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Vicente ATS, Salvador JAR. PROteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in leukemia: overview and future perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e575. [PMID: 38845697 PMCID: PMC11154823 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of life-threatening malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system. Immunotherapy, radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy are among the approved leukemia treatments. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance, side effects, relapses, and long-term sequelae occur in a significant proportion of patients and severely compromise the treatment efficacy. The development of novel approaches to improve outcomes is therefore an unmet need. Recently, novel leukemia drug discovery strategies, including targeted protein degradation, have shown potential to advance the field of personalized medicine for leukemia patients. Specifically, PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are revolutionary compounds that allow the selective degradation of a protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Developed against a wide range of cancer targets, they show promising potential in overcoming many of the drawbacks associated with conventional therapies. Following the exponential growth of antileukemic PROTACs, this article reviews PROTAC-mediated degradation of leukemia-associated targets. Chemical structures, in vitro and in vivo activities, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trials of PROTACs are critically discussed. Furthermore, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of PROTACs in leukemia are covered, in order to understand the potential that these novel compounds may have as future drugs for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André T. S. Vicente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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2
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Orally bioavailable BTK PROTAC active against wild-type and C481 mutant BTKs in human lymphoma CDX mouse models. Blood Adv 2022; 7:92-105. [PMID: 36269842 PMCID: PMC9827040 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an important signaling hub that activates the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling cascade. BCR activation can contribute to the growth and survival of B-cell lymphoma or leukemia. The inhibition of the BCR signaling pathway is critical for blocking downstream events and treating B-cell lymphomas. Herein, we report potent and orally available proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that target BTK to inactivate BCR signaling. Of the PROTACs tested, UBX-382 showed superior degradation activity for wild-type (WT) and mutant BTK proteins in a single-digit nanomolar range of half-maximal degradation concentration in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line. UBX-382 was effective on 7 out of 8 known BTK mutants in in vitro experiments and was highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth in murine xenograft models harboring WT or C481S mutant BTK-expressing TMD-8 cells over ibrutinib, ARQ-531, and MT-802. Remarkably, oral dosing of UBX-382 for <2 weeks led to complete tumor regression in 3 and 10 mg/kg groups in murine xenograft models. UBX-382 also provoked the cell type-dependent and selective degradation of cereblon neosubstrates in various hematological cancer cells. These results suggest that UBX-382 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy for B-cell-related blood cancers with improved efficacy and diverse applicability.
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ramadan S, Radice T, Ismail A, Fiori S, Tarella C. Advances in therapeutic strategies for primary CNS B-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:295-304. [PMID: 35467473 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) has traditionally been treated with induction HD-MTX-based chemotherapy, followed by consolidation whole-brain radiotherapy. However, this approach is associated with significant neurocognitive complications, especially in older patients. Therefore, different consolidation protocols have been evaluated. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HD-ASCT) has the best long-term survival outcomes in younger patients. AREAS COVERED In this review of the literature, we focus on the overall therapeutic strategy and advances in the management of the aggressive primary CNS B-cell lymphomas. EXPERT OPINION In young and fit PCNSL patients, HD-ASCT is the preferred consolidation strategy to achieve long-term survivals. Older patients with good performance status should also be evaluated for MTX-based induction polychemotherapy followed by ASCT. However, management of PCNSL patients remains challenging, and new avenues with targeted therapies are under investigation. To date, ibrutinib, lenalidomide, and immune checkpoint inhibitors appearto be promising in PCNSL. However, as monotherapy, durable responses are less likely to be achieved. Unfortunately, when combined with chemoimmunotherapy, considerable toxicity and mortality have been reported. Clinical trials on these molecules are aiming to reduce toxicity and maintain responses. CAR-T-cell therapy has recently emerged as a further option. It has shown efficacy in patients with secondary CNS lymphoma, with few but encouraging results in primary CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ramadan
- Division of Onco-Hematology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, NCI-Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tommaso Radice
- Division of Onco-Hematology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Hematology Department at Maadi Military Hospital, Armed Forces College of Medicine Cairo, Egypt.,Hematology Department, Maadi Military Hospital, Armed forces college of medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefano Fiori
