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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Wei X, Zou Z, Zhang W, Fang M, Zhang X, Luo Z, Chen J, Huang G, Zhang P, Cheng Y, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang J, Wu D, Chen Y, Ma X, Pan H, Jiang R, Liu X, Ren X, Tian H, Jia Z, Guo J, Si L. A phase II study of efficacy and safety of the MEK inhibitor tunlametinib in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2024; 202:114008. [PMID: 38479118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NRAS-mutant melanoma is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis; however, there is no approved targeted therapy to date worldwide. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, phase II, pivotal registrational study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of the MEK inhibitor tunlametinib in patients with unresectable, stage III/IV, NRAS-mutant melanoma (NCT05217303). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent radiological review committee (IRRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response(DOR), overall survival (OS) and safety. FINDINGS Between November 2, 2020 and February 11, 2022, a total of 100 patients were enrolled. All (n = 100) patients received at least one dose of tunlametinib (safety analysis set [SAS]) and 95 had central laboratory-confirmed NRAS mutations (full analysis set [FAS]). In the FAS, NRAS mutations were observed at Q61 (78.9%), G12 (15.8%) and G13 (5.3%). The IRRC-assessed ORR was 35.8%, with a median DOR of 6.1 months. The median PFS was 4.2 months, DCR was 72.6% and median OS was 13.7 months. Subgroup analysis showed that in patients who had previously received immunotherapy, the ORR was 40.6%. No treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION Tunlametinib showed promising antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma, including those who had prior exposure to immunotherapy. The findings warrant further validation in a randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (word B7) of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Melanoma and Sarcoma, the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of Rare Cancer & Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Cancer Centre, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics & Soft Tissue, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology/the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaobiao Ma
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renbing Jiang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinlan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Biotherapy Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Shanghai Kechow Pharma, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Shanghai Kechow Pharma, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China.
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3
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Qi J, Cheng H, Su L, Li J, Cheng F. A novel exosome-related prognostic risk model for thyroid cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38577908 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to build an exosome-related gene (ERG) risk model for thyroid cancer (TC) patients. METHODS Note that, 510 TC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 121 ERGs from the ExoBCD database were obtained. Differential gene expression analysis was performed to get ERGs in TC (TERGs). Functional enrichment analyses including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted on the TERGs. Then we constructed a model based on LASSO Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied and a Nomogram model was also built. The immune landscape was evaluated by CIBERSORT. RESULTS Thirty-eight TERGs were identified and their functions were enriched on 591 GO terms and 30 KEGG pathways. We built a Risk Score model based on FGFR3, ADRA1B, and POSTN. Risk Scores were significantly higher in T4 than in other stages, meanwhile, it didn't significantly differ in genders and TNM N or M classifications. The nomogram model could reliably predict the overall survival of TC patients. The mutation rate of BRAF and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The risk score was significantly correlated to the immune landscape. CONCLUSION We built a Risk Score model using FGFR3, ADRA1B, and POSTN which could reliably predict the prognosis of TC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Hanshan Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Long Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, China
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Nelson BE, Roszik J, Ahmed J, Barretto CMN, Nardo M, Campbell E, Johnson AM, Piha-Paul SA, Oliva ICG, Weathers SP, Cabanillas M, Javle M, Meric-Bernstam F, Subbiah V. RAF inhibitor re-challenge therapy in BRAF-aberrant pan-cancers: the RE-RAFFLE study. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 38532456 PMCID: PMC10964523 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the clinical benefit of rechallenging the RAF pathway in melanoma patients previously treated with BRAF inhibitors. 44 patients with multiple tumors harboring RAF alterations were rechallenged with a second RAF inhibitor, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, after prior therapy with a first RAF inhibitor. This retrospective observational study results showed that rechallenging with RAFi(s) led to an overall response rate of 18.1% [PR in thyroid (1 anaplastic; 3 papillary), 1 ovarian, 2 melanoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 anaplastic astrocytoma]. The clinical benefit rate was 54.5%; more than 30% of patients had durable responses with PR and SD lasting > 6 months. The median progression-free survival on therapy with second RAF inhibitor in the rechallenge setting either as monotherapy or combination was shorter at 2.7 months (0.9-30.1 m) compared to 8.6 months (6.5-11.5 m) with RAF-1i. However, the median PFS with RAF-2i responders (PFS-2) improved at 12.8 months compared to 11.4 months with RAF-1i responders. The median OS from retreatment with RAF-2i was 15.5 months (11.1-30.8 m). Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and expand targeted therapy options for RAF-aberrant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessie Elizabeth Nelson
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jibran Ahmed
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmelia Maria Noia Barretto
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mirella Nardo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erick Campbell
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiao-Pei Weathers
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Early-Phase Drug Development, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Yan C, Zhao L, Zhang X, Chu Z, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Geng S, Guo K. Cold atmospheric plasma sensitizes melanoma cells to targeted therapy agents in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300356. [PMID: 38041219 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported to kill melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. BRAF and MEK inhibitors are targeted therapy agents for advanced melanoma patients with BRAF mutations. However, low overall survival and relapse-free survival are still tough challenges due to drug resistance. In this study, we confirmed that CAP alleviated innate drug resistance and promoted the anti-tumor effect of targeted therapy in A875 and WM115 melanoma cells in vitro. Further, we revealed that CAP altered the expression of various molecules concerning MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways in A875 cells. This study demonstrates that CAP promises to work as adjuvant treatment with targeted therapy to overcome drug resistance for malignant tumors in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Chu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
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6
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Bachari A, Nassar N, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Piva TJ, Mantri N. Evaluating the Mechanism of Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by the Cannabis Extract PHEC-66. Cells 2024; 13:268. [PMID: 38334660 PMCID: PMC10854753 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Research suggests the potential of using cannabinoid-derived compounds to function as anticancer agents against melanoma cells. Our recent study highlighted the remarkable in vitro anticancer effects of PHEC-66, an extract from Cannabis sativa, on the MM418-C1, MM329, and MM96L melanoma cell lines. However, the complete molecular mechanism behind this action remains to be elucidated. This study aims to unravel how PHEC-66 brings about its antiproliferative impact on these cell lines, utilising diverse techniques such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), assays to assess the inhibition of CB1 and CB2 receptors, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The outcomes obtained from this study suggest that PHEC-66 triggers apoptosis in these melanoma cell lines by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX mRNA) while concurrently reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 mRNA). Additionally, PHEC-66 induces DNA fragmentation, halting cell progression at the G1 cell cycle checkpoint and substantially elevating intracellular ROS levels. These findings imply that PHEC-66 might have potential as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, it is essential to conduct further preclinical investigations to delve deeper into its potential and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Al Hmada Y, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Brodell RT, Hassan M. CD133-Dependent Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase /AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38334632 PMCID: PMC10854812 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma frequently harbors genetic alterations in key molecules leading to the aberrant activation of PI3K and its downstream pathways. Although the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in melanoma progression and drug resistance is well documented, targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway showed less efficiency in clinical trials than might have been expected, since the suppression of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway-induced feedback loops is mostly associated with the activation of compensatory pathways such as MAPK/MEK/ERK. Consequently, the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance can occur. As a solid tumor, melanoma is notorious for its heterogeneity. This can be expressed in the form of genetically divergent subpopulations including a small fraction of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) that make the most of the tumor mass. Like other CSCs, melanoma stem-like cells (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins/stemness markers and aberrant signaling pathways. In addition to its function as a robust marker for stemness properties, CD133 is crucial for the maintenance of stemness properties and drug resistance. Herein, the role of CD133-dependent activation of PI3K/mTOR in the regulation of melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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8
