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Mudde ACA, Kuo CY, Kohn DB, Booth C. What a Clinician Needs to Know About Genome Editing: Status and Opportunities for Inborn Errors of Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1139-1149. [PMID: 38246560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, gene editing has emerged as a novel form of gene therapy. Since the publication of the first potentially therapeutic gene editing platform for genetic disorders, increasingly sophisticated editing technologies have been developed. As with viral vector-mediated gene addition, inborn errors of immunity are excellent candidate diseases for a corrective autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene editing strategy. Research on gene editing for inborn errors of immunity is still entirely preclinical, with no trials yet underway. However, with editing techniques maturing, scientists are investigating this novel form of gene therapy in context of an increasing number of inborn errors of immunity. Here, we present an overview of these studies and the recent progress moving these technologies closer to clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C A Mudde
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Y Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Claire Booth
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Liang T, Cen L, Wang J, Cheng M, Guo W, Wang W, Yu C, Zhang H, Wang Y, Hao Z, Jin J, Wu Y, Jiang T, Zhu Q, Xu Y. Discovery of novel dual Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitors as a promising strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117354. [PMID: 37944414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronically systemic autoimmune disorder, which is related with various cellular signal pathways. Both BTK (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase) and JAK3 (Janus Kinase 3) play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we reported the discovery of dual BTK/JAK3 inhibitors through bioisosterism and computer-aided drug design based on the structure of BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. We reported the discovery of dual BTK/JAK3 inhibitors which are based on the structure of BTK inhibitor ibrutinib via the method of bioisosterism and computer-aided drug design) Most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to strong inhibitory activities against BTK and JAK3. Among them, compound XL-12 stood out as the most promising candidate targeting BTK and JAK3 with potent inhibitory activities (IC50 = 2.0 nM and IC50 = 14.0 nM respectively). In the in vivo studies, compound XL-12 (40 mg/kg) exhibited more potent antiarthritic activity than ibrutinib (10 mg/kg) in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model. Furthermore, compound XL-12 (LD50 > 1600 mg/kg) exerted improved safety compared with ibrutinib (LD50 = 750 mg/kg). These results indicated that compound XL-12, the dual BTK/JAK3 inhibitor, might be a potent drug candidate for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lifang Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weibo Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chunqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Xi'an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd. Xian, 710077, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Xi'an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd. Xian, 710077, China
| | - Zhongyan Hao
- Xi'an Xintong Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd. Xian, 710077, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Song Y, Wu SJ, Shen Z, Zhao D, Chan TSY, Huang H, Qiu L, Li J, Tan TD, Zhu J, Song Y, Huang WH, Zhao W, Liu HSY, Xu W, Chen N, Ma J, Chang CS, Tse EWC. Chinese expert consensus on Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:92. [PMID: 37845755 PMCID: PMC10578030 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy with Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with various B-cell malignancies. BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, orelabrutinib, and acalabrutinib have shown good clinical efficacy and better safety profiles than those of traditional chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Multiple studies on new BTK inhibitors are ongoing, which may provide more therapeutic options for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Considering the unmet need of evidence on BTK inhibitors in all clinical settings and to standardize the use of BTK inhibitors available in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau regions, this consensus has been formulated for the treatment of various B-cell malignancies based on the clinical practice and available evidences on the use of BTK inhibitors. The recommendations of this consensus will provide guidance to physicians and clinical researchers on the effective treatment of B-cell malignancies with BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Song
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, China
| | - Zhixiang Shen
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglu Zhao
- Harbin Hematology and Oncology Institute, Heilongjiang, 150007, China
| | | | | | - Lugui Qiu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tran-der Tan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taiwan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naizhi Chen
- Macau Society of Hematology and Oncology, Macau, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Harbin Hematology and Oncology Institute, Heilongjiang, 150007, China.
| | - Cheng-Shyong Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, China.
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, China.
| | - Eric Wai Choi Tse
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Yu D, Yang L, Li L, He Y, Shi J. Recent research of BTK inhibitors: Methods of structural design, pharmacological activities, manmade derivatives and structure-activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106577. [PMID: 37178649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases constitute the largest group within the kinase family, and mutations and translocations of protein kinases due to genetic alterations are intimately linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the protein kinases and plays a pivotal role in the development and function of B cells. BTK belongs to the tyrosine TEC family. The aberrant activation of BTK is closely associated with the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma. Consequently, BTK has always been a critical target for treating hematological malignancies. To date, two generations of small-molecule covalent irreversible BTK inhibitors have been employed to treat malignant B-cell tumors, and have exhibited clinical efficacy in hitherto refractory diseases. However, these drugs are covalent BTK inhibitors, which inevitably lead to drug resistance after prolonged use, resulting in poor tolerance in patients. The third-generation non-covalent BTK inhibitor Pirtobrutinib has obtained approval for marketing in the United States, thereby circumventing drug resistance caused by C481 mutation. Currently, enhancing safety and tolerance constitutes the primary issue in developing novel BTK inhibitors. This article systematically summarizes recently discovered covalent and non-covalent BTK inhibitors and classifies them according to their structures. This article also provides a detailed discussion of binding modes, structural features, pharmacological activities, advantages and limitations of typical compounds within each structure type, providing valuable references and insights for developing safer, more effective and more targeted BTK inhibitors in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Comprehensive Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China.
