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Navab R, Haward R, Chacko J, Haward R. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Heart Cell Regeneration Post-myocardial Infarction: A Propitious Therapeutic Approach. Cureus 2024; 16:e51951. [PMID: 38333505 PMCID: PMC10852202 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, one of the primary factors leading to death is cardiovascular disorders, specifically coronary artery disease, which leads to myocardial infarction (MI). This article investigates the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for regenerating cardiac cells following MI. We look into the pathophysiology of MI, current treatment methods, and the heart's limited ability to heal itself. This is done to see if PRP could help the heart heal faster, reduce the size of the infarct, and stop scar tissue from forming. We analyze the production procedure of PRP, its composition of growth factors, and its utilization in many medical domains. The ways that PRP helps the heart heal are also being looked into. This includes how it affects inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Although we recognize the existing constraints, we meticulously take into account issues such as standardization, therapeutic variance, and potential harmful effects. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive guidelines, continuous research, and enhanced clinical applications to fully harness the potential of platelet-rich plasma in the regeneration of cardiac cells after a heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Navab
- Internal Medicine, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Raymond Haward
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Joshua Chacko
- Internal Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Rachel Haward
- Internal Medicine, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, IND
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Electrically conductive scaffolds mimicking the hierarchical structure of cardiac myofibers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2863. [PMID: 36804588 PMCID: PMC9938142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically conductive scaffolds, mimicking the unique directional alignment of muscle fibers in the myocardium, are fabricated using the 3D printing micro-stereolithography technique. Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (photo-sensitive polymer), Irgacure 819 (photo-initiator), curcumin (dye) and polyaniline (conductive polymer) are blended to make the conductive ink that is crosslinked using free radical photo-polymerization reaction. Curcumin acts as a liquid filter and prevents light from penetrating deep into the photo-sensitive solution and plays a central role in the 3D printing process. The obtained scaffolds demonstrate well defined morphology with an average pore size of 300 ± 15 μm and semi-conducting properties with a conductivity of ~ 10-6 S/m. Cyclic voltammetry analyses detect the electroactivity and highlight how the electron transfer also involve an ionic diffusion between the polymer and the electrolyte solution. Scaffolds reach their maximum swelling extent 30 min after immersing in the PBS at 37 °C and after 4 weeks they demonstrate a slow hydrolytic degradation rate typical of polyethylene glycol network. Conductive scaffolds display tunable conductivity and provide an optimal environment to the cultured mouse cardiac progenitor cells.
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Carotenuto F, Politi S, Ul Haq A, De Matteis F, Tamburri E, Terranova ML, Teodori L, Pasquo A, Di Nardo P. From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050780. [PMID: 35630247 PMCID: PMC9144100 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Failure of tissues and organs resulting from degenerative diseases or trauma has caused huge economic and health concerns around the world. Tissue engineering represents the only possibility to revert this scenario owing to its potential to regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs. In a regeneration strategy, biomaterials play a key role promoting new tissue formation by providing adequate space for cell accommodation and appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues to support cell proliferation and differentiation. Among other physical cues, the architectural features of the biomaterial as a kind of instructive stimuli can influence cellular behaviors and guide cells towards a specific tissue organization. Thus, the optimization of biomaterial micro/nano architecture, through different manufacturing techniques, is a crucial strategy for a successful regenerative therapy. Over the last decades, many micro/nanostructured biomaterials have been developed to mimic the defined structure of ECM of various soft and hard tissues. This review intends to provide an overview of the relevant studies on micro/nanostructured scaffolds created for soft and hard tissue regeneration and highlights their biological effects, with a particular focus on striated muscle, cartilage, and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
| | - Sara Politi
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arsalan Ul Haq
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tamburri
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Terranova
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Alessandra Pasquo
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
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Ul Haq A, Carotenuto F, De Matteis F, Prosposito P, Francini R, Teodori L, Pasquo A, Di Nardo P. Intrinsically Conductive Polymers for Striated Cardiac Muscle Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8550. [PMID: 34445255 PMCID: PMC8395236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important features of striated cardiac muscle is the excitability that turns on the excitation-contraction coupling cycle, resulting in the heart blood pumping function. The function of the heart pump may be impaired by events such as myocardial infarction, the consequence of coronary artery thrombosis due to blood clots or plaques. This results in the death of billions of cardiomyocytes, the formation of scar tissue, and consequently impaired contractility. A whole heart transplant remains the gold standard so far and the current pharmacological approaches tend to stop further myocardium deterioration, but this is not a long-term solution. Electrically conductive, scaffold-based cardiac tissue engineering provides a promising solution to repair the injured myocardium. The non-conductive component of the scaffold provides a biocompatible microenvironment to the cultured cells while the conductive component improves intercellular coupling as well as electrical signal propagation through the scar tissue when implanted at the infarcted site. The in vivo electrical coupling of the cells leads to a better regeneration of the infarcted myocardium, reducing arrhythmias, QRS/QT intervals, and scar size and promoting cardiac cell maturation. This review presents the emerging applications of intrinsically conductive polymers in cardiac tissue engineering to repair post-ischemic myocardial insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ul Haq
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Prosposito
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Francini
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pasquo
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- CIMER—Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.P.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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