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Bachari A, Nassar N, Schanknecht E, Telukutla S, Piva TJ, Mantri N. Rationalizing a prospective coupling effect of cannabinoids with the current pharmacotherapy for melanoma treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1633. [PMID: 37920964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the leading fatal forms of cancer, yet from a treatment perspective, we have minimal control over its reoccurrence and resistance to current pharmacotherapies. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has recently been accepted as a multifaceted homeostatic regulator, influencing various physiological processes across different biological compartments, including the skin. This review presents an overview of the pathophysiology of melanoma, current pharmacotherapy used for treatment, and the challenges associated with the different pharmacological approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the utility of cannabinoids as an additive remedy for melanoma by restoring the balance between downregulated immunomodulatory pathways and elevated inflammatory cytokines during chronic skin conditions as one of the suggested critical approaches in treating this immunogenic tumor. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Terrence Jerald Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Gunda V, Ghosh C, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhang YQ, Shen M, Kebebew E. Combination BRAFV600E Inhibition with the Multitargeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Axitinib Shows Additive Anticancer Activity in BRAFV600E-Mutant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2023; 33:1201-1214. [PMID: 37675898 PMCID: PMC10625471 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is uniformly lethal. BRAFV600E mutation is present in 45% of patients with ATC. Targeted therapy with combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC can be effective, but acquired resistance is common because this combination targets the same pathway. Drug matrix screening, in BRAFV600E ATC cells, of highly active compounds in combination with BRAF inhibition showed multitargeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) had the highest synergistic/additive activity. Thus, we hypothesized that the combination of BRAFV600E inhibition and an MTKI is more effective than a single drug or combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC. We evaluated the effect of BRAFV600E inhibitors in combination with the MTKI axitinib and its mechanism(s) of action. Methods: We evaluated the effects of BRAFV600E inhibitors and axitinib alone and in combination in in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutant and wild-type ATC. Results: The combination of axitinib and BRAFV600E inhibitors (dabrafenib and PLX4720) showed an additive effect on inhibiting cell proliferation based on the Chou-Talalay algorithm in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC cell lines. This combination also significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration (p < 0.001) compared with the control. Dabrafenib and PLX4720 arrested ATC cells in the G0/G1 phase. Axitinib arrested ATC cells in the G2/M phase by decreasing phosphorylation of aurora kinase B (Thr232) and histone H3 (Ser10) proteins and by upregulating the c-JUN signaling pathway. The combination of BRAF inhibition and axitinib significantly inhibited tumor growth and was associated with improved survival in an orthotopic ATC model. Conclusions: The novel combination of axitinib and BRAFV600E inhibition enhanced anticancer activity in in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutant ATC. This combination may have clinical utility in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC that is refractory to current standard therapy, namely combined BRAF and MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Gunda
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Aprile M, Cataldi S, Perfetto C, Federico A, Ciccodicola A, Costa V. Targeting metabolism by B-raf inhibitors and diclofenac restrains the viability of BRAF-mutated thyroid carcinomas with Hif-1α-mediated glycolytic phenotype. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:249-265. [PMID: 37198319 PMCID: PMC10338540 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-raf inhibitors (BRAFi) are effective for BRAF-mutated papillary (PTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinomas, although acquired resistance impairs tumour cells' sensitivity and/or limits drug efficacy. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities is emerging as powerful approach in cancer. METHODS In silico analyses identified metabolic gene signatures and Hif-1α as glycolysis regulator in PTC. BRAF-mutated PTC, ATC and control thyroid cell lines were exposed to HIF1A siRNAs or chemical/drug treatments (CoCl2, EGF, HGF, BRAFi, MEKi and diclofenac). Genes/proteins expression, glucose uptake, lactate quantification and viability assays were used to investigate the metabolic vulnerability of BRAF-mutated cells. RESULTS A specific metabolic gene signature was identified as a hallmark of BRAF-mutated tumours, which display a glycolytic phenotype, characterised by enhanced glucose uptake, lactate efflux and increased expression of Hif-1α-modulated glycolytic genes. Indeed, Hif-1α stabilisation counteracts the inhibitory effects of BRAFi on these genes and on cell viability. Interestingly, targeting metabolic routes with BRAFi and diclofenac combination we could restrain the glycolytic phenotype and synergistically reduce tumour cells' viability. CONCLUSION The identification of a metabolic vulnerability of BRAF-mutated carcinomas and the capacity BRAFi and diclofenac combination to target metabolism open new therapeutic perspectives in maximising drug efficacy and reducing the onset of secondary resistance and drug-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Perfetto
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)-Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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11
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Bushara O, Tidwell J, Wester JR, Miura J. The Current State of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Resectable Advanced Stage Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3344. [PMID: 37444454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of effective immunotherapy and targeted therapy has significantly improved outcomes in advanced-stage resectable melanoma. Currently, the mainstay of treatment of malignant melanoma is surgery followed by adjuvant systemic therapies. However, recent studies have shown a potential role for neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of advanced-stage resectable melanoma. Mechanistically, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may yield a more robust response than adjuvant immunotherapy, as the primary tumor serves as an antigen in this setting rather than only micrometastatic disease after the index procedure. Additionally, targeted therapy has been shown to yield effective neoadjuvant cytoreduction, and oncolytic viruses may also increase the immunogenicity of primary tumors. Effective neoadjuvant therapy may serve to decrease tumor size and thus reduce the extent of required surgery and thus morbidity. It also allows for assessment of pathologic response, facilitating prognostication as well as tailoring future therapy. The current literature consistently supports that neoadjuvant therapy, even as little as one dose, is associated with improved outcomes and is well-tolerated. Some patients with a complete pathological response may even avoid surgery completely. These results challenge the current paradigm of a surgery-first approach and provide further evidence supporting neoadjuvant therapy in advanced-stage resectable melanoma. Further research into the optimal treatment schedule and dose timing is warranted, as is the continued investigation of novel therapies and combinations of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bushara
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerica Tidwell
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James R Wester
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Miura
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Criado PR, Lorenzini D, Miot HA, Bueno-Filho R, Carneiro FRO, Ianhez M. New small molecules in dermatology: for the autoimmunity, inflammation and beyond. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w. [PMID: 37212867 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The discovery of new inflammatory pathways and the mechanism of action of inflammatory, autoimmune, genetic, and neoplastic diseases led to the development of immunologically driven drugs. We aimed to perform a narrative review regarding the rising of a new class of drugs capable of blocking important and specific intracellular signals in the maintenance of these pathologies: the small molecules. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 114 scientific papers were enrolled in this narrative review. RESULTS We describe in detail the families of protein kinases-Janus Kinase (JAK), Src kinase, Syk tyrosine kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-their physiologic function and new drugs that block these pathways of intracellular signaling. We also detail the involved cytokines and the main metabolic and clinical implications of these new medications in the field of dermatology. CONCLUSIONS Despite having lower specificity compared to specific immunobiological therapies, these new drugs are effective in a wide variety of dermatological diseases, especially diseases that had few therapeutic options, such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Post-Graduation Program, Full Researcher, Santo André, Rua Carneiro Leão 33, Vila Scarpelli, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Lorenzini
- Santa Casa de Misericórida de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bueno-Filho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra Ianhez
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) E Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT-GO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Gouda MA, Subbiah V. Expanding the Benefit: Dabrafenib/Trametinib as Tissue-Agnostic Therapy for BRAF V600E-Positive Adult and Pediatric Solid Tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e404770. [PMID: 37159870 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_404770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the dabrafenib/trametinib combination as a tissue-agnostic treatment for solid tumors with BRAF V600E mutation is the result of more than 20 years of extensive research into BRAF mutations in human cancer, the underlying biological mechanisms that drive BRAF-mediated tumor growth, and the clinical testing and refinement of selective RAF and MEK kinase inhibitors. Such approval marks a significant achievement in the field of oncology and represents a major step forward in our ability to treat cancer. Early evidence supported the use of dabrafenib/trametinib combination in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Furthermore, data from basket trials have demonstrated consistently good response rates in various tumors, including biliary tract cancer, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, hairy cell leukemia, and multiple other malignancies, which has been the basis for FDA approval of a tissue-agnostic indication in adult and pediatric patients with BRAF V600E-positive solid tumors. From a clinical standpoint, our review delves into the efficacy of the dabrafenib/trametinib combination for BRAF V600E-positive tumors: examining the underlying rationale for its use, evaluating the latest evidence on its potential benefits, and discussing the possible associated adverse effects and strategies to minimize their impact. Additionally, we explore potential resistance mechanisms and future landscape of BRAF-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Gouda
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Al-Kom, Egypt
