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Zhang F, Yu Q, Wu C, Sun S, Wang Y, Wang R, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xiong X, Awadasseid A, Rao G, Zhao X, Zhang W. Design, synthesis, anti-tumor activity and mechanism of novel PROTACs as degraders of PD-L1 and inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 111:117867. [PMID: 39121678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, antibody drugs targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have achieved promising results in cancer treatment, while the development of small-molecule drugs lags behind. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of PD-L1-degrading agents based on the PROTAC design principle, utilizing the PD-L1 inhibitor A56. Through systematic screening of ligands and linkers and investigating the structure-activity relationship of the degraders, we identified two highly active compounds, 9i and 9j. These compounds enhance levels of CD4+, CD8+, granzyme B, and perforin, demonstrating significant in vivo antitumor effects with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of up to 57.35 %. Both compounds facilitate the internalization of PD-L1 from the cell surface and promote its degradation through proteasomal and lysosomal pathways, while also maintaining inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. In summary, our findings provide a novel strategy and mechanism for developing biphenyl-based PROTAC antitumor drugs targeting and degrading PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Qimeng Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Shishi Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Zejie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Xuqiong Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Moganshan Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313200, China
| | - Guowu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313299, China; Zhejiang Jieyuan Med-Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311113, China.
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Andersen MB, Drljevic-Nielsen A, Ehlers JH, Thorup KS, Baandrup AO, Palne M, Rasmussen F. DCE-CT parameters as new functional imaging biomarkers at baseline and during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with lung cancer - a feasibility study. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 39135095 PMCID: PMC11320886 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the need for new functional imaging techniques and early response assessments has increased to account for new response patterns and the high cost of treatment. The present study was designed to assess the prognostic impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) on survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. METHODS Thirty-three patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were prospectively enrolled for DCE-CT as part of their follow-up. A single target lesion at baseline and subsequent follow-up examinations were enclosed in the DCE-CT. Blood volume deconvolution (BVdecon), blood flow deconvolution (BFdecon), blood flow maximum slope (BFMax slope) and permeability were assessed using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as endpoints in Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS High baseline Blood Volume (BVdecon) (> 12.97 ml × 100 g-1) was associated with a favorable OS (26.7 vs 7.9 months; p = 0.050) and PFS (14.6 vs 2.5 months; p = 0.050). At early follow-up on day seven a higher relative increase in BFdecon (> 24.50% for OS and > 12.04% for PFS) was associated with an unfavorable OS (8.7 months vs 23.1 months; p < 0.025) and PFS (2.5 vs 13.7 months; p < 0.018). The relative change in BFdecon (categorical) on day seven was a predictor of OS (HR 0.26, CI95: 0.06 to 0.93 p = 0.039) and PFS (HR 0.27, CI95: 0.09 to 0.85 p = 0.026). CONCLUSION DCE-CT-identified parameters may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers at baseline and during early treatment in patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brun Andersen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
- Department of Radiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
- Radiology Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Department of clinical medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | - Majbritt Palne
- Department of Radiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
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Mu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Ma L, Wang DA. Applications of nanotechnology in remodeling the tumour microenvironment for glioblastoma treatment. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4045-4064. [PMID: 38993162 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing research and deepening understanding of the glioblastoma (GBM) tumour microenvironment (TME), novel and more effective therapeutic strategies have been proposed. The GBM TME involves intricate interactions between tumour and non-tumour cells, promoting tumour progression. Key therapeutic goals for GBM treatment include improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumours, and inhibiting tumour growth and proliferation. Consequently, remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery enables targeted delivery, thereby improving treatment specificity, facilitating combination therapies, and optimizing drug metabolism. This review provides an overview of the GBM TME and discusses the methods of remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology. Specifically, it explores the application of nanotechnology in ameliorating immune cell immunosuppression, inducing immunogenic cell death, stimulating, and recruiting immune cells, regulating tumour metabolism, and modulating the crosstalk between tumours and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Huiqun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
- Centre for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, InnoHK, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Zanelli M, Fragliasso V, Parente P, Bisagni A, Sanguedolce F, Zizzo M, Broggi G, Ricci S, Palicelli A, Foroni M, Gozzi F, Gentile P, Morini A, Koufopoulos N, Caltabiano R, Cimino L, Fabozzi M, Cavazza A, Neri A, Ascani S. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Lymphomas: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6447. [PMID: 38928153 PMCID: PMC11203507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes with its ligands Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand 2 (PD-L2) on tumor cells and/or tumor-associated macrophages results in inhibitory signals to the T-cell receptor pathway, consequently causing tumor immune escape. PD-L1/PD-L2 are currently used as predictive tissue biomarkers in clinical practice. Virtually PD-L1 levels expressed by tumor cells are associated with a good response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. These therapies restore T-cell antitumor immune response by releasing T-lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of tumor cells. Immune checkpoint therapies have completely changed the management of patients with solid cancers. This therapeutic strategy is less used in hematological malignancies, although good results have been achieved in some settings, such as refractory/relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Variable results have been obtained in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry represents the main technique for assessing PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. This review aims to describe the current knowledge of PD-L1 expression in various types of lymphomas, focusing on the principal mechanisms underlying PD-L1 overexpression, its prognostic significance and practical issues concerning the evaluation of PD-L1 immunohistochemical results in lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Stefano Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Moira Foroni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Gozzi
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.G.); (P.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.G.); (P.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Morini
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Nektarios Koufopoulos
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Luca Cimino
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (F.G.); (P.G.); (L.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fabozzi
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
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Neairat T, Al-Gawati M, Tul Ain Q, Assaifan AK, Alshamsan A, Alarifi A, Alodhayb AN, Alzahrani KE, Albrithen H. Development of a microcantilever-based biosensor for detecting Programmed Death Ligand 1. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102051. [PMID: 38812944 PMCID: PMC11134855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing global concern of cancer worldwide necessitates the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The majority of recent detection strategies involve the employment of biomarkers. A critical biomarker for cancer immunotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis is Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is a key immune checkpoint protein. PD-L1 can be particularly linked to cancer progression and therapy response. Current detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), face limitations like high cost, time consumption, and complexity. This study introduces a microcantilever-based biosensor designed for the detection of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), which has a specific association with PD-L1. The biosensor utilizes anti-PD-L1 as the sensing layer, capitalizing on the specific binding affinity between anti-PD-L1 and sPD-L1. The presence of the sensing layer was confirmed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. Binding between sPD-L1 and anti-PD-L1 induces a shift in the microcantilever's resonance frequency, which is proportional to the PD-L1 concentration. Notably, the resonance frequency shift demonstrates a robust linear relationship with the increasing biomarker concentration, ranging from 0.05 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml. The detection limit of the biosensor was determined to be approximately 10 pg/ml. The biosensor demonstrates excellent performance in detecting PD-L1 with high specificity even in complex biological matrices. This innovative approach not only provides a promising tool for early cancer diagnosis but also holds potential for monitoring immunotherapy efficacy, paving the way for personalized and effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajweed Neairat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Gawati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qura Tul Ain
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Khawajabad, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz K. Assaifan
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Alzahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Kim J, Donnelly DJ, Tran T, Pena A, Shorts AO, Petrone TV, Zhang Y, Boy KM, Scola PM, Tenney DJ, Poss MA, Soars MG, Bonacorsi SJ, Cole EL, Grootendorst DJ, Chow PL, Meanwell NA, Du S. Development, Characterization, and Radiation Dosimetry Studies of 18F-BMS-986229, a 18F-Labeled PD-L1 Macrocyclic Peptide PET Tracer. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:301-309. [PMID: 38123744 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In cancer immunotherapy, the blockade of the interaction between programmed death-1 and its ligand (PD-1:PD-L1) has proven to be one of the most promising strategies. However, as mechanisms of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition include variability in tumor cell PD-L1 expression in addition to standard tumor biopsy PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC), a comprehensive and quantitative approach for measuring PD-L1 expression is required. Herein, we report the development and characterization of an 18F-PD-L1-binding macrocyclic peptide as a PET tracer for the comprehensive evaluation of tumor PD-L1 expression in cancer patients. PROCEDURES 18F-BMS-986229 was characterized for PD-L1 expression assessment by autoradiography or PET imaging. 18F-BMS-986229 was utilized to evaluate tumor PD-L1 target engagement in competition with a macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of PD-L1 (BMS-986189) over a range of doses using PET imaging. A whole-body radiation dosimetry study of 18F-BMS-986229 in healthy non-human primates (NHPs) was performed. RESULTS In vitro autoradiography showed an 8:1 binding ratio in L2987(PD-L1 +) vs. HT-29 (PD-L1-) tumors, more than 90% of which could be blocked with 1 nM of BMS-986189. Ex vivo autoradiography showed that 18F-BMS-986229 detection was penetrant over a series of sections spanning the entire L2987 tumor. In vivo PET imaging in mice demonstrated a 5:1 tracer uptake ratio (at 90-100 min after tracer administration) in L2987 vs. HT-29 tumors and demonstrated 83%-93% specific binding of BMS-986189 within those dose ranges. In a healthy NHP dosimetry study, the resultant whole-body effective dose was 0.025 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION 18F-BMS-986229 has been preclinically characterized and exhibits high target specificity, low background uptake, and a short blood half-life supportive of same day imaging in the clinic. As the PET tracer, 18F-BMS-986229 shows promise in the quantification of PD-L1 expression, and its use in monitoring longitudinal changes in patients may provide insights into PD-1:PD-L1 immuno-therapy treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Kim
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA.
