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Nakie G, Takelle GM, Rtbey G, Andualem F, Tinsae T, Kassa MA, Tadesse G, Fentahun S, Wassie YA, Segon T, Kibralew G, Melkam M. Sleep quality and associated factors among university students in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1370757. [PMID: 38559402 PMCID: PMC10979362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1370757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality significantly impacts academic performance in university students. However, inconsistent and inconclusive results were found in a study on sleep among university students in several African nations. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa. Methods The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar were searched to identify articles. A total of 35 primary articles from 11 African countries were assessed and included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were extracted by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The I2 test was used to assess the statistical heterogeneity. A random effect meta-analysis model was employed with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots analysis and Egger regression tests were used to check the presence of publication bias. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done. Results A total of 16,275 study participants from 35 studies were included in this meta-analysis and systematic review. The overall pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa was 63.31% (95% CI: 56.91-65.71) I2 = 97.2. The subgroup analysis shows that the combined prevalence of poor sleep quality in East, North, West, and South Africa were 61.31 (95% CI: 56.91-65.71), 62.23 (95% CI: 54.07-70.39), 54.43 (95% CI: 47.39-61.48), and 69.59 (95% CI: 50.39-88.80) respectively. Being stressed (AOR= 2.39; 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.51), second academic year (AOR= 3.10; 95% CI: 2.30 to 4.19), use of the electronic device at bedtime (AOR= 3.97 95% CI: 2.38 to 6.61)) and having a comorbid chronic illness (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.08, 6.82) were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion This study shows that there is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa. Being stressed, in the second year, using electronic devices at bedtime, and having chronic illness were factors associated with poor sleep quality. Therefore, addressing contributing factors and implementing routine screenings are essential to reduce the burden of poor sleep quality. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023493140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Awoke Kassa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Kibralew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Andualem F, Melkam M, Takelle GM, Nakie G, Tinsae T, Fentahun S, Rtbey G, Begashaw TD, Seid J, Tegegn LF, Gedef GM, Bitew DA, Godana TN. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among displaced people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1336665. [PMID: 38516263 PMCID: PMC10956696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1336665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people who have been displaced from their homes due to violence, conflict, and natural disasters. The displaced persons are vulnerable to PTSD; however, being women, individuals with lower socio-economic status and intense exposure to physical assault are more vulnerable. The reviews stated that the pooled prevalence of PTSD among refugees in high-income countries was higher than the general population. However, there has been no review done on PTSD among displaced persons in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarise the most recent data evidence on the pooled prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and the pooled effect of associated factors on adult displaced people in Africa. Methods We used an appropriate guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reports, which is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411371). The publications were identified from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus databases, and other grey searches of Google Scholar and World Health Organisation (WHO) reports. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it will be imported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. Results We have included 10 studies conducted in African countries with 5287 study participants. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among displaced people in Africa was 55.64 (95% CI: 42.76-68.41%). Further, in subgroup analysis regarding the study participants, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among internally displaced people and refugees was 56.35% and 54.04%, respectively. Among the associated factors, being female, unemployed, and depression were significantly related to PTSD among displaced people. Conclusions In this review, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among displaced people in Africa was high. Demographic characteristics (female, single, and unemployed), substance use disorder, and depression were risk factors for PTSD among displaced people. This finding might help the stakeholders (mental health policy makers, administrators, and mental health professionals) to address the prevention, early screening, and management of PTSD among displaced people and to give attention to more vulnerable bodies. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023411371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Derbie Begashaw
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Seid
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lidiya Fasil Tegegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Muluye Gedef
- Department of General Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Nega Godana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Science, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tinsae T, Shumet S, Melkam M, Segon T, Medfu Takelle G, Rtbey G, Nakie G, Fentahun S, Andualem F, Getinet W. Psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 152:109648. [PMID: 38277847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity is a double burden among people with epilepsy. Since people with epilepsy are more vulnerable to psychiatric illnesses. So, the implementation of an appropriate intervention to minimize the double burden of comorbidity is very important. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of psychiatric comorbidity among people with epilepsy in Ethiopia. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Item Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. Searching databases were PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and HINARI.The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The pooled meta-logistic regression was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the risk factors with a 95% CI. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy was 34.69 % (95 % CI: 29.27, 40.10). Frequent seizures (POR = 2.94: 95 % CI: 1.08, 8.00) and a history of divorce (POR = 2.00: 95 % CI: 1.09, 3.81) were associated factors of psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with epilepsy was found to be higher compared with the general population. Therefore, among people with epilepsy, parallel psychiatric evaluation is very important along with neurological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Techilo Tinsae