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- MD Anderson Cancer Network, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Nakai C, Mimaki S, Matsushima K, Shinozaki E, Yamazaki K, Muro K, Yamaguchi K, Nishina T, Yuki S, Shitara K, Bando H, Suzuki Y, Akagi K, Nomura S, Fujii S, Sugiyama M, Nishida N, Mizokami M, Koh Y, Koshizaka T, Okada H, Abe Y, Ohtsu A, Yoshino T, Tsuchihara K. Regulation of MEK inhibitor selumetinib sensitivity by AKT phosphorylation in the novel BRAF L525R mutant. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:654-663. [PMID: 36856908 PMCID: PMC10119053 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic mutations in BRAF genes are found in approximately 5-10% of colorectal cancers. The majority of BRAF mutations are located within exons 11-15 of the catalytic kinase domains, with BRAF V600E accounting for more than 80% of the observed BRAF mutations. Sensitivity to BRAF- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors varies depending on BRAF mutations and tumor cell types. Previously, we newly identified, BRAF L525R-mutation, in the activation segment of the kinase in colorectal cancer patient. Here, we characterized the function of the BRAF L525R mutation. METHODS HEK293 cells harboring a BRAF mutation (V600E or L525R) were first characterized and then treated with cetuximab, dabrafenib, and selumetinib. Cell viability was measured using WST-1 assay and the expression of proteins involved in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways was evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS The MEK inhibitor selumetinib effectively inhibited cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation in BRAF L525R cells but not in BRAF V600E cells. Further studies revealed that AKT phosphorylation was reduced by selumetinib in BRAF L525R cells but not in BRAF V600E cells or selumetinib-resistant BRAF L525R cells. Moreover, the AKT inhibitor overcame the selumetinib resistance. CONCLUSIONS We established a model system harboring BRAF L525R using HEK293 cells. BRAF L525R constitutively activated ERK. AKT phosphorylation caused sensitivity and resistance to selumetinib. Our results suggest that a comprehensive network analysis may provide insights to identify effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakai
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
- G&G Science Co. Ltd., 4-1-1 Misato, Matsukawamachi, Fukushima, 960-1242, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Matsushima
- G&G Science Co. Ltd., 4-1-1 Misato, Matsukawamachi, Fukushima, 960-1242, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinozaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0063, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimo-Nagakubo, Nagaizumi-Cho, Sunto, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0063, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Minamiumemotomachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0245, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bando
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Inami-machi, Kitaadachi, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Biostatistics Division, Center for Research and Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koh
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takuya Koshizaka
- G&G Science Co. Ltd., 4-1-1 Misato, Matsukawamachi, Fukushima, 960-1242, Japan
| | - Hideki Okada
- G&G Science Co. Ltd., 4-1-1 Misato, Matsukawamachi, Fukushima, 960-1242, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- G&G Science Co. Ltd., 4-1-1 Misato, Matsukawamachi, Fukushima, 960-1242, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtsu
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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Katzengruber L, Sander P, Laufer S. MKK4 Inhibitors-Recent Development Status and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087495. [PMID: 37108658 PMCID: PMC10144091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MKK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also referred to as MEK4) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates and regulates both JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways and therefore has a great impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of MKK4 has been associated with aggressive cancer types, including metastatic prostate and ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, MKK4 has been identified as a key regulator in liver regeneration. Therefore, MKK4 is a promising target both for cancer therapeutics and for the treatment of liver-associated diseases, offering an alternative to liver transplantation. The recent reports on new inhibitors, as well as the formation of a startup company investigating an inhibitor in clinical trials, show the importance and interest of MKK4 in drug discovery. In this review, we highlight the significance of MKK4 in cancer development and other diseases, as well as its unique role in liver regeneration. Furthermore, we present the most recent progress in MKK4 drug discovery and future challenges in the development of MKK4-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Katzengruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Fowler M, Tobback H, Karuri A, Fernández-Ortega P. Nursing care and management of adverse events for patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer receiving encorafenib in combination with cetuximab: a review. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:204. [PMID: 36881161 PMCID: PMC9989561 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Encorafenib is a B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (BRAF) inhibitor, approved in the EU and USA, in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab, for the treatment of patients with BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In the pivotal BEACON CRC trial, patients achieved longer survival with encorafenib in combination with cetuximab vs. conventional chemotherapy. This targeted therapy regimen is also generally better tolerated than cytotoxic treatments. However, patients may present with adverse events unique to the regimen and characteristic of BRAF and EGFR inhibitors, which produce their own set of challenges. Nurses play an essential role in navigating the care of patients with BRAFV600E-mutant mCRC and managing adverse events that patients may experience. This includes early and efficient identification of treatment-related adverse events, subsequent management of adverse events and education of patients and their caregivers around key adverse events. This manuscript aims to provide support to nurses managing patients with BRAFV600E-mutant mCRC receiving encorafenib in combination with cetuximab, by summarising potential adverse events and providing guidance on how to manage them. Special attention will be paid to the presentation of key adverse events, dose modifications that may be required, practical recommendations and supportive care measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fowler
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHSFT, Uttoxeter Road, DE22 3NE, Derby, UK.
| | | | | | - Paz Fernández-Ortega
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Granvia de l'Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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George S, Martin JAJ, Graziani V, Sanz-Moreno V. Amoeboid migration in health and disease: Immune responses versus cancer dissemination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1091801. [PMID: 36699013 PMCID: PMC9869768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for efficient immune responses and is aberrantly used by cancer cells during metastatic dissemination. Amoeboid migrating cells use myosin II-powered blebs to propel themselves, and change morphology and direction. Immune cells use amoeboid strategies to respond rapidly to infection or tissue damage, which require quick passage through several barriers, including blood, lymph and interstitial tissues, with complex and varied environments. Amoeboid migration is also used by metastatic cancer cells to aid their migration, dissemination and survival, whereby key mechanisms are hijacked from professionally motile immune cells. We explore important parallels observed between amoeboid immune and cancer cells. We also consider key distinctions that separate the lifespan, state and fate of these cell types as they migrate and/or fulfil their function. Finally, we reflect on unexplored areas of research that would enhance our understanding of how tumour cells use immune cell strategies during metastasis, and how to target these processes.
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Zwimpfer TA, Tal O, Geissler F, Coelho R, Rimmer N, Jacob F, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V. Low grade serous ovarian cancer - A rare disease with increasing therapeutic options. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 112:102497. [PMID: 36525716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) most commonly arise from the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube and harbor TP53 gene mutations. In contrast, low-grade serous ovarian cancers (LGSOCs) appear to have different pathological, epidemiological, and clinical features and should be seen as a distinct serous epithelial ovarian cancer subtype. Our current understanding of LGSOC is limited, and treatment has generally been derived from the more common HGSOCs due to a lack of separate trial data. LGSOCs are characterized by slow tumor growth and are assumed to develop from serous borderline ovarian tumors as precursors. These cancers are often estrogen-receptor positive and show an activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway together with KRAS and BRAF mutations and, rarely, TP53 mutations. These characteristics are now commonly used to guide therapeutical decision making and, consequently, a substantial part of treatment consists of maintenance with endocrine treatment, thus balancing disease stabilization and mild toxicity. Additionally, new trials are ongoing that examine the role of targeted therapies such as MEK inhibitors in combination with endocrine treatments. The purpose of this work is to summarize current knowledge and present ongoing trial efforts for LGSOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor A Zwimpfer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ori Tal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Franziska Geissler
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Rimmer
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Lehner KR, Jiang K, Rincon-Torroella J, Perera R, Bettegowda C. Cerebrospinal Fluid biomarkers in pediatric brain tumors: A systematic review. Neoplasia 2022; 35:100852. [PMID: 36516487 PMCID: PMC9764249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in pediatric patients. Though these tumors typically require invasive surgical procedures to diagnose, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsy presents a potential method for rapid and noninvasive detection of markers of CNS malignancy. To characterize molecular biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of pediatric cancer patients, a literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for the terms biomarkers, liquid biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid, pediatric central nervous system tumor, and their synonyms. Studies including pediatric patients with CSF sampling for tumor evaluation were included. Studies were excluded if they did not have full text or if they were case studies, methodology reports, in languages other than English, or animal studies. Our search revealed 163 articles of which 42 were included. Proteomic, genomic, and small molecule markers associated with CNS tumors were identified for further analysis and development of detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Lehner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kelly Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jordina Rincon-Torroella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ranjan Perera
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA,Corresponding author.
