1
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Sasso J, Tenchov R, Bird R, Iyer KA, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Zhou QA. The Evolving Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1951-2000. [PMID: 37821099 PMCID: PMC10655051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, minimizing damage to healthy cells and reducing systemic toxicity. Their design allows for higher doses of the cytotoxic drug to be administered, potentially increasing efficacy. They are currently among the most promising drug classes in oncology, with efforts to expand their application for nononcological indications and in combination therapies. Here we provide a detailed overview of the recent advances in ADC research and consider future directions and challenges in promoting this promising platform to widespread therapeutic use. We examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research to reveal the exploration trends in published documents and to provide insights into the scientific advances in the area. We also discuss the evolution of the key concepts in the field, the major technologies, and their development pipelines with company research focuses, disease targets, development stages, and publication and investment trends. A comprehensive concept map has been created based on the documents in the CAS Content Collection. We hope that this report can serve as a useful resource for understanding the current state of knowledge in the field of ADCs and the remaining challenges to fulfill their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Zhuang W, Zhang W, Wang L, Xie L, Feng J, Zhang B, Hu Y. Generation of a Novel SORT1×HER2 Bispecific Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting HER2-Low-Expression Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16056. [PMID: 38003245 PMCID: PMC10671096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is considered an ideal antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) target because the gene is overexpressed in many tumors compared to normal tissues. Multiple anti-HER2 ADCs conjugated with different toxic payloads bring benefits to patients with high HER2 expression. However, HER2-targeted ADC technology needs further optimization to improve its effect for the treatment of patients with low HER2 expression. We hypothesized that bispecific antibody-drug conjugate (bsADC) targeting HER2 and Sortilin-1 (SORT1) would overcome this limitation. SORT1 is a suitable target for pairing with HER2 to generate a bispecific antibody (BsAb) since the gene is co-expressed with HER2 in tumors and possesses rapid internalization. We developed a BsAb (bsSORT1×HER2) that exhibited strong binding and internalization activity on HER2-low-expression tumor cells and facilitated higher HER2 degradation. The bsSORT1×HER2 was further conjugated with DXd to generate a bsADC (bsSORT1×HER2-DXd) that showed strong cytotoxicity on HER2-low-expression tumor cells and antitumor efficacy in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice model. These results demonstrated that employment of a SORT1×HER2-targeted bsADC may be promising to improve the antitumor efficacy of HER2-targeted ADC for the treatment of tumors with low HER2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Xie
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Feng
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Youjia Hu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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3
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Alasmari MM. A Review of Margetuximab-Based Therapies in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010038. [PMID: 36612034 PMCID: PMC9817862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, with high mortality rates. Targeted drug therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. For example, treatment with human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) antagonists has markedly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive BC (HER2 + BC). However, HER2+ metastatic BC (MBC) remains prevalent owing to its resistance to conventional anti-HER2 drugs. Therefore, novel agents are needed to overcome the limitations of existing cancer treatments and to enhance the progression-free and overall survival rates. Progress has been made by optimizing the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of trastuzumab, an IgG1 monoclonal, chimeric anti-HER2 antibody, to develop margetuximab. The modified Fc domain of margetuximab enhances its binding affinity to CD16A and decreases its binding affinity to CD32B, thereby promoting its antitumor activity. This review summarizes studies on the efficacy of margetuximab, discusses its utility as an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody drug for the treatment of HER2 + BC, and presents the latest advances in the treatment of BC. This review provides insights into the clinical implication of margetuximab in HER2 + MBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moudi M. Alasmari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Yu J, Mu Q, Fung M, Xu X, Zhu L, Ho RJY. Challenges and opportunities in metastatic breast cancer treatments: Nano-drug combinations delivered preferentially to metastatic cells may enhance therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108108. [PMID: 34999182 PMCID: PMC9256851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatments and related 5-year survival outcomes, metastatic breast cancer cures remain elusive. The current standard of care includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy. However, even the most advanced procedures and treatments do not prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. Once metastasis occurs, patient prognosis is poor. Recent elucidation of the spatiotemporal transit of metastatic cancer cells from primary tumor sites to distant sites provide an opportunity to integrate knowledge of drug disposition in our effort to enhance drug localization and exposure in cancer laden tissues . Novel technologies have been developed, but could be further refined to facilitate the distribution of drugs to target cancer cells and tissues. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges in metastatic breast cancer treatment and focus on novel drug combination and nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges. With improved definition of metastatic tissue target, directed localization and retention of multiple, pharmacologically active drugs to tissues and cells of interest may overcome the limitations in breast cancer treatment that may lead to a cure for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Millie Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Linxi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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5
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Ghafouri SR, Guvvala S, Jones C, Philipovskiy A. Recently approved treatment options for patients with metastatic triple-negative and HER2-neu-positive breast cancer. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1329-1341. [PMID: 35705261 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. In 2021, the estimated number of new breast cancer cases was 281 550 and about 43 500 women died from metastatic breast cancer (mBC). For women aged 20-59 years, mBC remains the leading cause of cancer death and is, therefore, an important public health concern. Only 5% of women initially present with metastatic disease. Approximately 20% of patients presenting with local or locoregional disease progress to mBC despite adjuvant therapy. Inspite of all the medicosurgical advancements, the overall prognosis for patients diagnosed with mBC remains poor, with median overall survival of approximately 31 months, although this varies based on tumor biology. In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing immunotargeted therapies such as antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) or check point inhibitors that confirmed to have dramatically improve the prognosis of mBC, a historically unfavorable disease subset. Even with the major progress that has been made in understanding the biology of BC, challenges such as resistance frequency to therapies, unknown efficacy, concerns for safety of drug combination and toxicities still remain high. Therefore, a new targeted and more selective treatment approaches are the need of the hour. In this review, we aim to outline the most recently approved medications in treatment of Her2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Reshad Ghafouri
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Suvarna Guvvala
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Jones
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Subbiah V. Optimizing anti-body drug conjugates and radiopharmaceuticals for precision therapy: The next frontier in precision oncology. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 45:100799. [PMID: 34706831 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to select therapeutic targets for precision oncology has always been a major challenge in oncology. Anti-body drug conjugates (ADC) and radiopharmaceuticals attempt to overcome the major limitations of chemotherapy or mono-clonal antibody therapy as they provide a highly specific means of attacking the vulnerability of the cancer cell. Currently there are over 100 clinical trials in various stages of development with these agents. Years of improved understanding of ADC technology and addressing previous failures have yielded the current pipeline of ADCs with better design. The near future of ADC developmental therapeutics includes firstly continuing to improve drug design, secondly picking right targets, thirdly balancing efficacy vs toxicity, fourth understanding innate and acquired resistance mechanisms, fifth development of ADCs across pan-cancers as tissue-agnostic therapeutics, and lastly combination strategies. There is considerable excitement in the ADC developmental therapeutics and ADCs including radiopharmaceuticals are here to stay and offer to expand our pipeline of effective drugs to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX.
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7
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. Trastuzumab Emtansine: A Review of Its Adjuvant Use in Residual Invasive HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer. Drugs 2021; 80:1723-1730. [PMID: 32996066 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®), an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) connected by a thioether linker to the microtubule inhibitor DM1 (a cytotoxic derivative of maytansine), provides direct intracellular delivery of the potent cytotoxin DM1 to HER2-overexpressing cells, while retaining trastuzumab activity. Its approval in metastatic/advanced breast cancer (BC) has been extended to include single-agent adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early BC in patients with residual invasive disease in the breast and/or lymph nodes after neoadjuvant taxane-based and HER2-targeted treatment. In the pivotal KATHERINE trial in this population, significantly more trastuzumab emtansine than trastuzumab recipients were estimated to be free of invasive disease recurrence at 3 years, with a 50% reduction in the risk of invasive disease recurrence or death. The tolerability of trastuzumab emtansine in early BC was consistent with its known safety profile; as expected, adverse events were more common with trastuzumab emtansine than with trastuzumab. Recently updated international and national treatment guidelines recommend trastuzumab emtansine as a preferred option in this high-risk BC population.