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Girum Nakie
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Wondale Getinet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
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Tadesse G, Tinsae T, Nakie G, Rtbey G, Andualem F, Tadesse A, Melkam M, Takelle GM, Fentahun S. Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia: a national-based systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1352648. [PMID: 38500809 PMCID: PMC10946423 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1352648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a major public health problem and negatively affects the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. Despite multiple studies investigating the magnitude and predictors, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia. Methods The primary articles were searched using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and African Journal Online. A total of 10 primary articles that assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia were included. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to extract the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Due to heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was employed. Publication bias was checked through Egger's weighted regression test and funnel plot. Results A total of 10 primary studies with 3,532 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy was found to be 41.69% (95% CI, 37.70, 45.68). The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms was 48.61, 42.98, 40.68, 38.27, and 34.80% in Oromia, SNNPs, Amhara, Addis Ababa, and Tigray, respectively, based on a sub-group analysis per regional state. Perceived stigma (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.40, 7.80), seizure frequency (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 1.03, 14.09), and perceived stress (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.05, 20.06) were factors associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion We found that depressive symptoms affects at least four out of ten patients with epilepsy, indicating an immense burden. Depressive symptoms were extremely prevalent in those who had high levels of stigma, a monthly seizure frequency of once or more, and perceived stress. Therefore, physicians should take extra precautions when treating patients with epilepsy who have certain conditions. Systematic review registration This study was registered according to The International Prospective Register of Systemic Review (PROSPERO) with the registration ID (CRD42023484308).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tinsae T, Shumet S, Azale T, Salelew E, Demilew D, Lema A, Nakie G, Andualem F, Srahbzu M, Amare T, Getinet W. Exposure to stress-full life events and help-seeking behaviors among reproductive-age women in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:310-316. [PMID: 37972661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful life events are a significant public health issue worldwide. Despite its mental, psychological, and social problems, important questions about the prevalence and risk factors remained unanswered. Therefore, this study aimed to show major life events and help-seeking behaviors among women in the reproductive-age group. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using a multistage cluster sampling technique to get a total of 845 study participants from March 20 to April 29, 2021. Exposure to stressful life events and help-seeking behavior was collected using Women's Exposure to the Stressful Life Events Test, and General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHQ) respectively. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into EPI-Info version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The prevalence of stressful life events and help-seeking behaviors was 47.9 % and 38.7 % respectively. Reproductive-age women with poor social support (AOR = 2.392, 95 % CI: 1.422, 4.026), moderate social support (AOR = 1.861, 95 % CI: 1.341, 2.583), husband alcohol users (AOR = 1.496, 95 % CI: 1.027, 2.178), husband chat users (AOR = 2.962, 95 % CI: 1.140, 7.696), and having ever suicidal attempt (AOR = 8.702, CI: 1.719, 44.049), were positively associated with stressful life events. CONCLUSION Nearly half of reproductive-age women had stressful life events. Thus, it is important to give serious attention to addressing those identified factors to increase public awareness, especially among husbands, their families, and elected authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Techilo Tinsae
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Public Health, Ethiopia
| | - Endalamaw Salelew
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Demilew
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Lema
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Srahbzu
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Amare
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
| | - Wondale Getinet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia
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Andualem F, Melkam M, Takelle GM, Nakie G, Tinsae T, Fentahun S, Rtbey G, Seid J, Gedef GM, Bitew DA, Godana TN. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its associated factors in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1338304. [PMID: 38356911 PMCID: PMC10865226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1338304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical research and epidemiological studies have shown that many women experience physical and behavioral symptoms that begin during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and terminate around the onset of menses; this is called premenstrual syndrome. The reviews stated that the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was around 50 percent. However, there has been no review done on premenstrual syndrome in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the most recent data evidence on the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its pooled effect of associated factors in Africa. Method We used an appropriate guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reports, which is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023414021). The publications were identified from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and other grey searches. The included papers were the original data that reported the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and associated factors published, in English, and papers available online from January 1, 2000, to May 30, 2023. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it would be imported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. Results We have included 16 studies conducted in African countries with 6530 study participants. