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Amato S, Averna M, Farsetti E, Guidolin D, Pedrazzi M, Gatta E, Candiani S, Maura G, Agnati LF, Cervetto C, Marcoli M. Control of Dopamine Signal in High-Order Receptor Complex on Striatal Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8610. [PMID: 39201299 PMCID: PMC11354247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-receptor interaction (RRI) of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leads to new functional entities that are conceptually distinct from the simple addition of signals mediated by the activation of the receptors that form the heteromers. Focusing on astrocytes, there is evidence for the existence of inhibitory and facilitatory RRIs, including the heteromers formed by the adenosine A2A and the dopamine D2 receptors, by A2A and the oxytocin receptor (OTR), and the D2-OTR heteromers. The possible involvement of these receptors in mosaicism has never been investigated in striatal astrocytes. By biophysical and functional approaches, we focused our attention on the existence of an A2A-D2-OTR high-order receptor complex and its role in modulating cytosolic calcium levels and endogenous glutamate release, when striatal astrocyte processes were stimulated with 4-aminopyridine. Functional data indicate a permissive role of OTR on dopamine signaling in the regulation of the glutamatergic transmission, and an inhibitory control mediated by A2A on both the D2-mediated signaling and on the OTR-facilitating effect on D2. Imaging biochemical and bioinformatic evidence confirmed the existence of the A2A-D2-OTR complex and its ternary structure in the membrane. In conclusion, the D2 receptor appears to be a hotspot in the control of the glutamate release from the astrocytic processes and may contribute to the regulation and integration of different neurotransmitter-mediated signaling in the striatum by the A2A-D2-OTR heterotrimers. Considering the possible selectivity of allosteric interventions on GPCRs organized as receptor mosaics, A2A-D2-OTR heterotrimers may offer selective pharmacological targets in neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Farsetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Gatta
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Via Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Francesco Agnati
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Via Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Fukasawa T, Nakanishi E, Shimoda H, Shinoda K, Ito S, Asada S, Yoshida S, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Mizuno K, Takahashi R, Kawakami K. Adherence to istradefylline in patients with Parkinson's disease: A group-based trajectory analysis. J Neurol Sci 2024; 462:123092. [PMID: 38925070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the different patterns of adherence to istradefylline treatment is essential to identifying Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who might benefit from targeted interventions. OBJECTIVES This descriptive study aimed to identify longitudinal istradefylline adherence patterns and to characterize factors associated with them. METHODS We identified PD patients aged 21-99 years who initiated istradefylline treatment in a Japanese hospital administrative database. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to model the monthly proportion of days covered over time to identify distinct 360-day adherence patterns. Factors associated with each adherence pattern were assessed using univariable multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 2088 eligible PD patients, 4 distinct adherence groups were identified: consistently high adherence (56.8%); rapidly declining adherence (25.8%); gradually declining adherence (8.5%); and gradually declining and then recovering adherence (9.0%). Compared to the consistently high adherence group, the other groups had the following characteristics associated with a likelihood of lower adherence: the rapidly declining adherence group received fewer dopamine agonists (63.8% vs. 69.4%), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors (26.8% vs. 31.6%), and catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors (31.6% vs. 37.0%) and had a higher prevalence of anxiety/mood disorders (29.9% vs. 24.6%); the gradually declining adherence group received fewer MAO-B inhibitors (22.5% vs. 31.6%) and amantadine (8.4% vs. 16.1%) and had a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment/dementia (27.0% vs. 18.8%); and the declining and then recovering adherence group had a higher prevalence of anxiety/mood disorders (34.2% vs. 24.6%). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of the heterogeneous patterns of adherence to istradefylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fukasawa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Shimoda
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shinoda
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Pharmacovigilance Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Asada
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Cai Y, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Xu J, Da Q, Ma Q, Zhao D, Lu T, Kim HW, Fulton D, Jiang X, Weintraub NL, Dong K, Xu S, Hong M, Liu Z, Huo Y. Blockade of endothelial adenosine receptor 2 A suppresses atherosclerosis in vivo through inhibiting CREB-ALK5-mediated endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107156. [PMID: 38522762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and morbidity and mortality rates continue to rise. Atherosclerosis constitutes the principal etiology of CVDs. Endothelial injury, inflammation, and dysfunction are the initiating factors of atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported that endothelial adenosine receptor 2 A (ADORA2A), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays critical roles in neovascularization disease and cerebrovascular disease. However, the precise role of endothelial ADORA2A in atherosclerosis is still not fully understood. Here, we showed that ADORA2A expression was markedly increased in the aortic endothelium of humans with atherosclerosis or Apoe-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. In vivo studies unraveled that endothelial-specific Adora2a deficiency alleviated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and prevented the formation and instability of atherosclerotic plaque in Apoe-/- mice. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of ADORA2A with KW6002 recapitulated the anti-atherogenic phenotypes observed in genetically Adora2a-deficient mice. In cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), siRNA knockdown of ADORA2A or KW6002 inhibition of ADORA2A decreased EndMT, whereas adenoviral overexpression of ADORA2A induced EndMT. Mechanistically, ADORA2A upregulated ALK5 expression via a cAMP/PKA/CREB axis, leading to TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling activation, thereby promoting EndMT. In conclusion, these findings, for the first time, demonstrate that blockade of ADORA2A attenuated atherosclerosis via inhibition of EndMT induced by the CREB1-ALK5 axis. This study discloses a new link between endothelial ADORA2A and EndMT and indicates that inhibiting endothelial ADORA2A could be an effective novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Cai
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dingwei Zhao
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tammy Lu
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Mei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Dumazer A, Gómez-Santacana X, Malhaire F, Jopling C, Maurel D, Lebon G, Llebaria A, Goudet C. Optical Control of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Using Istradefylline Photosensitivity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:645-655. [PMID: 38275568 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of inhibitors of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nevertheless, the widespread expression of A2AR throughout the body emphasizes the importance of temporally and spatially selective ligands. Photopharmacology is an emerging strategy that utilizes photosensitive ligands to attain high spatiotemporal precision and regulate the function of biomolecules using light. In this study, we combined photochemistry and cellular and in vivo photopharmacology to investigate the light sensitivity of the FDA-approved antagonist istradefylline and its potential use as an A2AR photopharmacological tool. Our findings reveal that istradefylline exhibits rapid trans-to-cis isomerization under near-UV light, and prolonged exposure results in the formation of photocycloaddition products. We demonstrate that exposure to UV light triggers a time-dependent decrease in the antagonistic activity of istradefylline in A2AR-expressing cells and enables real-time optical control of A2AR signaling in living cells and zebrafish. Together, these data demonstrate that istradefylline is a photoinactivatable A2AR antagonist and that this property can be utilized to perform photopharmacological experiments in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Dumazer