- Division of Diagnostic Hematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Division of Onco-Hematology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Salute (DISS), Universita' di Milano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Dou D, Diao Y, Sha W, Su R, Tong L, Li W, Leng L, Xie L, Yu Z, Song H, Shen Z, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Xie H, Chen Z, Li H, Xu Y. Discovery of Pteridine-7(8 H)-one Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2694-2709. [PMID: 35099969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors have been developed, among which covalent BTK inhibitors have shown great clinical efficacy. However, some of them could produce adverse effects, such as diarrhea, rash, and platelet dysfunction, which are associated with the off-target inhibition of ITK and EGFR. In this study, we disclosed a series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as potent and selective covalent BTK inhibitors, which were optimized from 3z, an EGFR inhibitor previously reported by our group. Among them, compound 24a exhibited great BTK inhibition activity (IC50 = 4.0 nM) and high selectivity in both enzymatic (ITK >250-fold, EGFR >2500-fold) and cellular levels (ITK >227-fold, EGFR 27-fold). In U-937 xenograft models, 24a significantly inhibited tumor growth (TGI = 57.85%) at a 50 mg/kg dosage. Accordingly, 24a is a new BTK inhibitor worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjie Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongrong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Limin Leng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhixiao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Chen X, Huang Y, Xu W, Cai Y, Yang Y. 4-Aminopyrazolopyrimidine scaffold and its deformation in the design of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase inhibitors in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1008-1028. [DOI: 10.1039/d2md00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deformation of the 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine scaffold in designing small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China
| | - Yajiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China
| | - Wanghan Xu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311202, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuanrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China
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Tasso B, Spallarossa A, Russo E, Brullo C. The Development of BTK Inhibitors: A Five-Year Update. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237411. [PMID: 34885993 PMCID: PMC8659154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) represented, in the past ten years, an important target for the development of new therapeutic agents that could be useful for cancer and autoimmune disorders. To date, five compounds, able to block BTK in an irreversible manner, have been launched in the market, whereas many reversible BTK inhibitors (BTKIs), with reduced side effects that are more useful for long-term administration in autoimmune disorders, are under clinical investigation. Despite the presence in the literature of many articles and reviews, studies on BTK function and BTKIs are of great interest for pharmaceutical companies as well as academia. This review is focused on compounds that have appeared in the literature from 2017 that are able to block BTK in an irreversible or reversible manner; also, new promising tunable irreversible inhibitors, as well as PROTAC molecules, have been reported. This summary could improve the knowledge of the chemical diversity of BTKIs and provide information for future studies, particularly from the medicinal chemistry point of view. Data reported here are collected from different databases (Scifinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed) using "BTK" and "BTK inhibitors" as keywords.
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8
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Ran F, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhuo H, Xu C, Li Y, Duan X, Zhao G. Design and synthesis of novel substituted benzyl pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as selective BTK inhibitors for treating mantle cell lymphoma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104968. [PMID: 34000704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, a potent irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, was approved by the FDA for treating mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Although ibrutinib exhibited excellent antitumor activity, it was associated with certain adverse reactions, with off-target effects against EGFR, Itk and Src family kinases. Our studies yielded a novel series of substituted benzyl pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives capable of potent inhibition of BTK. Compared with ibrutinib, compound 15c exhibited potent BTK inhibitory activity and enhanced antiproliferative activity, a 12-24-fold increase, against MCL cell lines, with IC50 values lower than 1 μM. Low micromolar doses of 15c inhibited the BCR signaling pathway and strongly induced the apoptosis of Z138 cells. Ibrutinib and 15c induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner in Z138 cells. Moreover, compound 15c induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may be a reason for its potent antiproliferative activity. Importantly, compound 15c showed greater BTK selectivity than ibrutinib, indicating a potentially safer treatment of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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9
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Huang J, Huang S, Ma Z, Lin X, Li X, Huang X, Wang J, Ye W, Li Y, He D, Yang M, Pan J, Ling Q, Li F, Mao S, Wang H, Wang Y, Jin J. Ibrutinib Suppresses Early Megakaryopoiesis but Enhances Proplatelet Formation. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:192-205. [PMID: 32961571 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, has a favorable safety profile in patients with B cell-related malignancies. A primary adverse effect of ibrutinib is thrombocytopenia in the early stages of treatment, but platelet counts increase or recover as treatment continues. Currently, the effects of ibrutinib on megakaryopoiesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which ibrutinib induces thrombocytopenia using cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a human megakaryoblastic cell line (SET-2), and C57BL/6 mice. We show that treatment with ibrutinib can suppress CD34+ HSC differentiation into megakaryocytes (MKs) and decrease the number of colony-forming unit-MKs (CFU-MKs). The ibrutinib-dependent inhibition of early megakaryopoiesis seems to mainly involve impaired proliferation of progenitor cells without induction of apoptosis. The effects of ibrutinib on late-stage megakaryopoiesis, in contrast to early-stage megakaryopoiesis, include enhanced MK differentiation, ploidy, and proplatelet formation in CD34+ HSC-derived MKs and SET-2 cells. We also demonstrated that MK adhesion and spreading, but not migration, were inhibited by ibrutinib. Furthermore, we revealed that integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling in MKs was inhibited by ibrutinib. Consistent with previous clinical observations, in C57BL/6 mice treated with ibrutinib, platelet counts decreased by days 2 to 7 and recovered to normal levels by day 15. Together, these results reveal the pathogenesis of ibrutinib-induced transient thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, ibrutinib