| | - David J Donnelly
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Tritin Tran
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Adrienne Pena
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Andrea Olga Shorts
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Thomas V Petrone
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Kenneth M Boy
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Paul M Scola
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Daniel J Tenney
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Michael A Poss
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Matthew G Soars
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Erin L Cole
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Diederik J Grootendorst
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Patrick L Chow
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Shuyan Du
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
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7
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Yang CF, Yu YT, Wang SH, Chen YP, Chen TY, Hsu CY, Medeiros LJ, Chang KC. Frequent expression of PD-L1 in BLS-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: implications for aggressiveness and immunotherapy. Pathology 2024; 56:367-373. [PMID: 38290893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BLS-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) denotes an uncommon, aggressive variant of DLBCL presenting initially in bone marrow, liver and spleen without lymphadenopathy or mass lesion. Patients with BLS-type DLBCL present frequently with haemophagocytic syndrome which often leads to early patient demise. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a negative regulatory role on effector T cells and is an important target of immunotherapy. Assessment of PD-L1 expression in BLS-type DLBCL may carry therapeutic implications and provide mechanistic insights. Standard immunohistochemical analysis for PD-L1 was performed in seven cohorts for this study: (1) DLBCL-not otherwise specified (NOS) (n=201); (2) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL (n=26); (3) thymic (primary mediastinal) DLBCL (n=12); (4) intravascular LBCL (n=3); (5) high-grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS (n=12); (6) BLS-type DLBCL (n=37); and (7) systemic DLBCL involving bone marrow (n=28). We found that PD-L1 was positive in 12.9% of DLBCL-NOS cases, 46.2% of EBV-positive DLBCL, 91.7% of thymic LBCL, none of intravascular LBCL, 8.3% of high-grade B-cell lymphoma-NOS, and 56.8% of BLS-type DLBCL. By comparison, only 14.3% of bone marrow cases involved by systemic DLBCL were positive for PD-L1 (p<0.001). Interestingly, BLS-type DLBCL more frequently showed activated B-cell phenotype (86.5% vs 65.2%, p=0.010), a high Ki-67 proliferative index (97.1% vs 63.3%, p<0.001), MYC overexpression (90.9% vs 56.2%, p=0.023), presence of haemophagocytic syndrome (86.5% vs 4.0%, p<0.001), and poorer overall survival (p<0.001) than DLBCL-NOS. These data suggest that the poor prognosis of BLS-type DLBCL may be explained by both extrinsic tumour microenvironment factors and intrinsic genetic factors of tumour cells, such as PD-L1-associated inactivation of anti-tumour immunity for the former, and MYC pathway activation-related aggressiveness for the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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8
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Chrabańska M, Szweda-Gandor N, Rynkiewicz M, Hraboš D, Drozdzowska B. Association between PD-L1 Expression and the Prognosis and Clinicopathologic Features of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3916. [PMID: 38612724 PMCID: PMC11011264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is one of the two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ligands and a part of an immune checkpoint system (PD-1/PD-L1) with widespread clinical application. The aim of this study was to investigate PD-L1 expression and its association with clinicopathological and prognostic significance in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC) patients. A total of 41 papillary (pRCC) and 20 chromophobe (chRCC) RCC tumors were examined for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in the cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMCs). PD-L1 positivity was detected in 36.6% pRCC and 85.0% chRCC cancer cells, while PD-L1 positivity was observed in 73.2% pRCC and 50.0% chRCC TIMCs. PD-L1 positivity in both pRCC and chRCC tumor cells was not correlated with any of the examined clinicopathological features, while PD-L1 positivity in TIMCs was associated with the age of patients with pRCC. During follow-up, the death was documented among 6 patients with pRCC. Papillary RCC patients with PD-L1-positive tumor cells were significantly associated with an increased risk of death compared with patients with PD-L1-negative cancer cells. A similar trend was observed when comparing PD-L1 expression in TIMCs. However, no differences in overall survival for PD-L1-positive pRCC patients with compared to PD-L1-negative patients were observed in tumor cells or TIMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chrabańska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Nikola Szweda-Gandor
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rynkiewicz
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominik Hraboš
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bogna Drozdzowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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9
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Gyulai M, Megyesfalvi Z, Reiniger L, Harko T, Ferencz B, Karsko L, Agocs L, Fillinger J, Dome B, Szallasi Z, Moldvay J. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in rare lung tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611164. [PMID: 37274772 PMCID: PMC10232779 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Our knowledge is still limited about the characteristics and treatment of rare lung tumors. The aim of our study was to determine programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression in rare pulmonary tumors to assess the potential role of immunotherapy. Methods: 66 pathologically confirmed rare lung tumors including 26 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs), 27 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and 13 tracheobronchial papillomas (TBPs) were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), and PD-1 expression on ICs were determined. The cut off value for positive immunostaining was set at 1% for all markers. Results: PD-L1 expression on TCs was observed in two cases of MEC (7.7%), one case of ACC (3.7%), and was absent in TBP samples. PD-L1 expression on ICs could be demonstrated in nine cases of MEC (34.6%), four cases of ACC (14.8%), and was absent in TBPs. All PD-L1 TC positive tumors were also PD-L1 IC positive. Higher expression level than 5% of PD-L1 TC and/or IC was observed only in one ACC and in two MEC patients. Among them, strong PD-L1 immunopositivity of >50% on TCs and of >10% on ICs could be demonstrated in one MEC sample. PD-L1 expression of ≥1% on ICs was significantly more common in MEC, than in TBP (p < 0.001). In MEC ≥1% PD-L1 TC or IC expressions were significantly more common in patients aged 55 or older, than in younger patients (p = 0.046, and p = 0.01, respectively). PD-1 expression on ICs was found in five cases of MEC (19.2%), four cases of ACC (14.8%), and in two cases of TBP (15.4%). Only one MEC case showed a higher than 5% expression level of PD-1 on ICs. Conclusion: This retrospective study comprehensively demonstrated the rare expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in pulmonary MEC, ACC, and TBP. However, we found very strong PD-L1 immunopositivity on both TCs and ICs in one MEC sample, which warrants further investigations in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Gyulai
- County Institute of Pulmonology, Torokbalint, Hungary
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tunde Harko
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ferencz
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Karsko
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Agocs
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Fillinger
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Judit Moldvay
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Chelerythrine, a novel small molecule targeting IL-2, inhibits melanoma progression by blocking the interaction between IL-2 and its receptor. Life Sci 2023; 320:121559. [PMID: 36893941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigated the inhibition of IL-2 activity and anticancer efficacy of chelerythrine (CHE), a natural small molecule that targets IL-2 and inhibits CD25 binding, and elucidated the mechanism underlying the action of CHE on immune cells. MAIN METHODS CHE was discovered by competitive binding ELISA and SPR analysis. The effect of CHE on IL-2 activity was evaluated in CTLL-2, HEK-Blue reporter and immune cells, and in ex vivo generation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). The antitumor activity of CHE was evaluated in B16F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 or BALB/c nude mice. KEY FINDINGS We identified that CHE, which acts as an IL-2 inhibitor, selectively inhibits the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2Rα and directly binds to IL-2. CHE inhibited the proliferation and signaling of CTLL-2 cells and suppressed IL-2 activity in HEK-Blue reporter and immune cells. CHE prevented the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to IL-2. CHE reduced tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice but not in T-cell-deficient mice, upregulated the expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxic molecules, and limited Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, the combination of CHE and a PD-1 inhibitor synergistically increased antitumor activity in melanoma-bearing mice and almost completely regressed the implanted tumors. SIGNIFICANCE We found that CHE, which targets IL-2 and inhibits its binding to CD25, exhibits T cell-mediated antitumor activity and that combination therapy with CHE and PD-1 inhibitor induced synergistic antitumor effects, suggesting that CHE may be a promising anticancer agent for melanoma monotherapy and combination therapy.