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among the reproductive-age participants in Africa was 46.98 (95% CI: 28.9-65.06%). Further, in subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 57.32% in Nigeria, 43.8% in Ethiopia, and 38.6% among university students and 66.04% among secondary school students. Among associated factors, the early age of menarche was significantly related to premenstrual syndrome. Conclusion In this review, the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Africa was high. Among factors, the early age of menarche was a risk factor for premenstrual syndrome. This finding might help the stakeholders (mental health policy makers, administrators, and mental health professionals) to address prevention, early screening, and management of PMS among reproductive-age women, and to give attention to more vulnerable bodies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023414021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Seid
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Muluye Gedef
- Department of General Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Nega Godana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Science, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Takelle GM, Nakie G, Rtbey G, Melkam M. Depressive symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: an institution-based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148638. [PMID: 37415690 PMCID: PMC10322208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression during pregnancy has a significant impact on public health as it can adversely affect both the mother's and the child's health. These can have devastating effects on the mother, the unborn child, and the entire family. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from May to June 2022. Measurement The desired data were collected through face-to-face interview techniques by using validated questionnaires such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Oslo-3 social support scale, and the Abuse Assessment Screen tools. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 25. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms. Variables having a p-value of <0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% CI. Results This study revealed that 91 (19.2%) pregnant women screened positive for depressive symptoms. According to multivariable logistic regression, living in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.267, 5.256), being in the second or third trimesters of gestational phase (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.949, 9.966 and AOR = 5.42, 95% CI: 2.438, 12.028, respectively), having a history of alcohol use (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.099, 5.260), having moderate or poor social support (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.220, 5.338 and AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.106, 5.268), and having a history of intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.416, 5.016) were the factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women was high. Living in rural areas, second and third trimesters, use of alcohol, having moderate to poor social support, and having a history of intimate partner violence were variables significantly associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
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Kassa MA, Srahbzu M, Nakie G, Mekuria K, Feleke SF, Tesfa NA, Getnet B. Suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2022. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37259028 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and attempts usually occur during adolescence time, and living in war- affected area make the problem more predominate and severe. To the best of our knowledge, there were no studies done among high school students who live in war affected areas in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia. METHODS School based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 23 to June 08, 2022.Data were collected from high school students in Woldia town, Ethiopia. Pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. RESULTS A total of 668 of the 707 sampled students participated in the study (94.5% response rate). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students in Woldia town was 16.29% and 12.87%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, poor social support(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI:1.49, 5.46), posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI:1.20, 3.85), family history of suicide(AOR = 3.94, 95% CI:2.21, 7.04), anxiety(AOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.72, 6.89), and depression (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI:1.24, 4.33) were factors significantly associated with suicide ideation, and poor social support(AOR = 2.75, 95% CI:1.38, 5.47), depression (AOR = 4.27, 95% CI:2.10, 8.67) and being a female sex (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.22, 3.69) were factors significantly associated with suicidal attempt. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study revealed that at least one in six and one in eight of the students had suicidal ideation and attempt, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that Ministry of Education shall work with Ministry of Health to extend and implement mental health services in high schools and provide social support to those students who need the services in order for the prevention of suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulat Awoke Kassa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Mengesha Srahbzu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Mekuria
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Amare Tesfa
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanie Getnet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Melkam M, Tinsae T, Andualem F, Nakie G. Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adults exposed to stress in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis and systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231160884. [PMID: 36949825 PMCID: PMC10026129 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231160884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder is a complex psychiatric disorder that develops after exposure to traumatic events, such as violent physical assaults, accidents, rape, natural disasters, and conflicts, stranger than usual human experiences. The typical presentation of intrusive thoughts, the persistence of the trauma, the avoidance of pertinent stimuli, emotional numbness, and physiological hyperarousal are the characteristics of this anxiety symptom. Despite the presence of a study conducted on this problem, the pooled effect, particularly in Ethiopia, is not known; therefore, this study assessed the allover burden of post-traumatic stress disorder. Method The available study was extracted and conducted on post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors in Ethiopia by three independent authors. The data were analyzed by using STATA version 11 after extraction was done on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of post-traumatic stress disorder and its effect in the previous studies with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots analysis and Egger regression tests were conducted to detect the presence of publication bias. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done. Result Thirteen (13) studies were included with a total of 5874 study participants in this meta-analysis and systematic reviews. The pooled prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Ethiopia was 39.28% with a 95% confidence interval (26.54, 52.01). Poor social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval (1.81, 4.53)), being female (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89; 95% confidence interval (1.53, 2.34)), presence of previous mental illness (adjusted odds ratio = 4.72; 95% confidence interval (2.62, 8.36)), and witness (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval (1.30, 3.11)) were associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion The burden of post-traumatic stress disorder in this meta-analysis and systematic review is high; therefore, immediate intervention is needed for those specific traumatized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Melkam M, Segon T, Nakie G. Social phobia of Ethiopian students: meta-analysis and systematic review. Syst Rev 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 36918994 PMCID: PMC10012574 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder is defined as the fear of social situations, incorporating situations that involve contact with strangers. People highly fear embarrassing themselves which includes situations like social gatherings, oral presentations, and meeting new people. People with social phobia have nonspecific fears of practicing vague or, performing specific tasks like eating or speaking in front of others. In people with social anxiety disorder, worry can arise from both the circumstance itself and embarrassment from others, for students, social phobia is an overwhelming fear of speaking in front of others or giving presentations in class. The prevalence of social phobia among different studies in Ethiopia was inconsistent and inconclusive therefore, this study showed the cumulative burden of social phobia among students in Ethiopia. METHOD Observational studies published on social phobia and associated factors among students in Ethiopia were included in this study based on the criteria after independent selection by two authors. Data were extracted by Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to be exported to Stata version 11 for further analysis. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of social phobia and its effect on the previous studies with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots analysis and Egger regression tests were conducted to detect the presence of publication bias. Sub-group analysis and sensitivity analysis were done. RESULT A total of 2878 study participants from seven studies were included in this meta-analysis and systematic review. The pooled prevalence of social phobia among students in Ethiopia was 26.81% with a 95% CI (22.31-31.30). The pooled effect size of social phobia in Oromia, Amhara, and SNNPs regions was 24.76%, 24.76%, and 29.47%, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, university, and college/high school students were 28.05% and 25.34% respectively. Being female [AOR = 2.11 (95% CI 1.72-2.60)], having poor social support [AOR = 2.38 (95% CI 1.54-3.70)], substance use [AOR = 2.25 (95% CI 1.54-3.30)], single parent [AOR = 5.18 (95% CI 3.30-8.12)], and rural residence [AOR = 2.29 (95% CI 1.91-2.75)] were significantly associated in this meta-analysis in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of social phobia in this meta-analysis and systematic review was high (26.81%) among students therefore, the educational bureau needs to work on decreasing the burden of social phobia to raise the academic achievement and creativity of the students. In therapeutic advice like exposure to presentations, family members take the responsibility for the students' therapy and expose them to various social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mulugeta A, Azale T, Mirkena Y, Koye S, Nakie G, Kassaye A, Dereje J, Bedewi N, Dechasa DB, Asfaw H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among older adults in Yirgalem town, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148881. [PMID: 37065897 PMCID: PMC10090554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a serious mental health issue and the largest contributor to disability worldwide. Elderly people with depression are significantly more likely to experience negative outcomes such as poor physical health, strained social relationships, and decreased quality of life. Studies on geriatric depression are limited in developing nations like Ethiopia. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older adults in Yirgalem, Southern Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 628 older adults in Yirgalem town from May 15 to June 15, 2022. The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using the 15-item Geriatric depression scale through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were edited, cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data version 4.6 software and analyzed using STATA version 14. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with depression, and statistical significance was declared at a 95% confidence interval with a P-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 620 older adults were included in the study, with a response rate of 97.8%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults was 51.77% (95% CI: 47.83-55.69). Being a woman (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.56-3141); being of more advanced age: 70-79 years old (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.07), 80-89 years old (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.27-3.65), 90 and older (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.95-7.79); living alone (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41); having a chronic illness (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.06-4.46); having anxiety (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 2.25-5.14); and having poor social support (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.09-6.04) were statistically associated with depressive symptoms at a P-value of less than 0.05. Conclusion This study found that depression affects more than half of the elderly residents in the study area. More advanced age, being a woman, living alone, having a chronic illness, having anxiety, and having poor social support were all strongly linked to depression. There is a need to integrate counseling and psychiatric services into the community healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiy Mulugeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Abiy Mulugeta,