suppresses early megakaryopoiesis, as evidenced by inhibition of MK progenitor cell proliferation and CFU-MK formation. Ibrutinib enhances MK differentiation, ploidy, and proplatelet formation, while it impairs integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Daqiang He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shihui Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Liang Y, Nandakumar KS, Cheng K. Design and pharmaceutical applications of proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Joseph RE, Amatya N, Fulton DB, Engen JR, Wales TE, Andreotti A. Differential impact of BTK active site inhibitors on the conformational state of full-length BTK. eLife 2020; 9:60470. [PMID: 33226337 PMCID: PMC7834017 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is targeted in the treatment of B-cell disorders including leukemias and lymphomas. Currently approved BTK inhibitors, including Ibrutinib, a first-in-class covalent inhibitor of BTK, bind directly to the kinase active site. While effective at blocking the catalytic activity of BTK, consequences of drug binding on the global conformation of full-length BTK are unknown. Here, we uncover a range of conformational effects in full-length BTK induced by a panel of active site inhibitors, including large-scale shifts in the conformational equilibria of the regulatory domains. Additionally, we find that a remote Ibrutinib resistance mutation, T316A in the BTK SH2 domain, drives spurious BTK activity by destabilizing the compact autoinhibitory conformation of full-length BTK, shifting the conformational ensemble away from the autoinhibited form. Future development of BTK inhibitors will need to consider long-range allosteric consequences of inhibitor binding, including the emerging application of these BTK inhibitors in treating COVID-19. Treatments for blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma, rely heavily on chemotherapy, using drugs that target a vulnerable aspect of the cancer cells. B-cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies, require a protein called Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, or BTK for short, to survive. The drug ibrutinib (Imbruvica) is used to treat B-cell cancers by blocking BTK. The BTK protein consists of several regions. One of them, known as the kinase domain, is responsible for its activity as an enzyme (which allows it to modify other proteins by adding a ‘tag’ known as a phosphate group). The other regions of BTK, known as regulatory modules, control this activity. In BTK’s inactive form, the regulatory modules attach to the kinase domain, blocking the regulatory modules from interacting with other proteins. When BTK is activated, it changes its conformation so the regulatory regions detach and become available for interactions with other proteins, at the same time exposing the active kinase domain. Ibrutinib and other BTK drugs in development bind to the kinase domain to block its activity. However, it is not known how this binding affects the regulatory modules. Previous efforts to study how drugs bind to BTK have used a version of the protein that only had the kinase domain, instead of the full-length protein. Now, Joseph et al. have studied full-length BTK and how it binds to five different drugs. The results reveal that ibrutinib and another drug called dasatinib both indirectly disrupt the normal position of the regulatory domains pushing BTK toward a conformation that resembles the activated state. By contrast, the three other compounds studied do not affect the inactive structure. Joseph et al. also examined a mutation in BTK that confers resistance against ibrutinib. This mutation increases the activity of BTK by disrupting the inactive structure, leading to B cells surviving better. Understanding how drug resistance mechanisms can work will lead to better drug treatment strategies for cancer. BTK is also a target in other diseases such as allergies or asthma and even COVID-19. If interactions between partner proteins and the regulatory domain are important in these diseases, then they may be better treated with drugs that maintain the regulatory modules in their inactive state. This research will help to design drugs that are better able to control BTK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji E Joseph
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Neha Amatya
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - D Bruce Fulton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Amy Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
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12
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Du B, Chakraborty P, Azam MA, Massé S, Lai PFH, Niri A, Si D, Thavendiranathan P, Abdel-Qadir H, Billia F, Nanthakumar K. Acute Effects of Ibrutinib on Ventricular Arrhythmia in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2020; 2:614-629. [PMID: 34396273 PMCID: PMC8352013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ibrutinib is associated with ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden death. However, the pro-arrhythmic electrophysiological dysregulation that results from ibrutinib with age and cardiovascular disease is unknown. Objectives This study sought to investigate the acute effects of ibrutinib on left ventricular (LV) VA vulnerability, cytosolic calcium dynamics, and membrane electrophysiology in old and young spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods Langendorff-perfused hearts of young (10 to 14 weeks) and old (10 to 14 months) SHRs were treated with ibrutinib (0.1 μmol/l) or vehicle for 30 min. Simultaneously, LV epicardial action potential and cytosolic calcium transients were optically mapped following an incremental pacing protocol. Calcium and action potential dynamics parameters were analyzed. VA vulnerability was assessed by electrically inducing ventricular fibrillations (VFs) in each heart. Western blot analysis was performed on LV tissues. Results Ibrutinib treatment resulted in higher vulnerability to VF in old SHR hearts (27.5 ± 7.5% vs. 5.7 ± 3.7%; p = 0.026) but not in young SHR hearts (8.0 ± 4.9% vs. 0%; p = 0.193). In old SHR hearts, following ibrutinib treatment, action potential duration (APD) alternans (p = 0.008) and APD alternans spatial discordance (p = 0.027) were more prominent. Moreover, calcium transient duration 50 was longer (p = 0.032), calcium amplitude alternans ratio was significantly lower (p = 0.001), and time-to-peak of calcium amplitude was shorter (p = 0.037). In young SHR hearts, there were no differences in calcium and APD dynamics. Conclusions Ibrutinib-induced VA is associated with old age in SHR. Acute dysregulation of calcium and repolarization dynamics play important roles in ibrutinib-induced VF.
