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Antoranz Y, Sáez de Villarreal E, del Campo Vecino J, Jiménez-Saiz SL. Sure Steps: Key Strategies for Protecting Basketball Players from Injuries-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4912. [PMID: 39201056 PMCID: PMC11355145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Basketball is a high-intensity sport, which includes actions such as jumping, changes of direction, accelerations, and decelerations, which generates fatigue situations that may increase the risk of injury. Specifically, the joints at greatest risk are the ankle and knee, with ankle sprains and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears being the most prevalent injuries. There are several strategies aimed at reducing the incidence, based on training methods or other prophylactic measures. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to perform a systematic review of the different injury prevention strategies in competitive-level basketball players with respect to general injuries, ankle sprains, and ACL injuries. Methods: For this purpose, the PRISMA methodology was applied, performing a search in three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) between 25 September 2023 and 8 October 2023. Results: A total of 964 articles were identified, out of which 283 were duplicates and 644 were discarded. Out of the remaining 37, 23 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria; therefore, 14 articles were finally included. With respect to general injuries, 8 out of 14 studies reviewed them. Concerning ankle sprains, 7 studies specifically analyzed them. Finally, 3 studies focused on ACL injuries. Conclusions: Training programs that combine different contents, known as neuromuscular training, including strength work, stabilization or core, mobility, and agility are the most effective for both general injuries and ACL injuries. For ankle sprains, the most effective measures are training programs based on analytical ankle stability exercises and the use of ankle braces. Adherence to prevention programs is essential, so they can be included as part of the warm-up. Other strategies such as training load control, functional assessment, or rule modification are not used in the included articles, so their effectiveness as prophylactic methods could not be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Antoranz
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.A.); (J.d.C.V.)
| | - Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal
- Physical Performance Sports Research Center (PPSRC), Universidad Pablo Olavide Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan del Campo Vecino
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.A.); (J.d.C.V.)
| | - Sergio L. Jiménez-Saiz
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Education & Sport Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Alexe DI, Čaušević D, Čović N, Rani B, Tohănean DI, Abazović E, Setiawan E, Alexe CI. The Relationship between Functional Movement Quality and Speed, Agility, and Jump Performance in Elite Female Youth Football Players. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:214. [PMID: 39195590 PMCID: PMC11359347 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between movement screening and physical fitness testing in athletes is conflicting, and therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS) performance and physical performance in elite female youth football players. Twenty-two players from the national U16 team of Bosnia and Herzegovina underwent FMS and physical performance tests, including speed, agility, and jump assessments. Jump and speed performance score correlated well with ASLR, while the overall FMS score was not associated with any of the performance variables. These findings suggest that while certain movement patterns may impact athletic performance, the relationship between movement screening and physical performance is delicate. Coaches and practitioners should consider individual variations and sport-specific demands when interpreting FMS results in order to optimize and maximize athlete performance and reduce injury risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania;
| | - Denis Čaušević
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (D.Č.); (N.Č.); (E.A.)
| | - Nedim Čović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (D.Č.); (N.Č.); (E.A.)
| | - Babina Rani
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation & Medicine (Physiotherapy), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Dragoș Ioan Tohănean
- Department of Motric Performance, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Ensar Abazović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (D.Č.); (N.Č.); (E.A.)
| | - Edi Setiawan
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Suryakancana University, Cianjur Kidul 43216, Indonesia;
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania
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Asgari M, Alizadeh MH, Naderi M, Abshenas E, Sahebozamani M, Yazdani S, Nolte K, Alizadeh S, Mohammadi M, Kooroshfard N, Arghadeh R, Jaitner T. Little associations exist between the three commonly used functional screening tests in collegiate athletes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13611. [PMID: 38871829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although an abundant number of studies have investigated the predictability of the commonly used functional screening tests and despite their popularity and applicability, the relationships between these tests have rarely been studied and have not been well established. This study aimed to examine the potential association between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (YBT), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Six hundred twenty-seven Iranian collegiate athletes (347 males, age = 22.63 ± 4.07, weight = 75.98 ± 13.79, height = 181.99 ± 10.15, BMI = 22.84 ± 3.16; and 280 females, age = 22.22 ± 3.37, weight = 60.63 ± 9.58, height = 166.55 ± 6.49, BMI = 21.81 ± 2.84) participated in this study. Following a 5-min warm-up, each participant underwent a standardized screening battery including the FMS, YBT, and LESS, and the scores were recorded and live coded for the statistical analysis, except for the LESS. The LESS tests were video recorded and scored by one expert examiner using an open-source 2D video analysis software (Kinovea- version 0.9.5), afterwards. The Spearman correlation was utilized as a measure for the correlation, and the Mann‒Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to check the differences between male and female athletes. The statistical analysis was performed with RStudio 2023.03.0 using R 4.3.1. A small correlation (0.364) was observed between the FMS composite score and the YBT in male athletes. All other pairwise correlations were negligible among male and female athletes, ranging from - 0.096 to 0.294. Reducing the FMS to the component scores targeting the lower extremities did not alter the correlation to the other screening scores. The median FMS composite score in female athletes was significantly higher than that in males (p < 0.001). Negligible correlations exist between the FMS, LESS, and YBT; they do not measure the same values and therefore are irreplaceable with one another. A combination of these tests as a standardized screening battery may potentially better identify injury-predisposed athletes than the application of each test as a stand-alone screening test. Females outperformed males in the FMS test significantly, so sex must be considered a key variable in the FMS studies. Males had slightly higher LESS scores (median difference = 0.5) than females, but this difference is not clinically meaningful. Future research should continue to explore the relationships between various functional screening tests and identify the most effective combinations for comprehensive assessment in different populations and sports disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Asgari