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11
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Shi Y, Mi L, Lai Y, Zhao M, Jia L, Du T, Song Y, Li X. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay optimization to provide more comprehensive pathological information in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Hematop 2023; 16:7-16. [PMID: 38175373 PMCID: PMC10766715 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-023-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PD-L1 can be a predictive marker for anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL); however, harmonization of different IHC assays remains to be accomplished, and interpretations of PD-L1 immunostaining results remain controversial in CHL. In this study, we sought to optimize the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in CHL. All tests were performed on a tumour tissue microarray established from 54 CHL cases. Three IHC antibodies (405.9A11, SP142, 22C3) for detecting PD-L1 expression were compared semi quantitatively with the RNAscope assay (No. 310035, ACD), and the difference in the expression in background immune cells (ICs) between assays and the associations of expression levels with densities of TILs/TAMs were also analysed. 405.9A11 demonstrated best specificity in HRS cells and best sensitivity in ICs. Positive expression of PD-L1 was more frequent in ICs (85.2%) than in HRS cells (48.1%). Different subgroups of background ICs, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), were assessed and scored for CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD163 expression. PD-L1 expression on ICs was the factor most associated with the density of TAMs. 405.9A11 provided the most convincing PD-L1 expression results. Pathologists should report PD-L1 expression in a combined manner, including both the status of HRS cells and the percentage of PD-L1-positive ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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12
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Jung M, Rose M, Knuechel R, Loeffler C, Muti H, Kather JN, Gaisa NT. Characterisation of tumour-immune phenotypes and PD-L1 positivity in squamous bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:113. [PMID: 36726072 PMCID: PMC9890720 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become a viable treatment strategy in bladder cancer. However, treatment responses vary, and improved biomarkers are needed. Crucially, the characteristics of immune cells remain understudied especially in squamous differentiated bladder cancer (sq-BLCA). Here, we quantitatively analysed the tumour-immune phenotypes of sq-BLCA and correlated them with PD-L1 expression and FGFR3 mutation status. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMA) of n = 68 non-schistosomiasis associated pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and n = 46 mixed urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (MIX) were subjected to immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD68, CD79A, CD163, Ki67, perforin and chloroacetate esterase staining. Quantitative image evaluation was performed via digital image analysis. RESULTS Immune infiltration was generally higher in stroma than in tumour regions. B-cells (CD79A) were almost exclusively found in stromal areas (sTILs), T-lymphocytes and macrophages were also present in tumour cell areas (iTILs), while natural killer cells (CD56) were nearly missing in any area. Tumour-immune phenotype distribution differed depending on the immune cell subset, however, hot tumour-immune phenotypes (high density of immune cells in tumour areas) were frequently found for CD8 + T-cells (33%), especially perforin + lymphocytes (52.2%), and CD68 + macrophages (37.6%). Perforin + CD8 lymphocytes predicted improved overall survival in sq-BLCA while high PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 10) was significantly associated with higher CD3 + , CD8 + and CD163 + immune cell density and high Ki67 (density) of tumour cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression was positively associated with CD3 + /CD4 + , CD3 + /CD8 + and CD68 + /CD163 + hot tumour-immune phenotypes. FGFR3 mutation status was inversely associated with CD8 + , perforin + and CD79A + lymphocyte density. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based image analysis is an efficient tool to analyse immune topographies in squamous bladder cancer. Hot tumour-immune phenotypes with strong PD-L1 expression might pose a promising subgroup for clinically successful ICI therapy in squamous bladder cancer and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Jung
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knuechel
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Chiara Loeffler
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah Muti
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
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13
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Gao L, Jiang W, Yue Q, Ye R, Li Y, Hong J, Zhang M. Radiomic model to predict the expression of PD-1 and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Pawłowska A, Skiba W, Suszczyk D, Kuryło W, Jakubowicz-Gil J, Paduch R, Wertel I. The Dual Blockade of the TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway as a New Hope for Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5757. [PMID: 36497240 PMCID: PMC9740841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for ovarian cancer (OC) patients is poor and the five-year survival rate is only 47%. Immune checkpoints (ICPs) appear to be the potential targets in up-and-coming OC treatment. However, the response of OC patients to immunotherapy based on programmed cell death pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors totals only 6-15%. The promising approach is a combined therapy, including other ICPs such as the T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain/CD155/DNAX accessory molecule-1 (TIGIT/CD155/DNAM-1) axis. Preclinical studies in a murine model of colorectal cancer showed that the dual blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and TIGIT led to remission in the whole studied group vs. the regression of the tumors with the blockade of a single pathway. The approach stimulates the effector activity of T cells and NK cells, and redirects the immune system activity against the tumor. The understanding of the synergistic action of the TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is, however, poor. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the mode of action of the dual TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and its potential benefits for OC patients. Considering the positive impact of this combined therapy in malignancies, including lung and colorectal cancer, it appears to be a promising approach in OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawłowska
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Skiba
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Kuryło
- Students’ Scientific Association, Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Mulgaonkar A, Elias R, Woolford L, Guan B, Nham K, Kapur P, Christie A, Tcheuyap VT, Singla N, Bowman IA, Stevens C, Hao G, Brugarolas J, Sun X. ImmunoPET Imaging with 89Zr-Labeled Atezolizumab Enables In Vivo Evaluation of PD-L1 in Tumorgraft Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4907-4916. [PMID: 36074149 PMCID: PMC9669181 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) have transformed the treatment paradigm for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, response rates to ICIs as single agents or in combination vary widely and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Possibly related to the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of PD-L1 expression, tissue-based methods have shown limited value. Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) may enable noninvasive, comprehensive, and real-time PD-L1 detection. Herein, we systematically examined the performance of immunoPET for PD-L1 detection relative to IHC in an RCC patient-derived tumorgraft (TG) platform. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight independent RCC TGs with a wide range of PD-L1 expression (0%-85%) were evaluated by immunoPET. Uptake of 89Zr-labeled atezolizumab ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ) was compared with PD-L1 expression in tumors by IHC through double-blind analyses. Clinical outcomes of ICI-treated patients whose TGs were examined were analyzed to evaluate the clinical role of immunoPET in RCC. RESULTS ImmunoPET with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ (day 6/7 postinjection) revealed a statistically significant association with PD-L1 IHC assays (P = 0.0014; correlation ρXY = 0.78). Furthermore, immunoPET can be used to assess the heterogeneous distribution of PD-L1 expression. Finally, studies in the corresponding patients (n = 4) suggest that PD-L1 signal may influence ICI responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS ImmunoPET with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ may enable a thorough and dynamic assessment of PD-L1 across sites of disease. The power of immunoPET to predict ICI response in RCC is being explored in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04006522).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roy Elias
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Layton Woolford
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kien Nham
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alana Christie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vanina T. Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - I. Alex Bowman
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina Stevens
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and MDR1 in breast tumors: association with clinico-pathological parameters and treatment outcome. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00852-x. [PMID: 35810258 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor immune evasion is a hallmark for the development and progression of cancer. Tumor cells adopt various mechanisms to escape the host immune system recognition. One such mechanism is the over expression of programmed death ligand (PD-L1), a negative T cell regulatory molecule. Because PD-L1 overexpression causes resistance to chemotherapeutic response in many cancers, herein we explored the relationship between PD-L1 and multidrug resistance protein MDR1 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-L1 and MDR1 proteins in 194 breast cancer tissue samples were carried out. The relationship between PD-L1 and MDR1 expression on cancer cells with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was investigated. IHC showed a significant correlation between PD-L1 and MDR1 expression on tumor cells. Increased PD-L1 expression was also associated with lymph node status and tumor grade of the patient. Our results also revealed that the expression of PD-L1 and MDR1 was higher in TNBC subtype compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism through which PD-1/PD-L1 pathway contribute to the chemoresistance might bring forth the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and selection of patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
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Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Outcome of PD-L1 Negative and MSS Advanced Cancer Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6743126. [PMID: 35707390 PMCID: PMC9192216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6743126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have emerged as predictive biomarkers for responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in several cancer types. However, for patients with negative PD-L1 expression, or microsatellite stability (MSS), some cases may experience favorable response to immunotherapy, and there is currently a lack of good relevant predictors. We tried to introduce several peripheral blood markers for predicting treatment outcome and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in PD-L1 negative and MSS patients. Methods A retrospective study of 142 PD-L1 negative and MSS patients was carried out. The association of peripheral blood markers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and other factors with clinicopathological characters and prognosis were assessed by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Lower level of PNI and poor performance status (ECOG score of 2) was correlated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and worse outcome of ICIs. The multivariate analysis revealed that PNI (for OS HR = 0.465, 95% CI: 0.236-0.916, p = 0.027; for PFS HR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.251-0.936, p = 0.031) and ECOG score (for OS HR = 4.601, 95% CI: 2.676-7.910, p < 0.001; for PFS HR = 2.830, 95% CI: 1.707-4.691, p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. NLR was related to the onset of irAEs. Conclusions Pretreatment level of PNI and NLR, beyond PD-L1 expression and MSS, can improve the predictive accuracy for immunotherapy outcomes and has the potential to expand the candidate pool of patients for treatment with ICIs.