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Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1670-1694. [PMID: 36224343 PMCID: PMC9636149 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistance is a major drawback of molecular targeted therapy, and several strategies have been attempted to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding several targeted therapeutic agents, including classification, a brief biology of target kinases, mechanisms of action, examples of clinically used targeted therapy, and perspectives for future development.
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Bhattarai RS, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Hao C, Deng S, Li W, Mahato RI. pH-sensitive nanomedicine of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor for lung metastatic melanoma. J Control Release 2022; 350:569-583. [PMID: 36037976 PMCID: PMC10322201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule binding agents such as paclitaxel and vincristine have activity in metastatic melanoma. However, even responsive tumors develop resistance, highlighting the need to investigate new drug molecules. Here, we showed that a new compound, CH-2-102, developed by our group, has high anti-tumor efficacy in human and murine melanoma cells. We confirmed that CH-2-102 robustly suppresses the microtubule polymerization process by directly interacting with the colchicine binding site. Our results unveil that CH-2-102 suppresses microtubule polymerization and subsequently induces G2 phase cell arrest as one of the possible mechanisms. Notably, CH-2-102 maintains its efficacy even in the paclitaxel resistance melanoma cells due to different binding sites and a non-Pgp substrate. We developed a pH-responsive drug-polymer Schiff bases linker for high drug loading into nanoparticles (NPs). Our CH-2-102 conjugated NPs induced tumor regression more effectively than Abraxane® (Nab-paclitaxel, N-PTX), free drug, and non-sensitive NPs in B16-F10 cell-derived lung metastasis mouse model. Furthermore, our results suggest that the formulation has a high impact on the in vivo efficacy of the drug and warrants further investigation in other cancers, particularly taxane resistant. In conclusion, the microtubule polymerization inhibitor CH-2-102 conjugated pH-responsive NPs induce tumor regression in lung metastasis melanoma mice, suggesting it may be an effective strategy for treating metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan S Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chen Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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22
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Romano D, García-Gutiérrez L, Aboud N, Duffy DJ, Flaherty KT, Frederick DT, Kolch W, Matallanas D. Proteasomal down-regulation of the proapoptotic MST2 pathway contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201445. [PMID: 36038253 PMCID: PMC9434705 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of MST2 pathway protein expression in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells is due to ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation and prevents MST2-mediated apoptosis. The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is hyperactivated in most malignant melanomas, and mutations in BRAF or NRAS account for most of these cases. BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) are highly efficient for treating patients with BRAFV600E mutations, but tumours frequently acquire resistance within a few months. Multiple resistance mechanisms have been identified, due to mutations or network adaptations that revive ERK signalling. We have previously shown that RAF proteins inhibit the MST2 proapoptotic pathway in a kinase-independent fashion. Here, we have investigated the role of the MST2 pathway in mediating resistance to BRAFi. We show that the BRAFV600E mutant protein, but not the wild-type BRAF protein, binds to MST2 inhibiting its proapoptotic signalling. Down-regulation of MST2 reduces BRAFi-induced apoptosis. In BRAFi-resistant cell lines, MST2 pathway proteins are down-regulated by ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation rendering cells refractory to MST2 pathway–induced apoptosis. Restoration of apoptosis can be achieved by increasing MST2 pathway protein expression using proteasome inhibitors. In summary, we show that the MST2 pathway plays a role in the acquisition of BRAFi resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Romano
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Nourhan Aboud
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biology/Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Li F, Bondra KM, Ghilu S, Studebaker A, Liu Q, Michalek JE, Kogiso M, Li XN, Kalapurakal JA, James CD, Burma S, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ. Regulation of TORC1 by MAPK Signaling Determines Sensitivity and Acquired Resistance to Trametinib in Pediatric BRAFV600E Brain Tumor Models. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3836-3849. [PMID: 35797217 PMCID: PMC10230442 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated why three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) childhood BRAFV600E-mutant brain tumor models are highly sensitive to trametinib. Mechanisms of acquired resistance selected in situ, and approaches to prevent resistance were also examined, which may translate to both low-grade glioma (LGG) molecular subtypes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sensitivity to trametinib [MEK inhibitor (MEKi)] alone or in combination with rapamycin (TORC1 inhibitor), was evaluated in pediatric PDX models. The effect of combined treatment of trametinib with rapamycin on development of trametinib resistance in vivo was examined. PDX tissue and tumor cells from trametinib-resistant xenografts were characterized. RESULTS In pediatric models TORC1 is activated through ERK-mediated inactivation of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC): consequently inhibition of MEK also suppressed TORC1 signaling. Trametinib-induced tumor regression correlated with dual inhibition of MAPK/TORC1 signaling, and decoupling TORC1 regulation from BRAF/MAPK control conferred trametinib resistance. In mice, acquired resistance to trametinib developed within three cycles of therapy in all three PDX models. Resistance to trametinib developed in situ is tumor-cell-intrinsic and the mechanism was tumor line specific. Rapamycin retarded or blocked development of resistance. CONCLUSIONS In these three pediatric BRAF-mutant brain tumors, TORC1 signaling is controlled by the MAPK cascade. Trametinib suppressed both MAPK/TORC1 pathways leading to tumor regression. While low-dose intermittent rapamycin to enhance inhibition of TORC1 only modestly enhanced the antitumor activity of trametinib, it prevented or retarded development of trametinib resistance, suggesting future therapeutic approaches using rapamycin analogs in combination with MEKis that may be therapeutically beneficial in both KIAA1549::BRAF- and BRAFV600E-driven gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Li
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kathryn M. Bondra
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Samson Ghilu
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Adam Studebaker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joel E. Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John A. Kalapurakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C. David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
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24
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Kalitin NN, Ektova LV, Kostritsa NS, Sivirinova AS, Kostarev AV, Smirnova GB, Borisova YA, Golubeva IS, Ermolaeva EV, Vergun MA, Babaeva MA, Lushnikova AA, Karamysheva AF. A novel glycosylated indolocarbazole derivative LCS1269 effectively inhibits growth of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through driving of both apoptosis and senescence by inducing of DNA damage and modulating of AKT/mTOR/S6K and ERK pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 364:110056. [PMID: 35872044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, indolocarbazole glycosides containing sugar moieties have attracted attention due to their diverse anti-tumor activities. In the present study, a series of new indolo [2,3-a]pyrrolo [3,4-c]carbazole derivatives were synthesized for the first time. First of all, we have shown that compound 6e (LCS1269) had the most pronounced effect on inhibiting tumor growth in the transferable solid and non-solid murine tumors as compared with other synthesized indolocarbazole derivatives. The results of the in vivo nude mice xenoraft study also confirmed that LCS1269 treatment strongly suppressed the growth of human colon cancer SW620 xenografts. It is important to note that the antiproliferative activity of LCS1269 against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116 and A549) was considerably higher than that against the non-tumor cell lines (immortalized breast cells and normal embryonic fibroblasts). Furthermore, the treatment of MCF-7, HCT-116 and A549 cells with LCS1269 caused the statistically significant inhibition of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colony formation. We further revealed that LCS1269 treatment of investigated human cancer cells resulted in the DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent initiation of intrinsic apoptosis and the triggering of senescence via p53-dependent mechanisms. In addition, our western blotting findings and molecular docking data suppose that LCS1269 could at least partially attenuate cancer cells growth by modulation of AKT/mTOR/S6K and ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, we concluded that LCS1269 might be the promising compound for implementation and probable use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay N Kalitin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lidia V Ektova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Kostritsa
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Galina B Smirnova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Borisova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S Golubeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elisaveta V Ermolaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Vergun
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Babaeva
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Lushnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida F Karamysheva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
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25
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TGF-β, to target or not to target; to prevent thyroid cancer progression? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188752. [PMID: 35728736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common endocrine cancer with a rising incidence. Current treatment fails to eliminate aggressive thyroid tumours, prompting an investigation into the processes that cause disease progression. In this review, we provide insight into TGF-β driven epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), summarizing the current literature surrounding thyroid carcinogenesis, and discuss the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting the TGF-β signalling pathway. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that regulate cancer stem cell (CSC) growth and TGF-β signalling may provide novel therapeutic approaches for highly resistant TCs.