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez-Santacana
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Maurel
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Lebon
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
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5
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da Silva JLG, Viana AR, Passos DF, Krause LMF, Miron VV, Schetinger MRC, Pillat MM, Palma TV, Leal DBR. Istradefylline modulates purinergic enzymes and reduces malignancy-associated factors in B16F10 melanoma cells. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:633-650. [PMID: 36522571 PMCID: PMC10754812 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and adenosine exert pivotal roles in the development, maintenance, and metastatic spreading of melanoma. The action of such key melanoma tumor microenvironment (TME) constituents might be complementary or opposed, and their effects are not exclusive to immune cells but also to other host cells and tumor cells. The effects of ATP are controlled by the axis CD39/73, resulting in adenosine, the main actor in the TME, and A2A is the crucial mediator of its effects. We evaluated ATP and adenosine signaling through A2A on B16F10 melanoma cells using istradefylline (IST) (antiparkinsonian A2A antagonist) and caffeine (CAF) treatments after exposure to ATP and adenosine. Adenosine increased melanoma cell viability and proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. ATP increases viability only as a substrate by CD39 to produce adenosine. Both IST and CAF are toxic to B16F10 cells, but only IST potentialized paclitaxel-induced cytotoxic effects, even decreasing its IC50 value. IST positively modulated CD39 and CD73 expression. CD39 activity was increased, and E-ADA was reduced, indicating that the melanoma cells promoted compensatory feedback in the production and maintenance of adenosine levels. A2A antagonism by IST reduced the factors associated with malignancy, like migration, adhesion, colony formation, and the capacity to produce melanin. Moreover, IST significantly increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which correlates to a decline in melanoma cell viability by apoptotic events. Altogether, our results suggest that adenosine signaling through A2A is essential for B16F10 cells, and its inhibition by IST causes compensatory purinergic enzymatic modulations. Furthermore, IST is a promising therapy that provides new ways to improve current melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lucas Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Altevir Rossato Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Laboratório de Biociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Załuski M, Karcz T, Drabczyńska A, Vielmuth C, Olejarz-Maciej A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Siwek A, Satała G, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Xanthine-Dopamine Hybrid Molecules as Multitarget Drugs with Potential for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1079. [PMID: 37509114 PMCID: PMC10377586 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multitarget drugs based on a hybrid dopamine-xanthine core were designed as potential drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with significant ancillary A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) antagonistic properties were further developed to exhibit additional phosphodiesterase-4 and -10 (PDE4/10) inhibition and/or dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonistic activity. While all of the designed compounds showed MAO-B inhibition in the nanomolar range mostly combined with submicromolar A2AAR affinity, significant enhancement of PDE-inhibitory and D2R-agonistic activity was additionally reached for some compounds through various structural modifications. The final multitarget drugs also showed promising antioxidant properties in vitro. In order to evaluate their potential neuroprotective effect, representative ligands were tested in a cellular model of toxin-induced neurotoxicity. As a result, protective effects against oxidative stress in neuroblastoma cells were observed, confirming the utility of the applied strategy. Further evaluation of the newly developed multitarget ligands in preclinical models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Drabczyńska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Cervetto C, Maura G, Guidolin D, Amato S, Ceccoli C, Agnati LF, Marcoli M. Striatal astrocytic A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interactions and their role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2023:109636. [PMID: 37321323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that astrocytes are active players in synaptic transmission, so that a neurocentric perspective of the integrative signal communication in the central nervous system is shifting towards a neuro-astrocentric perspective. Astrocytes respond to synaptic activity, release chemical signals (gliotransmitters) and express neurotransmitter receptors (G protein-coupled and ionotropic receptors), thus behaving as co-actors with neurons in signal communication in the central nervous system. The ability of G protein-coupled receptors to physically interact through heteromerization, forming heteromers and receptor mosaics with new distinct signal recognition and transduction pathways, has been intensively studied at neuronal plasma membrane, and has changed the view of the integrative signal communication in the central nervous system. One of the best-known examples of receptor-receptor interaction through heteromerization, with relevant consequences for both the physiological and the pharmacological points of view, is given by adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors on the plasma membrane of striatal neurons. Here we review evidence that native A2A and D2 receptors can interact through heteromerization at the plasma membrane of astrocytes as well. Astrocytic A2A-D2 heteromers were found able to control the release of glutamate from the striatal astrocyte processes. A2A-D2 heteromers on striatal astrocytes and astrocyte processes are discussed as far as their potential relevance in the control of glutamatergic transmission in striatum is concerned, including potential roles in glutamatergic transmission dysregulation in pathological conditions including schizophrenia or the Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Center for Promotion of 3Rs in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ceccoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biochemical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Center for Promotion of 3Rs in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Italy.
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8
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Qi C, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Chen W, Vakal S, Chen JF, Zheng W. A 2AR antagonist treatment for multiple sclerosis: Current progress and future prospects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:185-223. [PMID: 37741692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both selective and non-selective Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists could effectively protect mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is the most commonly used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Meanwhile, the recent FDA approval of Nourianz® (istradefylline) in 2019 as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes, along with its proven clinical safety, has prompted us to explore the potential of A2AR antagonists in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) through clinical trials. However, despite promising findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the complex and contradictory role of A2AR signaling in EAE pathology has raised concerns about the feasibility of using A2AR antagonists as a therapeutic approach for MS. This review addresses the potential effect of A2AR antagonists on EAE/MS in both the peripheral immune system (PIS) and the central nervous system (CNS). In brief, A2AR antagonists had a moderate effect on the proliferation and inflammatory response, while exhibiting a potent anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS through their impact on microglia, astrocytes, and the endothelial cells/epithelium of the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, A2AR signaling remains an essential immunomodulator in EAE/MS, suggesting that A2AR antagonists hold promise as a drug class for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.
