leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we confirmed our previous findings about the association of the ALCAM gene with risk, development and progression of MS. Additionally, we showed that in the case of the CD6 gene (encoding receptor of ALCAM) not only polymorphisms but also mRNA expression level are associated with MS. Our analysis revealed that the risk of the disease for AA individuals in rs12360861 was almost 3.0-fold lower in comparison to GG individuals (OR=0.34; CI95%=0.12; 0.81). Moreover, we observed lower expression of CD6 mRNA in patients than in healthy individuals (T(2)2,74=6.678; p=0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wagner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - M Bilinska
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Sobczynski
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Cyrul
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Kusnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Jasek
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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25
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Garcia Santana CA, Tung JW, Gulnik S. Human treg cells are characterized by low/negative CD6 expression. Cytometry A 2014; 85:901-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James W. Tung
- Life Science Global Application and Reagent Development; Beckman Coulter Inc.; Miami Florida 33196
| | - Sergei Gulnik
- Life Science Research; Beckman Coulter Inc.; Miami Florida 33196
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26
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Escoda-Ferran C, Carrasco E, Caballero-Baños M, Miró-Julià C, Martínez-Florensa M, Consuegra-Fernández M, Martínez VG, Liu FT, Lozano F. Modulation of CD6 function through interaction with Galectin-1 and -3. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2805-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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da Glória VG, Martins de Araújo M, Mafalda Santos A, Leal R, de Almeida SF, Carmo AM, Moreira A. T cell activation regulates CD6 alternative splicing by transcription dynamics and SRSF1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:391-9. [PMID: 24890719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The T cell-surface glycoprotein CD6 is a modulator of cellular responses and has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. During Ag presentation, CD6 is targeted to the immunological synapse in a ligand binding-dependent manner, in which CD6 domain 3 directly contacts CD166, expressed on the APC. T cell activation results in the induction of CD6Δd3, an alternatively spliced isoform that lacks the ligand-binding domain and thus no longer localizes at the immunological synapse. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of CD6Δd3 upon human primary T cell activation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we observed an increase in RNA polymerase II occupancy along the CD6 gene and augmented CD6 transcription. We showed that activation leads to transcription-related chromatin modifications, revealed by higher CD6 acetylation levels. Modulation of chromatin conformation using a histone deacetylase inhibitor that increases transcription rate causes an increase of exon 5 skipping. We further showed that the splicing factor SRSF1 binds to a regulatory element in CD6 intron 4, activating exon 5 splicing and promoting exon 5 inclusion. Concomitant with T cell activation-induced exon 5 skipping, we observed a downregulation of SRSF1. Using RNA immunoprecipitation, we showed that in activated T cells, SRSF1 recruitment to the CD6 transcript is impaired by increased chromatin acetylation levels. We propose that upon T cell activation, SRSF1 becomes limiting, and its function in CD6 exon 5 splicing is countered by an increase in CD6 transcription, dependent on chromatin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia G da Glória
- Grupo Regulação Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Martins de Araújo
- Grupo Activação Celular e Expressão Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e da Saude, Escola de Ciências da Saude, Universidade do Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- Grupo Activação Celular e Expressão Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Leal
- Grupo Regulação Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; and
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- Grupo Activação Celular e Expressão Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira
- Grupo Regulação Genética, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal;
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