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26
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Liquid biopsy: early and accurate diagnosis of brain tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2347-2373. [PMID: 35451698 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive examination is an emerging area in the field of neuro-oncology. Liquid biopsy captures the landscape of genomic alterations of brain tumors and revolutionizes the traditional diagnosis approaches. Rapidly changing sequencing technologies and more affordable prices put the screws on more application of liquid biopsy in clinical settings. In the past few years, extensive application of liquid biopsy has been seen throughout the whole diagnosis and treatment process of brain tumors, including early and accurate detection, characterization and dynamic monitoring. Here, we summarized and compared the most advanced techniques and target molecules or macrostructures related to brain tumor liquid biopsy. We further reviewed and emphasized recent progression in different clinical settings for brain tumors in blood and CSF. The preferred protocol, potential novel biomarkers and future development are discussed in the last part.
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27
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Grela-Wojewoda A, Pacholczak-Madej R, Adamczyk A, Korman M, Püsküllüoğlu M. Cardiotoxicity Induced by Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052815. [PMID: 35269958 PMCID: PMC8910876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors (KIs) represent a growing class of drugs directed at various protein kinases and used in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It is a heterogeneous group of compounds that are widely applied not only in different types of tumors but also in tumors that are positive for a specific predictive factor. This review summarizes common cardiotoxic effects of KIs, including hypertension, arrhythmias with bradycardia and QTc prolongation, and cardiomyopathy that can lead to heart failure, as well as less common effects such as fluid retention, ischemic heart disease, and elevated risk of thromboembolic events. The guidelines for cardiac monitoring and management of the most common cardiotoxic effects of protein KIs are discussed. Potential signaling pathways affected by KIs and likely contributing to cardiac damage are also described. Finally, the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity of these drugs is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grela-Wojewoda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland; (R.P.-M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-1263-48350
| | - Renata Pacholczak-Madej
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland; (R.P.-M.); (M.P.)
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Michał Korman
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Mirosława Püsküllüoğlu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Kraków, Poland; (R.P.-M.); (M.P.)
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28
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Investigating a clinically actionable BRAF mutation for monitoring low-grade serous ovarian cancer: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2022; 34:e00395. [PMID: 35198414 PMCID: PMC8851090 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2022.e00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) poses a specific clinical challenge due to advanced presentation at diagnosis and the lack of effective systemic treatments. The aim of this study was to use a precision medicine approach to identify clinically actionable mutations in a patient with recurrent LGSOC. Primary, metastatic and recurrence tissue, and blood samples were collected from a stage IV LGSOC patient. Single-gene testing for clinically actionable mutations (BRAF V600, KRAS and NRAS) and subsequent whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed. Droplet digital PCR was used to evaluate the presence of an identified BRAF D594G mutation in the matched plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). No clinically actionable mutations were identified using single-gene testing. WES identified a BRAF D594G mutation in six of seven tumor samples. The patient was commenced on a MEK inhibitor, trametinib, but with minimal clinical response. A newly designed ddPCR assay detected the BRAF alteration in the matched tissues and liquid biopsy cfDNA. The identification and sensitive plasma detection of a common “druggable” target emphasises the impact of precision medicine on the management of rare tumors and its potential contribution to novel monitoring regimens in this field. First report of BRAF D594G mutation in multiple samples of a recurrent LGSOC patient. Discovery of a BRAF actionable mutation expands the range of LGSOC therapeutic options. ddPCR assay allows sensitive detection of the mutation in tissue and plasma samples.
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29
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Jackson KJ, Emmons KR, Nickitas DM. Role of Primary Care in Detection of Subsequent Primary Cancers. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Yao K, Zhou E, Cheng C. A B-Raf V600E gene signature for melanoma predicts prognosis and reveals sensitivity to targeted therapies. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1232-1243. [PMID: 35044091 PMCID: PMC8855909 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-Raf V600E mutations account for about half of all skin cutaneous melanoma cases, and patients with this mutation are sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. However, aberrations in other genes in the MAPK/ERK pathway may cascade a similar effect as B-Raf V600E mutations, rendering those patients sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. We rationalized that defining a signature based on B-Raf pathway activity may be more informative for prognosis and drug sensitivity prediction than a binary indicator such as mutation status. METHODS In this study, we defined a B-Raf signature score using RNA-seq data from TCGA. A higher score is shown to not only predict B-Raf mutation status, but also predict other aberrations that could similarly activate the MAPK/ERK pathway, such as B-Raf amplification, RAS mutation, and EGFR amplification. RESULTS We showed that patients dichotomized by the median B-Raf score is more significantly stratified than by other metrics of measuring B-Raf aberration, such as mutation status, gene expression, and protein expression. We also demonstrated that high B-Raf score predicts higher sensitivity to B-Raf inhibitors SB590885 and PLX4720, as expected, but also correlated with sensitivity to drugs targeting other relevant oncogenic pathways. CONCLUSION The BRAF signature may better help guide targeted therapy for melanoma, and such a framework can be applied to other cancers and mutations to provide more information than mutation status alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Emily Zhou
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Institute for Clinical and Transcriptional ResearchBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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31
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Martinez R, Huang W, Buck H, Rea S, Defnet AE, Kane MA, Shapiro P. Proteomic Changes in the Monolayer and Spheroid Melanoma Cell Models of Acquired Resistance to BRAF and MEK1/2 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3293-3311. [PMID: 35128241 PMCID: PMC8811929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway inhibitors are important therapies for treating many cancers. However, acquired resistance to most protein kinase inhibitors limits their ability to provide durable responses. Approximately 50% of malignant melanomas contain activating mutations in BRAF, which promotes cancer cell survival through the direct phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK/ERK 1/2 (MEK1/2) and the activation of ERK1/2. Although the combination treatment with BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors is a recommended approach to treat melanoma, the development of drug resistance remains a barrier to achieving long-term patient benefits. Few studies have compared the global proteomic changes in BRAF/MEK1/2 inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells under different growth conditions. The current study uses high-resolution label-free mass spectrometry to compare relative protein changes in BRAF/MEK1/2 inhibitor-resistant A375 melanoma cells grown as monolayers or spheroids. While approximately 66% of proteins identified were common in the monolayer and spheroid cultures, only 6.2 or 3.6% of proteins that significantly increased or decreased, respectively, were common between the drug-resistant monolayer and spheroid cells. Drug-resistant monolayers showed upregulation of ERK-independent signaling pathways, whereas drug-resistant spheroids showed primarily elevated catabolic metabolism to support oxidative phosphorylation. These studies highlight the similarities and differences between monolayer and spheroid cell models in identifying actionable targets to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Martinez
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Heather Buck
- Nathan
Schnaper Internship Program in Translational Cancer Research, Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22S. Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Samantha Rea
- Nathan
Schnaper Internship Program in Translational Cancer Research, Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22S. Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Amy E. Defnet
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
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32
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Potential of Withaferin-A, Withanone and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl ester as ATP-competitive inhibitors of BRAF: A bioinformatics study. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 3:301-311. [PMID: 35028596 PMCID: PMC8714769 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) plays a significant role in regulating cell division and proliferation through MAPK/ERK pathway. The constitutive expression of wild-type BRAF (BRAFWT) and its mutant forms, especially V600E (BRAFV600E), has been linked to multiple cancers. Various synthetic drugs have been approved and are in clinical trials, but most of them are reported to become ineffective within a short duration. Therefore, combinational therapy involving multiple drugs are often recruited for cancer treatment. However, they lead to toxicity and adverse side effects. In this computational study, we have investigated three natural compounds, namely Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl ester (CAPE) for anti-BRAFWT and anti-BRAFV600E activity. We found that these compounds could bind stably at ATP-binding site in both BRAFWT and BRAFV600E proteins. In-depth analysis revealed that these compounds maintained the active conformation of wild-type BRAF protein by inducing αC-helix-In, DFG-In, extended activation segment and well-aligned R-spine residues similar to already known drugs Vemurafenib (VEM), BGB283 and Ponatinib. In terms of binding energy, among the natural compounds, CAPE showed better affinity towards both wild-type and V600E mutant proteins than the other two compounds. These data suggested that CAPE, Wi-A and Wi-N have potential to block constitutive autophosphorylation of BRAF and hence warrant in vitro and in vivo experimental validation. Out of all the human cancers approximately 8% involve BRAF mutations. The 40–50% of the commercialized drugs in the market are from the natural sources or inspired by it. Three natural compounds Withaferin-A , Withanone and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have been studied against BRAF. CAPE binds with higher binding affinity with BRAF wild type protein and BRAF V600E mutant protein than other natural compounds.