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9
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Gutknecht da Silva JL, Passos DF, Cabral FL, Miron VV, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AA, Dal Piva CH, Gomes CO, Ebone RS, Leal DBR. Istradefylline induces A2A/P2X7 crosstalk expression inducing pro-inflammatory signal, and reduces AKT/mTOR signaling in melanoma-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2023; 40:178. [PMID: 37188995 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP and adenosine (ADO) are critical players in the context of cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the signaling dependent on these molecules, and immune cells, is regulated by an enzymatic chain and purinergic receptors called purinome. Primarily, the A2A receptor (A2AR) has a pro-tumor action since it reduces the immune response and favors the growth of malignant melanoma. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of A2AR antagonism with Istradefylline (IST) on the purinergic signaling profile of the melanoma tumor and immunological compartments. We observed reduced tumor growth of melanoma in IST-treated animals. IST inhibited AKT/mTOR pathway, which is involved with tumor growth. In the tumor, spleen, and thymus, the modulation of purinergic enzymes (CD39, CD73, and E-ADA) characterized a pro-inflammatory profile since it favored increased extracellular concentrations of ATP to the detriment of ADO. A2AR inhibition generated a compensatory feedback process with increased A2AR expression at the tumor level. However, there was also an increase in the expression of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which culminated in an increase in pro-inflammatory pathways with the release of IL-1β and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Our data evidence the cross-involvement between expression and action of the A2AR and P2X7R. We suggest that IST is a promising drug for off-label use in cancer since it promotes an anti-tumoral response by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocking of AKT/mTOR tumor growth pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa V Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrieli A Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camile H Dal Piva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan S Ebone
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Jenner P, Kanda T, Mori A. How and why the adenosine A 2A receptor became a target for Parkinson's disease therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:73-104. [PMID: 37741697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness. However, it does not alleviate all components of the motor deficits and has only limited effects on non-motor symptoms. For this reason, alternative non-dopaminergic approaches to treatment have been sought and the adenosine A2A receptor provided a novel target for symptomatic therapy both within the basal ganglia and elsewhere in the brain. Despite an impressive preclinical profile that would indicate a clear role for adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the road to clinical use has been long and full of difficulties. Some aspects of the drugs preclinical profile have not translated into clinical effectiveness and not all the clinical studies undertaken have had a positive outcome. The reasons for this will be explored and suggestions made for the further development of this drug class in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, one adenosine A2A antagonist, namely istradefylline has been introduced successfully for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease in two major areas of the world and has become a commercial success through offering the first non-dopaminergic approach to the treatment of unmet need to be introduced in several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ohno Y, Okita E, Kawai-Uchida M, Fukuda N, Shoukei Y, Soshiroda K, Yamada K, Kanda T, Uchida S. Anti-parkinsonian activity of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist KW-6356 as monotherapy in MPTP-treated common marmosets. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175773. [PMID: 37146707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
KW-6356 is a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist that not only blocks binding of adenosine to adenosine A2A receptor but also inhibits the constitutive activity of adenosine A2A receptor. The efficacy of KW-6356 as both monotherapy and an adjunct therapy to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)/decarboxylase inhibitor in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been reported. However, the first-generation A2A antagonist istradefylline, which is approved for use as an adjunct treatment to L-DOPA/decarboxylase inhibitor in adult PD patients experiencing OFF episodes, has not shown statistically significant efficacy as monotherapy. In vitro pharmacological studies have shown that the pharmacological properties of KW-6356 and istradefylline at adenosine A2A receptor are markedly different. However, the anti-parkinsonian activity and effects on dyskinesia of KW-6356 in PD animal models and the differences in the efficacy between KW-6356 and istradefylline are unknown. The present study investigated the anti-parkinsonian activity of KW-6356 as monotherapy in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated common marmosets, and its efficacy was directly compared with that of istradefylline. In addition, we investigated whether or not repeated administration of KW-6356 induced dyskinesia. Oral administration of KW-6356 reversed motor disability in a dose-dependent manner up to 1 mg/kg in MPTP-treated common marmosets. The magnitude of anti-parkinsonian activity induced by KW-6356 was significantly greater than that of istradefylline. Repeated administration of KW-6356 induced little dyskinesia in MPTP-treated common marmosets primed to exhibit dyskinesia by prior exposure to L-DOPA. These results indicate that KW-6356 can be a novel non-dopaminergic therapy as monotherapy without inducing dyskinesia in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ohno
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Eri Okita
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Mika Kawai-Uchida
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Naoko Fukuda
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Youji Shoukei
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Soshiroda
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan.
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12
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Mettai M, Daoud I, Mesli F, Kenouche S, Melkemi N, Kherachi R, Belkadi A. Molecular docking/dynamics simulations, MEP analysis, bioisosteric replacement and ADME/T prediction for identification of dual targets inhibitors of Parkinson's disease with novel scaffold. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36687301 PMCID: PMC9852416 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B and Adenosine A2A receptors are used as key targets for Parkinson's disease. Recently, hMAO-B and hA2AR Dual-targets inhibitory potential of a novel series of Phenylxanthine derivatives has been established in experimental findings. Hence, the current study examines the interactions between 38 compounds of this series with hMAO-B and hA2AR targets using different molecular modeling techniques to investigate the binding mode and stability of the formed complexes. A molecular docking study revealed that the compounds L24 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl) phenyl) acrylamide and L32 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)phenyl)acrylamide) had a high affinity (S-score: -10.160 and -7.344 kcal/mol) with the pocket of hMAO-B and hA2AR targets respectively, and the stability of the studied complexes was confirmed during MD simulations. Also, the MEP maps of compounds 24 and 32 were used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack regions. Moreover, the bioisosteric replacement approach was successfully applied to design two new analogs of each compound with similar biological activities and low energy scores. Furthermore, ADME-T and Drug-likeness results revealed the promising pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Thus, compounds L24, L32, and their analogs can undergo further analysis and optimization in order to design new lead compounds with higher efficacy toward Parkinson's disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merzaka Mettai
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ismail Daoud
- Department of Matter Sciences, University Mohamed Khider, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, University of Mohamed Khider, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Melkemi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Rania Kherachi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahlem Belkadi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PD, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:560-577. [PMID: 36200159 PMCID: PMC10207906 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221005090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being classified as a movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a wide range of non-motor symptoms that significantly affect the patients' quality of life. However, clear evidence-based therapy recommendations for non-motor symptoms of PD are uncommon. Animal models of PD have previously been shown to be useful for advancing the knowledge and treatment of motor symptoms. However, these models may provide insight into and assess therapies for non-motor symptoms in PD. This paper highlights non-motor symptoms in preclinical models of PD and the current position regarding preclinical therapeutic approaches for these non-motor symptoms. This information may be relevant for designing future preclinical investigations of therapies for nonmotor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D.E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2022:167927. [PMID: 36563742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized in part by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons which leads to motor impairment. Although there is no cure for PD, the motor symptoms can be treated using dopamine replacement therapies including the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, which has been in use since the 1960s. However, neurodegeneration in PD is not limited to dopaminergic neurons, and many patients experience non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment or neuropsychiatric disturbances, for which there are limited treatment options. Moreover, there are currently no treatments able to alter the progression of neurodegeneration. There are many therapeutic strategies being investigated for PD, including alternatives to L-DOPA for the treatment of motor impairment, symptomatic treatments for non-motor symptoms, and neuroprotective or disease-modifying agents. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include the dopamine receptors, are highly druggable cell surface proteins which can regulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways and thereby modulate the function of neuronal circuits affected by PD. This review will describe the treatment strategies being investigated for PD that target GPCRs and their downstream signaling mechanisms. First, we discuss new developments in dopaminergic agents for alleviating PD motor impairment, the role of dopamine receptors in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia, as well as agents targeting non-dopamine GPCRs which could augment or replace traditional dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss GPCRs as prospective treatments for neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in PD. Finally, we discuss the evidence pertaining to ghrelin receptors, β-adrenergic receptors, angiotensin receptors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors, which have been proposed as disease modifying targets with potential neuroprotective effects in PD.
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Safety and effectiveness of istradefylline as add-on therapy to levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease: Final report of a post-marketing surveillance study in Japan. J Neurol Sci 2022; 443:120479. [PMID: 36395674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Istradefylline is approved in Japan and the US for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in adult patients who experience the wearing-off phenomenon while receiving levodopa; however, safety and efficacy data for real-world clinical use are lacking. METHODS We report the final results of a prospective, long-term, post-marketing surveillance study of istradefylline adjunct to levodopa for adults with PD experiencing the wearing-off phenomenon. Patients across 214 study sites initiating treatment with oral istradefylline once-daily 20- or 40-mg were followed-up for 1 year. We collected demographic data, disease and treatment histories, and recorded adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The priority survey item was the occurrence of psychiatric ADRs. Effectiveness was evaluated by the physician's global and motor function assessments. RESULTS Case report forms were collected for 1320 patients, and the safety and effectiveness analysis sets included 1318 and 1284 patients, respectively. The mean age was 71.5 years and 56.2% of patients were women. A total of 274 patients (20.8%) experienced an ADR, 39 patients had a serious ADR, and 7 patients had a fatal ADR that was considered not related to istradefylline. Common ADRs included dyskinesia, hallucination, and visual hallucination. Sixty-five patients (4.9%) experienced a psychiatric ADR. Istradefylline was effective (physician-rated) in 59.8% of patients, and most patients had reduced or unchanged off-time duration, improved or unchanged off-time symptoms, and improved or unchanged motor symptoms. CONCLUSION Istradefylline safely and effectively improves motor symptoms in PD patients experiencing the wearing-off phenomenon with levodopa therapy in the real-world setting.