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Maurer K, Soiffer RJ. The delicate balance of graft versus leukemia and graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:943-962. [PMID: 37906445 PMCID: PMC11195539 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2273847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The curative basis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) relies in part upon the graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect, whereby donor immune cells recognize and eliminate recipient malignant cells. However, alloreactivity of donor cells against recipient tissues may also be deleterious. Chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) is an immunologic phenomenon wherein alloreactive donor T cells aberrantly react against host tissues, leading to damaging inflammatory symptoms. AREAS COVERED Here, we discuss biological insights into GvL and cGvHD and strategies to balance the prevention of GvHD with maintenance of GvL in modern HSCT. EXPERT OPINION/COMMENTARY Relapse remains the leading cause of mortality after HSCT with rates as high as 40% for some diseases. GvHD is a major cause of morbidity after HSCT, occurring in up to half of patients and responsible for 15-20% of deaths after HSCT. Intriguingly, the development of chronic GvHD may be linked to lower relapse rates after HSCT, suggesting that GvL and GvHD may be complementary sides of the immunologic foundation of HSCT. The ability to fine tune the balance of GvL and GvHD will lead to improvements in survival, relapse rates, and quality of life for patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Maurer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xu K, Tang H, Xiong J, Ban X, Duan Y, Tu Y. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and atherosclerosis: A close but complicated relationship. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175869. [PMID: 37369295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionized the treatment of the disease in the past decade. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class of drugs is a widely used option for treating various cancers. Despite numerous advances, clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherosclerosis-inducing properties of these drugs that can cause adverse cardiovascular events. TKIs also have an atherosclerosis-preventing role in patients with cancer through different mechanisms under various conditions, suggesting that specific drugs play different roles in atherosclerosis regulation. Given these contradictory properties, this review summarizes the outcomes of previously performed clinical and basic experiments and shows how the targeted effects of novel TKIs affect atherosclerosis. Future collaborative efforts are warranted to enhance our understanding of the association between TKIs and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Ban
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Chen S, Chen Z, Lu L, Zhao Y, Zhou R, Xie Q, Shu Y, Lin J, Yu X, Wang Y. Discovery of novel BTK PROTACs with improved metabolic stability via linker rigidification strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115403. [PMID: 37119666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) functions as a key regulator of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, which is frequently hyperactivated in a variety of lymphoma cancers. Using Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology, we have recently discovered a highly potent ARQ-531-derived BTK PROTAC 6e, inducing effective degradation of both wild type (WT) and C481S mutant BTK proteins. However, the poor metabolic stability of PROTAC 6e have limited its further in vivo studies. Herein, we present our structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on modifying PROTAC 6e using linker rigidification strategy to identify a novel cereblon (CRBN)-recruiting compound 3e that induced BTK degradation in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on reducing the level of CRBN neo-substrates. Moreover, compound 3e suppressed the cell growth more potently than the small molecule inhibitors ibrutinib and ARQ-531 in several cells. Furthermore, compound 3e with the rigid linker displayed a significantly improved metabolic stability profile with the T1/2 increased to more than 145 min. Overall, we discovered a highly potent and selective BTK PROTAC lead compound 3e, which could be further optimized as potential BTK degradation therapy for BTK-associated human cancers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lixue Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongzhi Shu
- Shanghai Meizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 58 Yuanmei Road, Shanghai, 201109, China
| | - Jun Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xufen Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Pilmis B, Kherabi Y, Huriez P, Zahar JR, Mokart D. Infectious Complications of Targeted Therapies for Solid Cancers or Leukemias/Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071989. [PMID: 37046650 PMCID: PMC10093532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections are well known complications of some targeted drugs used to treat solid organ cancer and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, Individual patient risk factors are associated with underlying pathologies, concomitant immunosuppressive treatment, prior treatment and use of anti-infective prophylaxis. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent among patients treated with new targeted drugs. Objectives: In this narrative review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning the infectious complications occurring in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors or CAR-T cell infusion. Sources: We searched for studies treating infectious complications of ICIs, BTK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy. We included randomized, observational studies and case reports. Content: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent among patients treated with new targeted drugs. Treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents can lead to opportunistic infections. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are associated with higher rate of infections, including invasive fungal infections. Implications: Infections, particularly fungal ones, are common in patients treated with BTK inhibitors even though most of the complications occurring among patients treated by ICIs or CART-cells infusion are associated with the treatment of side effects related to the use of these new treatments. The diagnosis of these infectious complications can be difficult and may require extensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Pilmis
