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Sluka B, Held U, Wegehaupt F, Neuhaus KW, Attin T, Sahrmann P. Is there a rise of prevalence for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? A meta-analysis of published data. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38273324 PMCID: PMC10809700 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Molar Incisor Hypomineralization was first described as a pathologic entity, public perception often suggests a considerable rise in prevalence of the respective disease. Since there are still considerable doubts regarding the etiology and-accordingly-prevention of MIH and respective therapeutic approaches are difficult this question is of considerable clinical and public interest. Accordingly, a systematic literature search in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews on Medline, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Google scholar, Scopus was performed to retrieve original articles reporting the prevalence of MIH as defined by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD). From initially 2360 retrieved titles, 344 full texts were assessed for possible inclusion and finally 167 articles of mainly moderate to high quality and based on data of 46'613 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. All studies published before 2001 had to be excluded since it was not possible to align the findings with the EAPD classification. Studies varied considerably regarding cohort size (25 to 23'320, mean 1'235)) and age (5.6-19 y, mean 9.8 y). Over all studies, the weighted mean for the prevalence for MIH was 12.8% (95% CI 11.5%-14.1%) and no significant changes with respect to either publication year or birthyear were found. A sub-analysis of eleven studies reporting on the prevalence in different age groups, however, revealed strong evidence for an increasing prevalence between the years 1992 (3%) and 2013 (13%).Therefore, based on data from cross-sectional studies a possible rise in prevalence of MIH remains unclear. Future prospective large-scale studies under standardized examination conditions with an emphasis on examiner calibration are needed to gain better understanding in the evolution of the prevalence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Held
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus W Neuhaus
- Department of General Pediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Mazur M, Corridore D, Ndokaj A, Ardan R, Vozza I, Babajko S, Jedeon K. MIH and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1795. [PMID: 37372913 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a clinical condition affecting permanent teeth in children, with a documented rising trend in the last two decades. The aim of the present study was to analyze and synthesize the available evidence on caries experience (dmft/DMFT) and MIH in children. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA statement. (3) Results: 59 papers published between 2007 and 2022 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 in the meta-analysis. The total sample of subjects was 17,717 (mean: 896), of which 2378 (13.4%) had MIH (mean: 119), with a girl/boy ratio of 1:1. The mean age of the enrolled participants was 8.6 (age range 7-10 years). Meta-analysis showed that MIH has a positive correlation with both dmft (effect size of 0.67, 95% CI [0.15, 1.19]) and DMFT (effect size of 0.56, 95% CI [0.41, 0.72]); (4) Conclusions: Children with MIH should be diagnosed correctly and on time. Treatment and management options for moderate and severe forms of MIH should consider prognosis based on known risk factors, and secondary and tertiary prevention policies should also consider the multifactorial nature of caries etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Corridore
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Artnora Ndokaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Ardan
- Department of Economic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-343 Koszalin, Poland
| | - Iole Vozza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research in Odontology, Unité Propre de Recherche 2496, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research in Odontology, Unité Propre de Recherche 2496, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rothschild Hospital, 5 rue Santerre, 75012 Paris, France
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Shah VU, Dave BH, Chari DN, Shah KA. Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:280-286. [PMID: 37519972 PMCID: PMC10373762 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an emerging clinical problem as the affected tooth is prone to dental caries with the lapse of time. Aims To assess the prevalence, severity, and associated risk indicators of MIH amongst 8-13 years of children of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 3,000 government schoolchildren. A total of 1,500 children each from urban and rural areas were randomly selected and examined. Only permanent incisors and first molars were examined. MIH was diagnosed clinically based on the diagnostic criteria established by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), 2003. To check the relation between the two variables-Pearson's chi-squared test was applied. Fisher's exact test was applied when less than five expected values were found. Results A total of 286 children (9.6 %) had MIH, with 189 (rural) and 97 (urban) children. MIH was significantly higher in the rural population as compared to the urban. In the rural area, the cause was found to be a child suffering from an illness (>15 days) which was 35.98%, and in the urban area was due to prolonged use of antibiotics before 4 years of age, which was 28.87%. Conclusion The overall prevalence rate of MIH among the screened children between the age-group 8 and 13 was found to be 9.6%. Males were more affected. The severity of MIH was more in molars compared to incisors and more in children of rural areas. Clinical significance Protocol for early diagnosis and follow-up to access the squeal of breakdown should be undertaken along with parents and health workers. How to cite this article Shah VU, Dave BH, Chari DN, et al. Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):280-286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi U Shah