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Boulaamane Y, Ibrahim MAA, Britel MR, Maurady A. In silico studies of natural product-like caffeine derivatives as potential MAO-B inhibitors/AA 2AR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Integr Bioinform 2022; 19:jib-2021-0027. [PMID: 36112816 PMCID: PMC9800045 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is considered the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is described by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain. For many decades, L-DOPA has been considered as the gold standard for treating Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, however, due to the decrease of efficacy, in the long run, there is an urgent need for novel antiparkinsonian drugs. Caffeine derivatives have been reported several times for their neuroprotective properties and dual blockade of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and adenosine A2A receptors (AA2AR). Natural products are currently attracting more focus due to structural diversity and safety in contrast to synthetic drugs. In the present work, computational studies were conducted on natural product-like caffeine derivatives to search for novel potent candidates acting as dual MAO-B inhibitors/AA2AR antagonists for Parkinson's disease. Our findings revealed two natural products among the top hits: CNP0202316 and CNP0365210 fulfill the requirements of drugs acting on the brain. The selected lead compounds were further studied using molecular dynamics simulation to assess their stability with MAO-B. Current findings might shift the interest towards natural-based compounds and could be exploited to further optimize caffeine derivatives into a successful dual-target-directed drug for managing and halting the neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Boulaamane
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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18
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Muzychka LV, Verves EV, Yaremchuk IO, Zinchenko AM, Shishkina SV, Semenyuta IV, Hodyna DM, Metelytsia LO, Kovalishyn V, Smolii OB. Synthesis, QSAR modeling, and molecular docking of novel fused 7-deazaxanthine derivatives as adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1025-1032. [PMID: 34651417 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Predictive QSAR models for the search of new adenosine A2A receptor antagonists were developed by using OCHEM platform. The predictive ability of the regression models has coefficient of determination q2 = 0.65-0.71 with cross-validation and independent test set. The inhibition activities of novel fused 7-deazaxanthine compounds were predicted by the developed QSAR models. A preparative method for the synthesis of pyrimido[5',4':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine derivatives was developed, and 11 new adenosine A2A receptor antagonists were obtained. Preliminary investigations into the toxicology of fused 7-deazaxanthine compounds toward commonly used model organism to assess toxicity invertebrate cladoceran D. magna were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Muzychka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evgenii V Verves
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna O Yaremchuk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna M Zinchenko
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Studies and Quantum Chemistry, STC "Institute for Single Crystals", NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan V Semenyuta
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Diana M Hodyna
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa O Metelytsia
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg B Smolii
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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19
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Królicka E, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Łażewska D. Chalcones as Potential Ligands for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070847. [PMID: 35890146 PMCID: PMC9317344 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the increase in life expectancy, a significant increase of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (ND) has been noticed. The second most common ND, after Alzheimer’s disease, is Parkinson’s disease (PD), which manifests itself with a number of motor and non-motor symptoms that hinder the patient’s life. Current therapies can only alleviate those symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease, but not effectively cure it. So now, in addition to understanding the mechanism and causes of PD, it is also important to find a powerful way of treatment. It has been proved that in the etiology and course of PD, the essential roles are played by dopamine (DA) (an important neurotransmitter), enzymes regulating its level (e.g., COMT, MAO), and oxidative stress leading to neuroinflammation. Chalcones, due to their “simple” structure and valuable biological properties are considered as promising candidates for treatment of ND, also including PD. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of chalcones and related structures as potential new therapeutics for cure and prevention of PD. For this purpose, three databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched to collect articles published during the last 5 years (January 2018–February 2022). Chalcones have been described as promising enzyme inhibitors (MAO B, COMT, AChE), α-synuclein imaging probes, showing anti-neuroinflammatory activity (inhibition of iNOS or activation of Nrf2 signaling), as well as antagonists of adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptors. This review focused on the structure–activity relationships of these compounds to determine how a particular substituent or its position in the chalcone ring(s) (ring A and/or B) affects biological activity.
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20
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Casadó-Anguera V, Casadó V. Unmasking allosteric binding sites: Novel targets for GPCR drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:897-923. [PMID: 35649692 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2085684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unexpected non-apparent and hidden allosteric binding sites are non-classical and non-apparent allosteric centers in 3-D X-ray protein structures until orthosteric or allosteric ligands bind to them. The orthosteric center of one protomer that modulates binding centers of the other protomers within an oligomer is also an unexpected allosteric site. Furthermore, another partner protein can also produce these effects, acting as an unexpected allosteric modulator. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes both classical and non-classical allosterism. The authors focus on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomers as a paradigm of allosteric molecules. Moreover, they show several examples of unexpected allosteric sites such as hidden allosteric sites in a protomer that appear after the interaction with other molecules and the allosterism exerted between orthosteric sites within GPCR oligomer, emphasizing on the allosteric modulations that can occur between binding sites. EXPERT OPINION The study of these new non-classical allosteric sites will expand the diversity of allosteric control on the function of orthosteric sites within proteins, whether GPCRs or other receptors, enzymes or transporters. Moreover, the design of new drugs targeting these hidden allosteric sites or already known orthosteric sites acting as allosteric sites in protein homo- or hetero-oligomers will increase the therapeutic potential of allosterism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Okita K, Matsumoto T, Funada D, Murakami M, Kato K, Shigemoto Y, Sato N, Matsuda H. Potential Treat-to-Target Approach for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Pilot Study of Adenosine 2A Receptor Antagonist With Positron Emission Tomography. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820447. [PMID: 35645814 PMCID: PMC9130733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The misuse of stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine is a global public health issue. One important neurochemical mechanism of methamphetamine use disorder may be altered dopaminergic neurotransmission. For instance, previous studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have consistently shown that striatal dopamine D2-type receptor availability (quantified as binding potential; BPND) is lower in methamphetamine use disorder. Further, methamphetamine use is known to induce chronic neuroinflammation through multiple physiological pathways. Upregulation of D2-type receptor and/or attenuation of neuroinflammation may therefore provide a therapeutic effect for this disorder. In vitro studies have shown that blockage of adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors may prevent D2-receptor downregulation and neuroinflammation-related brain damage. However, no study has examined this hypothesis yet.Methods and Analysis: Using a within-subject design, this trial will assess the effect of the selective A2A receptor antagonist, istradefylline, primarily on D2-type BPND in the striatum, and secondarily on neuroinflammation in the whole brain in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. The research hypotheses are that istradefylline will increase striatal D2-type BPND and attenuate neuroinflammation. Twenty participants with methamphetamine use disorder, aged 20–65, will be recruited to undergo [11C]raclopride PET (for every participant) and [11C]DAA1106 PET (if applicable) once before and once after administration of 40 mg/day istradefylline for 2 weeks. Neuropsychological measurements will be performed on the same days of the PET scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Okita
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kyoji Okita,
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Funada
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Radiology, Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Drug Discovery and Cyclotron Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Scott KA, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. Phenols in Pharmaceuticals: Analysis of a Recurring Motif. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7044-7072. [PMID: 35533692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenols and phenolic ethers are significant scaffolds recurring both in nature and among approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. This compendium presents the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of the structures of U.S. FDA-approved molecules containing phenol or phenolic ether fragments. This dataset comprises 371 structures, which are strongly represented by natural products. A total of 55 of the compounds described here are on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Structural analysis reveals significant differences in the physicochemical properties imparted by phenols versus phenol ethers, each having benefits and drawbacks for drug developability. Despite trends over the past decade to increase the fraction of sp3 centers in drug leads, thereby "escaping flatland", phenols and phenolic ethers are represented in 62% of small-molecule drugs approved in 2020, suggesting that this aromatic moiety holds a special place in drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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23
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Wang J, Bhattarai A, Do HN, Akhter S, Miao Y. Molecular Simulations and Drug Discovery of Adenosine Receptors. Molecules 2022; 27:2054. [PMID: 35408454 PMCID: PMC9000248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of human membrane proteins. Four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), the A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR, each with a unique pharmacological profile and distribution within the tissues in the human body, mediate many physiological functions and serve as critical drug targets for treating numerous human diseases including cancer, neuropathic pain, cardiac ischemia, stroke and diabetes. The A1AR and A3AR preferentially couple to the Gi/o proteins, while the A2AAR and A2BAR prefer coupling to the Gs proteins. Adenosine receptors were the first subclass of GPCRs that had experimental structures determined in complex with distinct G proteins. Here, we will review recent studies in molecular simulations and computer-aided drug discovery of the adenosine receptors and also highlight their future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (J.W.); (A.B.); (H.N.D.); (S.A.)