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Dyugay IA, Lukyanov DK, Turchaninova MA, Serebrovskaya EO, Bryushkova EA, Zaretsky AR, Khalmurzaev O, Matveev VB, Shugay M, Shelyakin PV, Chudakov DM. Accounting for B-cell Behavior and Sampling Bias Predicts Anti-PD-L1 Response in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:343-353. [PMID: 35013004 PMCID: PMC9381118 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is predominantly based on T cell-centric approaches. At the same time, the adaptive immune response in the tumor environment also includes clonally produced immunoglobulins and clonal effector/memory B cells that participate in antigen-specific decisions through their interactions with T cells. Here, we investigated the role of infiltrating B cells in bladder cancer via patient dataset analysis of intratumoral immunoglobulin repertoires. We showed that the IgG1/IgA ratio is a prognostic indicator for several subtypes of bladder cancer and for the whole IMVigor210 anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy study cohort. A high IgG1/IgA ratio associated with the prominence of a cytotoxic gene signature, T-cell receptor signaling, and IL21-mediated signaling. Immunoglobulin repertoire analysis indicated that effector B-cell function, rather than clonally produced antibodies, was involved in antitumor responses. From the T-cell side, we normalized a cytotoxic signature against the extent of immune cell infiltration to neutralize the artificial sampling-based variability in immune gene expression. Resulting metrics reflected proportion of cytotoxic cells among tumor-infiltrating immune cells and improved prediction of anti-PD-L1 responses. At the same time, the IgG1/IgA ratio remained an independent prognostic factor. Integration of the B-cell, natural killer cell, and T-cell signatures allowed for the most accurate prediction of anti-PD-L1 therapy responses. On the basis of these findings, we developed a predictor called PRedIctive MolecUlar Signature (PRIMUS), which outperformed PD-L1 expression scores and known gene signatures. Overall, PRIMUS allows for reliable identification of responders among patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, including the subcohort with the low-infiltrated "desert" tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Dyugay
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil K. Lukyanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Turchaninova
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Serebrovskaya
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Bryushkova
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oybek Khalmurzaev
- Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod B. Matveev
- Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Shelyakin
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M. Chudakov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Corresponding Author: Dmitriy M. Chudakov, Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. Phone: 7 (495) 335-01-00; E-mail:
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In vitro characterization of a small molecule PD-1 inhibitor that targets the PD-l/PD-L1 interaction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:303. [PMID: 34996924 PMCID: PMC8741796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represents a crucial breakthrough in anticancer therapy, but mAbs are limited by their poor oral bioavailability, adverse events in multiple organ systems, and primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance, amongst other issues. More recently, the advent of small molecule inhibitors that target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown promising cellular inhibitory activity and the potential to counteract the disadvantages of mAbs. In this study, structure-based virtual screening identified small molecule inhibitors that effectively inhibited the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Six of those small molecule inhibitors were applied to cell-based experiments targeting PD-1: CH-1, CH-2, CH-3, CH-4, CH-5, and CH-6. Of all 6, CH-4 displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and strongest inhibitory activity towards the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. The experiments revealed that CH-4 inhibited the interaction of soluble form PD-L1 (sPD-L1) with PD-1 surface protein expressed by KG-1 cells. Investigations into CH-4 analogs revealed that CH-4.7 effectively blocked the PD-1/sPD-L1 interaction, but sustained the secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ by Jurkat cells. Our experiments revealed a novel small molecule inhibitor that blocks the interaction of PD-1/sPD-L1 and potentially offers an alternative PD-1 target for immune checkpoint therapy.
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20
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Programmed death ligand 2 expression plays a limited role in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after preoperative chemotherapy. Eur Surg 2021; 53:287-293. [PMID: 34868284 PMCID: PMC8616873 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-021-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) are unknown and little is known about how the tumor microenvironment changes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (AEG). Recently, a number of studies reported that cytotoxic chemotherapy affects the expression levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1). Regarding PD-L2, the second known ligand of PD‑1, no data on potential changes in expression patterns in patients with preoperatively treated AEG are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy on PD-L2 expression in patients with resectable AEG. Methods Consecutive patients with locally advanced AEG treated with preoperative cytotoxic chemotherapy were included. PD-L2 expression by cancer cells (CCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was investigated in samples of paired diagnostic biopsies and resected tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry using two different anti-PD-L2 antibodies. Results Included were 40 patients with AEG and available paired tumor tissue samples. PD-L2 expression was observed in one diagnostic biopsy sample by CCs and in one diagnostic biopsy sample by TILs. There was no difference concerning the expression levels measured by the two antibodies. Conclusion In contrast to previously published studies reporting PD-L2 expression rates of up to 50% in AEGs, in our cohort, PD-L2 expression seems to play no significant role in AEG.
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21
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Pawłowska A, Kwiatkowska A, Suszczyk D, Chudzik A, Tarkowski R, Barczyński B, Kotarski J, Wertel I. Clinical and Prognostic Value of Antigen-Presenting Cells with PD-L1/PD-L2 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11563. [PMID: 34768993 PMCID: PMC8583913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest literature demonstrates the predominant role of the programmed cell death axis (PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2) in ovarian cancer (OC) pathogenesis. However, data concerning this issue is ambiguous. Our research aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in OC environments. We evaluated the role of PD-L1/PD-L2 in OC patients (n = 53). The analysis was performed via flow cytometry on myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and monocytes/macrophages (MO/MA) in peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid (PF), and tumor tissue (TT). The data were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of OC patients. The concentration of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and PD-1 in the plasma and PF were determined by ELISA. We established an accumulation of PD-L1+/PD-L2+ mDCs, pDCs, and MA in the tumor microenvironment. We showed an elevated level of sPD-L1 in the PF of OC patients in comparison to plasma and healthy subjects. sPD-L1 levels in PF showed a positive relationship with Ca125 concentration. Moreover, we established an association between higher sPD-L1 levels in PF and shorter survival of OC patients. An accumulation of PD-L1+/PD-L2+ mDCs, pDCs, and MA in the TT and high sPD-L1 levels in PF could represent the hallmark of immune regulation in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawłowska
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (D.S.); (A.C.); (I.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatkowska
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (D.S.); (A.C.); (I.W.)
| | - Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (D.S.); (A.C.); (I.W.)
| | - Agata Chudzik
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (D.S.); (A.C.); (I.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kotarski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (D.S.); (A.C.); (I.W.)
