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Yang W, Cai Y, Chen J, Yang P, Ying Z, Liang Y, Ling M, Zhu K, Sun H, Ji Y, Peng X, Zhang N, Ma W, Ge M. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and prognoses of pediatric brain tumors: Experiences of national center for children's health. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1067858. [PMID: 36776329 PMCID: PMC9915562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1067858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and prognoses in a national health center for children. Methods From January 2015 to December 2020, 484 patients aged 0-16 years, who were diagnosed with brain tumors and received neurosurgery treatment, were enrolled in the study. Pathology was based on the World Health Organization 2021 nervous system tumor classification, and tumor behaviors were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition. Results Among the 484 patients with brain tumors, the median age at diagnosis was 4.62 [2.19, 8.17] years (benign tumors 4.07 [1.64, 7.13] vs. malignant tumors 5.36 [2.78, 8.84], p=0.008). The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.33:1(benign 1.09:1 vs. malignant 1.62:1, p=0.029). Nausea, vomiting, and headache were the most frequent initial symptoms. The three most frequent tumor types were embryonal tumors (ET, 22.8%), circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (20.0%), and pediatric-type diffuse gliomas (11.0%). The most common tumor locations were the cerebellum and fourth ventricle (38.67%), the sellar region (22.9%) and ventricles (10.6%). Males took up a higher proportion than females in choroid plexus tumors (63.6%), ET (61.1%), ependymal tumors (68.6%), and germ cell tumors (GCTs, 78.1%). Patients were followed for 1 to 82 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 77.5%, with survival rates of 91.0% for benign tumors and 64.6% for malignant tumors. Conclusion Brain tumors presented particularly sex-, age-, and regional-dependent epidemiological characteristics. Our results were consistent with previous reports and might reflect the real epidemiological status in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zesheng Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hailang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqi Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Ge,
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Leibetseder A, Preusser M, Berghoff AS. New Approaches with Precision Medicine in Adult Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:712. [PMID: 35158978 PMCID: PMC8833635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogenous group of tumors. The 2021 fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS emphasizes the advanced role of molecular diagnostics with routine implementation of molecular biomarkers in addition to histologic features in the classification of CNS tumors. Thus, novel diagnostic methods such as DNA methylome profiling are increasingly used to provide a more precise diagnostic work-up of CNS tumors. In addition to these diagnostic precision medicine advantages, molecular alterations are also addressed therapeutically with targeted therapies. Like in other tumor entities, precision medicine has therefore also arrived in the treatment of CNS malignancies as the application of targeted therapies has shown promising response rates. Nevertheless, large prospective studies are currently missing as most targeted therapies were evaluated in single arm, basket, or platform trials. In this review, we focus on the current evidence of precision medicine in the treatment of primary CNS tumors in adults. We outline the pathogenic background and prevalence of the most frequent targetable genetic alterations and summarize the existing evidence of precision medicine approaches for the treatment of primary CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Leibetseder
- Department of Neurology 1, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurooncology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Sophie Berghoff
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Doz F, van Tilburg CM, Geoerger B, Højgaard M, Øra I, Boni V, Capra M, Chisholm J, Chung HC, DuBois SG, Gallego-Melcon S, Gerber NU, Goto H, Grilley-Olson JE, Hansford JR, Hong DS, Italiano A, Kang HJ, Nysom K, Thorwarth A, Stefanowicz J, Tahara M, Ziegler DS, Gavrilovic IT, Norenberg R, Dima L, De La Cuesta E, Laetsch TW, Drilon A, Perreault S. Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in TRK fusion-positive primary central nervous system tumors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:997-1007. [PMID: 34850167 PMCID: PMC9159442 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Larotrectinib is a first-in-class, highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor approved to treat adult and pediatric patients with TRK fusion-positive cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion-positive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Methods Patients with TRK fusion-positive primary CNS tumors from two clinical trials (NCT02637687, NCT02576431) were identified. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Results As of July 2020, 33 patients with TRK fusion-positive CNS tumors were identified (median age: 8.9 years; range: 1.3–79.0). The most common histologies were high-grade glioma (HGG; n = 19) and low-grade glioma (LGG; n = 8). ORR was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16–49) for all patients. The 24-week disease control rate was 73% (95% CI: 54–87). Twenty-three of 28 patients (82%) with measurable disease had tumor shrinkage. The 12-month rates for duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 75% (95% CI: 45–100), 56% (95% CI: 38–74), and 85% (95% CI: 71–99), respectively. Median time to response was 1.9 months (range 1.0–3.8 months). Duration of treatment ranged from 1.2–31.3+ months. Treatment-related adverse events were reported for 20 patients, with grade 3–4 in 3 patients. No new safety signals were identified. Conclusions In patients with TRK fusion-positive CNS tumors, larotrectinib demonstrated rapid and durable responses, high disease control rate, and a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Doz
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and research for children and AYA with cancer), Institut Curie and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cornelis M van Tilburg
