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Marinho MM, da Rocha MN, Magalhães EP, Ribeiro LR, Roberto CHA, de Queiroz Almeida-Neto FW, Monteiro ML, Nunes JVS, de Menezes RRPPB, Marinho ES, de Lima Neto P, Martins AMC, Dos Santos HS. Insights of potential trypanocidal effect of the synthetic derivative (2E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: in vitro assay, MEV analysis, quantum study, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, MPO analysis, and predictive ADMET. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:7797-7818. [PMID: 38722342 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the antitrypanosomiasis activity of a synthetic dichloro-substituted aminochalcone via in vitro assays against infected cell cultures, as well as a theoretical characterization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics against the protein targets of the evolutionary cycle of T. cruzi. The in vitro evaluation of parasite proliferation inhibition was performed via cytotoxicity analysis on mammalian host cells, effect on epimastigote and trypomastigote forms, and cell death analysis, while computer simulations characterized the electronic structure of (2E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DCl), the mechanism of action against the proteins of the evolutionary cycle of T. cruzi: Cruzain, Trypanothione reductase, TcGAPDH, and CYP51 by molecular docking and dynamics and predictive pharmacokinetics by MPO-based ADMET. The in vitro tests showed that the DCl LC50 in order of 178.9 ± 23.9 was similar to the BZN, evidencing the effectiveness of chalcone against Trypomastigotes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that DCl acts on the active site of the CYP51 receptor, with hydrogen interactions that showed a high degree of occupation, establishing a stable complex with the target. MPO analysis and ADMET prediction tests suggest that the compound presents an alignment between permeability and hepatic clearance, although it presents low metabolic stability. Chalcone showed stable pharmacodynamics against the CYP51 target, but can form reactive metabolites from N-conjugation and C = C epoxidation, as an indication of controlled oral dose, although the estimated LD50 rate > 500 mg/kg is a indicative of low incidence of lethality by ingestion, constituting a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Machado Marinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes da Rocha
- Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Alexandre Roberto
- Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Lopes Monteiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Victor Serra Nunes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Center for Science and Technology, Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima Neto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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Synthetic Analogues of Gibbilimbol B Induce Bioenergetic Damage and Calcium Imbalance in Trypanosoma cruzi. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030663. [PMID: 36983820 PMCID: PMC10052702 DOI: 10.3390/life13030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is an endemic tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects around 7 million people worldwide, mostly in development countries. The treatment relies on only two available drugs, with severe adverse effects and a limited efficacy. Therefore, the search for new therapies is a legitimate need. Within this context, our group reported the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of gibbilimbol B, a natural alkylphenol isolated from the plant Piper malacophyllum. Two synthetic derivatives, LINS03018 (1) and LINS03024 (2), demonstrated a higher antiparasitic potency and were selected for mechanism of action investigations. Our studies revealed no alterations in the plasma membrane potential, but a rapid alkalinization of the acidocalcisomes. Nevertheless, compound 1 exhibit a pronounced effect in the bioenergetics metabolism, with a mitochondrial impairment and consequent decrease in ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Compound 2 only depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, with no interferences in the respiratory chain. Additionally, no macrophages response of nitric oxide (NO) was observed in both compounds. Noteworthy, simple structure modifications in these derivatives induced significant differences in their lethal effects. Thus, this work reinforces the importance of the mechanism of action investigations at the early phases of drug discovery and support further developments of the series.
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Reis CRCD, Souza HVCMD, Leme RPP, Castelo-Branco FS, Fernandes TVA, Boechat N, Dias LRS, Hoelz LVB. Study of the dynamic behavior of the cruzain enzyme in free and complexed forms with competitive and noncovalent benzimidazole inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35475501 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2067238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There are only two drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, namely, nifurtimox and benznidazole, that can cause several adverse effects. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs in the disease's acute phase, they are not recognized as curative in the chronic phase, establishing the need for more effective treatment in all stages of the disease. Cruzain is an enzyme that plays a vital role in the life cycle of the etiologic agent, the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, being relevant as a therapeutic target in the planning of new drugs. Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we have investigated the structural and dynamic factors that can be involved in the enzyme inhibition process at the atomic-molecular level by benzimidazole compounds that are potent cruzain inhibitors with in vitro trypanocidal activity. The study suggests that these inhibitors bind cruzain through steric and hydrogen bonding interactions without altering its secondary structure content and protein compaction. Besides, we observed that these inhibitors decrease the correlation of movements between Cα-atoms of cruzain, increasing the number of atomic communities, mainly in the α-helix that presents the catalytic Cys25 residue. As expected, we also observed a correlation between the inhibitory activity of each inhibitor and their respective binding-free energies, reinforcing that the affinity of the complexes seems to be a relevant factor for enzymatic inhibition. Hence, the results presented in this work contribute to a better understanding of the cruzain enzyme inhibition mechanism through competitive and non-covalent inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rodrigues Chaves Dos Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para Saúde (PPG-CAPS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Viana, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Medicinal - LQMed, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hellen Valério Chaves Moura de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rennan Papaleo Paes Leme
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco J - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico Silva Castelo-Branco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tácio Vinício Amorim Fernandes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Núbia Boechat