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24
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Bhurta D, Bharate SB. Styryl Group, a Friend or Foe in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100706. [PMID: 35166041 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The styryl (Ph-CH=CH-R) group is widely represented in medicinally important compounds, including drugs, clinical candidates, and molecular probes as it positively impacts the lipophilicity, oral absorption, and biological activity. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (styryl vs. phenethyl, phenyl, methyl, H) for the biological activity indicates the superiority aspect of styryl compounds. However, the Michael acceptor site in the styryl group makes it amenable to the nucleophilic attack by biological nucleophiles and transformation to the toxic metabolites. One of the downsides of styryl compounds is isomerization that impacts the molecular conformation and directly affects biological activity. The impact of cis-trans isomerism and isosteric replacements on biological activity is exemplified. We also discuss the styryl group-bearing drugs, clinical candidates, and fluorescent probes. Overall, the present review reveals the utility of the styryl group in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deendyal Bhurta
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products and medicinal chemistry, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Sandip Bibishan Bharate
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine CSIR, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
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25
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Dale NC, Johnstone EKM, Pfleger KDG. GPCR heteromers: An overview of their classification, function and physiological relevance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:931573. [PMID: 36111299 PMCID: PMC9468249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.931573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are capable of interacting to form higher order structures such as homomers and heteromers. Heteromerisation in particular has implications for receptor function, with research showing receptors can attain unique expression, ligand binding, signalling and intracellular trafficking upon heteromerisation. As such, GPCR heteromers represent novel drug targets with extensive therapeutic potential. Changes to ligand affinity, efficacy and G protein coupling have all been described, with alterations to these pharmacological aspects now well accepted as common traits for heteromeric complexes. Changes in internalisation and trafficking kinetics, as well as β-arrestin interactions are also becoming more apparent, however, few studies to date have explicitly looked at the implications these factors have upon the signalling profile of a heteromer. Development of ligands to target GPCR heteromers both experimentally and therapeutically has been mostly concentrated on bivalent ligands due to difficulties in identifying and developing heteromer-specific ligands. Improving our understanding of the pharmacology and physiology of GPCR heteromers will enable further development of heteromer-specific ligands with potential to provide therapeutics with increased efficacy and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C. Dale
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin D. G. Pfleger, ; Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone,
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin D. G. Pfleger, ; Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone,
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26
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Shimo Y, Maeda T, Chiu SW, Yamaguchi T, Kashihara K, Tsuboi Y, Nomoto M, Hattori N, Watanabe H, Saiki H. Influence of istradefylline on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: A subanalysis of a 1-year observational study in Japan (J-FIRST). Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:115-120. [PMID: 34583302 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The non-motor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impact the patient's health-related quality of life. This subanalysis of the J-FIRST study evaluated the effect of istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, on NMSs in istradefylline-naïve Japanese patients with PD. METHODS Patients with PD and ≥1 NMS and 'wearing-off' with their current antiparkinsonian treatment were observed for up to 52 weeks. The effect of istradefylline on NMSs was measured in terms of changes in the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 1 total, individual sub-items scores and the 8 item PD questionnaire (PDQ-8) estimated by the marginal structural model. RESULTS Overall, 732 patients were istradefylline-naïve prior to the study, of whom 171 were treated with istradefylline for ≥8 weeks during the observation period (istradefylline-treated patients). At baseline, istradefylline-treated patients were more likely to have a dyskinesia (49.7% vs 40.8%) and received a significantly higher daily dose of levodopa (462.8 mg vs 413.0 mg) than those who did not receive istradefylline (n = 561). MDS-UPDRS Part 1 total score at the end of the 52-week observational period slightly increased in patients who received istradefylline and those who did not (0.49 ± 0.41 vs 0.07 ± 0.20; P = 0.36). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of changes in the MDS-UPDRS Part 1 total score or any sub-items, or in the PDQ-8 total score. CONCLUSION NMSs remained generally controlled in istradefylline-treated Japanese patients with PD who exhibited wearing-off with their current antiparkinsonian treatment. Istradefylline could be a feasible treatment option for patients with advanced PD, without worsening existing NMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan; Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Shih-Wei Chiu
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashihara
- Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Okayama Neurology Clinic, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomoto
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Imabari Center for Health and Welfare, Imabari, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidemoto Saiki
- Parkinson's Disease Advanced Therapy Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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27
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Shang P, Baker M, Banks S, Hong SI, Choi DS. Emerging Nondopaminergic Medications for Parkinson's Disease: Focusing on A2A Receptor Antagonists and GLP1 Receptor Agonists. J Mov Disord 2021; 14:193-203. [PMID: 34399565 PMCID: PMC8490190 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by classic motor features associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and appearance of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra. Due to the complexity of PD, a definitive diagnosis in the early stages and effective management of symptoms in later stages are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Previous research has shown that colocalization of A2A receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) may induce an antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine. Clinical trials have found that the A2AR antagonist istradefylline decreases dyskinesia in PD and could be used as an adjuvant to levodopa treatment. Meanwhile, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mainly facilitates glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Preclinical experiments and clinical trials of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists show that they may be effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and sustaining cellular functions in the central nervous system of patients with PD. In this review, we summarize up-to-date findings on the usefulness of A2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in PD management. We explain the molecular mechanisms of these medications and their interactions with other neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, we discuss the efficacy and limitations of A2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Banks
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sa-Ik Hong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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28
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Di Matteo P, Bortolami M, Feroci M, Scarano V, Petrucci R. Electrochemical Transformations of Methylxanthines in Non‐Aqueous Medium. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Matteo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment Sapienza University of Rome Via Eudossiana 18 00184 Rome Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scarano
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
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29
