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Breunig M, Chelf C, Kashiwagi D. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Psychomotor Learning Curves: A Systematic Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:1363-1373. [PMID: 38712576 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in clinical medicine and inclusion in medical training is increasing. Some professional societies recommend that 25-50 POCUS examinations be completed for each application learned; however, the amount of practice required is not well studied. As such, a better understanding of the learning curves of POCUS psychomotor skills is needed. This systematic review characterizes the learning curves for POCUS psychomotor skill acquisition. METHODS With the assistance of a research librarian, the available literature through August 28, 2023, was identified. The titles and abstracts, and then the full text were reviewed by two reviewers to screen for inclusion. All studies included after full-text review then underwent data extraction and analysis. RESULTS The search identified 893 unique studies. Forty-five studies underwent full-text review, with 17 meeting full inclusion criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was noted in study design, duration of education, number and type of learners, and methods for statistical analysis. Clear and validated definitions for learning endpoints, such as plateau points or competency, are lacking. Learning curves and endpoints differ for different applications of POCUS. CONCLUSION The results are overall supportive of the recommendations to complete 25-50 examinations per application of POCUS learned. However, specific applications require more practice than others. Certain applications, such as cardiac and the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exams, are closer to 50; while others, such as soft tissue, airway, and eye require no more than 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Breunig
- Mayo Clinic Physician Assistant Program, Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia Chelf
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deanne Kashiwagi
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Octavius GS, Imanuelly M, Wibowo J, Heryadi NK, Widjaja M. Inferior vena cava to aorta ratio in dehydrated pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:477-484. [PMID: 37321576 PMCID: PMC10626024 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydration due to acute diarrhea is among the leading causes of mortality. However, advancements in management and technology do not help clinicians differentiate dehydration degrees. Ultrasound using the inferior vena cava to aorta (IVC/ Ao) ratio is a promising noninvasive technique to identify significant pediatric dehydration. PUSPOSE Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the diagnostic parameters of the IVC/Ao ratio for predicting clinically significant dehydration in pediatric patients. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for studies of pediatric patients (≤18 years old) who presented with signs and symptoms of dehydration due to acute diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or vomiting. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trial study design and publication in any language. We then conducted a meta-analysis using the midas and metandi commands from Stata software. RESULTS Five studies of 461 patients were included. The combined sensitivity was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79%-91%), while the specificity was 73% (95% CI, 59%-84%). The area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.91). The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 3.2 (95% CI, 2.1-5.1) with a 76% posttest probability, while the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12-0.28) with a 16% posttest probability. The combined negative predictive value was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.91), while the positive predictive value was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68-0.82). CONCLUSION The IVC/Ao ratio was insufficient to exclude or confirm significant dehydration in pediatric patients. More studies are needed, especially multicenter, adequately powered diagnostic research, to will help establish the usefulness of the IVC/Ao ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Imanuelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Johan Wibowo
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Melanie Widjaja
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Vaidya GN, Kolodziej A, Stoner B, Galaviz JV, Cao X, Heier K, Thompson M, Birks E, Campbell K. Bedside ultrasound of the internal jugular vein to assess fluid status and right ventricular function: The POCUS-JVD study. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 70:151-156. [PMID: 37307660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate estimation of fluid status is important in the management of heart failure patients, however, the current methods for bedside assessment can be unreliable or impractical for daily use. METHODS Non-ventilated patients were enrolled immediately prior to scheduled right heart catheterization (RHC). Using M-mode, IJV maximum (Dmax) and minimum (Dmin) anteroposterior diameters were measured during normal breathing, while supine. Respiratory variation in diameter (RVD) was calculated as [(Dmax - Dmin)/Dmax] in percentage. Collapsibility with sniff maneuver (COS) was assessed. Lastly, inferior vena cava (IVC) was assessed. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) was calculated. Data was obtained by five investigators. RESULTS Total 176 patients were enrolled. Mean BMI was 30.5 kg/m2, LVEF 14-69% (range), 38% with LVEF ≤35%. The POCUS of IJV could be performed in all patients in <5 min. Increasing RAP demonstrated progressive increase in IJV and IVC diameters. For high filling pressure (RAP ≥10 mmHg), an IJV Dmax ≥1.2 cm or IJV-RVD < 30% had specificity >70%. Combining the POCUS of IJV to physical examination improved the combined specificity to 97% for RAP ≥10 mmHg. Conversely, a finding of IJV-COS was 88% specific for normal RAP (<10 mmHg). An IJV-RVD <15% is suggested as a cutoff for RAP ≥15 mmHg. The performance of IJV POCUS was comparable to IVC. For RV function assessment, IJV-RVD < 30% had 76% sensitivity and 73% specificity for PAPi <3, while IJV-COS was 80% specific for PAPi ≥3. CONCLUSION POCUS of IJV is an easy to perform, specific and reliable method for volume status estimation in daily practice. An IJV-RVD < 30% is suggested for estimation of RAP ≥10 mmHg and PAPi <3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang Nandkishor Vaidya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Andrew Kolodziej
