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Interventions and Impact of Pharmacist-Delivered Services for People Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091630. [PMID: 36141242 PMCID: PMC9498522 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists are essential members of the healthcare team. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led pharmacists to undertake additional clinical roles. We aim to conduct a systematic review on the interventions and impact of pharmacist-delivered services in managing COVID-19 patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL plus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science from 1 December 2019 (the first case of COVID-19 emerged) to 13 January 2022 to retrieve the articles. Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines were followed respectively to perform and report the review. The pharmacist-led interventions were reported following the Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool (DEPICT) version 2. The protocol of systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021277128). Studies quality was assessed with the modified NOS scale. In total, 7 observational studies were identified from 10,838 studies. Identification of dosage errors (n = 6 studies), regimen modifications (n = 5), removal of obsolete/duplicate medications (n = 5), identification and management of adverse drug reactions (n = 4), drug interactions prevention (n = 2), and physicians acceptance rate (n = 3) of therapy-related services delivered in-person or via tele-pharmacy were among the pharmacist-delivered services. Common interventions delivered by pharmacists also included optimizing the use of antibacterial, antivirals, and anticoagulants in COVID-19 infected patients. The acceptance of pharmacist-delivered services by physicians was high (88.5–95.5%). Included studies have described pharmacists’ beneficial role in managing patients with COVID-19 including detection, resolution, and prevention of medication-related problems, with physicians demonstrating high trust in pharmacists’ advice. Future research should assess the feasibility and scalability of such roles in real-world settings.
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Song Z, Hu Y, Ren Z, Wang G, Liu S, Zheng S, Yang L, Zhao R. Optimal Management of the Public and Patients by Pharmacists in the Era of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review and Practical Recommendations. Front Public Health 2022; 9:758325. [PMID: 35087781 PMCID: PMC8787106 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.758325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Currently, managing the public and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is constituting a health care challenge worldwide. Patient-oriented management is of crucial importance to promote emergency preparedness and response. This study aims to formulate an integrated pharmacist management strategy of the public and patients and to provide evidence-based and practical references. Methods: Evidence-based review and practical analysis were utilized. First, PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese database were searched. Studies about patient management in major public health emergencies were included. Second, the Chinese experience of patient management was analyzed and identified. Finally, combining evidence-based and practical analysis, the pharmacist management strategy of the public and patients was researched and summarized. Results: Regarding the home quarantine period, pharmacist management services should include medication guidance, guidance on risk monitoring, sanitation measures education, health management guidance and psychological support. Regarding the outpatient visit period, pharmacists should participate in the control of in-hospital infections and provide physician-pharmacist joint clinic services, pharmacy clinic services, medication therapy management, medication consultation services, drug supply guarantee and drug dispensing services. Regarding the hospitalization period, pharmacist management services should include monitoring and evaluating the safety and efficacy of medications, providing strengthened care for special populations and other pharmaceutical care. For non-hospitalized or discharged patients, pharmacist management services should include formulating medication materials and establishing pharmacy management files for discharged patients. Conclusion: An evidence-based, patient-centered and entire-process-integrated pharmacist management strategy of the public and patients is established, which remedies the gaps in the existing patient management and can be implemented to support pharmacists' contributions to COVID-19 pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Marzo RR, Sami W, Alam MZ, Acharya S, Jermsittiparsert K, Songwathana K, Pham NT, Respati T, Faller EM, Baldonado AM, Aung Y, Borkar SM, Essar MY, Shrestha S, Yi S. Hesitancy in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among the general adult population: a cross-sectional study in six Southeast Asian countries. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:4. [PMID: 34983692 PMCID: PMC8727234 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines are effective and reliable public health interventions against viral outbreaks and pandemics. However, hesitancy regarding the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine is evident worldwide. Therefore, understanding vaccination-related behavior is critical in expanding the vaccine coverage to flatten the infection curve. This study explores the public perception regarding COVID-19 vaccination and identifies factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among the general adult populations in six Southeast Asian countries. Methods Using a snowball sampling approach, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 5260 participants in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam between February and May 2021. Binary logistic regression analysis with a backward conditional approach was applied to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Of the total, 50.6% were female, and the median age was 30 years (range: 15–83 years). The majority of the participants believed that vaccination effectively prevents and controls COVID-19 (81.2%), and 84.0% would accept COVID-19 vaccines when they become available. They agreed that health providers’ advice (83.0%), vaccination convenience (75.6%), and vaccine costs (62.8%) are essential for people to decide whether to accept COVID-19 vaccines. About half (49.3%) expressed their hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. After adjustment for other covariates, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with age, residential area, education levels, employment status, and family economic status. Participants from Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam were significantly more likely to express hesitancy in receiving COVID-19 vaccines than those from Philippines. Conclusions In general, participants in this multi-country study showed their optimistic perception of COVID-19 vaccines’ effectiveness and willingness to receive them. However, about half of them still expressed their hesitancy in getting vaccinated. The hesitation was associated with several socioeconomic factors and varied by country. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination programs should consider these factors essential for increasing vaccine uptake in the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Masai, Johor, Malaysia.,Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waqas Sami