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
- UMR 1319, Institut Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAeChâtenay Malabry, AgroParisTech, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-12-78-20; Fax: +33-1-44-12-35-13
| | - Yousra Kherabi
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Huriez
- Equipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Ralph Zahar
- Infection Control Unit, AP-HP Hôpital Avicenne, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Djamel Mokart
- Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
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Zhang H, He F, Gao G, Lu S, Wei Q, Hu H, Wu Z, Fang M, Wang X. Approved Small-Molecule ATP-Competitive Kinases Drugs Containing Indole/Azaindole/Oxindole Scaffolds: R&D and Binding Patterns Profiling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030943. [PMID: 36770611 PMCID: PMC9920796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are among the most important families of biomolecules and play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and other critical physiological processes. The dysregulation and gene mutation of kinases are linked to the occurrence and development of various human diseases, especially cancer. As a result, a growing number of small-molecule drugs based on kinase targets are being successfully developed and approved for the treatment of many diseases. The indole/azaindole/oxindole moieties are important key pharmacophores of many bioactive compounds and are generally used as excellent scaffolds for drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. To date, 30 ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors bearing the indole/azaindole/oxindole scaffold have been approved for the treatment of diseases. Herein, we summarize their research and development (R&D) process and describe their binding models to the ATP-binding sites of the target kinases. Moreover, we discuss the significant role of the indole/azaindole/oxindole skeletons in the interaction of their parent drug and target kinases, providing new medicinal chemistry inspiration and ideas for the subsequent development and optimization of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guiping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiaochu Wei
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Yu F, Mao X, Wang B, Li J, Li L. Case Report: Therapeutic Use of Ibrutinib in a Patient With Schnitzler Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894464. [PMID: 35514998 PMCID: PMC9065412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schnitzler syndrome is a rare adult-onset acquired autoinflammatory disorder typically characterized by chronic urticarial rash and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (rarely IgG) monoclonal gammopathy. Its clinical symptoms usually respond well to interleukin-1 blockade therapy, which, however, does not impact the underlying monoclonal gammopathy. Herein, we described a female patient who presented with urticarial rash, recurrent fevers, and fatigue for 7 years. Laboratory investigations revealed IgMκ monoclonal protein and MYD88 L265P mutation, but no lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma on bone marrow examination. She fulfilled the diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome and was treated with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in combination with prednisone. Her symptoms improved dramatically, and the level of IgMκ monoclonal protein also declined. She tolerated the treatment well. This case highlights the potential therapeutic role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Schnitzler syndrome.
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Zhao Y, Shu Y, Lin J, Chen Z, Xie Q, Bao Y, Lu L, Sun N, Wang Y. Discovery of novel BTK PROTACs for B-Cell lymphomas. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113820. [PMID: 34509879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key drug target for B-cell related malignancies. Irreversible covalent BTK inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, yet BTK C481S mutation at the covalent binding site has caused drug-resistance of BTK covalent binding inhibitors. The proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology increases the sensitivity to drug-resistant targets compared to classic inhibitors, which provides a new strategy for mutant BTK related B-cell malignancies. ARQ531, a reversible non-covalent BTK inhibitor that inhibits wild type (WT) and mutated BTK with high selectivity, could be an ideal warhead for PROTACs targeting the mutant BTK. Herein, we designed a novel series of PROTACs using the selective non-covalent BTK inhibitor ARQ531 as warhead, with the goal of improving the degradation of both wild-type and C481S mutant BTKs, and increasing the selectivity of BTK over other kinases. This effort will provide some basis for further preclinical study of BTK PROTACs as a novel strategy for treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongzhi Shu
- Shanghai Meizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 58 Yuanmei Road, Shanghai, 201109, China