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College & Hospital, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavna H Dave
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College & Hospital, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepika N Chari
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College & Hospital, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kelvin A Shah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College & Hospital, Debari, Rajasthan, India
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Jorge RC, Dos Papoula GorniReis P, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson D, Cople Maia L, Mendes Soviero V. Are yellow-brownish opacities in hypomineralized teeth more prone to breakage than white-creamy ones? A systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5795-5808. [PMID: 35568765 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVE To evaluate all the available evidence assessing if in hypomineralized teeth, yellow-brownish opacities are more prone to post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) compared to white-creamy opacities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational studies that evaluated the occurrence of PEB in hypomineralized teeth were considered for inclusion. Electronic searches were performed up to January 2022 in MedLine, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Neither publication date nor language restrictions were imposed to the searches. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Datasets from studies were grouped for narrative synthesis based on the severity of the PEB (enamel or dentin), type of tooth (molar or incisor), unit of analysis (subject or tooth or tooth surface), and follow-up period (in months). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Nine studies were included, five cohort and three cross-sectional. All studies assessed the opacities and PEB by visual examination and diagnosed MIH according to EAPD criteria. In the cohort studies, considering all follow-up periods (ranging from 6 to 36 months), dark opacities fractured more than light opacities, at both enamel and enamel/dentin levels, and molars fractured more than incisors. In two out of three cross-sectional studies, dark opacities also fractured more than light opacities, but the deep of the PEB (enamel or dentin breakdown) or the type of tooth (molar or incisor) was not considered in the analysis. CONCLUSION Although it seems plausible to state that darker demarcated opacities in MIH patients broke more often than light ones, based on this systematic review of the literature, the certainty of the available evidence about this association is still very low. CLINICAL RELEVANCE More reliable and valid research is still necessary to support any future recommendation that MIH children who present yellow-brownish opacities should be monitored at shorter intervals compared to those who present only white-creamy opacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Costa Jorge
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Dental School, Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Dos Papoula GorniReis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Dental School, Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guido A Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vera Mendes Soviero
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Dental School, Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
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Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, Saha S, Yadav G, Arora D. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:1-8. [PMID: 35528491 PMCID: PMC9016907 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aim Methodology Results Conclusion Clinical significance How to cite this article
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavita Dhinsa
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Mani Tripathi
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Saha
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sonali Saha, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9889234995, e-mail:
| | - Gunjan Yadav
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deval Arora
- Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur
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Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, Pathivada L, Kaur H, Yeluri R. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:168-174. [PMID: 37457205 PMCID: PMC10338942 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective Recently, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has become more evident and one of the most common reasons for loss of teeth in children after dental caries. Being a country with a diverse ethnic population, the prevalence of MIH in different regions of India may differ. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of MIH in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Moradabad city. Materials and methods This study was conducted in various schools of Moradabad city to target a sample of 2,300 children aged between 8 and 12 years. The examination was done in their respective schools by a calibrated examiner in natural daylight using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria for MIH 2015. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) for MIH was reported without any gender predilection. Molar hypomineralization showed a prevalence of 1.3% (29/2300) whereas the prevalence for hypomineralization of second primary molars was 1.4% (22/1620). The most common type of defect was type 2 and most of the affected teeth were of grade I. Mandibular molars were more commonly affected compared to the maxillary molars. Conclusions A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) was observed for MIH. Frequent dental screening camps should be organized in schools at the community level for the enhancement of early diagnosis of MIH and designing appropriate management strategies. How to cite this article Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):168-174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajla Khan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Nishita Garg