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Stoner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Josue Villegas Galaviz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Xiangkun Cao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Kory Heier
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Mindy Thompson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Emma Birks
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
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Breunig M, Hanson A, Huckabee M. Learning curves for point-of-care ultrasound image acquisition for novice learners in a longitudinal curriculum. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:31. [PMID: 37402989 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A learning curve is graphical representation of the relationship between effort, such as repetitive practice or time spent, and the resultant learning based on specific outcomes. Group learning curves provide information for designing educational interventions or assessments. Little is known regarding the learning curves for Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) psychomotor skill acquisition of novice learners. As POCUS inclusion in education increases, a more thorough understanding of this topic is needed to allow educators to make informed decisions regarding curriculum design. The purpose of this research study is to: (A) define the psychomotor skill acquisition learning curves of novice Physician Assistant students, and (B) analyze the learning curves for the individual image quality components of depth, gain and tomographic axis. RESULTS A total of 2695 examinations were completed and reviewed. On group-level learning curves, plateau points were noted to be similar for abdominal, lung, and renal systems around 17 examinations. Bladder scores were consistently good across all exam components from the start of the curriculum. For cardiac exams, students improved even after 25 exams. Learning curves for tomographic axis (angle of intersection of the ultrasound with the structure of interest) were longer than those for depth and gain. Learning curves for axis were longer than those for depth and gain. CONCLUSION Bladder POCUS skills can be rapidly acquired and have the shortest learning curve. Abdominal aorta, kidney, and lung POCUS have similar learning curves, while cardiac POCUS has the longest learning curve. Analysis of learning curves for depth, axis, and gain demonstrates that axis has the longest learner curve of the three components of image quality. This finding has previously not been reported and provides a more nuanced understanding of psychomotor skill learning for novices. Learners might benefit from educators paying particular attention to optimizing the unique tomographic axis for each organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Breunig
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic PA Program, Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Andrew Hanson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Huckabee
- Mayo Clinic PA Program, Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Raja AE, Emam M, Shustorovich A, Tatini AL, Coslick A, Dreher GM, Singh AD, Friedlander T, Morice K, Kim SY. A Hybrid Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Curriculum for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents-a Multi-center Pilot Program. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2023; 11:51-61. [PMID: 36785739 PMCID: PMC9909640 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-023-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The increased use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) in clinical practice warrants achieving competency earlier in physiatrists' careers. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs have started incorporating formal MSKUS training in their curricula; however, significant heterogeneity remains in MSKUS education. Recent Findings Numerous barriers contribute to the lack of consensus for MSKUS training during residency, but the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted in-person learning. As an adjunct or alternative to in-person learning, teleguided technology is being utilized. Summary This curriculum demonstrates the role of a hybrid MSKUS training with interinstitutional collaboration. Twenty PM&R learners, from two institutions, were divided into a fundamental or advanced track. Virtual didactic sessions alternated weekly with hands-on ultrasonographic scanning sessions. Following a 12-month longitudinal curriculum, an end-of-year practical examination was used for competency assessment, in addition to a survey assessing resident perceptions and feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first collaborative and hybrid MSKUS curriculum for PM&R learners that can be easily reproduced at most training institutions and circumvent some of the barriers amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40141-023-00380-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altamash E. Raja
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Neuromusculoskeletal Institute, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Sewell, NJ USA
| | - Mohammed Emam