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22
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Jomrich G, Kollmann D, Ramazanova D, Ristl R, Grose RP, Ilhan-Mutlu A, Preusser M, Fassnacht C, Tsai YC, Guenova E, Schoppmann SF. Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction change significantly after neoadjuvant treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:383-390. [PMID: 34404561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in cancer cells and peritumoral cells are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction. METHODS PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in paired diagnostic biopsies and surgical specimens from patients with pretreated and curatively resected adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Paired tumor samples were available from 40 patients. PD-1 expression in cancer cells (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) increased significantly after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in PD-L1 expression in cancer cells (p = 0.003) after neoadjuvant therapy was observed. CONCLUSION In this study we could show that tumor-cell expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly altered in patients with adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on these observations, patients might profit from the combined use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and the blockade of the PD-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Jomrich
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dariga Ramazanova
- Section for Medical Statistics (IMS), Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics (IMS), Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Fassnacht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av de Beaumont 29, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian F Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Upper-GI-Service, GET-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Palaia I, Tomao F, DI Pinto A, Pernazza A, Santangelo G, D'Alessandris N, Manganaro L, Arno A, Donato VDI, Perniola G, Della Rocca C, Panici PB. Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: The Role of Immune-related Factors. In Vivo 2021; 35:1277-1283. [PMID: 33622931 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) consists of concomitant chemoradiation or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) plus radical surgery (RS). This study analyzed the prognostic role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and PD-L1 expression in LACC patients, treated with NACT+RS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed 37 LACC patients treated from December 2016 to September 2019. Patients were submitted to pelvic examination, biopsy and imaging. RESULTS In 65% of cases, a nodal involvement was present at pre-treatment MRI. All cancers showed the presence of stromal TILs and PD-L1 staining of inflammatory cells. No significant correlations were found between clinicopathological parameters and the number of TILs and PDL-1 at baseline. After NACT, 29 patients (78%) were submitted to RS; 28% of patients showed pathological complete response, 62% partial response and 10% stable disease. Seven (24%) patients reported a positive node. Patients with high levels of stromal TILs and low NLR and PLR showed a significantly better response to NACT. No significant correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and response to NACT. CONCLUSION The number of TILs, the expression of PDL1, and NLR and PLR ratios correlate significantly with the response of LACC patients to NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna DI Pinto
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy;
| | - Angelina Pernazza
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Santangelo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta D'Alessandris
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Arno
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante DI Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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Sha L, Lv Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sui X, Wang T, Zhang H. Shikonin inhibits the Warburg effect, cell proliferation, invasion and migration by downregulating PFKFB2 expression in lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:560. [PMID: 34109434 PMCID: PMC8201656 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal diseases and therefore poses a significant threat to human health. The Warburg effect, which is the observation that cancer cells predominately produce energy through glycolysis, even under aerobic conditions, is a hallmark of cancer. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB) is an important regulator of glycolysis. Shikonin is a Traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been reported to exert antitumor effects. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of shikonin in lung cancer. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to analyze proliferation in A549 and H446 cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure migration and invasion in A549 and H446 cells. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Lactate levels, glucose uptake and cellular ATP levels were measured using their corresponding commercial kits. Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression levels of key enzymes involved in aerobic glucose metabolism. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of PFKFB2. The results of the present study revealed that PFKFB2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Shikonin treatment decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion, glucose uptake, lactate levels, ATP levels and PFKFB2 expression levels and increased apoptosis in lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The overexpression of PFKFB2 increased the proliferation, migration, glucose uptake, lactate levels and ATP levels in lung cancer cells, while the knockdown of PFKFB2 expression exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, there were no significant differences in lung cancer cell migration, apoptosis, glucose uptake, lactate levels and ATP levels between cells with knocked down PFKFB2 expression or treated with shikonin and the knockdown of PFKFB2 in cells treated with shikonin. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that shikonin inhibited the Warburg effect and exerted antitumor activity in lung cancer cells, which was associated with the downregulation of PFKFB2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Sha
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Business, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Stein MK, Oluoha O, Patel K, VanderWalde A. Precision Medicine in Oncology: A Review of Multi-Tumor Actionable Molecular Targets with an Emphasis on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:518. [PMID: 34198738 PMCID: PMC8226771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is essential for the modern care of a patient with cancer. Comprehensive molecular profiling of the tumor itself is necessary to determine the presence or absence of certain targetable abnormalities or biomarkers. In particular, lung cancer is a disease for which targetable genomic alterations will soon guide therapy in the majority of cases. In this comprehensive review of solid tumor-based biomarkers, we describe the genomic alterations for which targeted agents have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While focusing on alterations leading to approvals in a tumor-agnostic fashion (MSI-h, TMB-h, NTRK) and on those alterations with approvals in multiple malignancies (BRAF, ERBB2, RET, BRCA, PD-L1), we also describe several biomarkers or indications that are likely to lead to an approved drug in the near future (e.g., KRAS G12C, PD-L1 amplification, HER2 overexpression in colon cancer, HER2 mutations in lung cancer). Finally, we detail the current landscape of additional actionable alterations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET) in lung cancer, a biomarker-rich malignancy that has greatly benefitted from the precision oncology revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Stein
- Missouri Baptist Medical Center, Heartland Cancer Research, NCI Community Oncology Research Program, St. Louis, MO 63131, USA;
| | - Oluchukwu Oluoha
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (O.O.); (K.P.)
| | - Kruti Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (O.O.); (K.P.)
| | - Ari VanderWalde
- West Cancer Center and Research Institute, Germantown, TN 38138, USA
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He Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhang T, Song T, Zhang J, Yu Y, Chen S, Song H. Rectosigmoid-Junction Squamous Cell Carcinoma With pMMR/MSS Achieved a Partial Response Following PD-1 Blockade Combined With Chemotherapy: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596342. [PMID: 34113555 PMCID: PMC8185331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare and associated with a poor prognosis. And the pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer is related to a limited response to programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy. However, the clinical activity of PD-1 blockade monotherapy or combination therapy in colorectal SCC is unknown. One patient with rectosigmoid-junction SCC was treated with PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy. After 3 months of PD-1 blockade and chemotherapy, the computed tomography imaging showed that this patient achieved a partial response. The next generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the patient had tumors with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) and microsatellite stability (MSS), strong PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-High), respectively. This case suggests that PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy might be an effective therapy for colorectal SCC with pMMR/MSS status. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression and TMB might be the potential predictors of PD-1 blockade response for colorectal SCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin He
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lunqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongsong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy approaches based on nanoparticle delivery devices. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Inhibition of T-cell-mediated immune response via the PD-1/ PD-L1 axis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173960. [PMID: 33617828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant biliary tract epithelium tumor. The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway has been implicated as an immune escape mechanism in several cancers. The present study aimed to assess the expression of PD-L1 on human CCA cell lines and its potential role in suppressing CD8+ T- cell function. A panel of intrahepatic CCA cell lines was evaluated for immune regulatory checkpoint ligands and inflammation markers. Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), on the expression of immune regulatory checkpoint ligands and inflammation markers were determined. The PD-L1 function was measured by co-culturing CCA cells with lymphocytes. Most of the selected Thai CCA cell lines, including HuCCA-1, RMCCA-1, KKU-100, and KKU-213, expressed higher PD-L1 than normal cholangiocyte MMNK-1 and ANK-1 cells. Both PD-L1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions were highest in HuCCA-1 cells. A 48 h treatment with IFN-γ increased the expression of PD-L1 and COX-2 in CCA cells. The expression of CTLA-4 ligands, including H7-1 and H7-2, did not change after IFN-γ treatment. Rofecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, mitigated IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression. After 48 h co-incubation, CD8+ T-cell apoptosis was increased as compared to the control group. Pretreatment of CCA cells with IFN-γ further increased CD8+ T-cell apoptosis. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, mitigated CCA cell escape phenomenon. The inhibition of T-cell-mediated immune response via the PD-L1/PD-1 axis are evidenced in intrahepatic CCA. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitor offers a potentially therapeutic strategy for CCA patients; however, further in vivo and clinical studies are required.
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Byun JM, Cho HJ, Park HY, Lee DS, Choi IH, Kim YN, Jeong CH, Kim DH, Hwa Im D, Min BJ, Lee KB, Sung MS, Jeong DH. The clinical significance of HERV-H LTR -associating 2 expression in cervical adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23691. [PMID: 33429737 PMCID: PMC7793359 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HERV-H LTR -associating 2 (HHLA2) is a recently discovered member of the B7-family of immune checkpoint molecules that is overexpressed in several types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of HHLA2 in cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) and the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological factors to assess its use as a potential marker for AC prognosis.This study included 76 patients diagnosed with cervical AC. Their resected specimens were obtained and a tissue microarray was constructed. Expression of HHLA2 was detected by the immunohistochemistry. Based on the follow-up data, correlation of HHLA2 expression and clinicopathological features, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival, was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the expression of HHLA2 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).A total of 76 cases of invasive cervical AC were evaluated. High HHLA2 expression was detected in 62 cases (81.6%) and low HHLA2 expression was presented in 14 cases (18.4%). HHLA2 expression showed a significant negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (P = .011). Disease free survival was 75.0% and 49.0% in high-expression and the low expression group, respectively (P = .057). Although there was no statistical significance, an improved OS was observed in the high expression group (83.1% vs 64.9%, P = .479). Further, the expression of HHLA2 and PD-L1 correlated positively (P = .005). Thus, an improved OS was observed in the PD-L1 expression group (90.7% vs 66.2%, P = .037).High expression of HHLA2 is related to tumor progression and prognosis in patients with cervical AC. Therefore, HHLA2 may be a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of cervical AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Mi Byun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, College of Medicine
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Dae Sim Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, College of Medicine
| | - In Hak Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Innovative Therapeutics Research Institute (ITRI)
| | - Young Nam Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, College of Medicine
| | - Chul Hoi Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, South Korea
| | - Da Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Do Hwa Im
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Byoung Jin Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Moon Su Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
| | - Dae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, College of Medicine
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Del Re M, van Schaik RHN, Fogli S, Mathijssen RHJ, Cucchiara F, Capuano A, Scavone C, Jenster GW, Danesi R. Blood-based PD-L1 analysis in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Applications for optimal use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188463. [PMID: 33137405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the programmed cell death protein 1 axis (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) are part of a new pharmacological strategy aimed at reinforcing the immune response to cancer. Despite the success in several cancer types, a significant percentage of patients do not benefit from treatment with these drugs due to intrinsic or acquired resistance or the occurrence of immune-related adverse reactions. Assessment of PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues is currently used to predict drug response in the clinics; however, there is a growing interest in identifying blood-based biomarkers that, owing to the minimally-invasive nature, can allow a dynamic monitoring of drug response in daily clinical practice. In the current review article, we discuss whether the assessment of PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels in circulating extracellular vesicles may have the potential to predict the likelihood of tumor response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Scavone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Guido W Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Yong H, Fu J, Gao G, Shi H, Zheng D, Zhou X. MiR-34a suppresses the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer by modulating PDL1 in the immune microenvironment. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Koh HM, Jang BG, Lee HJ, Hyun CL. Prognostic and clinicopathological roles of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in thymic epithelial tumors: A meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3086-3098. [PMID: 32926538 PMCID: PMC7605989 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is one of the immune checkpoint proteins, and plays an important role in the progression and microenvironment of cancer. PD‐L1 expression has been associated with poor survival in many cancers. Several studies have also shown an association between PD‐L1 expression and the prognosis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). In this study, we systematically evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological roles of PD‐L1 expression in TETs. Methods We searched the literature through PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library and chose the eligible studies, and subsequently performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological roles of PD‐L1 expression in TETs. Results Six of the 75 articles found in the literature were selected. PD‐L1 expression was significantly related to unfavorable overall survival (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.30, P = 0.046) in TETs. PD‐L1 expression was significantly associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.22, P = 0.017) and higher Masaoka stage (OR 3.93, 95% CI: 2.44–6.32, P < 0.001). Conclusions PD‐L1 expression was correlated with unfavorable prognosis in TETs, indicating PD‐L1 expression could help determine the prognosis of TET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
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33
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Uncovering PD-L1 and CD8 + TILS Expression and Clinical Implication in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8164365. [PMID: 32884946 PMCID: PMC7455844 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8164365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) coupled with CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and the clinicopathological features, along with prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods 95 patients of CSCC received tumor resection at the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) from 2015 to 2020. Full-automatic immunohistochemistry was applied to measure PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TILS density. Our literature deeply assessed the links between PD-L1 expression, clinicopathological features, and the influences of combination of PD-L1 and CD8+ TILS (PD-L1+/CD8+ TILS) on the prognosis of CSCC. Results 64.21% of CSCC patients (61/95) expressed PD-L1, and PD-L1 expression was related to the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, tumor size, invasion depth, differentiation degree, metastasis of lymph node, and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). Dramatic correlation between PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TILS density was illustrated in CSCC patients (r = −0.461, P < 0.001). Obvious differences in differentiation degree, FIGO stage, infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis were shown between patients with PD-L1 coupled with high-density of CD8+ TILS and those with PD-L1 coupled with low-density of CD8+ TILS (P < 0.05). Patients with PD-L1 negative expression exhibited better prognosis compared with those with PD-L1 positive expression (P < 0.05). Patients with PD-L1 coupled with high-density of CD8+ TILS showed better prognostic status, while those with PD-L1 coupled with low-density of CD8+ TILS had worse prognostic condition (P < 0.05). Differentiation, metastasis of lymph node, and FIGO stage were substantive impact elements of a CSCC patient's overall survival (OS) by Cox multivariate analysis. Conclusions CD8+ TILS density is related to PD-L1 expression in carcinoma. PD-L1/CD8+ TILS density can be regarded as evaluation for the prognosis of patients with CSCC, providing a new therapeutic target in clinical application.