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naderi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Abshenas
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Sahebozamani
- Department of Pathology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shirin Yazdani
- Department of Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kevin Nolte
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Human Performance Lab, Kinesiology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Negar Kooroshfard
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Arghadeh
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Eckart AC, Ghimire PS, Stavitz J. Predictive Validity of Multifactorial Injury Risk Models and Associated Clinical Measures in the U.S. Population. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:123. [PMID: 38786992 PMCID: PMC11125903 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Popular movement-based injury risk screens were shown to lack predictive precision, leading to interest in multifactorial models. Furthermore, there is a lack of research regarding injury risk assessment for those currently or planning to be recreationally active. This study aims to provide injury risk insights by analyzing multifactorial injury risk models and associated clinical measures in the U.S. population. Methods: Data related to injury, inflammatory markers, physical functioning, body composition, physical activity, and other variables from 21,033 respondents were extracted from NHANES. Odds ratios for self-reported injury were calculated for single predictors and risk models. Case-control and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to elucidate confounders and identify risk factor clusters, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to test the precision of a risk factor cluster to identify pain points and functional difficulties. Results: Sociodemographic, individual, and lifestyle factors were strongly associated with higher odds of injury. Increases in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with all risk groups. Membership to the high-risk group (age over 40, obesity, no muscle-strengthening activities, sedentary lifestyle, and low back pain) predicted at least one functional difficulty with 67.4% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity. In the injury group, bone turnover markers were higher, yet confounded by age, and there was a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis compared to the control. In males, low testosterone was associated with injury, and high estradiol was associated with pain and functional difficulties. In females, high follicle-stimulating hormone was associated with functional difficulties. PCA revealed four high-risk profiles, with markers and activities showing distinct loadings. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach to injury risk assessment should consider the nexus of aging, lifestyle, and chronic disease to enhance tailored injury prevention strategies, fostering safe and effective physical activity participation and reducing the burden of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Eckart
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Health Professions and Human Services, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA;
| | - Pragya Sharma Ghimire
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Health Professions and Human Services, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA;
| | - James Stavitz
- Department of Athletic Training, College of Health Professions and Human Services, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA;
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Schwartzkopf-Phifer K, Whetstone K, Marchino M, Brown K, Matsel K. Comparison of Intervention Programs to Improve Trunk Stability for Active Females. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1319-1330. [PMID: 38050546 PMCID: PMC10693485 DOI: 10.26603/001c.89667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current literature illustrates a disparity in trunk stability push up performance (TSPU), as measured by the Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM), in females throughout the lifespan when compared to their male counterparts. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel exercise approach to a trunk stability (NEATS) program compared to a standard Pilates program on TSPU performance in active females aged 18-45 years. It was hypothesized that subjects in the NEATS program would have greater improvements on outcomes related to trunk stability than subjects in the Pilates program. Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods All subjects were tested at baseline on Beighton criteria, the FMSTM, Y-Balance Test Upper Quarter and Lower Quarter, and grip strength by an evaluator blinded to group allocation. Subjects were randomized into the NEATS (n=17) or the Pilates group (n=19). The intervention period lasted eight weeks, with exercise progression at weeks two, four, and six. Results The main outcome was between-group pass rates on the TSPU. At posttest, 41% (n=7) of the NEATS group and 42% (n=8) of the Pilates group passed the TSPU, though there was no difference between groups (p=0.97). Significant differences were noted on the TSPU (Pilates, NEATS p=0.01) and composite scores (Pilates p=0.01; NEATS p=0.03). No within-group improvements were noted on the individual scores of the FMSTM (p=0.05-0.66). Within-group differences were noted on the posterolateral reach on the Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (p=0.03) in the Pilates group. Between-group posttest continuous measures were not significantly different (p=0.17-0.96). Conclusion Improvements in trunk stability were comparable between the multi-planar NEATS program and a standard Pilates program suggesting that both can be used to improve trunk stability performance in active females. Level of Evidence 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Marchino
- Department of Physical Therapy University of Evansville
| | | | - Kyle Matsel
- Department of Physical Therapy University of Evansville
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Redshaw AS, Carrick-Ranson G, Bennett H, Norton KI, Walker A. Effect of Aging on Movement Quality in Australian Urban Firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e601-e608. [PMID: 37883408 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Redshaw, AS, Carrick-Ranson, G, Bennett, H, Norton, KI, and Walker, A. Effect of aging on movement quality in Australian urban firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): e601-e608, 2023-Adequate levels of movement quality (MQ) are required to safely perform occupational tasks in physically demanding and hazardous professions such as firefighting. Although it is well established that MQ deteriorates with age in population studies, there is conflicting evidence in older tactical populations. This study sought to examine the relationship between age and MQ in Australian urban firefighters. The impact of physical activity, injury history, and body mass index on MQ were also explored. The MQ of 324 professional Australian urban firefighters was assessed using MovementSCREEN MQ assessment tool. Scores of whole-body MQ ranged from 35.3 to 82.6 (0-100 scale), with a mean score of 59.2 ± 10.0. There was a moderate, negative association between MQ and age (r = -0.500; p ≤ 0.001), with those older than 50 years of age having significantly lower scores of MQ than their younger counterparts (p ≤ 0.001). Secondary analysis found that higher body mass index (r = -0.285; p ≤ 0.001), lower habitual physical activity levels (r = 0.165; p ≤ 0.003), and the presence of any musculoskeletal injury in the previous 12 months (p = 0.016) had significant negative effects on composite MQ. Firefighters older than 50, obese, and engaging in low levels of physical activity should be considered a high priority for functional strength training interventions to maintain adequate MQ throughout their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Redshaw
