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Arafa A. Household smoking impact on the oral health of 5- to 7-years-old children. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1028. [PMID: 38114982 PMCID: PMC10731723 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly by their parents, could adversely affect their oral health. Thereby, this study aimed to assess the oral health status of children subjected to household smoking and the impact of smoking patterns on the severity of oral health deterioration. METHODS A total of 210 healthy children were enrolled in this case-control study and allocated into children subjected to household smoking (HS) and control groups. Participants' guardians were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics and parental smoking habits. All participants were subjected to clinical dental examination to assess dental caries (ICDAS), hypomineralized primary molars (HSPM), and gingival status (GI). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to assess saliva composition and characteristics. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for cotinine concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.25) software at a test value of p ≤ 0.05. The t-student test was used to find significant differences between participants' age, gingival index score, saliva pH, flow rate, sIgA, and cotinine level. The Chi-square test was used to test for the significance of parental employment, number of rooms, gender, sweets consumption, brushing frequency, and HMPM. The correspondence analysis was used to test for significance of parents' levels of education, type of house ventilation, ICDAS score, smoking form, frequency, and smoking pattern. The correlation between cotinine level and sIgA was tested for association using Bivariate correlation test. RESULTS The HS group showed a significantly increased risk for dental caries (p < 0.000), HSPM lesions (p = 0.007), and GI score (p < 0.000). A significant reduction in salivary flow rate, saliva pH, and sIgA were evident in HS group (p < 0.000). Parental consumption of more than 20 cigarettes/day was accompanied by increased dental caries activity (p < 0.000) and higher risk for increased severity of gingival inflammation (p < 0.000) of children in the HS group. Children of parents who smoke cigarettes and use the hubble/bubble anywhere in the house found to have greater distribution of HSPM (p < 0.000). Reduced sIgA values were found to be significantly associated with increased cotinine concentrations in HS children (p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Frequent exposure to household smoking could be associated with an increased risk of dental caries progression, enamel hypomineralization, gingival inflammation, and saliva characteristics changes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Arafa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, 28, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia.
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Mortensen NB, Haubek D, Dalgård C, Nørgaard SM, Christoffersen L, Cantio E, Rasmussen A, Möller S, Christesen HT. Vitamin D status and tooth enamel hypomineralization are not associated in 4-y-old children: An Odense Child Cohort study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106130. [PMID: 35623597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Early fetal stages of tooth development are vitamin D-dependent, suggesting an impact of vitamin D status in pregnancy on tooth mineralization in human populations. We examined the association between pregnancy and cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and hypomineralization of the second primary molars (HSPM) in the 4-year-old children in the prospective, population-based Odense Child Cohort, Denmark. S-25(OH)D was measured in early pregnancy (<20 weeks, n = 753); late pregnancy (≥20 weeks, n = 841); and in umbilical cord blood (n = 1,241) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. HSPM was scored using modified European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry judgment criteria. The median [Q1;Q3] s-25(OH)D was 65.0 [49.4;78.0], 79.2 [60.4;95.8], and 45.1 [31.2;60.5] nmol/L in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and cord blood, respectively. The prevalence of HSPM was 54.7%; creamy/white demarcated opacities 79.5%; yellowish/brownish demarcated opacities 14.9%; post-eruptive breakdown 5.2%; atypical restoration 0.4%. No univariate or adjusted associations with HSPM were detected for pregnancy or cord s-25(OH)D as a continuous variable or categorized into quartiles or routine clinical cut-offs, or when classifying HSPM by severity. In exploratory multiple regression analysis, HSPM was inversely associated with the length of gestation, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.82 (95% C.I 0.74-0.92, p < 0.001), and directly associated with maternal education, aOR 1.57 (95% C.I 1.18-2.08, p = 0.002). In a population with relatively high s-25(OH)D concentrations and generally healthy mothers and children, pregnancy and cord blood vitamin D status was not associated with HSPM. The associations between HSPM and shorter gestational length and higher maternal education warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Bebe Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- IST - Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Monrad Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christoffersen
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emily Cantio
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Asta Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Thybo Christesen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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McCarra C, Olegário IC, O'Connell AC, Leith R. Prevalence of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:367-382. [PMID: 34432910 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of HSPM worldwide on a child and a tooth level and investigate the influence of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of HSPM. DESIGN A comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The grey literature was also screened as were the reference lists of included studies. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence of HSPM. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1,988 articles, 487 were retrieved for full-text evaluation, and 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis (32 for child and 23 for tooth level prevalence), providing data from 26,805 individuals and 81,107 molars. The prevalence of HSPM was 6.8% (95% CI 4.98%-8.86%) on a child level and 4.08% on a tooth level (95% CI = 2.80%-5.59%). The diagnostic criteria used did not seem to influence the prevalence results (P > .05). The majority of the papers (75%) showed a low-to-moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSION There was a broad variation in the prevalence reported that may be attributed to differences in the study population. The present meta-analysis showed a HSPM prevalence worldwide of 6.8% on a child level and 4.1% on a tooth level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte McCarra
- Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel Cristina Olegário
- Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne C O'Connell
- Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rona Leith
- Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim H, Abdallah Nasr R, Adel Salama A, Ahmed Amin A. Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects ;a cross sectional study, Egypt. F1000Res 2022; 10:1307. [PMID: 35087669 PMCID: PMC8764560.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74557.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and it has pre-eruptive and post-eruptive consequences. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM), Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children, as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition and the dental morbidities. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. A consecutive sample of 54 malnourished cases aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University across 6 months period were examined for HSPM, MIH – using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria - and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Outcomes were the presence or absence of MIH and HSPM and their levels measured as percentage as well as Caries Indices. Exposures were types of malnutrition and the socioeconomic status.