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sandeep S Mayall
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lumbini Pathivada
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, chhattisgarh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Yeluri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lopes LB, Machado V, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. The prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22405. [PMID: 34789780 PMCID: PMC8599453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel of unknown etiology, affecting one or more permanent molars and may include incisors. This condition is a clinical challenge and its prevalence is still uncertain given the recent increase in research. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively estimate the overall prevalence of MIH and associated characteristics. This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and TRIP databases, until July 2021. Heterogeneity and publication bias were computed via I2 test statistics and Egger's significance test, respectively. Random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence were processed. We used the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy [SORT] to grading the strength of evidence. Overall, 116 observational studies were included, with one study with moderate methodological quality and the remaining of high methodological quality. Subgroup analysis confirmed an influence of not using the 2003 MIH case definition (p = 0.0066). The pooled prevalence of MIH was 13.5% (95% CI 12.0-15.1, I2 = 98.0%). Affected incisors were seen in 36.6% (95% CI 30.0-43.7, I2 = 92.5%) of the cases. Lastly, the prevalence of hypomineralization of the second primary molars was observed in 3.6% of the MIH cases (95% CI 1.9-6.8, I2 = 96.3%). America was the continent with highest prevalence (15.3, 95% CI 12.8-18.3, p < 0.001, I2 = 96.3%) and Asia had the lowest prevalence (10.7, 95% CI 8.5-13.5, p < 0.001, I2 = 98.7%), however no continental differences were found. Sample size and year of publication were slight contributing factors to the heterogeneity in the analysis. Overall, these results were classified with a SORT A recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
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Tarannum, Ravichandra KS, Muppa R, Srikanth K, Kantipudi MJN, Ram KC. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Prevalence in the Schoolchildren of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:737-740. [PMID: 35110863 PMCID: PMC8783217 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren of the ages between 8 and 14 years of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2,250 children of ages between 8 and 14 years were selected randomly from different schools. After obtaining requisite permissions from Mandal Educational Officer (MEO), children was screened for the prevalence of MIH according to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003 diagnostic criteria and severity for MIH was examined using Wetzel and Reckel scale. RESULTS Prevalence of MIH was observed to be 2.1% with higher cases of mild severity and with no sex predilection (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce complications associated with MIH. Very few studies have been conducted in India and studies encompassing extensive population are warranted to better understand its etiology. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MIH lesions lead to carious development. Hence there is need to identify MIH in children as early as possible to reduce the clinical complications. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Tarannum, Ravichandra KS, Muppa R, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Prevalence in the Schoolchildren of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):737-740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarannum
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - KS Ravichandra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Muppa
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Koya Srikanth
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mrudhula JN Kantipudi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Chaitanya Ram
- Department of Pedodontics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Duarte MBS, Carvalho VR, Hilgert LA, Ribeiro APD, Leal SC, Takeshita EM. Is there an association between dental caries, fluorosis, and molar-incisor hypomineralization? J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200890. [PMID: 34287466 PMCID: PMC8289254 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries, dental fluorosis, and molar-incisor hypomineralization, and their associations in a group of Brazilian schoolchildren. Methodology: Adolescents (n=411) were evaluated by two calibrated examiners for dental caries (DC), dental fluorosis (DF), and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) using the CAST (Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment) instrument, Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) index, and MIH Severity Scoring System (MIH-SSS), respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The sample comprised 42.75% boys and 57.25% girls. The prevalence of DC in permanent dentition was 94.75%, of which 29% were represented by dentin lesions. For DF, a prevalence of 40.75% was observed, with 69.32% mild, 12.88% moderate, and 17.79% severe. A positive association between the source of water and fluorosis was detected (p=0.01). The prevalence of MIH was 18%. Thirty adolescents (41.7%) presented with severe MIH. No association was found between DF or MIH and dentin DC or between MIH and DF at the individual level. However, a significant negative relationship was detected between DF and dentin carious lesions ( p <0.005) and DF and MIH ( p <0.00001) at the tooth level, whereas a positive association was observed between MIH and dentin carious lesions ( p <0.00001). A positive association was also observed between the severity of both conditions ( p <0.00001). Mild DF was the most prevalent problem observed. Cases of teeth with mild MIH were the most predominant in MIH-affected teeth. Conclusions: No association was observed among the dentin carious lesions, MIH, and DF at the participant level. However, a positive association between MIH and dentin carious lesions was found at the tooth level, whereas MIH, DF, and DF and dentin carious lesions showed a negative relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Reinaldo Carvalho