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33
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Zhong J, Yan W, Wang C, Liu W, Lin X, Zou Z, Sun W, Chen Y. BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma: Mechanisms and Alternative Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1503-1521. [PMID: 36181568 PMCID: PMC9596525 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Melanoma is caused by a variety of somatic mutations, and among these mutations, BRAF mutation occurs most frequently and has routinely been evaluated as a critical diagnostic biomarker in clinical practice. The introduction of targeted agents for BRAF-mutant melanoma has significantly improved overall survival in a large proportion of patients. However, there is BRAF inhibitor resistance in most patients, and its mechanisms are complicated and need further clarification. Additionally, treatment approaches to overcome resistance have evolved rapidly, shifting from monotherapy to multimodality treatment, which has dramatically improved patient outcomes in clinical trials and practice. This review highlights the mechanisms of BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma and discusses the current state of its therapeutic approaches that can be further explored in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Zhong
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Zou
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
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Giotta Lucifero A, Elbabaa SK, Baldoncini M, Bruno N, Savasta S, Marseglia GL, Luzzi S. Novel "T-Dimension" Therapies for Pediatric Optic Pathway Glioma: A Timely, Targeted, and Tailored Treatment Trend. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022; 57:161-174. [PMID: 35588700 DOI: 10.1159/000524873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel targeted and tailored therapies can substantially improve the prognosis for optic pathway glioma (OPG), especially when implemented in a timely manner. However, their tremendous potential remains underestimated. Therefore, in this study, we provide an updated overview of the clinical trials, current trends, and future perspectives for OPG's novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS We completed an extensive literature review using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We analyzed and reported the data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine/vinblastine, as well as cisplatin-etoposide, provided excellent results in advanced-phase trials. Selumetinib and trametinib, two oral MEK inhibitors, have been approved for recurrent or refractory OPGs in association with the angiogenetic inhibitor bevacizumab. Among the mTOR inhibitors, everolimus and sirolimus showed the best results. Stereotactic radiosurgery and proton beam radiation therapy have advantages over conventional radiotherapy regimens. Timely treatment is imperative for acute visual symptoms with evidence of tumor progression. This latest evidence can help define a novel "T-Dimension" for pediatric OPG therapies. CONCLUSION The novel "T-Dimension" for pediatric OPGs is based on recent evidence-based treatments, including combination chemotherapy regimens, molecular targeted therapies, stereotactic radiosurgery, and proton beam radiation therapy. Additional clinical trials are essential for validating each of these new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samer K Elbabaa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matias Baldoncini
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomic Microsurgical-LaNeMic-II Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nunzio Bruno
- Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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35
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Mason LD, Chava S, Reddi KK, Gupta R. The BRD9/7 Inhibitor TP-472 Blocks Melanoma Tumor Growth by Suppressing ECM-Mediated Oncogenic Signaling and Inducing Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215516. [PMID: 34771678 PMCID: PMC8582741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for the majority of all skin cancer-related deaths and only 1/3rd of melanoma patients with distal metastasis survive beyond five years. However, current therapies including BRAF/MEK targeted therapies or immunotherapies only benefit a subset of melanoma patients due to the emergence of intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. Effective treatment of melanoma will thus require new and more effective therapeutic agents. Towards the goal of identifying new therapeutic agents, we conducted an unbiased, druggable epigenetic drug screen using a library of 32 epigenetic inhibitors obtained from the Structural Genome Consortium that targets proteins encoding for epigenetic regulators. This chemical genetic screening identified TP-472, which targets bromodomain-7/9, as the strongest inhibitor of melanoma growth in both short- and long-term survival assays and in mouse models of melanoma tumor growth. Mechanistically, using a transcriptome-wide mRNA sequencing profile we identified TP-472 treatment downregulates genes encoding various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including integrins, collagens, and fibronectins. Reactome-based functional pathway analyses revealed that many of the ECM proteins are involved in extracellular matrix interactions required for cancer cell growth and proliferation. TP-472 treatment also upregulated several pro-apoptotic genes that can inhibit melanoma growth. Collectively, our results identify BRD7/9 inhibitor TP-472 as a potentially useful therapeutic agent for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence David Mason
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Kiran Kumar Reddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-6207
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36
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Zhang Q, Feng A, Zeng M, Zhang B, Shi J, Lv Y, Cao B, Zhao C, Wang M, Ding Y, Zheng X. Chrysosplenol D protects mice against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via TLR4-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways. Innate Immun 2021; 27:514-524. [PMID: 34806444 PMCID: PMC8762090 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect and mechanism of chrysosplenol D (CD) on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Histological changes in the lungs were measured by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress were detected by the cuvette assay. Immune cells in peripheral blood, the levels of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis of primary lung cells were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β, and NLRP3 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of proteins in apoptosis and the TLR4-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways were detected by Western blot. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that CD could improve lung injury; decrease the levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and cell apoptosis; and regulate the immune system. Moreover, CD could down-regulate the mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung, and the protein levels of Keap-1, Cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3, Cleaved-Caspase-9/Caspase-9, TLR4, MyD88, p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38, p-p65/p65, NLRP3, and IL-1β, and up-regulated the levels of Bcl-2/Bax, p-Nrf2/Nrf2, and HO-1. The results suggested that CD could protect mice against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the TLR4-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aozi Feng
- Department of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingya Shi
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Lv
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Zhao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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37
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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38
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Teo MYM, Fong JY, Lim WM, In LLA. Current Advances and Trends in KRAS Targeted Therapies for Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:30-44. [PMID: 34462329 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) gene somatic point mutations is one of the most prominently mutated proto-oncogenes known to date, and accounts for approximately 60% of all colorectal cancer cases. One of the most exciting drug development areas against colorectal cancer is the targeting of undruggable kinases and kinase-substrate molecules, although whether and how they can be integrated with other therapies remains a question. Current clinical trial data have provided supporting evidence on the use of combination treatment involving MEK inhibitors and either one of the PI3K inhibitors for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to avoid the development of resistance and provide effective therapeutic outcome rather than using a single agent alone. Many clinical trials are also ongoing to evaluate different combinations of these pathway inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer whose current palliative treatment options are limited. Nevertheless, continued assessment of these targeted cancer therapies will eventually allow patients with colorectal cancer to be treated using a personalized medicine approach. In this review, the most recent scientific approaches and clinical trials targeting KRAS mutations directly or indirectly for the management of colorectal cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Yin Fong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ming Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel Lian Aun In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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39
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Sun H, Cao S, Mashl RJ, Mo CK, Zaccaria S, Wendl MC, Davies SR, Bailey MH, Primeau TM, Hoog J, Mudd JL, Dean DA, Patidar R, Chen L, Wyczalkowski MA, Jayasinghe RG, Rodrigues FM, Terekhanova NV, Li Y, Lim KH, Wang-Gillam A, Van Tine BA, Ma CX, Aft R, Fuh KC, Schwarz JK, Zevallos JP, Puram SV, Dipersio JF, Davis-Dusenbery B, Ellis MJ, Lewis MT, Davies MA, Herlyn M, Fang B, Roth JA, Welm AL, Welm BE, Meric-Bernstam F, Chen F, Fields RC, Li S, Govindan R, Doroshow JH, Moscow JA, Evrard YA, Chuang JH, Raphael BJ, Ding L. Comprehensive characterization of 536 patient-derived xenograft models prioritizes candidatesfor targeted treatment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5086. [PMID: 34429404 PMCID: PMC8384880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of candidate cancer treatments is a resource-intensive process, with the research community continuing to investigate options beyond static genomic characterization. Toward this goal, we have established the genomic landscapes of 536 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models across 25 cancer types, together with mutation, copy number, fusion, transcriptomic profiles, and NCI-MATCH arms. Compared with human tumors, PDXs typically have higher purity and fit to investigate dynamic driver events and molecular properties via multiple time points from same case PDXs. Here, we report on dynamic genomic landscapes and pharmacogenomic associations, including associations between activating oncogenic events and drugs, correlations between whole-genome duplications and subclone events, and the potential PDX models for NCI-MATCH trials. Lastly, we provide a web portal having comprehensive pan-cancer PDX genomic profiles and source code to facilitate identification of more druggable events and further insights into PDXs' recapitulation of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Song Cao