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Pérez-Ruiz E, Melero I, Kopecka J, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, García-Aranda M, De Las Rivas J. Cancer immunotherapy resistance based on immune checkpoints inhibitors: Targets, biomarkers, and remedies. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100718. [PMID: 32736034 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main public health problems in the world. Systemic therapies such as chemotherapy and more recently target therapies as well as immunotherapy have improved the prognosis of this large group of complex malignant diseases. However, the frequent emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms is one of the major impediments towards curative treatment of cancer. While several mechanisms of drug chemoresistance are well defined, resistance to immunotherapy is still insufficiently unclear due to the complexity of the immune response and its dependence on the host. Expression and regulation of immune checkpoint molecules (such as PD-1, CD279; PD-L1, CD274; and CTLA-4, CD152) play a key role in the response to immunotherapy. In this regard, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) is a common clinical approach for treatment of patients with poor prognosis when other first-line therapies have failed. Unfortunately, about 70 % of patients are classified as non-responders, or they progress after initial response to these ICIs. Multiple factors can be related to immunotherapy resistance: characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME); presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), such as CD8 + T cells associated with treatment-response; presence of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); activation of certain regulators (like PIK3γ or PAX4) found present in non-responders; a low percentage of PD-L1 expressing cells; tumor mutational burden (TMB); gain or loss of antigen-presenting molecules; genetic and epigenetic alterations correlated with resistance. This review provides an update on the current state of immunotherapy resistance presenting targets, biomarkers and remedies to overcome such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pérez-Ruiz
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Costa del Sol, 29603 Marbella, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CUN), Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra (UNAV), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, Turin School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29603 Marbella, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca (USAL), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Mei Z, Huang J, Qiao B, Lam AKY. Immune checkpoint pathways in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:16. [PMID: 32461587 PMCID: PMC7253444 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy, there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Activation of T cells and immune checkpoint molecules is important for the immune response to cancers. Immune checkpoint molecules include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (TIGIT), glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA). Many clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors, as both monotherapies and combination therapies, have been initiated targeting these immune checkpoint molecules. This review summarizes the functional mechanism and use of various immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC, including monotherapies and combination therapies, and provides better treatment options for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Mei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwen Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Cancer Molecular Pathology and Griffith Medical School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Sun DW, An L, Huang HY, Sun XD, Lv GY. Establishing peripheral PD-L1 as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: how long will it come true? Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:82-91. [PMID: 32462395 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of intratumoral programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated by several meta-analyses. However, the prognostic value of pretreatment peripheral PD-L1 (PPPD-L1) level in HCC remains undetermined. Thus, this systemic review aimed to establish PPPD-L1 as a new prognostic marker in HCC according to available evidence. METHODS Case-control studies investigating the prognostic role of PPPD-L1 in HCC were systemically sought in the database of PubMed and Web of Science until March 25th, 2020. Our main concern is survival results, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). The combined results were summarized in narrative form according to data extracted from each included study. RESULTS Finally, nine studies published from 2011 to 2019, were incorporated into this systemic review. Among these, six studies evaluated the PD-L1 expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from blood serum, and three studies evaluated the PD-L1 expression by flow cytometric analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). According to the extracted evidence, high PPPD-L1 expression, measured in either blood serum or PBMC, is associated with poor OS, poor DFS, and poor PFS. Meanwhile, PPPD-L1 was also correlated with enlarged tumor size and more likely with advanced tumor stage as well as vascular invasion. CONCLUSION High PPPD-L1 level is associated with increased mortality rate and increased recurrence rate in HCC. As a convenient serum marker, PPPD-L1 could be a promising marker of prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-W Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - L An
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - H-Y Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - X-D Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - G-Y Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Liang J, Chen D, Chen L, She X, Zhang H, Xiao Y. The potentiality of immunotherapy for sarcomas: a summary of potential predictive biomarkers. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1211-1223. [PMID: 32396026 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. A total of 25-50% of patients treated with initial curative intent will develop as recurrent and metastatic disease. In the recurrent and metastatic setting, effect of chemotherapy is limited; therefore, more effective therapies are urgently desired. As a brake for activation of T cell, PD-1/PD-L1 plays a crucial role in the progression of tumor by altering status of immune surveillance. Some success has been acquired recently in the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for the treatment of several solid tumors, for examples, non-small-cell lung cancer and melanoma. Immunotherapeutic strategies based on PD-1/PD-L1 for sarcomas have also been explored these years. As in other cancers, major challenges are identification of biomarkers to predict response for immunotherapy, optimization of patient's benefit and minimization of side effects. Therefore, we focused on potential biomarkers of immunotherapy for treatment of sarcomas in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan province 650032, PR China
| | - Dedian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, PR China
| | - Liyao Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First People's Hospital of Yuxi City. Yuxi, Yunnan province 653100, PR China
| | - Xueke She
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China
| | - Hushan Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yanbin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan province 650118, PR China
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Zhou J, Wang W, Liang Z, Ni B, He W, Wang D. Clinical significance of CD38 and CD101 expression in PD-1 +CD8 + T cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:724-732. [PMID: 32565998 PMCID: PMC7285834 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using mouse liver tumor models have indicated that coexpression of CD38 and CD101 in programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)+CD8+ T cells may reflect fixed dysregulation of CD8+ T cells and thus indicate a poor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. However, whether CD38 and CD101 expression in PD-1+CD8+ T cells can predict the clinical status and efficacy of chemotherapy for various cancer types, including ovarian cancer (OC), remains unclear. In the present study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation from 96 fresh samples from healthy adult volunteers and patients with epithelial OC, aged 55.21±9.91 years. Additionally, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were separated using a combination of mechanical, chemical and enzymatic digestion from fresh surgically removed tumor tissues from 15 patients with epithelial OC. The expression of CD38 and CD101 in PD-1+CD8+ T cells or TILs was detected by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively. The association between the level of CD38/CD101 expression and clinicopathological parameters or postoperative chemotherapy in patients with OC was statistically analyzed. The levels of CD38/CD101-coexpressing PD-1+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in PBMCs and TILs of patients with OC compared with those of healthy volunteers. The frequency of PD-1+CD38+CD101+CD8+ T cells among the total PD-1+CD8+ T cell subpopulation was negatively associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and postoperative chemotherapy prognosis in patients with OC. Furthermore, IF staining confirmed colocalization of CD38 and CD101 on the majority of TILs in OC tissues. Thus, the present study suggests that coexpression of CD38 and CD101 in peripheral PD-1+CD8+ T cells and TILs may serve as a new indicator for diagnosis and treatment efficacy in patients with epithelial OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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The Microenvironment of Head and Neck Cancers: Papillomavirus Involvement and Potential Impact of Immunomodulatory Treatments. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:330-340. [PMID: 32124416 PMCID: PMC7235119 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression can be understood as the result of deregulation of tumors' immune microenvironments. Recent studies of the alterations of microenvironments highlight their significant influence on the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is necessary to better characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by focusing, in particular, on the tumor escape mechanisms from immune surveillance. One of the best described tumor immune system evasion mechanisms is the expression of co-stimulation molecules that constitute so-called "immune checkpoints". These molecules regulate the immune response by either activating or inhibiting its effects. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface protein is an inhibitory co-stimulation molecule that induces exhaustion of activated T-lymphocytes (TLs, T cells) through binding with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Half of HNSCCs exhibit PD-L1 expression with higher expression identified in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors. Numerous studies have shown differences between the microenvironments of HPV+ and HPV- cancers. Notably, infiltrations of exhausted CD4+ PD1+ and CD8+ PD1+ T cells are far higher in the microenvironment of HPV+ tumors. The FDA has approved the use of molecules that target PD-1 for the treatment of HNSCC. The first results of clinical trials with anti-PD-1 blockers in HNSCC show improved patient survival, particularly long-term survival without recurrence. However, discordant results were sometimes observed, and improvements in defining cellular predictive markers are necessary. With the development of immunotherapies, pathologists play a role in the selection of patients who are eligible for specific treatments and assessment of their prognosis in greater detail. An automated, quantitative in situ imaging system that integrates both multispectral imaging and automated slide scanning could be developed in pathology laboratories. The evaluation of PD-L1 expression has only been used to stratify the administration of first-line immunotherapy. The validation of these tests and their routine interpretation is essential. No specific recommendation is adopted for HPV+ HNSCC.