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Graeme Carrick-Ranson
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Hunter Bennett
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kevin I Norton
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony Walker
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
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Liu H, Ding H, Xuan J, Gao X, Huang X. The functional movement screen predicts sports injuries in Chinese college students at different levels of physical activity and sports performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16454. [PMID: 37255986 PMCID: PMC10225895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is used to evaluate the movement quality of an individual. However, the FMS composite score used to predict sports injuries is currently ambiguous. Further refinement of the FMS scoring method may be required to more accurately predict sports injuries. Objectives To investigate whether FMS scores could accurately predict sports injuries in college students with different levels of physical activity (PA) and sports performance (SP). Methods One hundred eighty-seven college students aged 18 to 22 were prospectively screened by the FMS test and grouped by the levels of PA and SP. Sports injury occurrences were monitored and collected 12 months later. Spearman's rank coefficients and binary logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors for sports injuries. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the total area under the curve (AUC) value were used to determine the optimal FMS cut-off point for sports injuries. Results The FMS composite score (sum of the seven FMS tests) exhibited a fair association with sports injuries (r = -0.434, P < 0.001). Those with an FMS cut-off point of 17.5 were more likely to acquire sports injuries. The AUC value of the ROC curves was 0.764 (95% CI: 0.618-0.909) in the low PA students, 0.781 (95% CI: 0.729-0.936) in the moderate PA students, and 0.721 (95% CI: 0.613-0.879) in the high PA students. Furthermore, students stratified by SP level showed an AUC value of 0.730 (95% CI 0.607-0.853) in the low SP group and 0.778 (95% CI 0.662-0.894) in the moderate SP group, while it declined to 0.705 (95% CI 0.511-0.800) in the high SP group. The FMS cut-off score successfully identified individuals who reported sports injuries at a higher rate in the low (PA, 84.62%; SP, 90.48%) and moderate (PA, 93.75%; SP, 77.78%) groups than in the high groups (PA, 65.52%; SP, 57.89%). Conclusions The FMS composite score could be used to predict sports injuries in college students with an FMS cut-off value of 17.5. Population stratification by the levels of PA and SP seems to influence the predictive accuracy of the FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huixian Ding
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junjie Xuan
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xuejuan Huang
- Department of Sports Engineering and Information Technology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Moore E, Fuller JT, Milanese S, Jones SC, Townsley A, Lynagh M, Chalmers S. Does changing the Functional Movement Screen composite score threshold influence injury risk estimation in junior Australian football players? J Sports Sci 2023; 41:20-26. [PMID: 36966351 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2193782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify whether a revised lower Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite score threshold would be associated with a greater injury risk for junior athletes than the common threshold of≤14. This prospective cohort study included tracking of 809 elite junior male Australian football players for injuries that resulted in a missed game. All athletes completed pre-season FMS testing and a 12-month self-reported retrospective injury questionnaire. Analyses examined the relationship between composite score thresholds of≤14, ≤13, and≤12 and the risk of injury. The relationship between prospective injury and the common composite threshold score of ≤ 14 was dependent on the presence of a recent injury history (relative risk [RR] = 1.45, p = 0.004) in comparison to no recent injury history (RR = 0.98, p = 0.887). Scoring≤12 in the presence of a recent injury history had the greatest diagnostic accuracy but only a trivial increase in injury risk (RR = 1.59, p = 0.001, sensitivity = 0.35, specificity = 0.80, negative and positive likelihood ratios = 0.81 and 1.75). Whilst some small statistical relationships existed between prospective injury and the FMS composite score thresholds, all three thresholds were not associated with a clinically meaningful relationship with prospective injury and were no more effective than retrospective injury for determining athletes at risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Moore
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve Milanese
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen C Jones
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alex Townsley
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Lynagh
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samuel Chalmers
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Clustered Associations between Musculoskeletal Fitness Tests and Functional Movement Screen in Physically Active Men. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5942329. [PMID: 36814800 PMCID: PMC9940965 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5942329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess fundamental movement patterns. There are relationships between musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) and a FMS. However, there is limited data regarding the multidimensional associations between these two constructs. This study is aimed at investigating the associations and detailed structures of FMS components and MSF components and identifying a deeper detailed structure of their relations to physical fitness. The study sample included 114 physically active men with an average body height of 1.81 ± 0.07 (cm), body weight of 80.61 ± 9.49 (kg), and a BMI of 24.65 ± 2.46 (kg/m2). Each participant performed a FMS test, sit-and-reach (S&R) test, sit-ups (ABS) evaluation, balance evaluation on an AMTI platform, handgrip strength (HG) testing, and standing broad jump (SBJ) ability. The Kendall's Tau correlation was performed to identify simple associations between FMS and MSF. Cluster analysis was used to determine the multidimensional nature of the relationships. In the vast majority, a positive correlation was observed suggesting that a high level of MSF improved FMS test results. A cluster analysis revealed 4 separate clusters. Shoulder mobility (SM) was identified as a single cluster. A strong similarity was observed between SBJ and trunk stability push-up (TSPU) forming a second cluster. This cluster joined to another consisting of the S&R test and active straight leg raise (ASLR) test. The last cluster consisted of HG and hurdle step (HS). These results confirmed that FMS and MSF tests measure the same constructs-a foundation for an individual's motor coordination, muscle strength, postural stability, and dynamic balance. This knowledge could be helpful in effectively enhancing physical performance based on combining similar constructs to accelerate the achievement of established goals.