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Key Words
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- APD, action potential duration
- CA, calcium alternans
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- CaT, calcium transient
- CaTD, calcium transient duration
- DAD, delayed afterdepolarization
- EAD, early afterpolarization
- LV, left ventricular
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PLB, phospholamban
- SCaE, spontaneous calcium elevation
- SHR, spontaneous hypertension rat
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- VA, ventricular arrhythmia
- VF, ventricular fibrillation
- action potential duration alternans
- calcium handling
- ibrutinib
- spatial discordant repolarization
- ventricular arrythmias
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Du
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Praloy Chakraborty
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ali Azam
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stéphane Massé
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick F H Lai
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Niri
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daoyuan Si
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Higer M, Cana D, Podlech J, Schadmand-Fischer S, Schwarting A, Teschner D, Theobald M, Wölfel T, Hess G. Life-threatening disseminated enterovirus infection during combined rituximab and ibrutinib maintenance treatment for mantle cell lymphoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:135. [PMID: 32859260 PMCID: PMC7456041 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rituximab is a well-established component of treatment regimens for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rituximab binds the CD20 antigen on the surface of B lymphocytes, causing an enhanced clearance of malignant and benign B cells. Thus, rituximab leads to depletion of normal B lymphocytes as well, which can cause substantial immunodeficiency. Ibrutinib inhibits the Bruton tyrosine kinase and thereby B-cell activity. It is used for the treatment of different B-lymphocyte malignancies, such as mantle cell lymphoma. Recently, the combination of both drugs has been tested in various clinical scenarios. Case presentation We present a case of disseminated enterovirus infection resulting from combined rituximab and ibrutinib maintenance treatment in a 57-year-old Caucasian patient. with mantle cell lymphoma. Initially presenting with myositis symptoms, further diagnostic investigation revealed myocarditis, enteritis, myeloencephalitis, and hepatitis. These organ manifestations led to potentially life-threatening complications such as rhabdomyolysis, delirium, and heart rhythm disturbances. After treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins, virus clearance was achieved and organ functions could be restored. Conclusions This case emphasizes the risk of combined therapy with rituximab/ibrutinib for severe immune-related side effects with the necessity of continuous patient monitoring. High-dose intravenous therapy should be considered as treatment for severe enterovirus infection. In severe enterovirus infections, we recommend subtyping for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Higer
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Denis Cana
- Division of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Podlech
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simin Schadmand-Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Infectiology and Immunology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Teschner
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Wölfel
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Hess
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia has changed substantially in the past decade with an increasing shift towards use of targeted therapies, in particular agents targeting the B cell receptor pathway. Inhibition of PI3K, downstream of the B cell receptor pathway, represents an active therapeutic strategy in CLL. Here, we explore the relevance of PI3K inhibition in CLL, examine efficacy and toxicity of approved PI3K inhibitors in CLL, examine barriers to use of PI3K inhibitors, and explore strategies to optimize use of PI3K inhibitors in CLL. RECENT FINDINGS Current generation PI3K inhibitors are active agents in CLL but their use may be limited by immune-mediated toxicities. Clinical trials of next generation PI3K inhibitors are ongoing and early data suggests these agents are highly active with potentially differentiated toxicity profiles. Furthermore, alternative dosing schedules may reduce toxicities of these agents. Inhibition of PI3K remains an important strategy in management of CLL and novel approaches to limit toxicities of PI3K inhibitors represent an important area of clinical research in CLL.