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Md Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Swosti Acharya
- Department of Nursing, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Province Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | | | - Nhat Tan Pham
- International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Titik Respati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Graduate Studies, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Martinez Faller
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pedro College, Davao City, Philippines
| | | | - Yadanar Aung
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Province Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Siyan Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, USA
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Shrestha S, Shrestha S, Sapkota B, Shakya R, Roien R, Mohamed Ibrahim MI. Reintroduction of Post-Baccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD, Post-Bac) Program in Nepal: Exploration of the Obstacles and Solutions to Move Forward. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:159-166. [PMID: 35221745 PMCID: PMC8864168 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s348601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This commentary article highlights the status of clinical pharmacy education in Nepal, explores the challenges and solutions in sustainably reintroducing Post-Baccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD, Post-Bac) in Nepal, as was previously launched by Kathmandu University (KU) Department of Pharmacy in 2010, and suggests a few prospects forward. Clinical pharmacy practice has remained on the sidelines and subordinate to physicians in Nepal. KU launched the PharmD (Post-Bac.) as a postgraduate program to establish the professional identity of clinical pharmacists in the country. However, despite unremitting efforts, the program did not thrive long and held since 2014. This paper aimed to explore challenges that remained at the forefront of the program and provide possible solutions for its reintroduction. The KU produced three batches of PharmD Post-Bac. graduates and now the revival of the program is crucial. Undoubtedly, a well-trained clinical preceptor can bring significant changes in the quality and competency of the PharmD graduates. Advocacy programs to foster the role of clinical pharmacists in the patient care services and revisiting of Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) curriculum to complement the necessity of the PharmD program are needed. The non-sustenance of the PharmD program is emblematic of the dire mosaic that the clinical pharmacists are facing while delivering patient-oriented services in the country. Hence, strategies need to be formulated for the revival and sustainability of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Nobel College of Health Sciences, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Correspondence: Sweta Shrestha; Rohullah Roien, Email ;
| | - Binaya Sapkota
- Nobel College of Health Sciences, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajani Shakya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Rohullah Roien
- Medical Research Centre, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Marzo RR, Ahmad A, Islam MS, Essar MY, Heidler P, King I, Thiyagarajan A, Jermsittiparsert K, Songwathana K, Younus DA, El-Abasiri RA, Bicer BK, Pham NT, Respati T, Fitriyana S, Faller EM, Baldonado AM, Billah MA, Aung Y, Hassan SM, Asad MM, El-Fass KA, Bhattacharya S, Shrestha S, Hamza NAE, Friedmann P, Head M, Lin Y, Yi S. Perceived COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, acceptance, and drivers of vaccination decision-making among the general adult population: A global survey of 20 countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010103. [PMID: 35089917 PMCID: PMC8797205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mass vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the COVID-19 burden. However, vaccine hesitancy has posed significant global concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics that influence perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, acceptability, hesitancy and decision making to take vaccine among general adult populations in a variety of socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Methods Using a snowball sampling approach, we conducted an online cross-sectional study in 20 countries across four continents from February to May 2021. Results A total of 10,477 participants were included in the analyses with a mean age of 36±14.3 years. The findings revealed the prevalence of perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness (78.8%), acceptance (81.8%), hesitancy (47.2%), and drivers of vaccination decision-making (convenience [73.3%], health providers’ advice [81.8%], and costs [57.0%]). The county-wise distribution included effectiveness (67.8–95.9%; 67.8% in Egypt to 95.9% in Malaysia), acceptance (64.7–96.0%; 64.7% in Australia to 96.0% in Malaysia), hesitancy (31.5–86.0%; 31.5% in Egypt to 86.0% in Vietnam), convenience (49.7–95.7%; 49.7% in Austria to 95.7% in Malaysia), advice (66.1–97.3%; 66.1% in Austria to 97.3% in Malaysia), and costs (16.0–91.3%; 16.0% in Vietnam to 91.3% in Malaysia). In multivariable regression analysis, several socio-demographic characteristics were identified as associated factors of outcome variables including, i) vaccine effectiveness: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, and higher income; ii) acceptance: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, married, and higher income; and iii) hesitancy: male, higher education, employed, unmarried, and lower income. Likewise, the factors associated with vaccination decision-making including i) convenience: younger age, urban residence, higher education, married, and lower income; ii) advice: younger age, urban residence, higher education, unemployed/student, married, and medium income; and iii) costs: younger age, higher education, unemployed/student, and lower income. Conclusions Most participants believed that vaccination would effectively control and prevent COVID-19, and they would take vaccinations upon availability. Determinant factors found in this study are critical and should be considered as essential elements in developing COVID-19 vaccination campaigns to boost vaccination uptake in the populations. This large-scale multi-country study explores perceived COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, acceptability, and hesitancy rates and their related factors among the general adult populations from 20 countries. We found that a considerable proportion of the participants has an intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. However, more than half still expressed their hesitancy to receive the vaccines. Countries where the majority of respondents responded that they would accept COVID-19 vaccination included Malaysia (96.0%), Bangladesh (93.6%), and Iraq (91.8%). The majority of the participants from Vietnam (86.0%) and Turkey (74.7%) expressed hesitance to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Perceived vaccine effectiveness ranged from 67.8% in Egypt to 95.9% in Malaysia. The participants believed that convenience, health providers’ advice, and costs of vaccines are important for people to decide whether to accept COVID-19 vaccines. Country of residence, age, sex, level of education, area of residence, marital status, and family economic status were significantly associated with tendency to undergo COVID-19 vaccination and the perception that COVID-19 vaccine decision-making is influenced by convenience. The findings of this study provide useful guidance for tailored interventions to enhance the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Promotional program addressed on detected socioeconomic factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Absar Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Petra Heidler
- Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of International Business and Export Management, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- University for Continuing Education Krems, Department for Economy and Health, Krems, Austria
| | - Isabel King
- University of the Sunshine Coast, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Maroochydore, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast University Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Arulmani Thiyagarajan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Delan Ameen Younus
- General Directorate for Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Burcu Kucuk Bicer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nhat Tan Pham
- School of Business, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Titik Respati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Graduate Studies, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Susan Fitriyana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Martinez Faller
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pedro College, Davao City, Philippines
| | | | - Md Arif Billah
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yadanar Aung
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kareem Ahmed El-Fass
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudip Bhattacharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Pascal Friedmann
- Lumpkin College of Business and Technology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Head
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Siyan Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, United States of America
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Dos Santos JRB. Regional drug information center disseminates educational materials related to the COVID-19 pandemic. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 4:100080. [PMID: 34667973 PMCID: PMC8516659 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug information centers (DIC) play an important role in providing correct and scientifically supported information on medicinal products. In the pandemic scenario, this action is considered fundamental to the process of health education. Objective To describe and identify the dissemination of educational materials and their acceptance regarding the COVID-19 pandemic by a regional drug information center (RDIC) linked to a Brazilian public university. Method The educational materials were disseminated in the communication channels (social media) of the RDIC and university. Seventeen educational notices were produced and disclosed from May to August 2020. The measure of reach was considered to be the number of “likes”, sharing and number of people reached. Results Overall, 28.9% (n = 4071) of the online visitors “liked” the material about vaccines tested for COVID-19, followed by 12.9% (n = 1824) “likes” of the material about ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment, and 8.9% (n = 1250) “likes” of the material that explained the time necessary to develop and test a vaccine and the duration of the pandemic. Conclusion The interest expressed by the “likes” of educational materials about vaccines indicates that the DIC in question has a strategic role in disseminating scientifically backed information about the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Rocha Borges Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sadagoban GK, Baiju A, Sanjeev S, Ayilya M, Borra SS. A cumulative review on the utilisation of drug information services provided in India. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To understand the utilisation of drug information services provided in India.
Key findings
The quantitative aspects of drug information queries were assessed. Majority of the queries were raised from the General Medicine Department (43.64%) and by clinicians (41.77%), most of them were regarding adverse drug reactions (18.17%) and the prime purpose of the enquirer was to update knowledge (46.73%). The three steps for qualitative assessment and evaluation of drug information services were assessed and the overall response from the receiver’s perspective was found to be very good/satisfactory and the provider’s perspective was rendered excellent.
Summary
There is an increased need to expand the scope of drug information services and promote awareness regarding the services and it is recommended that every hospital have a Drug Information Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sadagoban
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aiswarya Baiju
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samantha Sanjeev
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ayilya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Swaroopa Borra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris,Tamil Nadu, India
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Shrestha S, Jha N, Palaian S, Shankar PR. Knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among community pharmacy practitioners working in Kathmandu, Nepal: A pilot study. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120974513. [PMID: 33282309 PMCID: PMC7686608 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120974513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Good knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019, among community pharmacy practitioners (CPPs), will enable them to provide correct information and support to patients, convey instructions from the public health authorities and protect their own health. Objective The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among CPPs working in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method from 10 February to 25 March 2020. Data were analysed descriptively, and one-sample independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare scores among different subgroups of respondents (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses (following analysis of variance) were done using the Bonferroni test. Results A total of 81 CPPs participated. Mean ± standard deviation age was 26.70 ± 5.29 years. Majority of the respondents were male (64.2%). Many CPPs (40.7%) had work experience between 1 and 5 years. Almost half (45.7%) had an educational qualification of Diploma in Pharmacy. Significant differences in knowledge (p = 0.022) and preparedness (p < 0.001) were found among individuals with differing levels of work experience. Similarly, a significant difference was found between knowledge-preparedness and work experience (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001), location of pharmacy (p < 0.001) and educational qualification (p = 0.031). Awareness (p < 0.001) and preparedness scores (p = 0.049) were different among community pharmacies with the different number of medicines available. Conclusion Knowledge was found to be higher in CPPs with a work experience of more than 5 years. CPPs working at larger community pharmacies were more aware and prepared. CPPs' knowledge, awareness and preparedness should be evaluated more widely and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nisha Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pathyil Ravi Shankar
- IMU Centre for Education, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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