| | - Jun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Shanghai Meizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 58 Yuanmei Road, Shanghai, 201109, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanning Bao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lixue Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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12
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Zhu S, Jung J, Victor E, Arceo J, Gokhale S, Xie P. Clinical Trials of the BTK Inhibitors Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib in Human Diseases Beyond B Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737943. [PMID: 34778053 PMCID: PMC8585514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib are FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of B cell malignances. Both drugs have demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety profiles superior to chemoimmunotherapy regimens in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that both ibrutinib and acalabrutinib are versatile and have direct effects on many immune cell subsets as well as other cell types beyond B cells. The versatility and immunomodulatory effects of both drugs have been exploited to expand their therapeutic potential in a wide variety of human diseases. Over 470 clinical trials are currently registered at ClinicalTrials.gov to test the efficacy of ibrutinib or acalabrutinib not only in almost every type of B cell malignancies, but also in hematological malignancies of myeloid cells and T cells, solid tumors, chronic graft versus host disease (cGHVD), autoimmune diseases, allergy and COVID-19 (http:www.clinicaltrials.gov). In this review, we present brief discussions of the clinical trials and relevant key preclinical evidence of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib as monotherapies or as part of combination therapies for the treatment of human diseases beyond B cell malignancies. Adding to the proven efficacy of ibrutinib for cGVHD, preliminary results of clinical trials have shown promising efficacy of ibrutinib or acalabrutinib for certain T cell malignancies, allergies and severe COVID-19. However, both BTK inhibitors have no or limited efficacy for refractory or recurrent solid tumors. These clinical data together with additional pending results from ongoing trials will provide valuable information to guide the design and improvement of future trials, including optimization of combination regimens and dosing sequences as well as better patient stratification and more efficient delivery strategies. Such information will further advance the precise implementation of BTK inhibitors into the clinical toolbox for the treatment of different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Eton Victor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Johann Arceo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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13
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BTK-inhibitor drug covalent binding to lysine in human serum albumin using LC-MS/MS. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 42:100433. [PMID: 34896750 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor drugs are designed to bind covalently to a free-thiol cysteine in the BTK protein active site. However, these reactive drugs bind to off-target proteins as well. In this study, seven BTK-inhibitor drugs containing acrylamide warheads were incubated with human serum albumin (HSA) and analyzed using an LC-MS/MS peptide mapping approach to determine the amino acid sites of drug covalent binding. Significant adduction at the free-thiol cysteine of HSA was only observed for two of the drugs. However, significant adduction was observed for at least four lysine residues. This is just a small percentage of the 59 total lysine residues in HSA. These four lysine residues are likely partially buried, accessible to the drugs, and exist at least partially in a neutral state. The levels of adduction observed in the in-vitro experimental conditions are only indicative of a relative propensity for adduction with the individual lysine residues of HSA, and are not in-vivo predictions. Widespread off-target lysine binding could impact clearance and bioavailability for irreversible inhibitor drugs. However, the extent of the impact on clearance may be limited in comparison to conjugation with glutathione.
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14
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Progress in the development of small molecular inhibitors of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a promising cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116358. [PMID: 34479103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key kinase in the B cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathway, which is involved in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of B cells. BTK has become a significant target for the treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Ibrutinib, the first-generation BTK inhibitor, has made a great contribution to the treatment of B cell malignant tumors, but there are still some problems such as resistance or miss target of site mutation. Therefore, there is an imperative need to develop novel BTK inhibitors to overcome these problems. Besides, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has been successfully applied to the development of BTK degradation agents, which has opened a fresh way for the BTK targeted treatment. This paper reviews the biological function of BTK, the discovery and development of BTK targeted drugs as a promising cancer therapy. It mainly reviews the binding sites and structural characteristics of BTK, structure-activity relationships, activity and drug resistance of BTK inhibitors, as well as potential treatment strategies to overcome the resistance of BTK, which provides a reference for the rational design and development of new powerful BTK inhibitors.