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15
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Therapeutic treatment with Ibrutinib attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice through downregulation of oxidative and inflammatory mediators in neutrophils and dendritic cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 877:173088. [PMID: 32234429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is clinically characterized by well-demarcated silvery plaques which may appear on the extremities, scalp, and sacral area. The multidimensional interactions among innate immune cells [neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs)], adaptive immune cells and skin resident cells result in characteristic features of psoriatic inflammation such as acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis. Tec family kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. One of them is Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) which is reported to carry out inflammatory and oxidative signaling in neutrophils and DCs. Effect of BTK inhibitor with regard to psoriatic inflammation has not been explored previously especially in a therapeutic setting. In the current investigation, effect of BTK inhibitor, Ibrutinib on oxidative/inflammatory signaling in dermal/splenic neutrophils [phosphorylated BTK (p-BTK), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine], CD11c + DCs (p-BTK, iNOS, nitrotyrosine, MCP-1, TNF-α) and enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR)] in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic inflammation was evaluated using therapeutic mode. Our results show that IMQ treatment led to induction of p-BTK expression along with concomitant increase in oxidative stress in neutrophils, and CD11c + DCs in skin/periphery. Therapeutic treatment with Ibrutinib caused attenuation of IMQ-induced oxidative stress in CD11c + DCs and neutrophils. Further there were dysregulations in antioxidants enzymes (SOD/GPx/GR) in the skin of IMQ-treated mice, which were corrected by Ibrutinib. In short, our study reveals that BTK signaling in neutrophils and CD11c + DCs upregulates oxidative stress which is concomitant with psoriatic inflammation in mice. Ibrutinib attenuates psoriasis inflammation through downregulation of oxidative stress in these innate immune cells.
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16
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Ibrutinib-based therapy impaired neutrophils microbicidal activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the early phases of treatment. Leuk Res 2019; 87:106233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Puła B, Gołos A, Górniak P, Jamroziak K. Overcoming Ibrutinib Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1834. [PMID: 31766355 PMCID: PMC6966427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib is the first Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which showed significant clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) patients regardless of cytogenetic risk factors. Recent results of phase III clinical trials in treatment-naïve CLL patients shift the importance of the agent to frontline therapy. Nevertheless, beside its clinical efficacy, ibrutinib possesses some off-target activity resulting in ibrutinib-characteristic adverse events including bleeding diathesis and arrhythmias. Furthermore, acquired and primary resistance to the drug have been described. As the use of ibrutinib in clinical practice increases, the problem of resistance is becoming apparent, and new methods of overcoming this clinical problem arise. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of BTK inhibitors' resistance and discuss the post-ibrutinib treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Gołos
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Varughese T, Taur Y, Cohen N, Palomba ML, Seo SK, Hohl TM, Redelman-Sidi G. Serious Infections in Patients Receiving Ibrutinib for Treatment of Lymphoid Cancer. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:687-692. [PMID: 29509845 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ibrutinib is a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of lymphoid cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. Several case series have described opportunistic infections among ibrutinib recipients, but the full extent of these infections is unknown. We sought to determine the spectrum of serious infections associated with ibrutinib treatment. Methods We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with lymphoid cancer at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center who received ibrutinib during a 5-year period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. Serious infections were identified by review of the relevant microbiology, clinical laboratory, and radiology data. Risk factors for infection were determined by means of univariate and multivariate analyses. Results We analyzed findings in 378 patients with lymphoid cancer who received ibrutinib. The most common underlying cancers were chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. 84% of patients received ibrutinib as monotherapy. Serious infection developed in 43 patients (11.4%), primarily during the first year of ibrutinib treatment. Invasive bacterial infections developed in 23 (53.5%) of these patients, and invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in 16 (37.2%) .The majority of patients with IFIs during ibrutinib therapy (62.5%) lacked classic clinical risk factors for fungal infection (ie, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and receipt of corticosteroids). Infection resulted in death in 6 of the 43 patients (14%). Conclusions Patients with lymphoid cancer receiving ibrutinib treatment are at risk for serious infections, including IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilly Varughese
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Nina Cohen
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - M Lia Palomba
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College.,Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
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19
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Pulz R, Angst D, Dawson J, Gessier F, Gutmann S, Hersperger R, Hinniger A, Janser P, Koch G, Revesz L, Vulpetti A, Waelchli R, Zimmerlin A, Cenni B. Design of Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Targeting an Inactive Conformation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1467-1472. [PMID: 31620235 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC kinase family and is selectively expressed in a subset of immune cells. It is a key regulator of antigen receptor signaling in B cells and of Fc receptor signaling in mast cells and macrophages. A BTK inhibitor will likely have a positive impact on autoimmune diseases which are caused by autoreactive B cells and immune-complex driven inflammation. We report the design, optimization, and characterization of potent and selective covalent BTK inhibitors. Starting from the selective reversible inhibitor 3 binding to an inactive conformation of BTK, we designed covalent irreversible compounds by attaching an electrophilic warhead to reach Cys481. The first prototype 4 covalently modified BTK and showed an excellent kinase selectivity including several Cys-containing kinases, validating the design concept. In addition, this compound blocked FcγR-mediated hypersensitivity in vivo. Optimization of whole blood potency and metabolic stability resulted in compounds such as 8, which maintained the excellent kinase selectivity and showed improved BTK occupancy in vivo.