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Massari CM, Constantino LC, Tasca CI. Adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors are involved on guanosine protective effects against oxidative burst and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-OHDA in striatal slices. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:247-254. [PMID: 33548045 PMCID: PMC8155135 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is the most used toxin in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 6-OHDA shows high affinity for the dopamine transporter and once inside the neuron, it accumulates and undergoes non-enzymatic auto-oxidation, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and selective damage of catecholaminergic neurons. In this way, our group has established a 6-OHDA in vitro protocol with rat striatal slices as a rapid and effective model for screening of new drugs with protective effects against PD. We have shown that co-incubation with guanosine (GUO, 100 μM) prevented the 6-OHDA-induced damage in striatal slices. As the exact GUO mechanism of action remains unknown, the aim of this study was to investigate if adenosine A1 (A1R) and/or A2A receptors (A2AR) are involved on GUO protective effects on striatal slices. Pre-incubation with DPCPX, an A1R antagonist prevented guanosine effects on 6-OHDA-induced ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, while CCPA, an A1R agonist, did not alter GUO effects. Regarding A2AR, the antagonist SCH58261 had similar protective effect as GUO in ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, SCH58261 did not affect GUO protective effects. The A2AR agonist CGS21680, although, completely blocked GUO effects. Finally, the A1R antagonist DPCPX, and the A2AR agonist CGS21680 also abolished the preventive guanosine effect on 6-OHDA-induced ATP levels decrease. These results reinforce previous evidence for a putative interaction of GUO with A1R-A2AR heteromer as its molecular target and clearly indicate a dependence on adenosine receptors modulation to GUO protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Massari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - L C Constantino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - C I Tasca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica-4, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Abstract
The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite being an extensively studied bioactive natural product, the mechanistic understanding of caffeine's pharmacological effects is incomplete. While several molecular targets of caffeine such as adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterases have been known for decades and inspired numerous medicinal chemistry programs, new protein interactions of the xanthine are continuously discovered providing potentially improved pharmacological understanding and a molecular basis for future medicinal chemistry. In this Perspective, we gather knowledge on the confirmed protein interactions, structure activity relationship, and chemical biology of caffeine on well-known and upcoming targets. The diversity of caffeine's molecular activities on receptors and enzymes, many of which are abundant in the CNS, indicates a complex interplay of several mechanisms contributing to neuroprotective effects and highlights new targets as attractive subjects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Faudone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Arifi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Jenner P, Mori A, Aradi SD, Hauser RA. Istradefylline - a first generation adenosine A 2A antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:317-333. [PMID: 33507105 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1880896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now accepted that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not simply due to dopaminergic dysfunction, and there is interest in developing non-dopaminergic approaches to disease management. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic treatment of PD.Areas covered In this narrative review, we summarize the literature supporting the utility of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD with a specific focus on istradefylline, the most studied and only adenosine A2A antagonist currently in clinical use.Expert opinion: At this time, the use of istradefylline in the treatment of PD is limited to the management of motor fluctuations as supported by the results of randomized clinical trials and evaluation by Japanese and USA regulatory authorities. The relatively complicated clinical development of istradefylline was based on classically designed studies conducted in PD patients with motor fluctuations on an optimized regimen of levodopa plus adjunctive dopaminergic medications. In animal models, there is consensus that a more robust effect of istradefylline in improving motor function is produced when combined with low or threshold doses of levodopa rather than with high doses that produce maximal dopaminergic improvement. Exploration of istradefylline as a 'levodopa sparing' strategy in earlier PD would seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akihisa Mori
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen D Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Wang Y, Xu H, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xu Z, Li J, Xue M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Studies of Istradefylline Derivatives Based on Adenine as A 2A Receptor Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4386-4394. [PMID: 33644551 PMCID: PMC7906590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to its double bond, istradefylline rapidly isomerizes to Z-istradefylline when exposed to normal daylight in dilute solution. To solve the poor photostability of the istradefylline solution, a series of istradefylline derivatives (in total 17 compounds, including II-1 and II-2 series) were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity in inhibiting cAMP was evaluated. The IC50 values of compounds II-1-3, II-2-1, II-2-2, II-2-3, II-2-4, and II-2-6 were 7.71, 6.52, 6.16, 7.23, 7.96, and 9.68 μg/mL, respectively, which had the same order of activity as that of istradefylline (IC50 value was 1.94 μg/mL). The preliminary structure-activity relationship suggested that the 6-amino in adenine played an important role in binding an A2A receptor. The results of photostability experiments showed that the photostability of the target compounds of II-1 and II-2 series was improved when compared with that of istradefylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zheng
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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Renk DR, Skraban M, Bier D, Schulze A, Wabbals E, Wedekind F, Neumaier F, Neumaier B, Holschbach M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Tozadenant analogues as adenosine A 2A receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113214. [PMID: 33548636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to obtain potent adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) ligands, a series of eighteen derivatives of 4-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxy-7-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide (SYN-115, Tozadenant) were designed and synthesized. The target compounds were obtained by a chemical building block principle that involved reaction of the appropriate aminobenzothiazole phenyl carbamates with either commercially available or readily synthesized functionalized piperidines. Their affinity and subtype selectivity with regard to human adenosine A1-and A2A receptors were determined using radioligand binding assays. Ki values for human A2AR ranged from 2.4 to 38 nM, with more than 120-fold selectivity over A1 receptors for all evaluated compounds except 13k which had a Ki of 361 nM and 18-fold selectivity. The most potent fluorine-containing derivatives 13e, 13g and 13l exhibited Ki values of 4.9 nM, 3.6 nM and 2.8 nM for the human A2AR. Interestingly, the corresponding values for rat A2AR were found to be four to five times higher. Their binding to A2AR was further confirmed by radiolabeling with 18F and in vitro autoradiography in rat brain slices, which showed almost exclusive striatal binding and complete displacement by the A2AR antagonist ZM 241385. We conclude that these compounds represent potential candidates for the visualization of the A2A receptor and open pathways to novel therapeutic treatments of neurodegenerative disorders or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Renk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Marcel Skraban
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Dirk Bier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Annette Schulze
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Erika Wabbals
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Franziska Wedekind
- Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Marcus Holschbach
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
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Parkinson's disease in women: Mechanisms underlying sex differences. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173862. [PMID: 33450279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is associated with different motor, cognitive and mood-related problems. Though it has been established that Parkinson's disease is less prevalent in women in comparison to men, the differences tend to diminish with the advancing age. Different genetic, hormonal, neuroendocrinal and molecular players contribute towards the differences in the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, data available with respect to the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease in females is limited; women often tend to suffer more from the side effects of the currently available drugs. The present review highlights the sex-specific differences which play a role in the manifestation of these symptoms and side effects of the currently available therapeutic strategies. We have also discussed the current and upcoming therapeutic strategies which are in the clinical trials such as adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonists, estrogen replacement therapy, α-synuclein targeting vaccines and antibodies, Botulinum toxin A, Fas-associated factor-1 (FAF-1) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, 5-HT1A receptor agonists, dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonists, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and certain plant based principles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in women.