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim M, Kim YM, Suh JH, Cha HJ, Choi HJ. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in gallbladder cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 54:154-164. [PMID: 32028754 PMCID: PMC7093290 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunomodulatory therapies targeting the interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have become increasingly important in anticancer treatment. Previous research on the subject of this immune response has established an association with tumor aggressiveness and a poor prognosis in certain cancers. Currently, scant information is available on the relationship between PD-L1 expression and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Methods We investigated the expression of PD-L1 in 101 primary GBC cases to determine the potential association with prognostic impact. PD-L1 expression was immunohistochemically assessed using a single PD-L1 antibody (clone SP263). Correlations with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS), or progression- free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results PD-L1 expression in tumor cells at cutoff levels of 1%, 10%, and 50% was present in 18.8%, 13.8%, and 7.9% of cases. Our study showed that positive PD-L1 expression at any cutoff was significantly correlated with poorly differentiated histologic grade and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p < .05). PD-L1 expression at cutoff levels of 10% and 50% was significantly positive in patients with perineural invasion, higher T categories, and higher pathologic stages (p < .05). Additionally, there was a significant association noted between PD-L1 expression at a cutoff level of 50% and worse OS or PFS (p = .049 for OS, p = .028 for PFS). Other poor prognostic factors included histologic grade, T category, N category, pathologic stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, growth pattern, and margin of resection (p < .05). Conclusions The expression of PD-L1 in GBC varies according to cutoff level but is valuably associated with poor prognostic parameters and survival. Our study indicates that the overexpression of PD-L1 in GBC had a negative prognostic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyungbin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Misung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.,University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.,University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.,University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea.,University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Wang S, Hu C, Xie F, Liu Y. Use of Programmed Death Receptor-1 and/or Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:667-683. [PMID: 32158220 PMCID: PMC6986404 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is regarded as an immune privileged environment; however, changes in the neuroimmunology paradigm have led to an increased interest in systematic immunotherapy in lung cancer therapy. The presence of the lymphatic system in the CNS as well as the physiological and biochemical changes in the blood–brain barrier in the tumor microenvironment suggests that immunocytes are fully capable of entering and exiting the CNS. Emerging clinical data suggest that inhibitors of programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) can stimulate surrounding T cells and thus have antitumor effects in the CNS. For example, PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab) monotherapy has displayed a 20–30% encephalic response rate in patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer. Combined application of nivolumab and ipilimumab anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 showed an encephalic response rate of 55% in patients with brain metastases of melanoma. Further evidence is required to verify these response rates and identify the mechanisms of curative effects and drug tolerance. While regional treatments such as whole-brain radiosurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and brain surgery remain the mainstream, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors display potential decreased neurotoxic effects. To date, five drugs have been approved for use in patients with encephalic metastases of lung carcinoma: the anti-PD-1 drugs, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and the anti-PD-L1 agents, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab. In recent years, clinical trials of inhibitors in combination with other drugs to treat brain metastasis have also emerged. This review summarizes the biological principles of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for brain metastasis of lung cancer, as well as ongoing clinical trials to explore unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongling Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang 641300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Zhang B, Liu Y, Zhou S, Jiang H, Zhu K, Wang R. Predictive effect of PD-L1 expression for immune checkpoint inhibitor (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) treatment for non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106214. [PMID: 31982822 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a well-known predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, however, its accuracy remains controversial. Here, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 expression level and efficacy of its inhibitors, and hence assessed the predictive effect of PD-L1 expression. METHODS Studies that evaluated the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced NSCLC patients according to tumor PD-L1 expression levels were searched for on Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the objective response rate (ORR) with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured in terms of hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS 1432 NSCLC patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included and three PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were used to treat the patients. A significantly higher ORR was observed in the high PD-L1 expression group compared to the low expression group (0.35 [95% CI, 0.30-0.40] vs 0.11 [95% CI, 0.09-0.14]). The results of the subgroup analysis, grouped by the type of drugs and antibodies which assess immune checkpoint inhibitors were identical with the pooled result. However, our study showed that PD-L1 expression was neither prognostic nor predictive of overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors compared to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 can be a predictive biomarker for ORR. Nevertheless, PD-L1 expression is not a good predictive tool for OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:83-117. [PMID: 32185708 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), as a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, target CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and reinvigorate anti-tumor activities by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling. With unprecedented performance in clinical trials, ICBs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, while ICBs are revolutionizing therapeutic algorithms for cancers, the frequently observed innate, adaptive or acquired drug resistance remains an inevitable obstacle to a durable antitumor activity, thus leading to non-response or tumor relapse. Researches have shown that resistance could occur at each stage of the tumor's immune responses. From the current understanding, the molecular mechanisms for the resistance of ICB can be categorized into the following aspects: 1. Tumor-derived mechanism, 2. T cell-based mechanism, and 3. Tumor microenvironment-determined resistance. In order to overcome resistance, potential therapeutic strategies include enhancing antigen procession and presentation, reinforcing the activity and infiltration of T cells, and destroying immunosuppression microenvironment. In future, determining the driving factors behind ICB resistance by tools of precision medicine may maximize clinical benefits from ICBs. Moreover, efforts in individualized dosing, intermittent administration and/or combinatory regimens have opened new directions for overcoming ICB resistance.
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Zhou K, Guo S, Li F, Sun Q, Liang G. Exosomal PD-L1: New Insights Into Tumor Immune Escape Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569219. [PMID: 33178688 PMCID: PMC7593554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a classical immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells plays a pivotal role in tumor immunosuppression, primarily by inhibiting the antitumor activities of T cells by binding to its receptor PD-1. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have demonstrated unprecedented promise in treating various human cancers with impressive efficacy. However, a significant portion of cancer patients remains less responsive. Therefore, a better understanding of PD-L1-mediated immune escape is imperative. PD-L1 can be expressed on the surface of tumor cells, but it is also found to exist in extracellular forms, such as on exosomes. Recent studies have revealed the importance of exosomal PD-L1 (ExoPD-L1). As an alternative to membrane-bound PD-L1, ExoPD-L1 produced by tumor cells also plays an important regulatory role in the antitumor immune response. We review the recent remarkable findings on the biological functions of ExoPD-L1, including the inhibition of lymphocyte activities, migration to PD-L1-negative tumor cells and immune cells, induction of both local and systemic immunosuppression, and promotion of tumor growth. We also discuss the potential implications of ExoPD-L1 as a predictor for disease progression and treatment response, sensitive methods for detection of circulating ExoPD-L1, and the novel therapeutic strategies combining the inhibition of exosome biogenesis with PD-L1 blockade in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Guo,
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoxin Liang
- Cancer Therapy Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Humanized Mice as an Effective Evaluation System for Peptide Vaccines and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246337. [PMID: 31888191 PMCID: PMC6940818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide vaccination was developed for the prevention and therapy of acute and chronic infectious diseases and cancer. However, vaccine development is challenging, because the patient immune system requires the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition with the peptide. Moreover, antigens sometimes induce a low response, even if the peptide is presented by antigen-presenting cells and T cells recognize it. This is because the patient immunity is dampened or restricted by environmental factors. Even if the immune system responds appropriately, newly-developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are used to increase the immune response against cancer, make the immune environment more complex. The ICIs may activate T cells, although the ratio of responsive patients is not high. However, the vaccine may induce some immune adverse effects in the presence of ICIs. Therefore, a system is needed to predict such risks. Humanized mouse systems possessing human immune cells have been developed to examine human immunity in vivo. One of the systems which uses transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may become a new diagnosis strategy. Various humanized mouse systems are being developed and will become good tools for the prediction of antibody response and immune adverse effects.