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20
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Ran F, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang D, Wang P, Dong J, Tang W, Zhao G. Discovery of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as potent BTK inhibitors with effective anticancer activity in MCL. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Wu Y, Yang R, Ming Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Yao M, Chen X, Mao R, Fan Y. TAK1 is a druggable kinase for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:153-160. [PMID: 30907011 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of lymphoma, and up to 30% DLBCL patients eventually died by using first-line chemotherapy regimens. Currently, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor (ibrutinib) is one of the most promising medicine in clinical trials for DLBCL, to which about 25% of patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL are responsive. Thus, it is urgent to discover new druggable targets for DLBCL, especially for patients who are unresponsive to first-line chemotherapy and ibrutinib. Here, we found that MAP 3K7 (TAK1) is required for DLBCL survival. Inhibition of TAK1 by small molecule 5Z7 or genetic silence could massively induce deaths of DLBCL cells. Mechanistically, TAK1 inhibition could dramatically reduce the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Notably, ibrutinib-resistant DLBCL cells also respond to TAK1 inhibition. Database analysis showed that high expression of TAK1 in patients with DLBCL shows poor survival. A subtype of DLBCL patients showed that high expression of both TAK1 and BTK1 is poorly responsive to the current chemotherapy. Moreover, DLBCL cell line with high expression of both TAK1 and BTK1 is resistant to Dox. Simultaneously targeting TAK1 and BTK not only increases cellular toxicity of individual drug but also enhances the sensitivity to Dox. Taken together, we provide convincing evidence to show that kinase TAK1 is a druggable target in DLBCL. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Currently, there is still a significant portion of patients with DLBCL who are unresponsive to first-line chemotherapy. Thus, identification of novel druggable targets such as kinase is critical important. Here, we found that TAK1 inhibition promotes death of DLBCL cells through inhibition of chronic NF-κB signalling. Importantly, TAK1 inhibition overcomes ibrutinib resistance in DLBCL cells. Finally, DLBCL patients with high expression of both TAK1 and BTK showed extremely poor survival. In summary, we provide convincing results to demonstrate a potential important druggable kinase in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Riyun Yang
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanpei Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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22
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Anzilotti C, Swan DJ, Boisson B, Deobagkar-Lele M, Oliveira C, Chabosseau P, Engelhardt KR, Xu X, Chen R, Alvarez L, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Bull KR, Cawthorne E, Cribbs AP, Crockford TL, Dang TS, Fearn A, Fenech EJ, de Jong SJ, Lagerholm BC, Ma CS, Sims D, van den Berg B, Xu Y, Cant AJ, Kleiner G, Leahy TR, de la Morena MT, Puck JM, Shapiro RS, van der Burg M, Chapman JR, Christianson JC, Davies B, McGrath JA, Przyborski S, Santibanez Koref M, Tangye SG, Werner A, Rutter GA, Padilla-Parra S, Casanova JL, Cornall RJ, Conley ME, Hambleton S. An essential role for the Zn 2+ transporter ZIP7 in B cell development. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:350-361. [PMID: 30718914 PMCID: PMC6561116 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known importance of zinc for human immunity, molecular insights into its roles have remained limited. Here we report a novel autosomal recessive disease characterized by absent B cells, agammaglobulinemia and early onset infections in five unrelated families. The immunodeficiency results from hypomorphic mutations of SLC39A7, which encodes the endoplasmic reticulum-to-cytoplasm zinc transporter ZIP7. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis we have precisely modeled ZIP7 deficiency in mice. Homozygosity for a null allele caused embryonic death, but hypomorphic alleles reproduced the block in B cell development seen in patients. B cells from mutant mice exhibited a diminished concentration of cytoplasmic free zinc, increased phosphatase activity and decreased phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of the pre-B cell and B cell receptors. Our findings highlight a specific role for cytosolic Zn2+ in modulating B cell receptor signal strength and positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Swan
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163 Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xijin Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Katherine R Bull
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya L Crockford
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tarana Singh Dang
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy Fearn
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma J Fenech
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J de Jong
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Christoffer Lagerholm
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Sims
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bert van den Berg
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew J Cant
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gary Kleiner
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Teresa de la Morena
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Werner
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dynamic Structural Virology Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163 Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mary Ellen Conley
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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23
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Bruton tyrosine kinase degradation as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Blood 2018; 133:952-961. [PMID: 30545835 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-862953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is highly efficacious against multiple B-cell malignancies. However, it is not selective for BTK, and multiple mechanisms of resistance, including the C481S-BTK mutation, can compromise its efficacy. We hypothesized that small-molecule-induced BTK degradation may overcome some of the limitations of traditional enzymatic inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that BTK degradation results in potent suppression of signaling and proliferation in cancer cells and that BTK degraders efficiently degrade C481S-BTK. Moreover, we discovered DD-03-171, an optimized lead compound that exhibits enhanced antiproliferative effects on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells in vitro by degrading BTK, IKFZ1, and IKFZ3 as well as efficacy against patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Thus, "triple degradation" may be an effective therapeutic approach for treating MCL and overcoming ibrutinib resistance, thereby addressing a major unmet need in the treatment of MCL and other B-cell lymphomas.