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Phipps 120, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alexander Shustorovich
- Center for Sports & Spine Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute/Hackensack Meridian, Edison, USA
| | - Anisa L. Tatini
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Phipps 120, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alexis Coslick
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Dreher
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sports Medicine, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, USA
| | - Adeepa D. Singh
- Brain and Spine Surgeons of New York, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, USA
| | - Tracy Friedlander
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Phipps 120, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Karen Morice
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, USA
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
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Nagy E, Marterer R, Hržić F, Sorantin E, Tschauner S. Learning rate of students detecting and annotating pediatric wrist fractures in supervised artificial intelligence dataset preparations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276503. [PMID: 36264961 PMCID: PMC9584407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in image analysis is an intensively debated topic in the radiology community these days. AI computer vision algorithms typically rely on large-scale image databases, annotated by specialists. Developing and maintaining them is time-consuming, thus, the involvement of non-experts into the workflow of annotation should be considered. We assessed the learning rate of inexperienced evaluators regarding correct labeling of pediatric wrist fractures on digital radiographs. Students with and without a medical background labeled wrist fractures with bounding boxes in 7,000 radiographs over ten days. Pediatric radiologists regularly discussed their mistakes. We found F1 scores-as a measure for detection rate-to increase substantially under specialist feedback (mean 0.61±0.19 at day 1 to 0.97±0.02 at day 10, p<0.001), but not the Intersection over Union as a parameter for labeling precision (mean 0.27±0.29 at day 1 to 0.53±0.25 at day 10, p<0.001). The times needed to correct the students decreased significantly (mean 22.7±6.3 seconds per image at day 1 to 8.9±1.2 seconds at day 10, p<0.001) and were substantially lower as annotated by the radiologists alone. In conclusion our data showed, that the involvement of undergraduated students into annotation of pediatric wrist radiographs enables a substantial time saving for specialists, therefore, it should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Nagy
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Marterer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franko Hržić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Tschauner
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Massalha M, Faranish R, Romano S, Salim R. Decreased inferior vena cava diameter as an early marker in postpartum hemorrhage. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2022; 59:234-240. [PMID: 34076923 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and postpartum blood loss and assess whether IVC diameter is a useful marker in the evaluation of intravascular volume status in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS This was a prospective case-control study conducted in a university medical teaching center in Afula, Israel, between November 2018 and March 2020. The study cohort consisted of women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered vaginally at term. The PPH group included women diagnosed with PPH based on visually estimated blood loss of 1000 mL or more at the time of enrolment. Hemodynamically unstable women or women with major bleeding at the time of diagnosis were not included. The control group consisted of women with an uneventful fourth stage of labor. IVC diameter was measured using transabdominal ultrasonography during inspiration (IVCi diameter) and expiration (IVCe diameter), and the collapsibility index was calculated ((IVCe - IVCi)/IVCe × 100). The primary outcome was the percentage difference in IVC diameter and collapsibility index between the PPH group and controls. The performance of the IVC collapsibility index in the prediction of the need for blood transfusion in women with PPH was assessed. In order to demonstrate a difference of 20% with a power of 80% and alpha of 0.05, 108 women, at a ratio of 1:2 in the study and control groups, respectively, were needed. RESULTS Overall, 36 and 72 women were included in the final analysis in the PPH and control groups, respectively. IVCi and IVCe diameters were significantly smaller in the PPH group (0.93 ± 0.30 cm and 1.26 ± 0.32 cm, respectively) than in controls (1.42 ± 0.31 cm and 1.75 ± 0.28 cm, respectively) (P = 0.001 for both). The percentage reductions in IVCi and IVCe diameters in the PPH group compared with controls were 35.0% and 28.0%, respectively. IVC collapsibility index was increased significantly, by 42.9% (26.04 ± 8.67% vs 18.15 ± 5.07%; P = 0.001) in the PPH group compared with controls. IVC collapsibility index was a significant predictor of the need for blood transfusion and correctly predicted 81% of cases. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that IVC collapsibility index was also a significant predictor of a drop in hemoglobin level of ≥ 2 g/dL (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IVC diameter changes in response to postpartum blood loss. Measurement of IVC diameter using transabdominal ultrasonography is an objective and useful non-invasive method for the early evaluation of intravascular volume status in women with PPH and for the prediction of cases that might require blood transfusion. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massalha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Ultrasound Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - R Faranish
