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Millesimo M, Elia E, Marengo G, De Filippo O, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Wańha W, Abu-Assi E, Kinnaird T, Ariza-Solé A, Liebetrau C, Manzano-Fernández S, Iannaccone M, Henriques JPS, Templin C, Wilton SB, Velicki L, Xanthopoulou I, Correia L, Cerrato E, Rognoni A, Nuñez-Gil I, Song X, Kawaji T, Quadri G, Huczek Z, Paz RC, Juanatey JRG, Nie SP, Kawashiri MA, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Conrotto F, D'Ascenzo F, De Ferrari GM. Antithrombotic Strategy in Secondary Prevention for High-Risk Patients with Previous Acute Coronary Syndrome: Overlap between the PEGASUS Eligibility and the COMPASS Eligibility in a Large Multicenter Registry. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:77-87. [PMID: 36316613 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-022-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at high risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) have been shown to reduce recurrent ischemic events to the expense of an increase in bleeding events. The number of patients potentially eligible for these therapies in real life remains to be determined. METHODS Among ACS patients from five registries and one randomized controlled trial, we assessed the proportion of patients eligible for the PEGASUS strategy only and the proportion of patients eligible for the COMPASS strategy only, and set out the proportion of patients with an overlap between the strategies. FINDINGS Among the 10,048 evaluable patients, we found that 5373 (53.4%) were eligible for the PEGASUS strategy and 3841 (38.2%) were eligible for the COMPASS strategy, with a group of 3444 (34.4%) overlapping between the two strategies. The number of patients eligible for the PEGASUS strategy only was 1929 (19.2%) and the number eligible for the COMPASS strategy only was 397 (4.0%); 4278 (42.6%) were eligible for neither a PEGASUS strategy nor a COMPASS strategy. INTERPRETATION In a large cohort of ACS patients, one in three patients was eligible for either a prolonged DAPT with ticagrelor 60 mg and low-dose aspirin or a dual pathway inhibition approach with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg and low-dose aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Millesimo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marengo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ovidio De Filippo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Wojciech Wańha
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tim Kinnaird
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Templin
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lazar Velicki
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | | | | | - Enrico Cerrato
- Interventional Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rognoni
- Catheterization Laboratory, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giorgio Quadri
- Department of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Rafael Cobas Paz
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Shao-Ping Nie
- Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Federico Conrotto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Spitaleri G, Tebaldi M, Biscaglia S, Westra J, Brugaletta S, Erriquez A, Passarini G, Brieda A, Leone AM, Picchi A, Ielasi A, Girolamo DD, Trani C, Ferrari R, Reiber JHC, Valgimigli M, Sabatè M, Campo G. Quantitative Flow Ratio Identifies Nonculprit Coronary Lesions Requiring Revascularization in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:e006023. [PMID: 29449325 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.117.006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonculprit lesion (NCL) management in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease is debated. We sought to assess whether quantitative flow ratio (QFR), a noninvasive tool to identify potentially flow-limiting lesions, may be reliable in this scenario. METHODS AND RESULTS The present proof-of-concept study is based on a 3-step process: (1) identification of the QFR reproducibility in NCLs assessment (cohort A, n=31); (2) prospective validation of QFR diagnostic accuracy in respect to fractional flow reserve (cohort B, n=45); and (3) investigation of long-term clinical outcomes of NCLs stratified according to QFR (cohort C, n=110). A blinded core laboratory computed QFR values for all NCLs. Cohort A showed a good correlation and agreement between QFR values at index (acute) and at staged (subacute, 3-4 days later) procedures (r=0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-0.99; mean difference, 0.004 [-0.027 to 0.34]). The inter-rater agreement was κ=0.9. In cohort B, fractional flow reserve and QFR identified 16 (33%) and 17 (35%) NCLs potentially flow limiting. Sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values were 88%, 97%, 94%, and 94%. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.99). Finally, in cohort C, we identified 110 ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients where at least 1 NCL was left untreated. Patients with NCLs showing a QFR value ≤0.80 were at higher risk of adverse events (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.5; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a limited and selected study population, our study showed that QFR computation may be a safe and reliable tool to guide coronary revascularization of NCLs in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giosafat Spitaleri
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Matteo Tebaldi
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Jelmer Westra
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Erriquez
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Giulia Passarini
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Alessandro Brieda
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Picchi
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Alfonso Ielasi
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Domenico Di Girolamo
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Carlo Trani
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Johan H C Reiber
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Manel Sabatè
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.)
| | - Gianluca Campo
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy (G.S., M.T., S.B., A.E., G.P., A.B., R.F., G.C.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W.); University Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (S.B., M.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (A.M.L., C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy (A.P.); Bolognini Hospital, Seriate (BG), Italy (A.I.); Cardiologia Interventistica, A.O. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy (D.D.G.); Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (R.F., G.C.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.C.R.); and University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland (M.V.).
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