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15
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Torabi S, Anjamrooz SH, Zeraatpisheh Z, Aligholi H, Azari H. Ibrutinib reduces neutrophil infiltration, preserves neural tissue and enhances locomotor recovery in mouse contusion model of spinal cord injury. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:350-360. [PMID: 34031271 PMCID: PMC8493027 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), excessive recruitment of neutrophils can result in inflammation, neural tissue loss and exacerbation of neurological outcomes. Ibrutinib is a bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor in innate immune cells such as the neutrophils that diminishes their activation and influx to the site of injury. The present study evaluated the efficacy of ibrutinib administration in the acute phase of SCI on neural tissue preservation and locomotor recovery. Ibrutinib was delivered intravenously at 3.125 mg/kg either immediately, 12 hours after, or both immediately and 12 hours after SCI induction in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Neutrophil influx into the lesion area was evaluated 24 hours following SCI using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry methods. Animals' body weight changes were recorded, and their functional motor recovery was assessed based on the Basso mouse scale during 28 days after treatment. Finally, spinal cord lesion volume was estimated by an unbiased stereological method. While animals' weight in the control group started to increase one week after injury, it stayed unchanged in treatment groups. However, the double injection of ibrutinib led to a significantly lower body weight compared to the control group at 4 weeks post-injury. Mean neutrophil counts per visual field and the lesion volume were significantly decreased in all ibrutinib-treated groups. In addition, ibrutinib significantly improved locomotor functional recovery in all treated groups, especially in immediate and double-injection groups. Neural tissue protection and locomotor functional recovery suggest ibrutinib treatment as a potent immunotherapeutic intervention for traumatic SCI that warrants clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Torabi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Anjamrooz
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zeraatpisheh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Kifle ZD. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19: A review. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100116. [PMID: 34345815 PMCID: PMC8318668 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China which is a new pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 that has greatly affected the whole world. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are drugs that are used for the management of cancer, and are being repurposed for COVID-19. BTK regulates macrophage and B cell activation, development, survival, and signaling. Inhibition of BTK has revealed an ameliorative effect on lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, this review aimed to summarize evidence regarding the role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors against COVID-19. To include findings from diverse studies, publications related to BTK inhibitors and Covid-19 were searched from the databases such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier, using English key terms. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that targeting excessive host inflammation with a BTK inhibitor is a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Currently, BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib have shown a protective effect against pulmonary injury in a small series group of COVID-19 infected patients. Small molecule inhibitors like BTK inhibitors, targeting a wide range of pro-inflammatory singling pathways, may a key role in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemene Demelash Kifle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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17
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Yeh CT, Chen TT, Satriyo PB, Wang CH, Wu ATH, Chao TY, Lee KY, Hsiao M, Wang LS, Kuo KT. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) mediates resistance to EGFR inhibition in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:56. [PMID: 34315851 PMCID: PMC8316404 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard of care for patients with EGFR mutation and metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but most patients using EGFR TKIs acquire resistance later. So, overcoming resistance of EGFR TKIs has become an important issue in the treatment of NSCLC. Previously, therapeutics targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have been successful in treating several hematologic malignancies. However, the role of BTK in NSCLC is still unknown. In this study, by examining surgical specimens from 80 NSCLC patients and their clinicopathologic parameters, we found significant correlation between high BTK expression and tumor differentiation, p-stage, lymph node metastatic status, maximum tumor size, and poor prognosis of patients. Using two NSCLC cell lines A540 and PC9, we demonstrated that BTKpos cells exhibited more stemness (OCT4, SOX2) and EMT (E-Cadherin, Slug) markers than BTKneg cells. Knockdown of BTK sensitized the NSCLC cells to Gefitinib. Meanwhile, the second-generation BTK inhibitor Acalabrutinib effectively suppressed SOX2, STAT3/JAK2/Akt axis and potentiated the anti-proliferative effect of Gefitinib and Osimertinib in NSCLC cells, including the T790M H1975 cells. Furthermore, Acalabrutinib and Osimertinib combination exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition of H1975-derived tumors in vivo. Our findings suggested that BTK mediates stemness and EMT properties, and inhibition of BTK potentiates the effect of Gefitinib and Osimertinib in NSCLC cells resistant to TKI. This implies a new approach to treat the NSCLC patients with resistance to previous TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tao Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pamungkas Bagus Satriyo
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Btk Inhibitors: A Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Delivery Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147641. [PMID: 34299259 PMCID: PMC8303217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, Bruton’s tyrosine Kinase (Btk) has emerged as new target in medicinal chemistry. Since approval of ibrutinib in 2013 for treatment of different hematological cancers (as leukemias and lymphomas), two other irreversible Btk inhibitors have been launched on the market. In the attempt to overcome irreversible Btk inhibitor limitations, reversible compounds have been developed and are currently under evaluation. In recent years, many Btk inhibitors have been patented and reported in the literature. In this review, we summarized the (ir)reversible Btk inhibitors recently developed and studied clinical trials and preclinical investigations for malignancies, chronic inflammation conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection, covering advances in the field of medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, the nanoformulations studied to increase ibrutinib bioavailability are reported.
