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Tadesse G, Andualem F, Rtbey G, Nakie G, Takelle GM, Molla A, Abate AT, Kibralew G, Kelebie M, Fentahun S, Tinsae T. Gender-based violence and its determinants among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2851. [PMID: 39415129 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence is a serious public health concern and affects a large number of women and girls in humanitarian emergencies. Despite this, there is a dearth of the summary data to address the issue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the estimated pooled magnitude and factors associated with gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were among the databases that were used to search the primary articles. The reviewed papers were articles that evaluated the prevalence and contributing variables of gender-based violence against refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. We extracted the data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which we exported into Stata version 14 for further analysis. The I2 test was applied to identify statistical heterogeneity. We used a random effect meta-analysis methodology because of the heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression test were used to examine publication bias. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed 17 primary studies with a total of 6,161 refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. The findings of this study revealed that the estimated pooled prevalence of gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women was determined to be 48.20% (95% CI: 39.28, 57.12). Young age (AOR = 3.68, CI: 2.63, 5.14), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.53, CI: 1.56, 4.11), and having no social protection (AOR = 3.21, CI: 2.22, 4.63) were factors significantly associated with gender-based violence. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The present study showed that almost half of refugees and internally displaced women residing in Africa were survivors of gender-based violence. Younger women, alcohol users, and those without social protection were more likely to experience gender-based violence. Therefore, it is recommended that accessible information about the consequences of gender-based violence and early intervention for survivors be provided, taking these factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Molla
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Tadesse Abate
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Kibralew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Kelebie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Olaseni AO, Oguntayo R, Nel JA. Mediating role of emotional suppression in the relationship between psychological factors and intimate partner violence among couples with mixed-romantic orientations. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:38-47. [PMID: 37724445 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2258505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered a serious public health concern among couples, regardless of the sexual orientation. However, there is a dearth of data about the determining factors of IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations, and not much is known about the role that intra-psychic factors play in the relationship between psychological factors and IPV. Therefore, the study set out to examine the mediating role of emotional suppression in the relationship between psychological factors and IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations in Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational research design. A total of 241 respondents (61.4% identified as heterosexual and 38.6% as bisexual) in mixed-romantic orientation marriages, were engaged using respondents-driven sampling. Outcomes revealed that emotional suppression (indirectly) mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms [c'-path analysis; b = .029, t(240) = 108, p = <.01; bootstrap =.0573-1715], anxiety [c'-path analysis; b = .027, t(240) = -0.044, p = <.05; bootstrap = .108-.004], stress [c'-path analysis; b = 0.019, t(240) = 0.057, p = <.001; bootstrap = .0247-.0992] and IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations. It was concluded that emotional suppression directly and indirectly mediated the relationship between psychological factors and IPV. Recommendations and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Olaseni
- Department of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Oguntayo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences and Administrations, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Juarez, Mexico
| | - J A Nel
- Department of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
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Zinyemba KG, Hlongwana K. Men's conceptualization of gender-based violence directed to women in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2235. [PMID: 36451124 PMCID: PMC9713989 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence (GBV) is a crucial global public health challenge disenfranchising women and girls from enjoying their fundamental human rights, thereby threatening their well-being. While the concept of GBV does not imply that violence is always unidirectional, literature shows that women and girls are the most common victims of this type of violence. One in three women, globally, have suffered physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner. Evidence has shown that a number of women who experience GBV varies widely, with 37% being in Eastern Mediterranean, 37.7% in South-East Asia, 29.8% in America, 36.6% in Africa, 44% in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 53% in South Africa. METHODS Using a semi-structured face-to-face interview with fifteen conveniently sampled adult males, who met the selection criteria, this study explored men's conceptualisation of GBV in Alexandra Township, using qualitative research methods. RESULTS Socio-economic factors and evolving cultural dynamics were perceived to be among the key factors aggravating gender-based violence. Participants viewed poverty and substance abuse as the main causes of violence towards women, a phenomenon tied to the growing frustration emanating from men's inability to provide for their families. Cultural factors related to the patriarchal system and diminishing value of respect between men and women were identified as root causes of GBV. The participants also blamed the government for what they considered to be "too many rights" for women, resulting in men exerting their authority through abuse. Participants also expressed concerns over feminisation of GBV, asserting that men fall prey to GBV too. Partner infidelity and insecurities also contributed to GBV. CONCLUSION The study results provided important insights on how men conceptualize GBV in Alexandra Township, South Africa. These results revealed that socio-economic conditions, alongside some gender stereotypes are pervasive and shape how men view GBV in Alexandra Township. This evidence is necessary for developing interventions aimed at curbing GBV and may also be suggestive of the need to redesign programmes targeting men, so that certain stereotypes can be uprooted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudakwashe Gracious Zinyemba
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khumbulani Hlongwana
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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