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10
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Quinn SL, Olivier B, McKinon W. The efficacy of injury screening for lower back pain in elite golfers. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2023; 79:1843. [PMID: 36873959 PMCID: PMC9982516 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Injury prevention is a growing focus for golfers in general and for elite golfers in particular. Movement screening has been proposed as a possible cost-effective means of identifying underlying risk factors and is widely utilised by therapists, trainers and coaches. Objectives Our study aimed to establish whether results from movement screening were associated with subsequent lower back injury in elite golfers. Methods Our prospective longitudinal cohort study with one baseline time point included 41 injury-free young elite male golfers who underwent movement screening. After this, the golfers were monitored for 6 months for lower back pain. Results Seventeen golfers developed lower back pain (41%). Screening tests that were able to differentiate golfers who developed and those who did not develop lower back pain, included: rotational stability test on the non-dominant side (p = 0.01, effect size = 0.27), rotational stability test on the dominant side (p = 0.03; effect size = 0.29) and plank score (p = 0.03; effect size = 0.24). There were no differences observed in any other screening tests. Conclusion Out of 30 screening tests, only three tests were able to identify golfers not at risk of developing lower back pain. All three of these tests had weak effect sizes. Clinical implications Movement screening was not effective in identifying elite golfers at risk of lower back pain in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha-Lynn Quinn
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benita Olivier
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Warrick McKinon
- Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Jia P, Zhang M. EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON PROPRIOCEPTION IN SPORT ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Physical training is a well-known training method in competitive sports. However, in the majority of the physical training classes, the focus is still on the traditional exercises of physical conditioning as strength, speed, resistance, etc., directed for young athletes that are in the growth and development phase, without a literary base to assure actual effectiveness in the load increases for the athletic performance facing the risks in the athletes’ physical proprioception. Objective Explores the effect of functional training on the physical sensibility of sports athletes. Methods The data collection method is used in the daily training of six notable athletes in a district sports school: judo, martial arts, wrestling, tennis team, swimming team, and table tennis team, adding the functional training protocol in body movement. Results The average performance of the groups before and after the experiment was collected and confronted, the difference test was performed, and the test result found P>0.05. The athletes in the experimental group not only improved the footwork speed and physical coordination, the movement speed of the footwork and the speed of the connection between movements increased significantly in the sixth week, reflecting more excellent stability and motor coordination in the movements. Proprioception is one of the essential sports qualities of the human body; it is directly related to physical qualities such as speed and strength and is also closely related to the different neural pathways. Conclusion Functional training can improve athletes’ physical flexibility and motor coordination; it can also stimulate body proprioceptors, increase athletes’ confidence, and make training more efficient and effective. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Langfang Normal University, China
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12
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Zając B, Mika A, Gaj PK, Ambroży T. Does Cycling Training Reduce Quality of Functional Movement Motor Patterns and Dynamic Postural Control in Adolescent Cyclists? A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12109. [PMID: 36231409 PMCID: PMC9566619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether cycling training may influence quality of functional movement patterns and dynamic postural control. We also sought to determine if the Functional Movement Screen and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests could be predictive of injury risk among adolescent road cyclists. Twenty-three male road cyclists, aged 15-18 years, were involved in the study. Quality of functional movement patterns was assessed using the Functional Movement Screen test (FMS). Dynamic postural control was evaluated using the Lower Quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ). Information on injury occurrence was collected through a retrospective survey. The results showed the highest percentage of scores equalling 0 and 1 (>30% in total) in two FMS component tests: the hurdle step and trunk stability push-up. The results also demonstrated a low injury predictive value of the Functional Movement Screen (cut-off <14/21 composite score) and the Lower Quarter Y-balance test (cut-off <94% composite score and >4 cm reach distance asymmetry) in adolescent road cyclists. The most important information obtained from this study is that youth road cyclists may have functional deficits within the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex and the trunk, while neither the FMS nor the YBT-LQ test are not recommended for injury risk screening in cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Zając
- Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Central Scientific and Research Laboratory, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Mika
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
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13