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8
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Perrotti V, Caponio VCA, Mascitti M, Lo Muzio L, Piattelli A, Rubini C, Capone E, Sala G. Therapeutic Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Based Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3126. [PMID: 34206707 PMCID: PMC8269333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver potent cytotoxic agents into tumor tissues. During the last two decades, a plethora of ADCs have been successfully developed and used for several indications, including hematologic and solid tumors. In this work, we systematically reviewed the progress in ADC development for the treatment of HNC. METHODS This review was registered in PROSPERO database. A comprehensive search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database. RESULTS In total, 19 studies were included. Due to the significant heterogeneity of the outcome measures, meta-analysis was not performed, and data were summarized in tables. HNC results are poorly represented in the cohorts of completed clinical trials; published data are mostly focused on safety evaluation rather than efficacy of ADCs. CONCLUSIONS Although several novel agents against a wide range of different antigens were investigated, showing promising results at a preclinical level, most of the targets reported in this review are not specific for HNC; hence, the development of ADCs tailored for the HNC phenotype could open up new therapeutic perspectives. Moreover, the results from the present systematic review call attention to how limited is the application of current clinical trials in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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9
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Li F, Mao C, Yeh S, Sun Y, Xin J, Shi Q, Ming X. MRP1-targeted near infrared photoimmunotherapy for drug resistant small cell lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120760. [PMID: 34077781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the most aggressive cancers, has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, and the clinical therapeutic outcomes of multidrug resistant SCLC are even worse. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), one of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins that cause decreased drug accumulation in cancer cells, is overexpressed in drug resistant SCLC cells and could be a promising target for treating the patients suffering from this illness. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed approach for targeted cancer treatment which uses a conjugate of a monoclonal antibody and photoabosorber IR700 followed by NIR light irradiation to induce rapid cancer cell death. In the present study, an anti-MRP1 antibody (Mab) -IR700 conjugate (Mab-IR700) was synthesized, purified and used to treat chemoresistant SCLC H69AR cells that overexpressed MRP1, while non-MRP1-expressing H69 cells were used as a control. Then, the photokilling and tumor suppression effect were separately evaluated in H69AR cells both in vitro and in vivo. Higher cellular delivery of Mab-IR700 was detected in H69AR cells, whereas there was little uptake of IgG-IR700 in both H69 and H69AR cells. Due to the targeting activity of Mab, stronger photokilling effect was found both in H69AR cells and spheroids treated with Mab-IR700, while superior tumor suppression effect was also observed in the mice treated with Mab-IR700 and light illumination. Photoacoustic imaging results proved that oxygen was involved in NIR-PIT treatment, and TUNEL staining images showed the occurrence of cell apoptosis, which was also testified by HE staining. This research provides MRP1 as a novel target for PIT and presents a prospective way for treating drug resistant SCLC and, thus, should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China; Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA.
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Junbo Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA.
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10
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Baah S, Laws M, Rahman KM. Antibody-Drug Conjugates-A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2943. [PMID: 34063364 PMCID: PMC8156828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a family of targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. ADC development is a rapidly expanding field of research, with over 80 ADCs currently in clinical development and eleven ADCs (nine containing small-molecule payloads and two with biological toxins) approved for use by the FDA. Compared to traditional small-molecule approaches, ADCs offer enhanced targeting of cancer cells along with reduced toxic side effects, making them an attractive prospect in the field of oncology. To this end, this tutorial review aims to serve as a reference material for ADCs and give readers a comprehensive understanding of ADCs; it explores and explains each ADC component (monoclonal antibody, linker moiety and cytotoxic payload) individually, highlights several EMA- and FDA-approved ADCs by way of case studies and offers a brief future perspective on the field of ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (S.B.); (M.L.)
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11
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Saito K, Kaneko R, Kamio T, Kamiyama E, Muto R, Sugihara M. [Pharmacological and clinical study results of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, ENHERTU ®)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:47-51. [PMID: 33390481 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the specific antibody and cytotoxic agent by a linker and represent a promising drug class with a wider therapeutic window than conventional chemotherapeutic agents by substantiating efficient and specific drug delivery to antigen-expressing tumor cells. However, there are rooms for improvement in terms of efficacy, safety, physicochemical property; therefore, the development of promising ADC drugs across multiple indications are eagerly awaited. In 2015, Daiichi Sankyo initiated the first-in-human study of HER2 ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, ENHERTU®) which possesses DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, exatecan derivative and proprietary linker, in Japan. Based on the provocative results in phase 1 study, the global development program has been accelerated to show the high and durable efficacy in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer pretreated with trastuzumab emtansine. As a result, T-DXd was approved based on single arm phase 2 study in the US (Dec 2019) and Japan (March 2020) by leveraging the breakthrough designation and conditional early approval system, respectively, at the first time for the HER2 positive breast cancer. In addition, T-DXd was recently approved in gastric cancer through Sakigake designation in Japan based on a randomized phase 2 study. T-DXd is also being developed in the earlier lines or other indications where no anti-HER2 therapies were approved to date. Combination studies with other agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors are underway. In the near future, we hope that more patients worldwide can enjoy the therapeutic benefits of T-DXd through our continuous efforts to expand its indications.