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19
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Edwards P, Kang BW, Chau I. Targeting the Stroma in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691185. [PMID: 34336679 PMCID: PMC8316993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) presents extremely aggressive tumours and is associated with poor survival. This is attributed to the unique features of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which is known to create a dense stromal formation and poorly immunogenic condition. In particular, the TME of PC, including the stromal cells and extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the progression and chemoresistance of PC. Consequently, several promising agents that target key components of the stroma have already been developed and are currently in multiple stages of clinical trials. Therefore, the authors review the latest available evidence on novel stroma-targeting approaches, highlighting the potential impact of the stroma as a key component of the TME in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ian Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Cavalloni C, Varettoni M, Rattotti S, Arcaini L. Evaluating ibrutinib for the treatment of relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1643-1649. [PMID: 34120550 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1941864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of possible frontline therapies depending on the subtype; there are no shared guidelines for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MZLs. The growing evidence of the importance of the BCR pathway in the pathogenesis of B lymphoproliferative forms has led researchers to consider BTK as a potential therapeutic target in MZL.Area covered: The authors provide the reader with an evaluation of ibrutinib as a treatment option for refractory marginal zone lymphoma. The review includes an overview of the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety. The authors also provide the reader with their expert perspectives on the drug and its place in the treatment of MZL.Expert opinion: The availability of new non-chemotherapeutic agents represents an important opportunity to spare excessive exposure to cytotoxic compounds. Immunomodulators and targeted agents, alone or often in combination with immunotherapy, have been shown to be effective and safe therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MZL. In addition, numerous studies involving new generation targeted agents, alone or in combination, are currently active in both R/R and untreated patient populations, some with encouraging preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavalloni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Rattotti
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Seymour BJ, Singh S, Certo HM, Sommer K, Sather BD, Khim S, Clough C, Hale M, Pangallo J, Ryu BY, Khan IF, Adair JE, Rawlings DJ. Effective, safe, and sustained correction of murine XLA using a UCOE-BTK promoter-based lentiviral vector. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:635-651. [PMID: 33718514 PMCID: PMC7907679 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immune disorder caused by mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). BTK is expressed in B and myeloid cells, and its deficiency results in a lack of mature B cells and protective antibodies. We previously reported a lentivirus (LV) BTK replacement therapy that restored B cell development and function in Btk and Tec double knockout mice (a phenocopy of human XLA). In this study, with the goal of optimizing both the level and lineage specificity of BTK expression, we generated LV incorporating the proximal human BTK promoter. Hematopoietic stem cells from Btk−/−Tec−/− mice transduced with this vector rescued lineage-specific expression and restored B cell function in Btk−/−Tec−/− recipients. Next, we tested addition of candidate enhancers and/or ubiquitous chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), as well as codon optimization to improve BTK expression. An Eμ enhancer improved B cell rescue, but increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies. Addition of the UCOE avoided autoantibody generation while improving B cell development and function and reducing vector silencing. An optimized vector containing a truncated UCOE upstream of the BTK promoter and codon-optimized BTK cDNA resulted in stable, lineage-regulated BTK expression that mirrored endogenous BTK, making it a strong candidate for XLA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Seymour
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Swati Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Hannah M Certo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Blythe D Sather
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Socheath Khim
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Courtnee Clough
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Malika Hale
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Joseph Pangallo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Byoung Y Ryu
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Iram F Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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22
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Ruiz-Camps I, Aguilar-Company J. Risk of infection associated with targeted therapies for solid organ and hematological malignancies. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:2049936121989548. [PMID: 33680453 PMCID: PMC7897815 DOI: 10.1177/2049936121989548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher risks of infection are associated with some targeted drugs used to treat solid organ and hematological malignancies, and an individual patient’s risk of infection is strongly influenced by underlying diseases and concomitant or prior treatments. This review focuses on risk levels and specific suggestions for management, analyzing groups of agents associated with a significant effect on the risk of infection. Due to limited clinical experience and ongoing advances in these therapies, recommendations may be revised in the near future. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are associated with a higher rate of infections, including invasive fungal infection, especially in the first months of treatment and in patients with advanced, pretreated disease. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. Venetoclax is associated with cytopenias, respiratory infections, and fever and neutropenia. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may predispose patients to opportunistic and fungal infections; need for prophylaxis should be assessed on an individual basis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been linked to a higher risk of general and opportunistic infections. Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) inhibitors are associated with neutropenia, especially over the first months of treatment. Anti-CD20 agents may cause defects in the adaptative immune response, hypogammaglobulinemia, neutropenia, and hepatitis B reactivation. Alemtuzumab is associated with profound and long-lasting immunosuppression; screening is recommended for latent infections and prevention strategies against CMV, herpesvirus, and Pneumocystis infections. Checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) may cause immune-related adverse events for which prolonged treatment with corticosteroids is needed: prophylaxis against Pneumocystis is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ruiz-Camps