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Relationships between Functional Movement Quality and Sprint and Jump Performance in Female Youth Soccer Athletes of Team China. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9091312. [PMID: 36138620 PMCID: PMC9497205 DOI: 10.3390/children9091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimal functional movement screen (FMS) cut score for assessing the risk of sport injury, and to investigate the correlations between functional movement quality and sprint and jump performance. Twenty-four (N = 24) athletes performed all tests in one day at 10−30 min intervals, and the FMS test was performed first, without a warm-up session. After a standard warm-up, athletes then completed the Y-balance Test (YBT), sprint, counter-movement jump (CMJ), and standing long jump (SLJ), in turn. For each test, the best of three attempts was recorded for further analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area-under-the-curve (AUC) were used to determine the optimal FMS cut score for assessing the risk of sport injuries, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to quantify associations between functional movement scores and athletic performance. The average FMS score was 16.2 and the optimal FMS cut score for assessing the risk of sport injuries was 14.5. There were moderate relationships between total FMS score and 10−20 m sprint time (r = −0.46, p < 0.05), between In-line Lunge and 0−20 m sprint time (r = −0.47, p < 0.05), between Shoulder Mobility and 0−10 m sprint time (r = −0.48, p < 0.05), and between Trunk-stability Push-up and 10−20 m sprint time (r = −0.47, p < 0.05). Moreover, Hurdle Step score was largely correlated with 0−10 m time (r = −0.51, p < 0.05). For Y-balance, moderate correlations were observed between CMJ height and anterior asymmetry score (r = −0.47, p < 0.05) and posteromedial asymmetry score (r = −0.44, p < 0.05). However, there were no significant associations between YBT performance (asymmetric in three directions and composite score) and sprint performance (p > 0.05). Taken together, the results indicate that a FMS score of 14 is not a gold standard for assessing the risk of injury in all populations; we recommend that the FMS cut score of 14.5 should be the optimal score for assessing risk of injury in young female elite soccer players. Moreover, the FMS and YBT were introduced to assess the quality of functional movements, and they cannot be used to assess sprint and jump performance. Practitioners can use components of the FMS that have similar characteristics to specific sports to assess athletic performance.
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Huang J, Zhong M, Wang J. Effects of Exercise-Based Interventions on Functional Movement Capability in Untrained Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159353. [PMID: 35954708 PMCID: PMC9368594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of exercise-based interventions on functional movement capability in untrained populations and provide a reference for future intervention studies in this field. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, WanFang, and CNKI databases were systematically searched from inception until February 2022, for randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, addressing the effect of physical activity on functional movement capability in untrained populations. Two researchers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using RveMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. Twenty studies with 1596 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise-based interventions were associated with improved asymmetry functional patterns (RR = 0.40; 95% CI [0.31, 0.50]; p < 0.00001), FMS composite score (MD = 3.01; 95% CI [2.44, 3.58]; p < 0.00001), deep squat (MD = 0.57; 95% CI [0.37, 0.77]; p < 0.00001), hurdle step (MD = 0.56; 95% CI [0.38, 0.75]; p < 0.00001), in-line lunge (MD = 0.54; 95% CI [0.43, 0.66]; p < 0.00001), shoulder mobility (MD = 0.37; 95% CI [0.15, 0.60]; p = 0.001), active straight leg raise (MD = 0.42; 95% CI [0.24, 0.60]; p < 0.00001), trunk stability push up (MD = 0.40; 95% CI [0.16, 0.63]; p = 0.001), and rotary stability (MD = 0.45; 95% CI [0.24, 0.67]; p < 0.0001). Exercise-based interventions were effective in improving functional movement capability in untrained populations. However, there is a need for high-quality, sufficiently powered RCTs to provide a more definitive conclusion.
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15
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Asgari M, Alizadeh S, Sendt A, Jaitner T. Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in Identifying Active Females Who are Prone to Injury. A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34807359 PMCID: PMC8608942 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in identifying active females who are predisposed to injury has not been specifically reviewed. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the ability of the FMS to identify at-risk active females. Methods Six online databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, were searched for the period of April 2006 to September 2021. Out of the 61 potential references, 17 were reviewed in detail with respect to the inclusion criteria; ten were ultimately included. The risk of bias, applicability and level of the studies were then identified using the QUADAS-2 and a checklist for assessing methodological quality. The following data were obtained from the included studies: year of publication, title, study type, participants’ demographic, sample size, FMS cutoff point, injury definition, statistical analyses used, FMS results and study level. Results Generally, the quality of eight studies was poor to moderate due to both small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Except for a study on military members, all studies were carried out on team sports players. The overall bias of the studies was low, but there was an unclear amount of bias for participant selection. Two studies reported no predictive validity for the FMS, while three defended its predictive validity; the rest partially supported the FMS as a valid diagnostic tool. The reliability of the recommended cutoff point was confirmed, though cutoffs higher than 14 were significantly associated with the predictive ability of the FMS. Conclusion Although the FMS is reliable for clinical practice, and the current literature shows promise regarding the predictive ability of the FMS among active females, concerns remain regarding its validity in identifying at-risk females. Given the lack of clarity in the literature on the use of the FMS in females, further well-organized studies with larger sample sizes and longer monitoring periods are highly recommended. The sensitivity and specificity of the recommended cutoff of ≤ 14 has considerably decreased , and higher cutoff values should be applied to increase the FMS predictive ability. Level of evidence The level of evidence was determined to be 2b.