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Mirkena
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Koye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abenet Kassaye
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jerman Dereje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Neim Bedewi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Deribe Bekele Dechasa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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12
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Melkam M, Segon T, Nakie G, Nenko G, Demilew D. Substance use and associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J 2023. [DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.162.35168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
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Nakie G, Segon T, Melkam M, Desalegn GT, Zeleke TA. Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:739. [PMID: 36443717 PMCID: PMC9707065 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have revealed that students' performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006-1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357-11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045-1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407-7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045-4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028-3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012-3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010-1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203-2.515). CONCLUSION The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Metu University, Metu, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Tesfaw Desalegn
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Amare Zeleke
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Segon T, Kerebih H, Gashawu F, Tesfaye B, Nakie G, Anbesaw T. Sleep quality and associated factors among nurses working at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest, Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:931588. [PMID: 36051547 PMCID: PMC9425912 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep quality is common among nurses. This problem possibly results in negative emotional and psychological consequences in nurses which secondary affect their work performances. However, in Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information about poor sleep quality and associated factors among nurses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors among nurses working at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 nurses who worked at University of Gondar (UOG), Tibebe Ghion, Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia, who were incorporated into the study through a simple random sampling technique from 1 May to 2 June 2021. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) with a cut score of above 5 was used to assess sleep quality using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Other tools used are Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Shift Work sleep disorders (SWSD), and Oslo-3 social support scales. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables that have a significant association with poor sleep quality among nurse professionals. The degree of association was assessed using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a two-tailed p-value of <0.05. RESULTS A total of 510 nurses were included in the study with a response rate of 94%. The study showed that the overall prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses was 75.5% (95% CI (71.8, 79.1). Being female (AOR = 1.72:95% CI = 1.19, 2.28), depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.24:95% CI = 1.24, 3.85), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.12: 95% CI = 1.23, 3.62), stress (AOR = 2.85: 95% CI = 1.67, 4.82) and current alcohol drinking (AOR = 1.84 :95% CI = 1.27, 3.13) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses was high. Being female, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress, and current alcohol drinking had been significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Therefore, it is essential to institute effective intervention strategies emphasizing contributing factors to poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Kerebih
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fanuel Gashawu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Anbesaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Nakie G, Melkam M, Desalegn GT, Zeleke TA. Prevalence and associated factors of social phobia among high school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949124. [PMID: 36387008 PMCID: PMC9640733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social phobia is the third most common mental illness in the world. It harms educational achievement by increasing school absentees and prevents students to participate in class, and this leads to a significant impairment of the emotional, psychological, social, and physical wellbeing of students. The research done regarding social phobia and associated factors among high school students in low- and middle-income countries is limited. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of social phobia among adolescents and have a pivotal role in further investigation. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and associated factors of social phobia among high school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 April to 14 May 2021, by using a simple random sampling technique to select a sample of 936 participants after proportional allocation to the six high schools. Social phobia was assessed by using the social phobia inventory (SPIN), independent variables like social support were assessed by Oslo social support scale, substance-related factors by ASSIST, and the rest of the other factors were assessed by structured questionnaires. Binary and multivariate analyses were done to identify factors associated with social phobia. Statistical significance was declared at a 95% confidence interval (CI) of p-value less than or equal to 0.05. RESULT The prevalence of social phobia among adolescents was found to be 40.2% (95% CI 37.0 to 43.4%). In the multivariable analysis, female sex (AOR = 1.374, 95% CI = 1.016, 1.858), poor social support (AOR = 2.408, 95% CI = 1.660, 3.493), having known chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.131, 95% CI = 1.173, 3.870), having a history of mental illness in the family (AOR = 1.723, 95% CI = 1.071, 2.773), and is highly risky alcohol user (AOR = 1.992 95% CI 1.034, 3.838) were factors significantly associated with social phobia symptoms. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of SP among adolescents was high. Therefore, early detection and adequate intervention are crucial to reducing the overall burden of social phobia among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Tesfaw Desalegn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Amare Zeleke
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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