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Ultrasound Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - R Salim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Ultrasound Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Giraud L, Rodrigues NF, Lekane M, Farnir F, Kennedy C, Gommeren K, Merveille AC. Caudal vena cava point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease without clinically important right heart disease. J Vet Cardiol 2022; 41:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zarauz C, Sailer I, Pitta J, Robles-Medina M, Hussein AA, Pradíes G. Influence of age and scanning system on the learning curve of experienced and novel intraoral scanner operators: A multi-centric clinical trial. J Dent 2021; 115:103860. [PMID: 34715248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of age and intra-oral scanner (IOS) on the learning curve of inexperienced operators. METHODS Thirty-four operators pertaining to 1 of 3 groups: (G1) students ≤ 25 years (y), (G2) dentists ≥ 40y, and (G3) a control group of experienced IOS operators (no age limitation), were included. All participants performed baseline and final quadrant scans on a volunteer subject, before and after a training program of 3 sessions, with two different IOS: TRIOS 3 (S1) and True Definition (S2). Baseline and final scanning times were registered in seconds. A Pearson correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between age and scanning time. An ANOVA of repeated measures test was applied to evaluate inter-group (G1, G2, G3) and inter-system performance. Significance level was set at a = 0.05. RESULTS Age and scanning time for inexperienced operators showed a weak positive correlation for final scanning time (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). When comparing groups and filtering by IOS, S1 failed to show differences between groups (p > 0.05). With S2, the control group demonstrated a better performance than G2 (p < 0.05), while G1 only demonstrated a better performance than G2 at final scanning time (p = 0.005). Overall, the type of IOS had a significant impact on the scanning time (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results from this study indicate that age and type of IOS have an impact on the performance and learning curve of inexperienced IOS operators. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Gaining knowledge on how different aspects, such as age, experience or IOS system, influence the learning curve to IOSs is relevant due to the financial and strategical impact associated with the acquisition of an IOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zarauz
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - João Pitta
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Robles-Medina
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Abra Abdulahai Hussein
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Pradíes
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Nauka PC, Galen BT. The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Cancer (FASC) Examination. POCUS JOURNAL 2020; 5:42-45. [PMID: 36896442 PMCID: PMC9979872 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v5i2.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malignant effusions occur frequently in patients with cancer and are important to diagnose and treat. In this report, we describe a novel point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocol to rapidly identify pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites: The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Cancer (FASC). This protocol utilizes six standard sonographic positions to identify the presence of fluid in common anatomic spaces. The FASC examination is intended for widespread use by oncologists and other clinicians who treat patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Nauka
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Residency Training Program Bronx, NY USA
| | - Benjamin T Galen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine Bronx, NY USA
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Gel Rounds: Integrating Bedside Ultrasound Training for Third-Year Medical Students Into the Internal Medicine Clerkship. Ultrasound Q 2020; 36:333-338. [PMID: 33136932 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite formal ultrasound training becoming prevalent in preclinical medical student education, significant barriers remain to the continuation of this training during clinical years. We sought to develop a program for third-year medical students to continue ultrasound training after an already robust preclinical ultrasound curriculum and evaluate their scanning confidence after participation. We developed a program to facilitate bedside ultrasound scanning of patients being cared for by third-year students. Students identified appropriate patients to be scanned, obtained consent for scanning, and determined which scans were most appropriate given the patient's clinical problems. Trained facilitators met with students at the bedside in 1-hour sessions called Gel Rounds to observe and direct the students' scans of their patients. Fifty-one students were surveyed after completing Gel Rounds. Students were significantly more likely to feel comfortable with independently acquiring and interpreting images after Gel Rounds than before completing the activity. Approximately 67% of students felt that ultrasound had utility in assisting bedside clinical reasoning, and this proportion did not change significantly after completing Gel Rounds. Gel Rounds was a positive continuation of the ultrasound curriculum into the third-year clerkship environment. A minority of students reported prior ultrasound exposure in their third year, reflecting difficulty with developing a longitudinal curriculum. The activity helped students to independently acquire and interpret images in patients. Because Gel Rounds can be performed at the discretion of students and faculty, it fits naturally in a variety of existing longitudinal curricula.