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12
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Molecular Mechanism of HER2 Rapid Internalization and Redirected Trafficking Induced by Anti-HER2 Biparatopic Antibody. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030049. [PMID: 32961882 PMCID: PMC7551206 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), an ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, have been implicated in human cancer and metastasis. A bispecific tetravalent anti-HER2 antibody (anti-HER2-Bs), targeting two non-overlapping epitopes on HER2 in domain IV (trastuzumab) and domain II (39S), has been reported to induce rapid internalization and efficient degradation of HER2 receptors. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of this antibody-induced rapid HER2 internalization and intracellular trafficking. Using quantitative fluorescent imaging, we compared the internalization kinetics of anti-HER2-Bs and its parental arm antibodies, alone or in combinations and under various internalization-promoting conditions. The results demonstrated that concurrent engagement of both epitopes was necessary for rapid anti-HER2-Bs internalization. Cellular uptake of anti-HER2-Bs and parental arm antibodies occurred via clathrin-dependent endocytosis; however, inside the cells antibodies directed different trafficking pathways. Trastuzumab dissociated from HER2 in 2 h, enabling the receptor to recycle, whereas anti-HER2-Bs stayed associated with the receptor throughout the entire endocytic pathway, promoting receptor ubiquitination, trafficking to the lysosomes, and efficient degradation. Consistent with routing HER2 to degradation, anti-HER2-Bs significantly reduced HER2 shedding and altered its exosomal export. Collectively, these results enable a better understanding of the mechanism of action of anti-Her2-Bs and can guide the rational design of anti-HER2 therapeutics as well as other bispecific molecules.
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13
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Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 20-mer peptide nucleic acid conjugates with testosterone 17β-carboxylic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Ahn SH, Vaughn BA, Solis WA, Lupher ML, Hallam TJ, Boros E. Site-Specific 89Zr- and 111In-Radiolabeling and In Vivo Evaluation of Glycan-free Antibodies by Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition with a Non-natural Amino Acid. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1177-1187. [PMID: 32138509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted therapeutics consisting of a monoclonal antibody coupled to a cytotoxic payload. Various bioconjugation methods for producing site-specific ADCs have been reported recently, in efforts to improve immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetics and minimize batch variance-potential issues associated with first-generation ADCs prepared via stochastic peptide coupling of lysines or reduced cysteines. Recently, cell-free protein synthesis of antibodies incorporating para-azidomethyl phenylalanine (pAMF) at specific locations within the protein sequence has emerged as a means to generate antibody-drug conjugates with strictly defined drug-antibody-ratio, leading to ADCs with markedly improved stability, activity, and specificity. The incorporation of pAMF enables the conjugation of payloads functionalized for strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Here, we introduce two dibenzylcyclooctyne-functionalized bifunctional chelators that enable the incorporation of radioisotopes for positron emission tomography with 89Zr (t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+ = 395 keV (22%), γ = 897 keV) or single photon emission computed tomography with 111In (t1/2 = 67.3 h, γ = 171 keV (91%), 245 keV (94%)) under physiologically compatible conditions. We show that the corresponding radiolabeled conjugates with site-specifically functionalized antibodies targeting HER2 are amenable to targeted molecular imaging of HER2+ expressing tumor xenografts in mice and exhibit a favorable biodistribution profile in comparison with conventional, glycosylated antibody conjugates generated by stochastic bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Brett A Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Willy A Solis
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc. 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark L Lupher
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc. 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Trevor J Hallam
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc. 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
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15