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Tam CS, Brown JR. Vigilance for ibrutinib-associated ventricular arrhythmias: rare but be aware. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2767-2768. [PMID: 30032684 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1482546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine S Tam
- a Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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25
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Buhimschi AD, Armstrong HA, Toure M, Jaime-Figueroa S, Chen TL, Lehman AM, Woyach JA, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Crews CM. Targeting the C481S Ibrutinib-Resistance Mutation in Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Using PROTAC-Mediated Degradation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3564-3575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru D. Buhimschi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Haley A. Armstrong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Momar Toure
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Saul Jaime-Figueroa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Timothy L. Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amy M. Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Woyach
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amy J. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John C. Byrd
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
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26
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Xue Y, Song P, Song Z, Wang A, Tong L, Geng M, Ding J, Liu Q, Sun L, Xie H, Zhang A. Discovery of 4,7-Diamino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-6-methylene-pyrimido[5,4-b]pyrrolizines as Novel Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4608-4627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peiran Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | | | - Meiyu Geng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Ding
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Xie
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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27
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Chen H, Song P, Diao Y, Hao Y, Dou D, Wang W, Fang X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Ding J, Li H, Xie H, Xu Y. Discovery and biological evaluation of N5-substituted 6,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydropteridine derivatives as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:697-704. [PMID: 30108960 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a critical role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling pathways responsible for the development and function of B cells, which makes it an attractive target for the treatment of many types of B-cell malignancies. Herein, a series of N5-substituted 6,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydropteridine-based, irreversible BTK inhibitors were reported with IC50 values ranging from 1.9 to 236.6 nM in the enzymatic inhibition assay. Compounds 6 and 7 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Ramos cells which overexpress the BTK enzyme, as well as the autophosphorylation of BTK at Tyr223 and the activation of its downstream signaling molecule PLCγ2. Overall, this series of compounds could provide a promising starting point for further development of potent BTK inhibitors for B-cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Peiran Song
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Yongjia Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Dou Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Yanling Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China .
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China .