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16
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Chu T. THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS ON HEALTH SCIENCE AND ITS FACTORS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127032021_0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Outdoor sports can help people develop good living habits and improve people’s physical fitness. For this reason, it is very important to cultivate sports hobbies and analyze the factors of healthy sports. Objective To understand the factors that affect the healthy sports behavior of college students, we provide a reference for the relevant departments of the school and physical education teachers. Methods The thesis uses literature data method, questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method to analyze sports influencing factors with college students as the research object. Results The physical education method and the completeness of the facilities will affect the students’ interest in sports. Students from different family backgrounds have very different preferences for healthy sports. Conclusions The school environment and sports atmosphere are the main factors that constitute the school sports environment. College students’ cognition and understanding of healthy sports will affect their own sports situation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Magill JR, Myers HS, Lentz TA, Pietrosimone L, Risoli T, Green CL, Reinke EK, Messer MR, Riboh JC. Establishing Age- and Sex-Specific Norms for Pediatric Return-to-Sports Physical Performance Testing. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211023101. [PMID: 34435067 PMCID: PMC8381439 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Graft tears and contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are
common in pediatric athletes after ACL reconstruction. Use of objective
return-to-sports (RTS) criteria, in particular physical performance tests
(PPTs), is believed to reduce the incidence of secondary injury; however,
pediatric norms for these tests are unknown. Purpose: To establish a proof of concept for the creation of age- and sex-based norms
for commonly used RTS PPTs in healthy pediatric athletes, allowing the
creation of growth curves for clinical referencing. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 100 healthy people who were between the ages of 6 and 18 years and
involved in organized sports were enrolled, with even distributions of age
and sex. All participants underwent 9 common RTS PPTs: stork test, stork
test on Bosu, single-leg squat, single-leg squat on Bosu, clockwise and
counterclockwise quadrant hops, single-leg hop for distance, 6-m timed hop,
and triple crossover hop for distance. Mean performance across limbs was
calculated for each individual. Chronological age, height, weight, sex, and
self-reported Pubertal Maturational Observational Scale (PMOS) score were
recorded. Univariable and multivariable models were created for each PPT,
assessing the importance of the recorded descriptive variables. Quantile
regression was used to create growth curves for each PPT. Results: The cohort was 52% female, and the mean ± standard deviation age was 11.7 ±
3.6 years. PMOS was highly correlated with age (r = 0.86)
and was excluded from the regressions. In univariable regression, age,
height, and weight were strong predictors of performance for all PPTs,
whereas sex was a predictor of performance on the single-leg and triple
crossover hops for distance (with males outperforming females). Height and
weight were excluded from multivariable regression because of
multicollinearity with age. Multivariable regression showed predictive
patterns for age and sex that were identical to those shown in the
univariable analysis. Given ceiling effects, quantile regression for the
stork tests was not possible, but quantile regression growth curves were
successfully created for the 7 remaining PPTs. Conclusion: Chronological age and sex accurately predicted performance on common RTS PPTs
in pediatric patients. The growth curves presented herein could assist
clinicians with benchmarking pediatric patients postoperatively against a
healthy athletic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Magill
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of PT/OT, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather S Myers
- Department of PT/OT, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor A Lentz
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, James Urbaniak Sports Science Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Pietrosimone
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of PT/OT, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Risoli
- Duke Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Methods Core, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cindy L Green
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily K Reinke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, James Urbaniak Sports Science Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jonathan C Riboh
- OrthoCarolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.,Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Kolenia D, Domaradzki J. Prediction and injury risk based on movement patterns and flexibility in a 6-month prospective study among physically active adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11399. [PMID: 34046260 PMCID: PMC8139277 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has many health benefits but also carries a risk of injury. Some universal factors are connected with an increased risk regardless of the type of sport. Identifying these factors may help predict injuries and aid in their prevention. Aim The aim of this study is to determine the level of injury risk and the accuracy of injury prediction during a prospective 6-month period based on the quality of movement patterns and level of flexibility among average physically active young adults. Material and Methods A group of 123 young, physically active adults were recruited for this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine their level of physical activity. The author’s own Injury History Questionnaire (IHQ) was used to retrospectively collect injury data from the 12 months before the study and prospectively collect data during the six month observation period. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test was conducted to assess the movement patterns quality and a sit-and-reach test was conducted to measure lower back and hamstrings flexibility. Results Low-quaility movement patterns (14≥ FMS) increased the injury risk level sevenfold. A level of flexibility reduced by one cm increased the risk of injury by 6%. Previous injuries also increased the risk of injury reccurence 6.4 times. Predicting injury occurrence based on the quality of movement patterns allows for an accuracy of 73%, whereas flexibility allows for a 41% accuracy. The simultaneous use of these two factors did not improve injury prediction accuracy. Conclusion The risk of an injury increases with low-quality movement patterns, a low level of flexibility, and previous injuries. Preventative strategies should include shaping high-quality movement patterns, the right level of flexibility, and the full healing of injuries before resuming activities. The quality of movement patterns is an accurate predictor of injury risk, but lower back and hamstrings flexibility is not a reliable predictor of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Kolenia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biostructure Unit, University School of Physical Education in Wrocaw, Wrocaw, Dolnolskie, Polska
| | - Jarosaw Domaradzki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biostructure Unit, University School of Physical Education in Wrocaw, Wrocaw, Dolnolskie, Polska
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19