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Leandro Augusto Hilgert
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Distrito Federal, Brasil.,University of Florida, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Soraya Coelho Leal
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Eliana Mitsue Takeshita
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Distrito Federal, Brasil
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Fernandes IC, Forte FDS, Sampaio FC. Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), dental fluorosis, and caries in rural areas with different fluoride levels in the drinking water. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:475-482. [PMID: 32965763 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study determined the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its association with dental fluorosis and caries in children living in rural areas in north-eastern Brazil who are exposed to residual fluoride (F) levels in the drinking water. DESIGN A census was carried out with 610 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria, Thysltrup and Fejerskov index, and World Health Organization index were used for diagnosis of MIH, dental fluorosis, and caries detection, respectively. The association between the outcome and exposure variables was determined by robust Poisson regression (P < .05). RESULTS Water F-levels varied from 0.06 to 1.98 ppm. MIH was not related to fluoride levels in the drinking water, but it showed an inverse and direct correlation with dental caries and fluorosis, respectively. Children with MIH had a higher DMFT, and severe MIH cases were most frequent in children with dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION Drinking water F-levels were not directly related to the occurrence of MIH in schoolchildren. The severity of MIH, however, was likely to be associated with dental fluorosis in areas with moderate to high fluoride levels in the drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cartaxo Fernandes
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Correia Sampaio
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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11
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Pandey P, Nandkeoliar T, Tikku AP, Singh D, Singh MK. Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:256-265. [PMID: 34268187 PMCID: PMC8257015 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the pooled prevalence of dental caries among Indian population through systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A keyword search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus databases using relevant key words to extract the data pertaining to dental caries in Indian population. The search criteria included manuscripts published in English language from March 2009 to March 2019 and employed standard Boolean operators. The studies which met the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed by two researchers and their quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The overall prevalence was deduced using the random effects model with prime focus given to the site of anatomical origin. R software version 3.5.2. was used for statistical analysis. Results: Post screening, out of the 253 articles identified, 70 met the inclusion criteria and were used to generate the meta-analysis. Among them, only few studies investigated the prevalence of root caries (n = 1). Overall prevalence of dental caries was 54.16% (CI: 0.4966–0.5866), whereas age-specific prevalence was 62% in patients above 18 years and 52% among 3–18 years of age (P < 0.0001). Maximum overall prevalence was noted in mixed dentition (58%). Region wise prevalence was more in western India (72%). Use of decayed, missed, and filled teeth as diagnostic criteria for early childhood caries was only 29%. Conclusions: Besides an overall prevalence of 54.16%, there exists a remarkable variation in dental caries prevalence rates as per age, diagnostic criteria, dentition, and geographical region. Furthermore, research should be focused on the prevalence of anatomical site specific caries as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Pandey
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanya Nandkeoliar
- Department of Periodontology, Regional Institute of Medical sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - A P Tikku
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Singh
- Oral Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Saitoh M, Shintani S. Molar incisor hypomineralization: A review and prevalence in Japan. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:71-77. [PMID: 34149971 PMCID: PMC8192692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four first permanent molars, and incisors are also frequently affected. This disorder is a serious concern in pediatric dentistry. Teeth affected by MIH have many dental problems, such as hypersensitivity, poor aesthetics, and rapid progression of dental caries. The prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.8% to 21% among studies with more than 1000 subjects in different countries and age groups. The etiology of MIH is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors have been proposed. This review describes the prevalence, etiology, and clinical management of MIH. A detailed description of MIH prevalence in Japan is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido 021-0293, Japan.