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Aguilar-Company
- Infectious Diseases Department and Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Wen T, Wang J, Shi Y, Qian H, Liu P. Inhibitors targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase in cancers: drug development advances. Leukemia 2021; 35:312-332. [PMID: 33122850 PMCID: PMC7862069 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor is a promising novel agent that has potential efficiency in B-cell malignancies. It took approximately 20 years from target discovery to new drug approval. The first-in-class drug ibrutinib creates possibilities for an era of chemotherapy-free management of B-cell malignancies, and it is so popular that gross sales have rapidly grown to more than 230 billion dollars in just 6 years, with annual sales exceeding 80 billion dollars; it also became one of the five top-selling medicines in the world. Numerous clinical trials of BTK inhibitors in cancers were initiated in the last decade, and ~73 trials were intensively announced or updated with extended follow-up data in the most recent 3 years. In this review, we summarized the significant milestones in the preclinical discovery and clinical development of BTK inhibitors to better understand the clinical and commercial potential as well as the directions being taken. Furthermore, it also contributes impactful lessons regarding the discovery and development of other novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
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Li L, Chai Y, Wu C, Zhao L. Chemokine receptor CXCR4: An important player affecting the molecular-targeted drugs commonly used in hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:1387-1396. [PMID: 33170753 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1839885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of molecular-targeted drugs have been widely used in hematological malignancies and have shown great advances. Nevertheless, as the use of drugs in clinical practice increases, the problem of relapse or of the disease being refractory to treatment is becoming apparent. This problem is closely related to the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). AREAS COVERED This review focuses mainly on the effect of CXCR4 on molecular-targeted drug resistance in hematological malignancies as well as the clinical efficacy of CXCR4 antagonists combined with molecular-targeted drugs. Relevant literatures published between 2006 and 2020 were searched using PubMed/Medline for this review. EXPERT OPINION Monoclonal antibodies and non-antibody molecular-targeted drugs provide new therapeutic approaches for B-lineage malignancies and leukemia, but the clinical activity of these drugs is affected by CXCR4. In general, high CXCR4 expression or mutation inhibits the effects of molecular-targeted drugs, but there are exceptions, and in studies of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib (Bz) in multiple myeloma (MM), low CXCR4 expression or loss of CXCR4 was associated with Bz resistance (BzR) and poor treatment outcomes. Given that CXCR4 is a critical mediator of molecular-targeted drug resistance, numerous studies have combined molecular-targeted drugs with CXCR4 antagonists, which synergistically enhance the anti-proliferative/pro-apoptotic effect of molecular-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ye Chai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - ChongYang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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HZ-A-005, a potent, selective, and covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor in preclinical development. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104377. [PMID: 33091668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec kinases family and is essential for B cell receptor (BCR) mediated signaling. BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib hold a prominent role in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Here we disclose a potent, selective, and covalent BTK inhibitor, HZ-A-005, currently in preclinical development. HZ-A-005 demonstrated dose-dependent activity in two xenograft models of lymphoma in vivo. It showed highly favourable safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles in preclinical studies. On the basis of its potency, selectivity, and covalent mode of inhibition, HZ-A-005 reveals the potential to be a promising BTK inhibitor for a wide range of cancer indications.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purine analogs made dramatic improvements for patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), but patients often relapse, require multiple treatments, and may become refractory. Major developments in treatment of relapsed/refractory HCL occurred with discovery of disease biology. New agents increase the complexity of clinical decision-making. AREAS COVERED Anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin Moxetumomab Pasudotox (Moxe), CD20 Mabs rituximab and obinutuzumab, BRAF/MEK inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib-trametinib, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib have been tested in HCL. All show efficacy but with different treatment durations and response rates, including for eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD). Side effects differ and must be considered when selecting treatment. Studies from PubMed indexed papers and abstracts presented at major international conferences are included. EXPERT OPINION Rituximab with either purine analog or BRAF-inhibitor achieves high rates of MRD-free complete remission (CR). Moxe achieves MRD-free CR without chemotherapy toxicities. Moxe should be considered prior to splenectomy or development of adenopathy. BRAF/MEK inhibition and ibrutinib are effective options but most patients remain MRD+, requiring indefinite treatment or rituximab to prevent relapse. Under investigation is MRD elimination with CD20 antibody combined with Moxe or BRAF inhibitor. High-risk diseases including HCL variant and IGHV4-34+ unmutated HCL require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Chihara