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Tang E, Rowland A, McKinnon RA, Sorich MJ, Hopkins AM. Effect of early adverse events resulting in ado-trastuzumab emtansine dose adjustments on survival outcomes of HER2+ advanced breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:473-477. [PMID: 31399933 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) treatment in HER2+ advanced breast cancer patients is generally well tolerated, but when adverse events occur dose adjustments may be required. This study evaluated the impact of early adverse events requiring T-DM1 dose interruptions or reductions on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in HER2+ advanced metastatic breast cancer patients in the clinical trials EMILIA and TH3RESA. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 893 participants initiated on T-DM1 treatment. A landmark approach set at 4 months was used to evaluate the association between early adverse events requiring T-DM1 dose interruptions or reductions and OS/PFS. Cox proportional hazard analysis modeled the association between events requiring T-DM1 dose interruptions or reductions and OS/PFS. Associations were reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Adverse events requiring T-DM1 dose interruptions or reductions within the first 4 months of treatment were not significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: dose interrupted = 1.15 [0.85-1.55]; dose reduced = 0.75 [0.49-1.14]; P = 0.214) nor PFS (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: dose interrupted = 1.13 [0.87-1.48]; dose reduced = 0.90 [0.62-1.31]; P = 0.534). CONCLUSION The occurrence of early adverse events requiring T-DM1 dose interruptions or reductions do not appear to be associated with altered long-term OS or PFS within a pooled analysis of data from EMILIA and TH3RESA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Tang
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Medical Centre, Room 5D317, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
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16
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Characterization of Ring-Opening Reaction of Succinimide Linkers in ADCs. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Effects of Modulating Actin Dynamics on HER2 Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17243. [PMID: 30467396 PMCID: PMC6250728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of HER2 leads to development of HER2-positive (HER2+) cancers with high rates of metastasis compared to other cancer subtypes. The goal of this study was to probe the vulnerability of HER2+ cancer cells to a filamentous actin (F-actin) severing and capping toxin. The growth and viability of human HER2+ breast cancer (HCC1954) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cell lines were significantly impaired upon treatment with the marine macrolide mycalolide B (Myc B) at doses above 100 nanomolar. Further testing of Myc B in combination with the antibody-drug conjugate Trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) led to improved killing of SKOV3 cells compared to either treatment alone. At sub-lethal doses, treatment of HER2+ cancer cells with Myc B resulted in rapid loss of leading edge protrusions and formation of aggresomes containing F-actin and the actin regulatory protein Cortactin. This correlated with robust inhibition of HER2+ cancer cell motility and invasion with Myc B treatment. In SKOV3 tumor xenograft assays, intratumoral injections of Myc B impaired HER2+ tumor growth and metastasis, with maximal effects observed in combination with systemic delivery of Trastuzumab. Metastasis of SKOV3 cells to the lungs following tail vein injection was also reduced by Myc B. Together, these findings provide rationale for targeting F-actin in combination with existing therapies for HER2+ cancers to reduce metastasis.
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18
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Maurea N, Coppola C, Piscopo G, Galletta F, Riccio G, Esposito E, De Lorenzo C, De Laurentiis M, Spallarossa P, Mercuro G. Pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity from target therapy and angiogenesis inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 17 Suppl 1 Special issue on Cardiotoxicity from Antiblastic Drugs and Cardioprotection:e19-e26. [PMID: 27183521 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progress in cancer therapy and the increase in number of long-term survivors reveal the issue of cardiovascular side-effects of anticancer drugs. Cardiotoxicity has become a significant problem, and the risks of adverse cardiac events induced by systemic drugs need to be seriously considered. Potential cardiovascular toxicities linked to anticancer agents include arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia and infarction, hypertension, thromboembolism, left ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure. It has been shown that several anticancer drugs seriously affect the cardiovascular system, such as ErbB2 inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, multitargeted kinase inhibitors, Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog inhibitors, and others. Each of these agents has a different mechanism through which it affects the cardiovascular system. ErbB2 inhibitors block the ErbB4/ErbB2 heterodimerization pathway triggered by Neuregulin-1, which is essential for cardiomyocyte survival. VEGF signaling is crucial for vascular growth, but it also has a major impact on myocardial function, and the VEGF pathway is also essential for maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Drugs that inhibit the VEGF signaling pathway lead to a net reduction in capillary density and loss of contractile function. Here, we review the mechanisms and pathophysiology of the most significant cardiotoxic effects of ErbB2 inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs. Moreover, we highlight the role of cardioncology in recognizing these toxicities, developing strategies to prevent or minimize cardiovascular toxicity, and reducing long-term cardiotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maurea
