Localised scleroderma en coup de sabre affecting the skin, dentition and bone tissue within craniofacial neural crest fields. Clinical and radiographic study of six patients

Human Malformed Perinatal Anthropological Crania Contribute to New Insight in the Extension of Bone Malformations in Cranial Development

INTRODUCTION

We describe five abnormal crania which may provide more diagnostic data for assessment of abnormal crania in newborns.

METHODS

Five malformed perinatal crania from the Saxtorphian Collection are described using published prenatal abnormal cranial development criteria. These malformations were compared to normal cranial development arising from the migration of neural crest cells. Visual and photographic investigations were performed.

RESULTS

The malformed crania were occipital encephalocele, holoprosencephaly, anencephaly, and two without a recognizable diagnosis. The anthropological crania were malformed in the same regions as formerly observed in fetal pathology. These regions were comparable to fields formed during normal cell migration from the neural crest. This has seemingly not previously been demonstrated. One undiagnosed cranium may represent a Treacher Collins syndrome (Case 3). The other undiagnosed cranium (Case 4) could be from a scaphocephalic specimen.

DISCUSSION

Sharp borderlines between malformed and non-malformed regions in cranial syndromes may enable improvement in diagnostics.

Establishment of a Finite Element Model of Normal Nasal Bone and Analysis of Its Biomechanical Characteristics

Nasal bone is a long, paired series of small bones, which is narrow at the top and broad at the bottom, that forms the base of the nasal dorsum. Together with the nasal part of the frontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla and the middle plate of the ethmoid bone constitute the bone scaffold of the external nose. In this paper, the DICOM image data file was imported into the Mimics software for 3D reconstruction. At the same time, the Geomagic software was used for relevant image processing, and the finite element software ANSYS was used to establish a finite element model to analyze the stress characteristics of the nasomaxillary complex. Results. The maximum principal stress and maximum strain force at the lower segment of nasal bone and the junction of nasal bone and maxilla were relatively large. When the same external force acts on the lower segment of the nasal bone and the angle is 0° (sagittal force), the maximum principal stress and maximum strain force are the smallest. When the angle continues to increase, the maximum principal stress and maximum strain force continue to increase.