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Lung-ultrasound objective structured assessment of technical skills (LUS-OSAUS): utility in the assessment of lung-ultrasound trained medical undergraduates. J Ultrasound 2020; 24:57-65. [PMID: 32266687 PMCID: PMC7223719 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, some attempts have been made to integrate lung ultrasound (LUS) teaching into medical curricula. However, current education studies of LUS are extremely heterogeneous due to the lack of evidence-based guidelines on LUS education. In particular, the assessment of competencies is poorly standardized and mostly relies on non-validated scales. A new validated tool, the objective structured assessment of lung ultrasound skills (LUS-OSAUS), has the potential to overcome these limitations. Therefore, we adopted the LUS-OSAUS tool to assess the competencies of a group of LUS-trained undergraduates. Existing no prior practical applications of the LUS-OSAUS, our aim was to investigate the practical utility of this tool and its applicability in the evaluation of US-trained medical students. Methods Eight undergraduates (two males, six females) were enrolled on a voluntary basis to receive a theoretical and practical training in LUS. Once completed their training, each student performed an LUS examination on a different patient hospitalized for respiratory symptoms. The same eight patients were also scanned by a senior resident in emergency medicine for a comparison with students’ results. Students and the senior resident were tested by an examiner using the LUS-OSAUS tool. We compared the scores obtained by operators in all areas of competence of the LUS-OSAUS, the total scores, and the time needed to complete the sonographic task. Results Median students’ score in the single items of the scale was significantly lower than the ones obtained by the senior resident (4.0 [3.3–5.0] vs. 5.0 [5.0–5.0]; p < 0.0001). Students scored significantly lower than the senior resident in each item, except for B-line identification, choice of the correct transducer, and suggested focused questions. Median total score was also lower for students compared to the senior resident (70.5 [61.0–74.8] vs. 84.0 [83.5–84.3] (p = 0.0116). Median time required to complete the examination was significantly higher for students (14.1 [12.8–16.1] vs. 4.7 [3.9–5.2] min, p = 0.0117). Conclusions The LUS-OSAUS tool allowed for a standardized and comprehensive assessment of student’s competencies in lung ultrasound, and helped to discriminate their level of expertise from that of a more experienced operator. The scale also specifically tests the theoretical knowledge of trainees, thus making redundant the use of questionnaires designed for this purpose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40477-020-00454-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dietrich CF, Hoffmann B, Cantisani V, Dong Y, Hari R, Nisenbaum H, Nicholls D, Nolsøe CP, Radzina M, Recker F, Serra A, Sweet L, Westerway S, Blaivas M. Medical Student Ultrasound Education, a WFUMB Position Paper, Part I, response to the letter to the Editor. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1857-1859. [PMID: 30981532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Caritas Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Germany; Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Beatrice Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vito Cantisani
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics, Policlinico Umberto I, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman Hari
- Berner Institut für Hausarztmedizin (BIHAM), Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harvey Nisenbaum
- Department of Medical Imaging, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Delwyn Nicholls
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christian Pállson Nolsøe
- Ultrasound Section, Division of Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Ultrasound Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maija Radzina
- Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital, And Radiology Research Laboratory, Riga Stradins University University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Florian Recker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology And Sono Education Academy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, EFSUMB Learning Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Sweet
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sue Westerway
- School of Dentistry & Health Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Blaivas
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Francis Hospital, Columbus, Georgia, USA
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