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Lee M, Youm C, Noh B, Park H. Low composite functional movement screen score associated with decline of gait stability in young adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11356. [PMID: 33987024 PMCID: PMC8092110 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functional movement screen (FMS)TM is a screening tool used to evaluate fundamental motor function. A score of 14 for the composite total FMS score (TFMS) is generally used as the cut-off point (≤14/21). In addition, gait analysis is used to evaluate fundamental motor function in humans. Thus, evaluating the fundamental motor function using the FMSTM test and gait analysis at various speeds can provide further understanding of any decline in gait stability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gait ability and fundamental movement patterns in young adults according to the cut-off point. Methods A total of 439 participants (male: 203, female: 236) successfully completed the FMS test and a 1 min treadmill test; the participants were classified into two groups: low TFMS (≤14) and high TFMS (>14). Results The low TFMS group exhibited slower and shortened walking patterns and worsen gait variability than the high TFMS group. The coefficient of variance (CV) for the double support phase at a faster speed (male) and the stride length at a slower speed (female) were classifiers between the two groups. In addition, the low TFMS group demonstrated insufficient gait adaptation at the preferred and faster speeds based on the CV of the double support phase and gait asymmetry. Lower TFMS is associated with a decline in gait ability. Therefore, participants with a lower TFMS and poor gait ability may require intervention programs to prevent risk of future injury and to enhance motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounggon Lee
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Changhong Youm
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Health Care & Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Park
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Health Care & Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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20
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Chen J, Zhang C, Chen S, Zhao Y. Effects of functional correction training on injury risk of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11089. [PMID: 33828917 PMCID: PMC8005292 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We explored functional correction training using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) tool. We also analyzed the effects of training on the injuries of athletes in a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized clinical trials. Methodology We collected twenty-four articles from PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, Embase, WanFang, and CNKI that were published between January 1997 to September 2020. Articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, studies with functional correction training screened by FMS™ as the independent variable, and studies with injury risk to the athlete as the dependent variable. Data conditions included the sample size, mean, standard deviation, total FMS™ scores, number of injuries, and asymmetry movement patterns after interventions in the experimental and control groups. Exclusion criteria included: conference abstracts, cross-sectional studies, articles with retrospective study design. Results Twelve non-randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. The injury risk ratio of athletes after functional correction training was 0.39 RR (95 CI [1.50–1.93]; Z = 15.53; P < 0.0001; I2 = 2.6%), indicating an improvement of athletes functional patterns. Conclusion Grade B evidence indicates that functional correction training based on FMS™ may improve the functional patterns of athletes and Grade D evidence indicates that it may reduce the risk of sports injury. However, the true effect is likely to be different from the estimate of the effect. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the influence of functional correction training on the injury risks of athletes. Protocol registration: CRD42019145287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Chen
- P.E School, Hubei University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunhe Zhang
- P.E School, Hubei University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- P.E School, Hubei University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- P.E School, Hubei University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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21
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Sport-Specific Functional Tests and Related Sport Injury Risk and Occurrences in Junior Basketball and Soccer Athletes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:8750231. [PMID: 33490258 PMCID: PMC7787717 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8750231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Sport-specific functional tests were used to assess the power, speed, and agility of the lower extremity for a specific sport, but comparison of the differences and association with sport injury was rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in sport-specific functional tests between junior basketball and soccer athletes and analyze the sport injury risk and occurrences. Methods All participants were evaluated using the sprint test, vertical jump (VJ) test, agility T test, and functional movement screen (FMS). There were significant intergroup differences in the sprint test, VJ test, agility T test, and FMS. Specific functional tests were compared against FMS score, either FMS ≤ 14 or FMS > 14. The FMS subtests, namely, in-line lunge, trunk stability push-up (TSPU), and quadruped rotary stability, were also performed. In one-year follow-up, the sport injury incidence was also recorded. Results Significant differences in sprint, agility, and FMS performance were found between the junior basketball and soccer athletes. Individual FMS scores of the in-line lunge, TSPU, and quadruped rotary stability were evaluated. No significant differences in sprint, VJ, and agility scores were found between FMS ≤ 14 and FMS > 14. FMS total score ≤ 14 was significantly associated with high sport injury occurrence. Conclusions The scores of sprint, agility, and FMS performance were differed between basketball and soccer athletes. The scores of sprint, VJ, and agility tests did not have differences with sport injury risks and occurrences, but the FMS score was associated with sport injury occurrence.
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22
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Wang D, Lin XM, Kulmala JP, Pesola AJ, Gao Y. Can the Functional Movement Screen Method Identify Previously Injured Wushu Athletes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E721. [PMID: 33467702 PMCID: PMC7829906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The functional movement screen (FMS) is commonly used to evaluate sports injury risks, but no study has been reported for Wushu athletes. The aim of this study was to identify optimal FMS cut-off points for previously injured Wushu athletes and to examine the associations with other possible factors. In this study, a total of 84 Chinese Wushu athletes (15.1 ± 4.5 years old, 51% male) with a minimum of two years of professional training background in either Taiji, Changquan, or Nanquan were assessed by the FMS. Video recordings were used to confirm the scoring criteria, and previous injuries were assessed based on face-to-face interviews. An optimal cut-off of the FMS score was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curves with sensitivity and specificity. We found that FMS score of less than 16 (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 56%) was related to an increased occurrence of injuries (odds ratio = 5.096, 95%CI: 1.679-15.465) for the current study sample. The training type and training levels were related with FMS scores. More than half of the athletes (58%) had FMS asymmetry and 21% of athletes reported pain while performing the FMS protocol. Future prospective studies are recommended to use FMS with cut-off of 16 points in Wushu athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Public Physical and Art Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiao-Mei Lin
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Juha-Pekka Kulmala
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Arto J. Pesola
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland;
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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23
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Bennett H, Arnold J, Norton K, Davison K. Are we really "screening" movement? The role of assessing movement quality in exercise settings. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:489-492. [PMID: 32791205 PMCID: PMC7749228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Bennett
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia.