| | - Seikou Shintani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental Collage, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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13
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Sosa-Soto J, Padrón-Covarrubias AI, Márquez-Preciado R, Ruiz-Rodríguez S, Pozos-Guillén A, Pedroza-Uribe IM, Bayardo-González RA, Garrocho-Rangel A. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): prevalence and degree of severity in a Mexican pediatric population living in an endemic fluorosis area. J Public Health Dent 2021; 82:3-10. [PMID: 33554368 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8 years old children living in an endemic fluorosis area. METHODS MIH prevalence rate was determined from a study sample comprising 613 participants. They were recruited from 11 urban public schools with similar socio-economic status. Oral evaluations were performed and diagnosed MIH teeth were classified under Ghanim et al.'s criteria. Statistical descriptive and comparative analyzes were carried out. RESULTS First permanent molars were the tooth group most affected, followed by the upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral incisors, and upper lateral incisors. There was no significant statistical difference by gender and by maxillary/mandible arches (P = 0.82 and 0.26, respectively). The frequency of MIH was more in molars compared to incisors (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The MIH prevalence in this study was 12.4 percent. According to the MIH severity, degree 2 was the most frequently detected (76.4 percent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Sosa-Soto
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Ana Isabel Padrón-Covarrubias
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Raúl Márquez-Preciado
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Socorro Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.,Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | | | - Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
- Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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14
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Davenport M, Welles AD, Angelopoulou MV, Gonzalez C, Okunseri C, Barbeau L, Bansal NK, Vergotine RJ, Hodgson BD. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA: a pilot study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:109-117. [PMID: 31239785 PMCID: PMC6554526 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This pilot study investigated the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in third-grade school children in Milwaukee Wisconsin, USA. Methods: A convenience sample of third-grade school children in the Milwaukee Public School System (MPS) participated in the study. Calibrated examiners trained on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) MIH recommendations examined the children between December 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015. Children were examined at their schools using a flashlight and mirror after receiving consent from parents/caregivers and assent from each child. Findings were recorded onto a standardized form by one of five trained examiners. Summary statistics were calculated, and bivariate analysis were done to identify factors associated with MIH. Results: A total of 375 children (average age =8.66 years, range 7-12) were examined, 60% females and 41% Hispanics. Overall, 36 (9.6%) of the children demonstrated findings consistent with the diagnosis of MIH. Among the teeth with MIH defects, severe defects were higher in lower molars. There were no statistically significant differences between those with and without MIH by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in this study. Conclusion: The study revealed that 9.6% of the children examined were affected by MIH. Future studies should focus on statewide and/or nationwide surveys in the United States to ascertain the extent and severity of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Davenport
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53201, USA
| | - Andrew D Welles
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | | | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Predoctoral Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | - Christopher Okunseri
- Predoctoral Program in Dental Public Health, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | - Lori Barbeau
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53201, USA
| | - Naveen K Bansal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rodney J Vergotine
- College of Dental Medicine – Illinois [CDMI], Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Brian D Hodgson
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Goswami M, Bhushan U, Pandiyan R, Sharma S. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-An Emerging Burden: A Short Study on Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics in Central Delhi, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:211-214. [PMID: 31708617 PMCID: PMC6811942 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 6–12 years old children of the Central Delhi area. Materials and methods This cross-sectional descriptive short study consisted of 1,026 children aged 6–12 years selected by a random sampling procedure. The parents were interviewed and relevant prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history was recorded. The dental examination was carried out by well-trained pediatric dentists. Full mouth examination of teeth was conducted including the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003 criteria for the diagnosis of MIH. The results were documented and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of MIH was found to be 1.17%. There was statistically significant difference in prevalence related to gender (p < 0.05) with a higher number of males affected