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Rosaria Sousa Dias
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Medicinal - LQMed, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Villas Bôas Hoelz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Síntese Fármacos - LASFAR, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Chakravarti I, Miranda-Schaeubinger M, Ruiz-Remigio A, Briones-Garduño C, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Villanueva-Cabello CC, Borge-Villareal A, Bejar-Ramírez Y, Pérez-González A, Rivera-Benitez C, Oren E, Brown HE, Becker I, Gilman RH. Chagas Disease in Pregnant Women from Endemic Regions Attending the Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:8. [PMID: 35051124 PMCID: PMC8779423 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection leads to Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical infection of significant public health importance in South and Central America and other, non-endemic, countries. Pregnant women and their children are of particular importance to screen as T. cruzi can be transmitted vertically. The objective of this study was to screen for T. cruzi infection among pregnant women from endemic areas seen at the Hospital General de Mexico for prenatal care, so that they and their children may be quickly connected to CD treatment. Pregnant women were recruited through the hospital prenatal clinic and screened for T. cruzi infection using a series of serological and molecular tests. Of 150 screened patients, mean age 26.8 (SD 6.4), 30 (20.0%) were positive by at least one diagnostic test. Of these, only nine (6%) were positive as determined by PCR. Diagnosis of chronic CD is difficult in endemic places like Mexico due to the limitations of current commercially available diagnostic tests. Further evaluation of diagnostic performance of various assays could improve current CD diagnostic algorithms and proper care management in these regions. Genetic variability in the parasite may also play a role in the differing assay performances seen in this study, and this may be a valuable avenue of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Chakravarti
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA;
| | | | - Adriana Ruiz-Remigio
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (E.A.F.-F.); (C.C.V.-C.)
| | - Carlos Briones-Garduño
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (C.B.-G.); (A.B.-V.)
| | - Edith A. Fernández-Figueroa
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (E.A.F.-F.); (C.C.V.-C.)
- Computational and Integrative Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
| | - Concepción Celeste Villanueva-Cabello
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (E.A.F.-F.); (C.C.V.-C.)
| | - Alejandra Borge-Villareal
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (C.B.-G.); (A.B.-V.)
| | - Yadira Bejar-Ramírez
- Banco de Sangre, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.B.-R.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-González
- Banco de Sangre, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.B.-R.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - César Rivera-Benitez
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Eyal Oren
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Heidi E. Brown
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (E.A.F.-F.); (C.C.V.-C.)
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA;
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Marcus R, Henao-Martínez AF, Nolan M, Livingston E, Klotz SA, Gilman RH, Miranda-Schaeubinger M, Meymandi S. Recognition and screening for Chagas disease in the USA. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211046086. [PMID: 34589212 PMCID: PMC8474340 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211046086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health concern, mainly among countries in South and Central America. However, despite the large number of immigrants from endemic countries living in the USA, awareness of CD is poor in the medical community, and therefore it is significantly underdiagnosed. To avoid the catastrophic cardiac complications of CD and to prevent maternal-fetal transmission, widespread educational programs highlighting the need for diagnosis are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marcus
- LASOCHA, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital,
Baltimore, MD 21218-2829, USA
| | - Andrés F. Henao-Martínez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa Nolan
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Livingston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen A. Klotz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Sheba Meymandi
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of
Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Chagas Disease, David
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Añez N, Crisante G, Rojas A, Segnini S, Espinoza-Álvarez O, Teixeira MM. Update on Chagas disease in Venezuela during the period 2003-2018. A review. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105310. [PMID: 31862464 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the status of Chagas disease in Venezuela during the period 2003-2018, based on the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi-infection in 3,343 blood samples of individuals from rural localities and 182 patients referred from health centers to confirm presumptive clinical diagnostic. The study involved samples from 81 rural localities of 17 states located at different regions and ecological life zones of the country. Analysis by parasitological (fresh microscopic observation, hemoculture and Giemsa stained blood smears), serological (DAT, IFAT-polyvalent, IgM, IgG tests) and molecular (PCR) tests, revealed 10.7% seroprevalence and 42.8% T. cruzi-infection, in individuals from rural localities and referred patients, respectively. In both groups T. cruzi-infection was detected at any age, revealing active transmission in children under 10-years-old. Clinical profile detected in referred patients, showed significantly major number of symptoms in orally infected patients than in infected by vectorial route (P<0.01). Genetic characterization of T. cruzi isolates obtained from orally and vectorial transmitted acute Chagas disease in western Venezuela, revealed the circulation of DTUI and DTUIII in the former, and DTUI, DTUII and DTUIII in patients infected by vectorial route. DTUI predominated in both cases, and haplotype Ib was the most frequently found in this genotype. Statistical analysis of clinical profile - T. cruzi DTUs - transmission route relationships did not show association among these variables and, consequently, chagasic patient's clinical condition did not depend of T. cruzi genotype or its route of transmission. In addition, differences in clinical severity may be associated with host susceptibility and/or parasite load received by the human receptor in spite of the T. cruzi genotype itself. The epidemiological implications of the present findings are discussed, and the need for developing efficient tools as well as implementation of urgent and radical changes in the public health policy to control Chagas disease transmission in the Venezuelan territory are suggested.
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