- aDivision of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumor 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS bCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.A.R.L cDepartment of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS dDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University 'Federico II' eDepartment of Senology, Division of Breast Oncology Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples fClinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS San Martino IST, Genoa gDepartment of Medical Sciences 'Mario Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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19
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Zhou Q. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation for ADC and Beyond. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040064. [PMID: 29120405 PMCID: PMC5744088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a promising class of antitumor agents with four conjugates being approved by regulatory agencies for treating cancer patients. To improve the conventional conjugations that are currently applied to generate these heterogeneous products, various site-specific approaches have been developed. These methods couple cytotoxins or chemotherapeutic drugs to specifically defined sites in antibody molecules including cysteine, glutamine, unnatural amino acids, short peptide tags, and glycans. The ADCs produced showed high homogeneity, increased therapeutic index, and strong antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, there are recent trends in using these next generation technologies beyond the cytotoxin-conjugated ADC. These site-specific conjugations have been applied for the generation of many different immunoconjugates including bispecific Fab or small molecule–antibody conjugates, immunosuppressive antibodies, and antibody–antibiotic conjugates. Thus, it is likely that additional technologies and related site-specific conjugates will emerge in the near future, with various chemicals or small molecular weight proteins in addition to cytotoxin for better treatment of many challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Protein Engineering, Biologics Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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20
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Yuan ZX, Mo J, Zhao G, Shu G, Fu HL, Zhao W. Targeting Strategies for Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Renal Cancer Cells to Renal Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27891093 PMCID: PMC5103413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common form of urologic tumor that originates from the highly heterogeneous epithelium of renal tubules. Over the last decade, targeting therapies to renal cancer cells have transformed clinical care for RCC. Recently, it was proposed that renal cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from renal carcinomas were responsible for driving tumor growth and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, according to the theory of CSCs; this has provided the rationale for therapies targeting this aggressive cell population. Precise identification of renal CSC populations and the complete cell hierarchy will accurately inform characterization of disease subtypes. This will ultimately contribute to more personalized and targeted therapies. Here, we summarize potential targeting strategies for renal cancer cells and renal CSCs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR), interleukins, CSC marker inhibitors, bone morphogenetic protein-2, antibody drug conjugates, and nanomedicine. In conclusion, targeting therapies for RCC represent new directions for exploration and clinical investigation and they plant a seed of hope for advanced clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Lin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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21
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Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a viable option in targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs in treatment of solid tumors. At the time of writing, only two ADCs have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development. The first generation ADCs suffered from a lack of specificity in amino acid site-conjugations, yielding statistically heterogeneous stoichiometric ratios of drug molecules per antibody molecule. For the second generation ADCs, however, site-specific amino acid conjugation using enzymatic ligation, introduction of unnatural amino acids, and site-specific protein engineering hold promise to alleviate some of the current technical limitations. The rapid progress in technology platforms and antibody engineering has introduced novel linkers, site-specific conjugation chemistry, and new payload candidates that could possibly be exploited in the context of ADCs. A search using the Clinical Trial Database registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ), using the keyword 'antibody drug conjugate', yielded ~270 hits. The main focus of this article is to present a brief overview of the recent developments and current challenges related to ADC development.