with MIH. A total of 77 teeth (44 molars and 32 incisors) were observed with MIH. The severity of MIH was more in molars (52.27%) when compared to incisors (24.24%). All the four first permanent molars were affected in 83.3% of children with MIH. Conclusion The prevalence of MIH in a small sample of 1,026 children aged 6–12 years in Central Delhi was 1.17%. A significant male predilection was reported. MIH is a developmental disturbance occurring during the maturation phase of enamel formation, which requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach. The high esthetic demand and the inability to deliver successful restorative care to the hypomineralized teeth can pose great difficulties. Hence, more studies related to prevalence, nature, and severity of MIH and awareness regarding the associated risk factors are required to reveal the hidden burden across the country and to further prevent the occurrence of MIH. How to cite this article Goswami M, Bhushan U, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization—An Emerging Burden: A Short Study on Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics in Central Delhi, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(3):211–214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Goswami
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvashi Bhushan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramanandvignesh Pandiyan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:318-328. [PMID: 30895140 PMCID: PMC6388839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) is the term used to depict a condition in which one or more of the permanent molar teeth and usually no less than one incisor tooth is hypomineralised and the prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of MIH in children in Istanbul, Turkey. Materials and methods A total of 1511 (760 M, 751 F), 8- to 11-year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the EAPD criteria for MIH. Hypomineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on developmental defects of enamel index. The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through personal interview and etiological questions were asked to the parents. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results MIH was observed in 215 (14.2%; 102 male, 113 female) children. The sample (1511 children) comprised 71 (9.9%) 8 year-olds with MIH and 144 (18.2%) 11 year-olds with MIH. A significant difference was found between 8 (9.9%) and 11-year-old (18.2%) children with MIH (p ≤ 0.001). Complications during the mother's pregnancy, birth prematurity, average breast feeding period, diarrhea frequency, digestive system diseases, asthma, frequent high fever, ear infection, renal failure, rubeola, chickenpox and parotitis were found to be significantly associated with MIH (p < 0.001). Conclusion There are many events that can cause MIH which we cannot control or predict. Therefore, longitudinal studies with large sample size are needed so as to determine how various likely etiological factors described affect the etiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koruyucu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Özel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dixit UB, Joshi AV. Efficacy of Intraosseous Local Anesthesia for Restorative Procedures in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-Affected Teeth in Children. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S272-S277. [PMID: 30294157 PMCID: PMC6169286 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_252_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of teeth affected with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in young patients is challenging due to chronic subclinical pulpal inflammation caused by porous enamel and exposed dentin. Hypersensitivity of the teeth and difficulty in achieving local anesthesia due to altered nerve potential affects the successful completion of the treatment. Aim The aim of the study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous (IO) anesthetic technique with conventional local infiltration technique in anesthetizing first permanent molars (FPMs) affected by MIH for restorative procedures in children. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial recruited 54 MIH-affected mandibular or maxillary FPMs requiring restorations or stainless steel crowns. The teeth were randomly allocated to two equal groups to receive either IO injection or buccal infiltration (control), both using 4% articaine. Onset, time required, and pain experienced for administration, need for repeat, efficacy of anesthetic technique, heart rate, and postoperative complications were recorded in both the groups. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Onset was significantly faster and pain experienced during administration was significantly lower with IO technique. Need for repeat of anesthesia was significantly more with infiltration (44.4% vs. 7.4% in IO, P = 0.004). Local infiltration failed to produce profound anesthesia in 74.1% MIH-affected teeth. IO anesthesia profoundly anesthetized 88.9% MIH-affected teeth. Anesthetic efficacy was significantly better with IO anesthesia (P < 0.001). Postoperative complications were significantly lower with IO anesthesia (P = 0.003). Conclusion IO local anesthesia was found to be an effective and safe technique to achieve profound anesthesia in MIH-affected teeth in children in comparison to local infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma B Dixit
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amil V Joshi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Relationship between caries experience and demarcated hypomineralised lesions (including MIH) in the permanent dentition of 15-year-olds. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:2013-2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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