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Berger AA, Winnick A, Welschmeyer A, Kaneb A, Berardino K, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. Istradefylline to Treat Patients with Parkinson's Disease Experiencing "Off" Episodes: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Int 2020; 12:109-129. [PMID: 33302331 PMCID: PMC7768423 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint12030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and peripherally; the syndromic parkinsonism symptoms of movement disorder, gait disorder, rigidity and tremor are mostly driven by the loss of these neurons in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients taking levodopa, the standard of care treatment for PD, will begin to experience a decrease in effectiveness at varying times. These periods, referred to as “off episodes”, are characterized by increased symptoms and have a detrimental effect on quality of life and disability. Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is indicated as a treatment addition to levodopa/carbidopa in patients experiencing “off episodes”. It promotes dopaminergic activity by antagonizing adenosine in the basal ganglia. This review will discuss istradefylline as a treatment for PD patients with off episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A. Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ariel Winnick
- Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Alexandra Welschmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Alicia Kaneb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Berardino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-515-9211
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants—Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Southcoast Health, Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA 02571, USA
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Di Virgilio F, Jacobson KA, Williams M. Geoffrey Burnstock - An accidental pharmacologist. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114300. [PMID: 33203518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geoffrey Burnstock, the founder of the field of purinergic signaling research passed away in Melbourne, Australia on June 3rd, 2020, at the age of 91. With his death, the world of biomedical research lost one of its most passionate, creative and unconventional thought leaders. He was an inspiration to the many researchers he interacted with for more than 50 years and a frequent irritation to those in the administrative establishment. Geoff never considered himself a pharmacologist having being trained as a zoologist and becoming an autonomic neurophysiologist based on his evolving interests in systems and disease-related research. By the end of his life he had: published some 1550 papers; been cited more than 125,000 times; had an h-index of 156 and had supervised over 100 Ph.D. students. His indelible legacy, based on a holistic, data-based, multidisciplinary, unconventional "outside the box" approach to research was reflected in two of the seminal findings in late 20th century biomedical research: the purinergic neurotransmitter hypothesis and the concept of co-neurotransmission, both of which were initially received by his peers with considerable skepticism that at times verged on disdain. Nonetheless, while raising hackles and threatening the status quo, Geoff persevered and prevailed, becoming a mentor for several generations of biomedical researchers. In this review we provide a joint perspective on Geoff Burnstock's legacy in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Navarro G, Gonzalez A, Campanacci S, Rivas-Santisteban R, Reyes-Resina I, Casajuana-Martin N, Cordomí A, Pardo L, Franco R. Experimental and computational analysis of biased agonism on full-length and a C-terminally truncated adenosine A 2A receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2723-2732. [PMID: 33101610 PMCID: PMC7550916 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism, the ability of agonists to differentially activate downstream signaling pathways by stabilizing specific receptor conformations, is a key issue for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. The C-terminal domain might influence this functional selectivity of GPCRs as it engages G proteins, GPCR kinases, β-arrestins, and several other proteins. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare the agonist-dependent selectivity for intracellular pathways in a heterologous system expressing the full-length (A2AR) and a C-tail truncated (A2AΔ40R lacking the last 40 amino acids) adenosine A2A receptor, a GPCR that is already targeted in Parkinson’s disease using a first-in-class drug. Experimental data such as ligand binding, cAMP production, β-arrestin recruitment, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and dynamic mass redistribution assays, which correspond to different aspects of signal transduction, were measured upon the action of structurally diverse compounds (the agonists adenosine, NECA, CGS-21680, PSB-0777 and LUF-5834 and the SCH-58261 antagonist) in cells expressing A2AR and A2AΔ40R. The results show that taking cAMP levels and the endogenous adenosine agonist as references, the main difference in bias was obtained with PSB-0777 and LUF-5834. The C-terminus is dispensable for both G-protein and β-arrestin recruitment and also for MAPK activation. Unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations, at the μs timescale, were used to understand the structural arrangements of the binding cavity, triggered by these chemically different agonists, facilitating G protein binding with different efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Dept. Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Campanacci
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Dept. Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
- Corresponding author at: School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhang J, Yan W, Duan W, Wüthrich K, Cheng J. Tumor Immunotherapy Using A 2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090237. [PMID: 32911819 PMCID: PMC7558881 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) plays critical roles in human physiology and pathophysiology, which makes it an important drug target. Previous drug-discovery efforts targeting the A2AAR have been focused on the use of A2AAR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. More recently, the A2AAR has attracted additional attention for its roles in immuno-oncology, and a number of A2AAR antagonists are currently used as lead compounds for antitumor drugs in both preclinical models and clinical trials. This review surveys recent advances in the development of A2AAR antagonists for cancer immunotherapy. The therapeutic potential of representative A2AAR antagonists is discussed based on both animal efficacy studies and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
| | - Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- Department of Integrated Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-20685237
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Dörr M, Röckl JL, Rein J, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical C-H Functionalization of (Hetero)Arenes-Optimized by DoE. Chemistry 2020; 26:10195-10198. [PMID: 32232873 PMCID: PMC7496267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach towards the activation of different arenes and purines including caffeine and theophylline is presented. The simple, safe and scalable electrochemical synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) aryl ethers was conducted using an easy electrolysis setup with boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Good yields up to 59 % were achieved. Triethylamine was used as a base as it forms a highly conductive media with HFIP, making additional supporting electrolytes superfluous. The synthesis was optimized using Design of Experiment (DoE) techniques giving a detailed insight to the significance of the reaction parameters. The mechanism was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Subsequent transition metal‐catalyzed as well as metal‐free functionalization led to interesting motifs in excellent yields up to 94 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Dörr
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes L Röckl
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Rein
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Kasabova-Angelova A, Tzankova D, Mitkov J, Georgieva M, Tzankova V, Zlatkov A, Kondeva-Burdina M. Xanthine Derivatives as Agents Affecting Non-dopaminergic Neuroprotection in Parkinson`s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2021-2036. [PMID: 30129404 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180821153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and debilitating disease that affects 1% of the elderly population. Patient's motor disability results in extreme difficulty to deal with daily activities. Conventional treatment is limited to dopamine replacement therapy, which fails to delay disease's progression and is often associated with a number of adverse reactions. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in PD has revealed new molecular targets for therapeutic approaches. Among them, caffeine and xanthine derivatives are promising drug candidates, because of the possible symptomatic benefits in PD. In fact, consumption of coffee correlates with a reduced risk of PD. Over the last decades, a lot of efforts have been made to uncover the therapeutic potential of xanthine structures. The substituted xanthine molecule is used as a scaffold for the synthesis of new compounds with protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, asthma, cancer and others. The administration of the xanthines has been proposed as a non-dopaminergic strategy for neuroprotection in PD and the mechanisms of protection have been associated with antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors and Monoamine Oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibition. The current review summarizes frequently suspected non-dopaminergic neuroprotective mechanisms and the possible beneficial effects of the xanthine derivatives in PD, along with some synthetic approaches to produce perspective xanthine derivatives as non-dopaminergic agents in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kasabova-Angelova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Tzankova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Javor Mitkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chandrasekaran B, Samarneh S, Jaber AMY, Kassab G, Agrawal N. Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2741-2771. [PMID: 31333084 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease. METHODS This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically. RESULTS This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Samarneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdul Muttaleb Yousef Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadir Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box: 4000, Westville, Durban, South Africa