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 21 64250213
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28
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Satterthwaite AB. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, a Component of B Cell Signaling Pathways, Has Multiple Roles in the Pathogenesis of Lupus. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1986. [PMID: 29403475 PMCID: PMC5786522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of adaptive immune tolerance to nucleic acid-containing antigens. The resulting autoantibodies form immune complexes that promote inflammation and tissue damage. Defining the signals that drive pathogenic autoantibody production is an important step in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches for lupus, which is currently treated primarily with non-specific immunosuppression. Here, we review the contribution of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), a component of B and myeloid cell signaling pathways, to disease in murine lupus models. Both gain- and loss-of-function genetic studies have revealed that Btk plays multiple roles in the production of autoantibodies. These include promoting the activation, plasma cell differentiation, and class switching of autoreactive B cells. Small molecule inhibitors of Btk are effective at reducing autoantibody levels, B cell activation, and kidney damage in several lupus models. These studies suggest that Btk may promote end-organ damage both by facilitating the production of autoantibodies and by mediating the inflammatory response of myeloid cells to these immune complexes. While Btk has not been associated with SLE in GWAS studies, SLE B cells display signaling defects in components both upstream and downstream of Btk consistent with enhanced activation of Btk signaling pathways. Taken together, these observations indicate that limiting Btk activity is critical for maintaining B cell tolerance and preventing the development of autoimmune disease. Btk inhibitors, generally well-tolerated and approved to treat B cell malignancy, may thus be a useful therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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29
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Wu L, Zhang YZ, Xia B, Li XW, Yuan T, Tian C, Zhao HF, Yu Y, Sotomayor E. [Ibrutinib inhibits mesenchymal stem cells-mediated drug resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:1036-1042. [PMID: 29365396 PMCID: PMC7342183 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the mechanism of ibrutinib on drug resistance diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Methods: DLBCL cell line was cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) , and DLBCL cells which migrated and adhered to MSC under microscope was counted. The secretion of CXCL12 by MSC were measured by ELISA. The expression of CXCR4 on DLBCL cells were measured by flow cytometry, HBL-1 cells were transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector. An Annexin Ⅴ-binding assay was used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Clonogenic growth of DLBCL cells was evaluated on MethoCult media. Ibrutinib was injected into NOD/SCID mice, tumor growth was assessed via caliper measurements every 3 days. Results: MSC promoted migration and adhesion of DLBCL cells to MSC. Ibrutinib inhibited migration and adhesion of DLBCL cells to MSC in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) . CXCL12 secreted by MSC and CXCR4 expressed on DLBCL cells could induce each other, which upgraded the levels of secretion and expression. Ibrutinib could inhibit the secretion of CXCL12 (SUDHL10: 660 pg/ml vs 1 400 pg/ml, P=0.004; HBL-1: 720 pg/ml vs 1 490 pg/ml, P=0.018; DLBCL:850 pg/ml vs 1 450 pg/ml, P=0.004) and expression of CXCR4 (P<0.05) . When co-cultured with MSC, the ratio of HBL-1 cells apoptosis in the group of control, mitoxantrone, ibrutinib, mitoxantrone+ibrutinib were respectively 15.1%, 17.5%, 23.5%, 58.7%. After transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector and overexpressed CXCR4, the ratios of HBL-1 cells apoptosis were 14.2%, 16.1%, 22.5%, 38.3% respectively. The ratio of DLBCL cells apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone was lower when co-cultured with MSC (P<0.05) . But with the addition of ibrutinib, the ratio of apoptosis was increaed and it was similar to cultivation without MSC, which suggested ibrutinib could inhibit drug-resistance induced by MSC. But after transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector, the overexpression of CXCR4 was detected and the ratio of apoptosis was significantly lower when co-cultured with MSC which demonstrated that ibrutinib inhibited drug-resistance by inhibiting the expression of CXCR4. MSC enhanced lymphoma clonogenicity in vitro and lymphoma cell growth in vivo. The number of colonies of control, MSC, Ibrutinib, MSC+Ibrutinib were 113±5, 205±4, 62±9, 123±3 (2.5×10(3)/well, x±s) , respectively. The tumor volume of NOD/SCID mice were respectively 6 500, 17 000, 4 000, 10 000 mm(3). Ibrutinib inhibited lymphoma clonogenicity in vitro and lymphoma cell growth in vitro. Conclusion: Ibrutinib targeted the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, inhibited the expression of CXCR4 and inhibited MSC-mediated drug resistance. Ibrutinib also inhibited lymphoma clonogenicity in vitro and lymphoma cell growth in vivo. These results provided a scientific rationality for relapsed/refractory DLBCL treatment with ibrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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30
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Tripathi R, Lee-Verges E, Higashi M, Gimenez N, Rosich L, Lopez-Guerra M, Colomer D. New drug discovery approaches targeting recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1041-1052. [PMID: 28776453 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1362387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next generation sequencing has provided a comprehensive understanding of the mutational landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and new drivers have been identified. Some of these drivers could be pharmacologically targeted to choose the most effective personalized therapy in each CLL patient. Areas covered: In this article, the authors uncover the potential role of new targeted therapies against the most recurrent mutations in CLL as well as the recently approved therapies. The authors also provide their expert opinion and give their perspectives for the future. Expert opinion: The development of more personalized therapies is of interest to clinicians as a system to enhance the duration of treatment response and to extend the survival and quality of life of CLL patients. The main challenge, however, will be to translate the preclinical results into the clinics. Therefore, the designing and execution of clinical trials focused on molecular drivers are the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Tripathi
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eriong Lee-Verges
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Neus Gimenez
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Monica Lopez-Guerra
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- a Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit , Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC , Barcelona , Spain
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31
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Musumeci F, Sanna M, Greco C, Giacchello I, Fallacara AL, Amato R, Schenone S. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines active as Btk inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:1305-1318. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1355908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Sanna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Greco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giacchello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Dipartimento di “Scienze della Salute”, Università “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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