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund & Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid CIOCC, HM Hospital Universitario Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julia Chisholm
- Children and Young Peoples Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nicolas U Gerber
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juneko E Grilley-Olson
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David S Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Karsten Nysom
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Thorwarth
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Stefanowicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Makoto Tahara
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - David S Ziegler
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Laura Dima
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Children's Health, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Current affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Diethelm-Varela B. Using NMR Spectroscopy in the Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of Small-Molecule Anticancer Targeted Therapies. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:725-742. [PMID: 33236493 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Against the challenge of providing personalized cancer care, the development of targeted therapies stands as a promising approach. The discovery of these agents can benefit from fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) methods that help guide ligand design and provide key structural information on the targets of interest. In particular, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a promising biophysical tool in fragment discovery due to its detection capabilities and versatility. This review provides an overview of FBDD, describes the basis of NMR-based fragment screening, summarizes some exciting technical advances reported over the past decades, and closes with a discussion of selected case studies where this technique has been used as part of drug discovery campaigns to produce lead compounds towards the design of anti-cancer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Diethelm-Varela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Amero P, Khatua S, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G. Aptamers: Novel Therapeutics and Potential Role in Neuro-Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102889. [PMID: 33050158 PMCID: PMC7600320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A relatively new paradigm in cancer therapeutics is the use of cancer cell-specific aptamers, both as therapeutic agents and for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. After the first therapeutic aptamer was described nearly 25 years ago, and the subsequent first aptamer drug approved, many efforts have been made to translate preclinical research into clinical oncology settings. Studies of aptamer-based technology have unveiled the vast potential of aptamers in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Among pediatric solid cancers, brain tumors are the leading cause of death. Although a few aptamer-related translational studies have been performed in adult glioblastoma, the use of aptamers in pediatric neuro-oncology remains unexplored. This review will discuss the biology of aptamers, including mechanisms of targeting cell surface proteins, various modifications of aptamer structure to enhance therapeutic efficacy, the current state and challenges of aptamer use in neuro-oncology, and the potential therapeutic role of aptamers in pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.); Tel.: +1-713-563-6150 (C.R.-A.); +1-713-792-8140 (G.L.-B.)
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.); Tel.: +1-713-563-6150 (C.R.-A.); +1-713-792-8140 (G.L.-B.)
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6
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Gambella A, Senetta R, Collemi G, Vallero SG, Monticelli M, Cofano F, Zeppa P, Garbossa D, Pellerino A, Rudà R, Soffietti R, Fagioli F, Papotti M, Cassoni P, Bertero L. NTRK Fusions in Central Nervous System Tumors: A Rare, but Worthy Target. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030753. [PMID: 31979374 PMCID: PMC7037946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) genes (NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3) code for three transmembrane high-affinity tyrosine-kinase receptors for nerve growth factors (TRK-A, TRK-B, and TRK-C) which are mainly involved in nervous system development. Loss of function alterations in these genes can lead to nervous system development problems; conversely, activating alterations harbor oncogenic potential, promoting cell proliferation/survival and tumorigenesis. Chromosomal rearrangements are the most clinically relevant alterations of pathological NTRK activation, leading to constitutionally active chimeric receptors. NTRK fusions have been detected with extremely variable frequencies in many pediatric and adult cancer types, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors. These alterations can be detected by different laboratory assays (e.g., immunohistochemistry, FISH, sequencing), but each of these approaches has specific advantages and limitations which must be taken into account for an appropriate use in diagnostics or research. Moreover, therapeutic targeting of this molecular marker recently showed extreme efficacy. Considering the overall lack of effective treatments for brain neoplasms, it is expected that detection of NTRK fusions will soon become a mainstay in the diagnostic assessment of CNS tumors, and thus in-depth knowledge regarding this topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gambella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Giammarco Collemi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Gabriele Vallero
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (P.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (P.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (P.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (P.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Alessia Pellerino
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-633-5466
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