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Litak J, Mazurek M, Grochowski C, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5347. [PMID: 31661771 PMCID: PMC6862444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most popular primary central nervous system cancer and has an extremely expansive course. Aggressive tumor growth correlates with short median overall survival (OS) oscillating between 14 and 17 months. The survival rate of patients in a three-year follow up oscillates around 10%. The interaction of the proteins programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) creates an immunoregulatory axis promoting invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain tissue. The PD-1 pathway maintains immunological homeostasis and protects against autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on glioblastoma surface promotes PD-1 receptor activation in microglia, resulting in the negative regulation of T cell responses. Glioblastoma multiforme cells induce PD-L1 secretion by activation of various receptors such as toll like receptor (TLR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR), interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR). Binding of the PD-1 ligand to the PD-1 receptor activates the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which dephosphorylates Zap 70, and this inhibits T cell proliferation and downregulates lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Relevant studies demonstrated that the expression of PD-L1 in glioma correlates with WHO grading and could be considered as a tumor biomarker. Studies in preclinical GBM mouse models confirmed the safety and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Satisfactory results such as significant regression of tumor mass and longer animal survival time were observed. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PD-1 and PD-L1 are being tested in clinical trials concerning patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
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Nagarajan P, El-Hadad C, Gruschkus SK, Ning J, Hudgens CW, Sagiv O, Gross N, Tetzlaff MT, Esmaeli B. PD-L1/PD1 Expression, Composition of Tumor-Associated Immune Infiltrate, and HPV Status in Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2388-2398. [PMID: 31141610 PMCID: PMC6890426 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of ocular surface neoplasia, is primarily treated by surgical resection and topical immuno- or chemotherapy. Metastatic disease may be treated with systemic chemo- or immunotherapy, albeit with variable response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether immune checkpoint blockade might be considered in the management of conjunctival SCC. Methods In this retrospective study, we evaluated tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and immunohistochemical expression of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and programmed death 1 (PD1) in tumor-associated immune infiltrate in a series of 31 conjunctival SCCs. Results PD-L1 expression in ≥1% of tumor cells was noted in 14 conjunctival SCCs (47%) and was more prevalent in invasive than in situ SCC and among tumors with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T category (≥T3 versus ≤T2). The density of CD3-positive T cells was higher in primary than recurrent tumors and higher in invasive than in situ tumors. Density of CD3-positive and CD8-positive T cells was higher in higher AJCC stage tumors. Density of CD8-positive T cells was higher in HPV-positive than HPV-negative tumors. PD-L1 expression correlated with a higher density of CD3-, CD8-, and PD1-positive cells in the tumor-associated immune infiltrate but not with HPV status. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PD-L1 is expressed in almost half of conjunctival SCCs. The density of tumor-associated immune cells correlated with invasive SCC, stage, and HPV status in conjunctival SCC. Our findings support further studies to establish the potential application of immune checkpoint blockade in the management of conjunctival SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Christian El-Hadad
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Stephen K Gruschkus
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Courtney W Hudgens
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Oded Sagiv
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
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Téglási V, Pipek O, Lózsa R, Berta K, Szüts D, Harkó T, Vadász P, Rojkó L, Döme B, Bagó AG, Tímár J, Moldvay J, Szállási Z, Reiniger L. PD-L1 Expression of Lung Cancer Cells, Unlike Infiltrating Immune Cells, Is Stable and Unaffected by Therapy During Brain Metastasis. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:363-369.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Jagoda EM, Vasalatiy O, Basuli F, Opina ACL, Williams MR, Wong K, Lane KC, Adler S, Ton AT, Szajek LP, Xu B, Butcher D, Edmondson EF, Swenson RE, Greiner J, Gulley J, Eary J, Choyke PL. Immuno-PET Imaging of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand (PD-L1) Using a Zirconium-89 Labeled Therapeutic Antibody, Avelumab. Mol Imaging 2019; 18:1536012119829986. [PMID: 31044647 PMCID: PMC6498777 DOI: 10.1177/1536012119829986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal is to evaluate avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody labeled with zirconium-89 in human PD-L1-expressing cancer cells and mouse xenografts for clinical translation. METHODS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was synthesized using avelumab conjugated to desferrioxamine. In vitro binding studies and biodistribution studies were performed with PD-L1+MDA-MB231 cells and MDA-MB231 xenograft mouse models, respectively. Biodistributions were determined at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days post coinjection of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb without or with unlabeled avelumab (10, 20, 40, and 400 µg). RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb exhibited high affinity (Kd ∼ 0.3 nM) and detected moderate PD-L1 expression levels in MDA-MB231 cells. The spleen and lymph nodes exhibited the highest [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb uptakes in all time points, while MDA-MB231 tumor uptakes were lower but highly retained. In the unlabeled avelumab dose escalation studies, spleen tissue-muscle ratios decreased in a dose-dependent manner indicating specific [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb binding to PD-L1. In contrast, lymph node and tumor tissue-muscle ratios increased 4- to 5-fold at 20 and 40 µg avelumab doses. CONCLUSIONS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb exhibited specific and high affinity for PD-L1 in vitro and had target tissue uptakes correlating with PD-L1 expression levels in vivo. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PD-L1 mAb uptake in PD-L1+tumors increased with escalating doses of avelumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Jagoda
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ana Christina L Opina
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Williams
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Wong
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly C Lane
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steve Adler
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita Thein Ton
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Biying Xu
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- 4 Pathology & Histotechnology Lab Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- 4 Pathology & Histotechnology Lab Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- 2 Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John Greiner
- 5 Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Gulley
- 6 Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,7 Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Janet Eary
- 8 Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- 1 Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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50
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Naing A, Infante J, Goel S, Burris H, Black C, Marshall S, Achour I, Barbee S, May R, Morehouse C, Pollizzi K, Song X, Steele K, Elgeioushi N, Walcott F, Karakunnel J, LoRusso P, Weise A, Eder J, Curti B, Oberst M. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MEDI0680 in a phase I study of patients with advanced solid malignancies. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:225. [PMID: 31439037 PMCID: PMC6704567 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody MEDI0680 were evaluated in a phase I, multicenter, dose-escalation study in advanced solid malignancies. METHODS MEDI0680 was administered intravenously once every 2 weeks (Q2W) or once every 3 weeks at 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 10 or 20 mg/kg. Two cohorts received 20 mg/kg once a week for 2 or 4 weeks, then 20 mg/kg Q2W. All were treated for 12 months or until progression. The primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints were efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory endpoints included pharmacodynamics. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were treated. Median age was 62.5 years and 81% were male. Most had kidney cancer (n = 36) or melanoma (n = 9). There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 83% and were grade ≥ 3 in 21%. Objective clinical responses occurred in 8/58 patients (14%): 5 with kidney cancer, including 1 with a complete response, and 3 with melanoma. The relationship between dose and serum levels was predictable and linear, with apparent receptor saturation at 10 mg/kg Q2W and all 20 mg/kg cohorts. CONCLUSIONS MEDI0680 induced peripheral T-cell proliferation and increased plasma IFNγ and associated chemokines regardless of clinical response. CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration and tumoral gene expression of IFNG, CD8A, CXCL9, and granzyme K (GZMK) were also increased following MEDI0680 administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02013804 ; date of registration December 12, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Infante
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA.,Present Address: Department of Oncology, Janssen, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Howard Burris
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea Black
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present Address: PRA Health Sciences, Blue Bell, PA, USA
| | - Shannon Marshall
- Department of Research, Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present Address: Early Oncology Clinical, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ikbel Achour
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Susannah Barbee
- Department of Research, Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present Address: Department of Immuno-Oncology Research, FivePrime Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rena May
- Department of Research, Amplimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present Address: Late-stage Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chris Morehouse
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Pollizzi
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xuyang Song
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Keith Steele
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Farzana Walcott
- Early Oncology Clinical, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Joyson Karakunnel
- Early Oncology Clinical, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Present Address: Department of Clinical Development, Arcus Biosciences, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Present Address: Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy Weise
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Eder
- Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brendan Curti
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Oberst
- Discovery Sciences, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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