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - R. Jay Mashl
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group and Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael C. Wendl
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Sherri R. Davies
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Matthew H. Bailey
- grid.412722.00000 0004 0515 3663Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Tina M. Primeau
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jeremy Hoog
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jacqueline L. Mudd
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Dennis A. Dean
- grid.492568.4Seven Bridges Genomics, Inc., Cambridge, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Rajesh Patidar
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Li Chen
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Matthew A. Wyczalkowski
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Reyka G. Jayasinghe
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Fernanda Martins Rodrigues
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Nadezhda V. Terekhanova
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Yize Li
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Rebecca Aft
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Katherine C. Fuh
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Julie K. Schwarz
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - John F. Dipersio
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Ellis
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XLester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XLester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael A. Davies
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- grid.251075.40000 0001 1956 6678The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jack A. Roth
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alana L. Welm
- grid.412722.00000 0004 0515 3663Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Bryan E. Welm
- grid.412722.00000 0004 0515 3663Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Moscow
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yvonne A. Evrard
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Chuang
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Benjamin J. Raphael
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Li Ding
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
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Andreucci E, Laurenzana A, Peppicelli S, Biagioni A, Margheri F, Ruzzolini J, Bianchini F, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M, Nediani C, Serratì S, Fucci L, Guida M, Calorini L. uPAR controls vasculogenic mimicry ability expressed by drug-resistant melanoma cells. Oncol Res 2021; 28:873-884. [PMID: 34315564 PMCID: PMC8790129 DOI: 10.3727/096504021x16273798026651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer characterized by an elevated grade of tumor cell plasticity. Such plasticity allows melanoma cells adaptation to different hostile conditions and guarantees tumor survival and disease progression, including aggressive features such as drug resistance. Indeed, almost 50% of melanoma rapidly develop resistance to the BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib, with fast tumor dissemination, a devastating consequence for patients' outcomes. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the ability of cancer cells to organize themselves in perfused vascular-like channels, might sustain tumor spread by providing vemurafenib-resistant cancer cells with supplementary ways to enter into circulation and disseminate. Thus, this research aims to determine if vemurafenib resistance goes with the acquisition of VM ability by aggressive melanoma cells, and identify a driving molecule for both vemurafenib resistance and VM. We used two independent experimental models of drug-resistant melanoma cells, the first one represented by a chronic adaptation of melanoma cells to extracellular acidosis, known to drive a particularly aggressive and vemurafenib-resistant phenotype, the second one generated with chronic vemurafenib exposure. By performing in vitro tube formation assay and evaluating the expression levels of the VM markers EphA2 and VE-cadherin by western blotting and flow cytometer analyses, we demonstrated that vemurafenib-resistant cells obtained by both models are characterized by an increased ability to perform VM. Moreover, by exploiting the CRISPR-Cas9 technique and using the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) inhibitor M25, we identified uPAR as a driver of VM expressed by vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Thus, uPAR targeting may be successfully leveraged as a new complementary therapy to inhibit VM in drug-resistant melanoma patients, to counteract the rapid progression and dissemination of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of Nanotecnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- Pathology Department, IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare tumors and Melnaoma Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
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41
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Precision Medicine for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: the Evolution and Status of Molecular Profiling and Biomarkers. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-021-00466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Portelinha A, Thompson S, Smith RA, Da Silva Ferreira M, Asgari Z, Knezevic A, Seshan V, de Stanchina E, Gupta S, Denis L, Younes A, Reddy S. ASN007 is a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor with preferential activity against RAS-and RAF-mutant tumors. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100350. [PMID: 34337566 PMCID: PMC8324497 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) offers a promising therapeutic strategy in cancers harboring activated RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Here, we describe an orally bioavailable and selective ERK1/2 inhibitor, ASN007, currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. In preclinical studies, ASN007 shows strong antiproliferative activity in tumors harboring mutations in BRAF and RAS (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS). ASN007 demonstrates activity in a BRAFV600E mutant melanoma tumor model that is resistant to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. The PI3K inhibitor copanlisib enhances the antiproliferative activity of ASN007 both in vitro and in vivo due to dual inhibition of RAS/MAPK and PI3K survival pathways. Our data provide a rationale for evaluating ASN007 in RAS/RAF-driven tumors as well as a mechanistic basis for combining ASN007 with PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Portelinha
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Chanda M, Cohen MS. Advances in the discovery and development of melanoma drug therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1319-1347. [PMID: 34157926 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1942834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic strategies for melanoma have evolved significantly over the last decade shifting from cytotoxic chemotherapies like dacarbazine to targeted therapies and immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. These new drug therapies have improved overall as well as progression-free survival, lowering the mortality of this cancer for melanoma patients with advanced disease. Newer strategies incorporate combination therapies that harness synergies between mechanisms of anticancer efficacy as well as help overcome resistance issues of monotherapies, which remain a challenge. AREAS COVERED This review looks at each class of drug therapy for melanoma and provides an overview of the preclinical mechanism of action, the clinical efficacy data, and their applications in combination therapy regimens. NCCN treatment guidelines, safety, toxicity, and immune-related adverse events are also described as well as a note on cost. EXPERT OPINION Numerous ongoing trials continue to evaluate the role of novel therapies and combinations for this challenging disease and understanding their mechanism of action, risks, benefits, and treatment guidelines can help care providers and patients have a more comprehensive and tailored discussion of treatment options and expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Chanda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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44
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Majeed U, Manochakian R, Zhao Y, Lou Y. Targeted therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current advances and future trends. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:108. [PMID: 34238332 PMCID: PMC8264982 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women in the US and worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common variety accounting for 84% of the cases. For a subset of patients with actionable mutations, targeted therapy continues to provide durable responses. Advances in molecular and immunohistochemical techniques have made it possible to usher lung cancer into the era of personalized medicine, with the patient getting individualized treatment based on these markers. This review summarizes the recent advances in advanced NSCLC targeted therapy, focusing on first-in-human and early phase I/II clinical trials in patients with advanced disease. We have divided our discussion into different topics based on these agents' mechanisms of action. This article is aimed to be the most current review of available and upcoming targeted NSCLC treatment options. We will also summarize the currently available phase I/II clinical trial for NSCLC patients at the end of each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Majeed
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rami Manochakian
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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45