Results
: The mean age of study participants was 7.10 ± 1.34 years. HSPM and MIH were found in 47.2% and 45.2% of the study participants respectively, while dental caries was observed in 83% and 64.3% for primary and permanent teeth respectively. There was co-occurrence between HSPM and MIH in 39% of the cases. HSPM level was significantly different in various types of malnutrition. It showed significant difference between the stunted group (median HSPM of 14.2%) and the overweight or obese group (median HSPM of 0.0%) (P value 0.01). MIH level showed significant differences between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and overweight or obese group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.001), as well as between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and wasted group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.025). Conclusions
: Malnourished children have high prevalence of dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim
- Lecturer, Pediatric Clinical Nutrition department, Pediatric department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdallah Nasr
- Associate Professor , Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo university, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Adel Salama
- Lecturer, Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Amin
- Assistant lecturer, Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
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Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim H, Abdallah Nasr R, Adel Salama A, Ahmed Amin A. Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects: a cross sectional study. F1000Res 2021; 10:1307. [PMID: 35087669 PMCID: PMC8764560 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74557.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and mortalities and considering its consequence on the oral cavity, malnutrition is shown to have pre-eruptive and post-eruptive outcomes. The objective was to assess the prevalence of hypo-mineralized second primary molar (HSPM), molar–incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition of the children and their dental morbidities represented in HSPM, MIH and dental caries. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. Malnourished children aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University were examined for HSPM. MIH using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Results: A consecutive sample (a long six months) of 54 malnourished children were enrolled in the study. Dental caries was a greater dental morbidity in the overweight and obese group. Besides, stunting was a greater risk in HSPM and MIH. There was an association between HSPM and MIH in a considerable percentage of the study group. Conclusions: Malnutrition is a risk factor for dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
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Lima LJS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Soares MEC. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events associated with hypomineralized second primary molar: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6501-6516. [PMID: 34414520 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) appears to be multifactorial but remains uncertain. Thus, the objective was to systematically review studies that investigated adverse health conditions in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods associated with HSPM. MATERIAL AND METHODS The search was carried out in five databases and in gray literature. The risk of bias of observational studies was analyzed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS A total of 1878 studies were identified. Fourteen were eligible, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal smoking (OR = 2.88; 95%CI: 1.62-5.15) and presence of maternal hypertension (OR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.35-6.28) were significantly associated with higher odds of HSPM. In the perinatal period, factors associated with HSPM were low birth weight (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.15-1.96), prematurity (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.37-2.71), delivery complications (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.52-3.83) and need for an incubator (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.70). Not breastfeeding (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58), use of antibiotics by the child (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.04-1.48), fever (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10-1.72) and asthma (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.16-3.13) were the postnatal factors associated with HSPM. CONCLUSION Maternal smoking, maternal hypertension, low birth weight, prematurity, delivery complications, need for incubation, not breastfeeding, antibiotic use, fever and childhood asthma were associated with HSPM. Well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed. Clinical relevance Understanding the etiological factors can be guiding aspects for individual clinical approaches, as well as guiding the design of preventive interventions for HSPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jordana Santos Lima
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Consolação Soares
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bandeira Lopes L, Machado V, Botelho J. A Four-Year Follow-Up Case Report of Hypomineralized Primary Second Molars Rehabilitated with Stainless Steel Crowns. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100923. [PMID: 34682187 PMCID: PMC8534783 DOI: 10.3390/children8100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypomineralized primary second molars (HPSM) are characterized by enamel opacities accompanied by hypersensitivity and atypical caries lesion, on one to four primary second molars. The correct treatment and follow-ups of those teeth have an important impact on a correct eruption of the first permanent molars and future occlusion. Hence, this report aims to describes a case of a severe HPSM in all second molars of a four-year-old girl and subsequent four-year follow-ups. The rehabilitation involved the placement of four stainless steel crowns on all four second primary molars under general anesthesia. Concerning the available literature and the case severity of HPSM, the treatment approach proposed for the case provided good functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Dental Pediatrics Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-411 Almada, Portugal
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