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22
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Challita-Eid PM, Satpayev D, Yang P, An Z, Morrison K, Shostak Y, Raitano A, Nadell R, Liu W, Lortie DR, Capo L, Verlinsky A, Leavitt M, Malik F, Aviña H, Guevara CI, Dinh N, Karki S, Anand BS, Pereira DS, Joseph IBJ, Doñate F, Morrison K, Stover DR. Enfortumab Vedotin Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Nectin-4 Is a Highly Potent Therapeutic Agent in Multiple Preclinical Cancer Models. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3003-13. [PMID: 27013195 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of optimal target antigens on tumor cells is central to the advancement of new antibody-based cancer therapies. We performed suppression subtractive hybridization and identified nectin-4 (PVRL4), a type I transmembrane protein and member of a family of related immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules, as a potential target in epithelial cancers. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 2,394 patient specimens from bladder, breast, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, head/neck, and esophageal tumors and found that 69% of all specimens stained positive for nectin-4. Moderate to strong staining was especially observed in 60% of bladder and 53% of breast tumor specimens, whereas the expression of nectin-4 in normal tissue was more limited. We generated a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) enfortumab vedotin comprising the human anti-nectin-4 antibody conjugated to the highly potent microtubule-disrupting agent MMAE. Hybridoma (AGS-22M6E) and CHO (ASG-22CE) versions of enfortumab vedotin (also known as ASG-22ME) ADC were able to bind to cell surface-expressed nectin-4 with high affinity and induced cell death in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of mouse xenograft models of human breast, bladder, pancreatic, and lung cancers with enfortumab vedotin significantly inhibited the growth of all four tumor types and resulted in tumor regression of breast and bladder xenografts. Overall, these findings validate nectin-4 as an attractive therapeutic target in multiple solid tumors and support further clinical development, investigation, and application of nectin-4-targeting ADCs. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3003-13. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Yang
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | - Zili An
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Liu
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dinh
- Agensys Inc., Santa Monica, California
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23
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Vogel RI, Coughlin K, Scotti A, Iizuka Y, Anchoori R, Roden RBS, Marastoni M, Bazzaro M. Simultaneous inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and autophagy synergistically kills breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4159-70. [PMID: 25784654 PMCID: PMC4414179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in the United States. Patients expressing the estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) tumor markers have favorable prognosis and efficacious therapeutic options. In contrast, tumors that are negative for these markers (triple-negative) have a disproportionate share of morbidity and mortality due to lack of a validated molecular target. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a critical component of ubiquitin-proteasome-system degradation and have been shown to be differentially expressed and activated in a number of cancers, including breast, with their aberrant activity linked to cancer prognosis and clinical outcome. We evaluated the effect of the DUB inhibitors b-AP15 and RA-9 alone and in combination with early- and late-stage lysosomal inhibitors on cell viability in a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Our results indicate small-molecule DUB inhibitors have a profound effect on TNBC viability and lead to activation of autophagy as a cellular mechanism to compensate for ubiquitin-proteasome-system stress. Treatment with sub-optimal doses of DUB and lysosome inhibitors synergistically kills TNBC cells. This supports the evaluation of DUB inhibition, in combination with lysosomal inhibition, as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Coughlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessandra Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravi Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Peptide-Based Treatment: A Promising Cancer Therapy. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:761820. [PMID: 26568964 PMCID: PMC4629048 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new therapies are currently being used to treat cancer. Among these new methods, chemotherapy based on peptides has been of great interest due to the unique advantages of peptides, such as a low molecular weight, the ability to specifically target tumor cells, and low toxicity in normal tissues. In treating cancer, peptide-based chemotherapy can be mainly divided into three types, peptide-alone therapy, peptide vaccines, and peptide-conjugated nanomaterials. Peptide-alone therapy may specifically enhance the immune system's response to kill tumor cells. Peptide-based vaccines have been used in advanced cancers to improve patients' overall survival. Additionally, the combination of peptides with nanomaterials expands the therapeutic ability of peptides to treat cancer by enhancing drug delivery and sensitivity. In this review, we mainly focus on the new advances in the application of peptides in treating cancer in recent years, including diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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25
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Rochette L, Guenancia C, Gudjoncik A, Hachet O, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Anthracyclines/trastuzumab: new aspects of cardiotoxicity and molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:326-48. [PMID: 25895646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs continue to cause significant reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction resulting in congestive heart failure. The best-known cardiotoxic agents are anthracyclines (ANTHs) such as doxorubicin (DOX). For several decades cardiotoxicity was almost exclusively associated with ANTHs, for which cumulative dose-related cardiac damage was the use-limiting step. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2) has been identified as an important target for breast cancer. Trastuzumab (TRZ), a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, is currently recommended as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic HER2(+) tumors. The use of TRZ may be limited by the development of drug intolerance, such as cardiac dysfunction. Cardiotoxicity has been attributed to free-iron-based, radical-induced oxidative stress. Many approaches have been promoted to minimize these serious side effects, but they are still clinically problematic. A new approach to personalized medicine for cancer that involves molecular screening for clinically relevant genomic alterations and genotype-targeted treatments is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France.
| | - Charles Guenancia
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Gudjoncik
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Hachet
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
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