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Kuder KJ, Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Latacz G, Olejarz‐Maciej A, Jaśko P, Doroz‐Płonka A, Brockmann A, Müller CE, Kieć‐Kononowicz K. Novel, Dual Target‐Directed Annelated Xanthine Derivatives Acting on Adenosine Receptors and Monoamine Oxidase B. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:772-786. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz‐Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Piotr Jaśko
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agata Doroz‐Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Andreas Brockmann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć‐Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
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Schröder S, Lai TH, Toussaint M, Kranz M, Chovsepian A, Shang Q, Dukić-Stefanović S, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Wenzel B, Moldovan RP, Pan-Montojo F, Brust P. PET Imaging of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor in the Rotenone-Based Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease with [ 18F]FESCH Synthesized by a Simplified Two-Step One-Pot Radiolabeling Strategy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071633. [PMID: 32252340 PMCID: PMC7180622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is regarded as a particularly appropriate target for non-dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). An increased A2AR availability has been found in the human striatum at early stages of PD and in patients with PD and dyskinesias. The aim of this small animal positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging study was to investigate whether rotenone-treated mice reflect the aspect of striatal A2AR upregulation in PD. For that purpose, we selected the known A2AR-specific radiotracer [18F]FESCH and developed a simplified two-step one-pot radiosynthesis. PET images showed a high uptake of [18F]FESCH in the mouse striatum. Concomitantly, metabolism studies with [18F]FESCH revealed the presence of a brain-penetrant radiometabolite. In rotenone-treated mice, a slightly higher striatal A2AR binding of [18F]FESCH was found. Nonetheless, the correlation between the increased A2AR levels within the proposed PD animal model remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Department of Research and Development, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Thu Hang Lai
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø 9009, Norway;
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9009, Norway
| | - Alexandra Chovsepian
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; (A.C.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Qi Shang
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich 81377, Germany;
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Clinic of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Francisco Pan-Montojo
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; (A.C.); (F.P.-M.)
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich 81377, Germany;
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (T.H.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (B.W.); (R.-P.M.); (P.B.)
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Chen JF, Cunha RA. The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:167-174. [PMID: 32236790 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist Nourianz® (istradefylline) developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., Japan, as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes. This milestone achievement is the culmination of the decade-long clinical studies of the effects of istradefylline in more than 4000 PD patients. Istradefylline is the first non-dopaminergic drug approved by FDA for PD in the last two decades. This approval also provides some important lessons to be remembered, namely, concerning disease-specific adenosine signaling and targeting subpopulation of PD patients. Importantly, this approval paves the way to foster entirely novel therapeutic opportunities for adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, such as neuroprotection or reversal of mood and cognitive deficits in PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sahoo AK, Gupta D, Singh A. Istradefylline: a novel drug for ‘off’ episodes in Parkinson’s disease. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Comeo E, Kindon ND, Soave M, Stoddart LA, Kilpatrick LE, Scammells PJ, Hill SJ, Kellam B. Subtype-Selective Fluorescent Ligands as Pharmacological Research Tools for the Human Adenosine A 2A Receptor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2656-2672. [PMID: 31887252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), the human adenosine A2A receptor (hA2AAR) remains an attractive drug target. However, translation of A2AAR ligands into the clinic has proved challenging and an improved understanding of A2AAR pharmacology could promote development of more efficacious therapies. Subtype-selective fluorescent probes would allow detailed real-time pharmacological investigations both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, two families of fluorescent probes were designed around the known hA2AAR selective antagonist preladenant (SCH 420814). Both families of fluorescent antagonists retained affinity at the hA2AAR, selectivity over all other adenosine receptor subtypes and allowed clear visualization of specific receptor localization through confocal imaging. Furthermore, the Alexa Fluor 647-labeled conjugate allowed measurement of ligand binding affinities of unlabeled hA2AAR antagonists using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) assay. The fluorescent ligands developed here can therefore be applied to a range of fluorescence-based techniques to further interrogate hA2AAR pharmacology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Comeo
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
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Schneider A, Sari AT, Alhaddad H, Sari Y. Overview of Therapeutic Drugs and Methods for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:195-206. [PMID: 32448109 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200525011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease involving degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathways. Over the past decades, most of the medications for the treatment of PD patients have been used to modulate dopamine concentrations in the basal ganglia. This includes levodopa and its inhibitory metabolizing enzymes. In addition to modulating dopamine concentrations in the brain, there are D2-like dopamine receptor agonists that mimic the action of dopamine to compensate for the deficit in dopamine found in PD patients. Muscarinic antagonists' drugs are used rarely due to some side effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are among the first in line, and are considered popular drugs that reduce the metabolism of dopamine in PD patients. Furthermore, we discussed in this review the existence of certain glutamate receptor antagonists for the treatment of PD. Alternatively, we further discussed the potential therapeutic role of adenosine (2A) receptor antagonists, such as tozadenant and istradefylline in the treatment of PD. We also discussed the important role of serotonin1A receptor agonist, adrenergic autoreceptors (α2) antagonists and calcium channel blockers in the treatment of PD. Finally, neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are considered the primary factors for neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Adam T Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
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49
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Role of cholesterol-mediated effects in GPCR heterodimers. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 227:104852. [PMID: 31866438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors that mediate a large number of cellular responses. The organization of GPCRs into dimers and higher-order oligomers is known to allow a larger repertoire of downstream signaling events. In this context, a crosstalk between the adenosine and dopamine receptors has been reported, indicating the presence of heterodimers that are functionally relevant. In this paper, we explored the effect of membrane cholesterol on the adenosine2A (A2A) and dopamine D3 (D3) receptors using coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations. We analyzed cholesterol interaction sites on the A2A receptor and were able to reproduce the sites indicated by crystallography and previous atomistic simulations. We predict novel cholesterol interaction sites on the D3 receptor that could be important in the reported cholesterol sensitivity in receptor function. Further, we analyzed the formation of heterodimers between the two receptors. Our results suggest that membrane cholesterol modulates the relative population of several co-existing heterodimer conformations. Both direct receptor-cholesterol interaction and indirect membrane effects contribute toward the modulation of heterodimer conformations. These results constitute one of the first examples of modulation of GPCR hetero-dimerization by membrane cholesterol, and could prove to be useful in designing better therapeutic strategies.
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50
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Motawi TK, Sadik NAH, Hamed MA, Ali SA, Khalil WKB, Ahmed YR. Potential therapeutic effects of antagonizing adenosine A2A receptor, curcumin and niacin in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice model. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 465:89-102. [PMID: 31820278 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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