- Medical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hanna KS, Campbell M, Husak A, Sturm S. The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of mantle cell lymphoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 26:1190-1199. [PMID: 32279595 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220915956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that is generally classified as an aggressive lymphoma requiring front-line chemo-immunotherapy with stem cell rescue. Despite effective treatment, many patients relapse or are refractory to front-line therapy. In addition, these patients may also develop drug resistance requiring novel modalities for subsequent lines. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated a well-tolerated safety and efficacy profile across several B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib are FDA-approved as treatment options for patients with Mantle cell lymphoma following one prior line of therapy. Various factors should be considered which include the adverse event profile of these agents and ability to adhere to therapy. In this article, we review the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the management of Mantle cell lymphoma and review the clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Husak
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Sabrina Sturm
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Riesgo de infección asociada a nuevas terapias para el tratamiento de los síndromes linfoproliferativos. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Al-Toubah T, Schell MJ, Cives M, Zhou JM, Soares HP, Strosberg JR. A Phase II Study of Ibrutinib in Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:377-383. [PMID: 31357193 PMCID: PMC7771542 DOI: 10.1159/000502383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib is an orally administered inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Preclinical data suggest that mast cells are recruited within neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) where they stimulate angiogenesis and tumor growth. Ibrutinib inhibits mast cell degranulation and has been associated with regression of tumors in a mouse insulinoma model. METHODS A prospective, phase II trial evaluated patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI)/lung NENs and pancreatic NENs (pNENs) who had evidence of progression within 12 months of study entry on at least one prior therapy. Patients received ibrutinib 560 mg daily until unacceptable toxicity, progression of disease, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled on protocol from November 2015 to December 2017 (15 advanced GI/lung NENs and 5 pNENs). No patient reached an objective response. Median PFS was 3.0 months. A total of 44 drug-related adverse events (AEs) were captured as probably or definitely associated with ibrutinib. Five patients experienced probably or definitely related grade 3 AEs, and 1 patient experienced a probably related grade 4 AE. Five patients discontinued treatment prior to radiographic assessment. CONCLUSIONS Ibrutinib does not show significant evidence of activity in well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic and lung NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymeyah Al-Toubah
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Schell
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Jun-Min Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Heloisa P Soares
- Department of Oncology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jonathan R Strosberg
- Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA,
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Luan C, Chen B. Clinical application of obinutuzumab for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2899-2909. [PMID: 31692500 PMCID: PMC6707935 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s212500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alkylators and nucleoside analogs were the main drugs for treatingchronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), which have been replaced by monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab in the past 10 years for refractory or relapsed CLL. The first-line immunochemotherapy regimen, rituximab combined with nucleoside analogs, significantly increased CLL patients’ first-reaction rate and improved progression-free survival. Despite the long-lasting remissions by the use of chemoimmunotherapy, most CLL patients will relapse eventually. The obinutuzumab (GA101), an updated CD20 antibody, that is thought to achieve a more durable response with unique molecular and functional characteristics. Obinutuzumab is a humanized, monoclonal type II CD20 antibody modified by glycoengineering. The glycoengineered Fc portion enhances the binding affinity to the FcγRIII receptor on immune effector cells, resulting in increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. In addition, the type II antibody binding characteristics of obinutuzumab to CD20 lead to an efficient induction of direct non-apoptotic cell death. This review summarizes the results of clinical studies using obinutuzumab and looks forward to its further application in treating CLL clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Luan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
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Sun S, Cheng D, Kong S, Li X, Li T, Yu Q, Wang L. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of ibrutinib in rat plasma by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS: validation and application to pharmacokinetic studies of a novel ibrutinib nanocrystalline. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4703. [PMID: 31629393 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib has an excellent effect in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma so it has attracted much attention. A novel ibrutinib nanocrystalline was exploited in our study to improve the bioavailability. A fast and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the accurate quantification of ibrutinib in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved by an Agilent zorbax SB-C18 rapid solution HD column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm). The mobile phase consisted of deionized water (containing 10 mm ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid) and pure acetonitrile. Isocratic elution (water-acetonitrile 10:90, v/v) was adopted and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. Column temperature was set to 40°C. Vilazodone was used as the internal standard in this analytical method. Multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization was selected to detect ibrutinib and vilazodone. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein to extract plasma samples. There was no endogenous interference for both ibrutinib and vilazodone and the linear range of this method was 1-2000 ng/mL. The recoveries were 98.4, 97.4 and 102.7% at low, medium and high concentrations. Accordingly, the matrix effect was 96.6, 111.1 and 99.6%. The pharmacokinetic difference between ibrutinib crude and a novel ibrutinib nanocrystalline in rats was investigated by this validated method successfully. The peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve showed significant differences in gender and the bioavailability was improved after oral administration of ibrutinib nanocrystalline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Sun
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Dongfang Cheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Shumeng Kong
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Tongfang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Qinglong Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, China
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