| | - John Arnold
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Kevin Norton
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
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Jones SC, Fuller JT, Chalmers S, Debenedictis TA, Zacharia A, Tarca B, Townsley A, Milanese S. Combining physical performance and Functional Movement Screen testing to identify elite junior Australian Football athletes at risk of injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1449-1456. [PMID: 32297354 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and physical performance testing are often suggested to be related to sports injury risk. This study explored if the combination of FMS and physical performance testing improved identification of non-contact injury risk over FMS testing alone in an elite junior Australian football cohort. Over a 3-year period, 573 players completed pre-season injury history questionnaires, FMS, physical performance testing (20-m sprint, vertical jump, planned agility testing, and shuttle run test), and subsequent in-season injury surveillance. Results: Neither previous injury or FMS score <14 were related to an increased risk of subsequent injury in isolation. The combination of FMS composite score ≤14 and previous injury moderately increased the risk of injury (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.22 [1.09-4.54]). None of the physical performance measures improved the ability to predict injuries based on FMS composite score. FMS asymmetry was only associated with injury when combined with previous injury and vertical jump performance. Players with ≥1 FMS asymmetry and history of previous injury experienced a large increase in injury risk when vertical jump was poor (HR = 4.26 [1.35-13.42]) or good (HR = 3.17 [1.08-9.29]). Players with a combination of a good vertical jump, no previous injury, and no FMS asymmetries were also at moderately increased risk of injury (HR = 3.41 [1.11-10.42]). No physical performance tests improved the ability to identify non-contact injury risk using an FMS composite score threshold. However, a U-shaped relationship between vertical jump and injury risk was identified with both poor and good vertical jump height associated with a moderate-large increase in non-contact injury risk in the presence of ≥1 asymmetrical FMS sub-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Jones
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Chalmers
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Zacharia
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brett Tarca
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alex Townsley
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steve Milanese
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kocak UZ, Unver B. Are Functional Movement Screen Tests Performed at the Right Time, if It Is an Injury Risk Predictor? J Sport Rehabil 2020; 30:85-89. [PMID: 32188791 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sports injuries are more common when players are fatigued and occur more frequently at the end of matches; therefore, determining the right time for employing an injury screening test is important. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of timing (prematch vs postmatch fatigue) on the functional movement screen (FMS) scores, a frequently used injury risk screening method. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Field. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four women soccer players from a professional team were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The players were evaluated with a visual analog scale for perceived fatigue and with the FMS. Assessments were conducted before and after a 60-minute match. RESULTS The subtest scores for deep squat, hurdle line, in-line lunge, trunk stability push-up, and the total FMS scores showed a significant decrease following the match (P < .05). Compared with prematch, the number of players who could achieve the highest score of 3/3 postmatch was lower for all subtests except right shoulder mobility. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a negative relationship between perceived fatigue level and performance on the deep squat, hurdle line, in-line lunge, and trunk stability push-up subtest scores and in the total FMS score. Therefore, the authors suggest that screening tests such as the FMS should be employed following a match when players present with fatigue.
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Fuller JT, Lynagh M, Tarca B, Zacharia A, Townsley A, Gleeson C, Milanese S, Chalmers S. Functional Movement Screen Pain Location and Impact on Scoring Have Limited Value for Injury Risk Estimation in Junior Australian Football Players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:75-82. [PMID: 31530068 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the location and severity of pain during Functional Movement Screen (FMS) testing in junior Australian football players and to investigate its effect on FMS composite score and injury risk. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Junior male Australian football players (n = 439) completed preseason FMS testing. Pain location and severity (on a 0-to-10 numeric pain-rating scale [NPRS]) were assessed for painful subtests. The FMS composite score was calculated using 3 scoring approaches: "traditional," a score of zero on painful subtests; "moderate," a score of zero on painful subtests if an NPRS pain severity was greater than 4; and "raw," did not adjust painful FMS subtest scores. Players were monitored throughout the competitive season and considered injured when 1 or more matches were missed due to injury. RESULTS One hundred seventy players reported pain during FMS testing. The pain-scoring approach affected mean composite score values (raw, 14.9; moderate, 14.5; traditional, 13.6; P<.001). Sixty-eight percent of pain was mildly severe (NPRS of 4 or less). Back pain (50%) was more common than upper-limb (24%) or lower-limb (26%) pain (P<.001). Upper-limb pain was associated with a small increase in injury risk (hazard ratio = 1.59, P = .023). No other FMS pain location influenced injury risk, nor did pain severity (P>.280). The FMS composite score was not associated with injury risk, regardless of pain-scoring approach (P≥.500). CONCLUSION Pain was common during FMS testing in junior Australian football players and had a notable effect on the FMS composite score, but minimal effect on subsequent injury risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(2):75-82. Epub 17 Sep 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9168.
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