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Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome like reaction with angioedema and hypotension associated with BRAF inhibitor use and antecedent immune checkpoint therapy. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 13:147-151. [PMID: 34195327 PMCID: PMC8234355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Badrock AP, Hurlstone A. Dissecting Oncogenic RAS Signaling in Melanoma Development in Genetically Engineered Zebrafish Models. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2262:411-422. [PMID: 33977492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-activation of RAS signaling pathways causes cancer, including melanoma, and RAS signaling pathways have been successfully targeted using drugs for patient benefit. The available drugs alone cannot cure cancer, however, and so investigation continues into RAS signaling pathways, with the goal of identifying further actionable targets. The zebrafish can be used to model human malignancies, and genetic modification of zebrafish to incorporate selective disease-associated genetic alterations is practicable. The following article describes the methods we are using to genetically modify zebrafish in order to dissect oncogenic RAS signaling in melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Badrock
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Sanchez JN, Subramanian C, Chanda M, Gary S, Zhang N, Wang T, Timmermann BN, Blagg BS, Cohen MS. A novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor KU758 synergizes efficacy in combination with BRAF or MEK inhibitors and targets drug-resistant pathways in BRAF-mutant melanomas. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:197-207. [PMID: 33904516 PMCID: PMC10565508 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma remains the most aggressive and fatal form of skin cancer, despite several FDA-approved targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapies for use in advanced disease. Of the 100 350 new patients diagnosed with melanoma in 2020 in the US, more than half will develop metastatic disease leading to a 5-year survival rate <30%, with a majority of these developing drug-resistance within the first year of treatment. These statistics underscore the critical need in the field to develop more durable therapeutics as well as those that can overcome chemotherapy-induced drug resistance from currently approved agents. Fortunately, several of the drug-resistance pathways in melanoma, including the proteins in those pathways, rely in part on Hsp90 chaperone function. This presents a unique and novel opportunity to simultaneously target multiple proteins and drug-resistant pathways in this disease via molecular chaperone inhibition. Taken together, we hypothesize that our novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor, KU758, in combination with the current standard of care targeted therapies (e.g. vemurafenib and cobimetinib) can both synergize melanoma treatment efficacy in BRAF-mutant tumors, as well as target and overcome several major resistance pathways in this disease. Using in vitro proliferation and protein-based Western Blot analyses, our novel inhibitor, KU758, potently inhibited melanoma cell proliferation (without induction of the heat shock response) in vitro and synergized with both BRAF and MEK inhibitors in inhibition of cell migration and protein expression from resistance pathways. Overall, our work provides early support for further translation of C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor combinations as a novel therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackee N. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Monica Chanda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shanguan Gary
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ton Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Brian S.J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Stagno A, Vari S, Annovazzi A, Anelli V, Russillo M, Cognetti F, Ferraresi V. Case Report: Rechallenge With BRAF and MEK Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma: A Further Therapeutic Option in Salvage Setting? Front Oncol 2021; 11:645008. [PMID: 34136385 PMCID: PMC8202400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors represents the standard of care treatment for patients with metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma, notwithstanding the high frequency of emergent resistance. Moreover, therapeutic options outside clinical trials are scarce when patients have progressed after both targeted therapy and therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, we report our experience with targeted therapy rechallenging with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma after progression with kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. Methods Four patients with metastatic BRAF-mutated melanoma were rechallenged with BRAF and MEK inhibitors after progression with targeted therapy and subsequent immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors). Results Two patients (one of them was heavily pretreated) had partial response over 36 months (with local treatment on oligoprogression disease) and 10 months, respectively. A third patient with multisite visceral disease and high serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase had a short-lived clinical benefit rapidly followed by massive progression of disease (early progressor). The fourth patient, currently on treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, is showing a clinical benefit and radiological stable disease over 3 months of therapy. Adverse events were manageable, similar to those reported during the first targeted therapy; the treatment was better tolerated at rechallenge compared with the first treatment by two out of four patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stagno
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vari
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Annovazzi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Anelli
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Russillo
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Nunes PSG, da Silva G, Nascimento S, Mantoani SP, de Andrade P, Bernardes ES, Kawano DF, Leopoldino AM, Carvalho I. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel 1,2,3-triazole-quinazolines as antiproliferative agents displaying ERK inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104982. [PMID: 34020277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ERK1/2 inhibitors have attracted special attention concerning the ability of circumventing cases of innate or log-term acquired resistance to RAF and MEK kinase inhibitors. Based on the 4-aminoquinazoline pharmacophore of kinases, herein we describe the synthesis of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives bearing a 1,2,3-triazole stable core to bridge different aromatic and heterocyclic rings using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) as a Click Chemistry strategy. The initial screening of twelve derivatives in tumoral cells (CAL-27, HN13, HGC-27, and BT-20) revealed that the most active in BT-20 cells (25a, IC50 24.6 μM and a SI of 3.25) contains a more polar side chain (sulfone). Furthermore, compound 25a promoted a significant release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggesting the induction of cell death by necrosis. In addition, this compound induced G0/G1 stalling in BT-20 cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in the S phase. Western blot analysis of the levels of p-STAT3, p-ERK, PARP, p53 and cleaved caspase-3 revealed p-ERK1/2 and p-STA3 were drastically decreased in BT-20 cells under 25a incubation, suggesting the involvement of these two kinases in the mechanisms underlying 25a-induced cell cycle arrest, besides loss of proliferation and viability of the breast cancer cell. Molecular docking simulations using the ERK-ulixertinib crystallographic complex showed compound 25a could potentially compete with ATP for binding to ERK in a slightly higher affinity than the reference ERK1/2 inhibitor. Further in silico analyses showed comparable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles for compound 25a in relation to ulixertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Nascimento
- Radiopharmacy Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peterson de Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Radiopharmacy Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fábio Kawano
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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50
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Wang N, Wen J, Ren W, Wu Y, Deng C. Upregulation of TRIB2 by Wnt/β-catenin activation in BRAF V600E papillary thyroid carcinoma cells confers resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:155-164. [PMID: 33860836 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BRAFV600E mutation is an oncogenic driver associated with aggressive tumor behaviors and increased mortality among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Although the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib gave promising results in BRAFV600E-mutant PTC, resistance development remains a major clinical challenge. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in PTC. METHODS Two vemurafenib-resistant PTC cell lines (KTC1 and BCPAP) were established by continuous treatment with vemurafenib for 5 months. The knockdown and upregulation of Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) in PTC cells were achieved by the transfection with short hairpin RNA against TRIB2 or recombinant lentiviral vector carrying TRIB2, respectively. The β-catenin inhibitor, ICG-001, was used for the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PTC cells. RESULTS Vemurafenib-resistant PTC cells showed higher TRIB2 expression, upregulated ERK and AKT activation, enhanced invasive capacity, and increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition compared to the drug-sensitive groups. TRIB2 knockdown repressed the activation of ERK and AKT, inhibited invasion and EMT, and induced apoptosis of PTC cells. TRIB2 deficiency also enhanced the sensitivity of both PTC cells to vemurafenib. Vemurafenib-resistant PTC cells showed elevated expression of β-catenin in both cytoplasm and nucleus. The pre-incubation of cells with β-catenin inhibitor significantly inhibited TRIB2 expression, suppressed EMT, and repressed the activation of ERK and AKT in vemurafenib-resistant cells. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the upregulation of TRIB2 by the Wnt/β-catenin activation confers resistance to vemurafenib in PTC with BRAFV600 mutation. These findings support the potential use of TRIB2 as a therapeutic target for resistant PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Ultrasonic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chaonan Deng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
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